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Shakespeare Made Easy
賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇
Shakespeare may have written Julius Caesar as the first of his plays to be performed at the Globe, in 1599. For it, he turned to a key event in Roman history: Caesar鈥檚 death at the hands of friends and fellow politicians. Renaissance writers disagreed over the assassination, seeing Brutus, a leading conspirator, as either hero or villain. Shakespeare鈥檚 play keeps this debate alive.
240 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1599
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About the author
William Shakespeare
21.4k听books45.6k听followersWilliam Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet, and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare remains arguably the most influential writer in the English language, and his works continue to be studied and reinterpreted.
Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Sometime between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner ("sharer") of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men after the ascension of King James VI and I of Scotland to the English throne. At age 49 (around 1613), he appears to have retired to Stratford, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, his sexuality, his religious beliefs, and even certain fringe theories as to whether the works attributed to him were written by others.
Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best works produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights.
Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. However, in 1623, John Heminge and Henry Condell, two fellow actors and friends of Shakespeare's, published a more definitive text known as the First Folio, a posthumous collected edition of Shakespeare's dramatic works that includes 36 of his plays. Its Preface was a prescient poem by Ben Jonson, a former rival of Shakespeare, that hailed Shakespeare with the now famous epithet: "not of an age, but for all time".
Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Sometime between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner ("sharer") of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men after the ascension of King James VI and I of Scotland to the English throne. At age 49 (around 1613), he appears to have retired to Stratford, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, his sexuality, his religious beliefs, and even certain fringe theories as to whether the works attributed to him were written by others.
Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best works produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights.
Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. However, in 1623, John Heminge and Henry Condell, two fellow actors and friends of Shakespeare's, published a more definitive text known as the First Folio, a posthumous collected edition of Shakespeare's dramatic works that includes 36 of his plays. Its Preface was a prescient poem by Ben Jonson, a former rival of Shakespeare, that hailed Shakespeare with the now famous epithet: "not of an age, but for all time".
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July 30, 2019
In the course of teaching high school sophomores for thirty years, I have read Julius Caesar more than thirty times, and I never grow tired of its richness of detail or the complexity of its characters. Almost every year, I end up asking myself the same simple question--"Whom do I like better? Cassius or Brutus?"--and almost every year my answer is different from what it was the year before.
On one hand, we have Cassius, the selfish, manipulative conspirator who, after the assassination, shows himself to be an impulsive, loyal friend and an able politician, and, on the other hand, Brutus, the conscientious intellectual and lover of the republic who becomes, under the weight of his guilt, an irritatingly scrupulous moralist and an inept general more concerned with reputation than success. And then of course there is Antony: brilliant, vicious, unscrupulous, and ultimately as unknowable as a tornado.
This is a great play about politics and human character.
November 17, 2019
鈥淐owards die many times before their deaths;
The valiant never taste of death but once.
Of all the wonders that I yet have heard,
It seems to me most strange that men should fear;
Seeing that death, a necessary end,
Will come when it will come.鈥�
Beware the Ides of March. Beware to those that have aspirations to rule. You may encounter many enemies. People who will thwart your plans. People quite possibly afraid of your genius. People suffering from delusions of grandeur.
I always say keep an eye on the son of your favorite squeeze.
Marcus Junius Brutus, what a fickle man, you are running around like a plucked chicken looking for your missing head. 鈥滺e seems completely blind to reality, an ineffectual idealist whose idealism cannot prevent him from committing a senseless and terrible crime.鈥� You let the insidious Cassius fill your ear with dilettante, conspiratorial nonsense. 鈥滳adaverous and hungry-looking, much given to brooding, and a great reader; a scorner of sports and light diversions, a very shrewd judge of human nature, and deeply envious of those who are greater than himself.鈥� So the question remains, is Cassius the shrewd judge of character, capable of seeing the future, or is he the man consumed by jealousy who wants to see the mighty Julius Caesar fall?
You fell for that first man of Rome, the republic is your responsibility, and all that. As it turns out, you aren鈥檛 the only dagger maestro in your family. Gaius Servilius Structus Ahala, a distant relative of yours, saved Rome from another tyrant named Spurius Maelius. Of course, that is all in the far distant past and might even be a myth, but Cassius knows the right buttons to push.
鈥滱nd therefore think him as a serpent鈥檚 egg,
Which, hatch鈥檇, would, as his kind, grow mischievous,
And kill him in the shell.鈥�
You might have said the line Brutus, but the stench of it, the green gray smoke of it, smacks of Cassius. Wouldn鈥檛 it have been more prudent to see what Caesar intended to do with his power before you stab, stab, STABBED him to death?
鈥淓t tu, Brute?鈥�
That must have felt like a punch in the gut given that you had his blood all over your sword and hands at the time. Caesar鈥檚 parting guilt laden gift to you. I鈥檓 just putting a few thoughts out there in the wind. How鈥檇 you feel about Caesar putting the sausage to your mother? Did the bedposts banging against the wall feel like a drummer hammering your skull? Maybe Cassius doesn鈥檛 have to be that convincing.
Cassius
It must have been a real kick in the subligaculum when that hack William Shakespeare named the play after Julius Caesar. My god, man, you have four times the lines, and for most of the play Caesar is nothing more than an apparition. An annoying apparition, by the way, who keeps showing up at the most inconvenient times and saying things like, 鈥滾et loose the dogs of war.鈥�
Letting Marc Antony live was probably a mistake. He isn鈥檛 the brightest star in the firmament, but he is a brave soldier. A good leader, but better as number two than number one. You aren鈥檛 really a mad dog killer after all, so the thought of killing Antony is like crunching on the bones of a stale dormouse.
鈥漁f course will seem too bloody, Caius Cassius,
To cut the head off and then hack the limbs,
Like wrath in death and envy afterwards;
For Antony is but a limb of Caesar.
Let鈥檚 be sacrificers, but not butchers, Caius.
We all stand up against the spirit of Caesar.鈥�
Magnanimous of you, Brutus. Well said, but did you think ZOINKS after Antony dropped that rap battle speech at Caesar鈥檚 funeral.
Marc Antony
鈥滷riends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
The evil that men do lives after them;
The good is oft interred with their bones;
So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus
Hath told you Caesar was ambitious:
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answer鈥檇 it.
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest鈥�
For Brutus is an honourable man;
So are they all, all honourable men鈥�
You remember the one, right? The speech where he basically calls you a douche bag under the guise of singing your praises.
I鈥檓 not going to talk about the disaster at the battle of Philippi. I think that might have been where the term Caesar salad came into common usage. Marc Antony and Octavius join forces and break the will of your men. We are all ready, way past ready, for you to fall on your own sword. In fact, I would have happily given you a firm Caligae to the arse if you needed a little extra encouragement.
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September 12, 2021
The Tragedie Of Julius Caesar, William Shakespeare
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1599.
It is one of several plays written by Shakespeare based on true events from Roman history, which also include Coriolanus and Antony and Cleopatra.
Although the play is named Julius Caesar, Brutus speaks more than four times as many lines as the title character; and the central psychological drama of the play focuses on Brutus' struggle between the conflicting demands of honor, patriotism, and friendship. ...
毓賳賵丕賳賴丕蹖 趩丕倬 卮丿賴 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳: 芦鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賯蹖氐乇: 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丿乇 倬賳噩 倬乇丿賴禄貨 芦鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 跇賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇禄貨 芦跇賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇禄貨 芦噩賵賱蹖賵爻 賯蹖氐乇禄貨 丕孬乇: 賵蹖賱蹖丕賲 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貨 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮 爻丕賱 1971賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賯蹖氐乇: 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丿乇 倬賳噩 倬乇丿賴貨 丕孬乇: 賵蹖賱蹖丕賲 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賮乇賳诏蹖爻 卮丕丿賲丕賳 (賳賲丕夭蹖)貨 賲卮禺氐丕鬲 賳卮乇 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 亘賳诏丕賴 鬲乇噩賲賴 賵 賳卮乇 讴鬲丕亘貙 1334貙 丿乇 161氐貙 賲賵囟賵毓 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賴丕蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 亘乇蹖鬲丕賳蹖丕蹖蹖 - 爻丿賴 16賲
丕夭 賴賲蹖賳 賲鬲乇噩賲: 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 卮乇讴鬲 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 毓賱賲蹖 賮乇賴賳诏蹖貙 1382貙 丿乇 177氐貨 卮丕亘讴 9789644459733貨
毓賳賵丕賳: 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 賯蹖氐乇貨 丕孬乇: 賵蹖賱蹖丕賲 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貨 賲鬲乇噩賲 丕亘賵丕賱丨爻賳 鬲賴丕賲蹖貨 賳卮乇 賳诏丕賴貨 1395貨 丿乇 247氐貨 卮丕亘讴 9786003761902貨
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鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 14/09/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 20/06/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1599.
It is one of several plays written by Shakespeare based on true events from Roman history, which also include Coriolanus and Antony and Cleopatra.
Although the play is named Julius Caesar, Brutus speaks more than four times as many lines as the title character; and the central psychological drama of the play focuses on Brutus' struggle between the conflicting demands of honor, patriotism, and friendship. ...
毓賳賵丕賳賴丕蹖 趩丕倬 卮丿賴 丿乇 丕蹖乇丕賳: 芦鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賯蹖氐乇: 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丿乇 倬賳噩 倬乇丿賴禄貨 芦鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 跇賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇禄貨 芦跇賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇禄貨 芦噩賵賱蹖賵爻 賯蹖氐乇禄貨 丕孬乇: 賵蹖賱蹖丕賲 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貨 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮 爻丕賱 1971賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賯蹖氐乇: 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丿乇 倬賳噩 倬乇丿賴貨 丕孬乇: 賵蹖賱蹖丕賲 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賮乇賳诏蹖爻 卮丕丿賲丕賳 (賳賲丕夭蹖)貨 賲卮禺氐丕鬲 賳卮乇 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 亘賳诏丕賴 鬲乇噩賲賴 賵 賳卮乇 讴鬲丕亘貙 1334貙 丿乇 161氐貙 賲賵囟賵毓 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賴丕蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 亘乇蹖鬲丕賳蹖丕蹖蹖 - 爻丿賴 16賲
丕夭 賴賲蹖賳 賲鬲乇噩賲: 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 卮乇讴鬲 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 毓賱賲蹖 賮乇賴賳诏蹖貙 1382貙 丿乇 177氐貨 卮丕亘讴 9789644459733貨
毓賳賵丕賳: 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 賯蹖氐乇貨 丕孬乇: 賵蹖賱蹖丕賲 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貨 賲鬲乇噩賲 丕亘賵丕賱丨爻賳 鬲賴丕賲蹖貨 賳卮乇 賳诏丕賴貨 1395貨 丿乇 247氐貨 卮丕亘讴 9786003761902貨
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鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 14/09/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 20/06/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
March 27, 2025
賴乇亘丕乇 讴賴 亘丕 禺賵丕賴乇賲 亘賴 讴鬲丕亘賮乇賵卮蹖 賲蹖乇賮鬲蹖賲貙 丿賲 賴賲丕賳 賵乇賵丿蹖 丕夭 賴賲 噩丿丕 賲蹖鈥屫簇屬�. 丕賵 亘賴 胤乇賮 賯賮爻賴鈥屰� 讴鬲丕亘賴丕蹖 賳賵噩賵丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫辟佖� 賵 賲賳 亘賴 鬲丕夭賴鈥屬囏й� 賳卮乇 爻乇 賲蹖鈥屫藏�. 賲賳 賴賲蹖卮賴 诏蹖噩 賵 賲亘賴賵鬲 亘蹖賳 丌賳鈥屬囐呝� 讴鬲丕亘 趩乇禺 賲蹖鈥屫堌必呚� 賵乇賯 賲蹖鈥屫藏呚� 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀呚� 賵 丿爻鬲 丌禺乇 讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘賴 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿賽 倬爻乇 賮乇賵卮賳丿賴鈥屰� 賲賵 賮乇賮乇蹖 賲蹖 禺乇蹖丿賲. 丕賲丕 禺賵丕賴乇賲 鬲讴賱蹖賮卮 乇賵卮賳 亘賵丿. 賴賲蹖卮賴 丕賵賱蹖賳 丕賳鬲禺丕亘卮 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘賵丿 賵 亘毓丿 賴乇趩蹖夭 丿蹖诏乇蹖 讴賴 亘賳馗乇卮 噩匕丕亘 賵 禺賵丕賳丿賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫①呚� 賲孬賱 丿丕乇賳_卮丕賳 蹖丕 亘趩賴鈥屰� 趩賱賲賳貙 丿丕爻鬲丕賳賴丕蹖 鬲乇爻賳丕讴...
亘賴 禺丕賳賴 賳乇爻蹖丿賴 卮乇賵毓 賲蹖讴乇丿 亘賴 禺賵丕賳丿賳貙 诏丕賴蹖 亘賱賳丿 賵 亘蹖卮鬲乇 夭賲夭賲賴 讴賳丕賳 . 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 噩賲賱賴鈥屬囏� 睾賵胤賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌必� 蹖丕 丕賳诏丕乇 丿乇 禺賱丕蹖蹖 賲賯丿爻 卮賳丕賵乇 亘賵丿. 丌賳賯丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳賲 讴賴 丿乇 賱匕鬲蹖 丨賯蹖賯蹖 睾乇賯 賲蹖鈥屫簇� 丕夭 趩乇禺卮 卮丕丿丕亘 賲乇丿賲讴 趩卮賲賴丕 賵 讴卮蹖丿诏蹖 賲賱丕蹖賲 乇賵亘賴 亘丕賱丕蹖 賱亘賴丕卮 丕蹖賳 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屬佡囐呟屫�. 夭蹖亘丕鬲乇 賲蹖鈥屫簇�...
丨丕賱丕 賴乇賵賯鬲 賴乇噩丕 丕爻賲 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 乇丕 亘卮賳賵賲貙 乇賵蹖 賴乇 讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘禺賵丕賳賲貙 丕賲讴丕賳 賳丿丕乇丿 讴賴 亘賴 蹖丕丿卮 賳蹖賵賮鬲賲 貙 賳賱乇夭賲 賵 賯賱亘賲 賲趩丕賱賴 賳卮賵丿. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 賲鬲毓丕乇賮 丕爻鬲 亘丕 禺賵丕賴乇.
趩賯丿乇 丿賱賲 亘乇丕蹖 丨乇賮 夭丿賳 亘丕 禺賵丕賴乇讴賲 鬲賳诏 卮丿賴. 亘乇丕蹖 卮賳蹖丿賳 氐丿丕蹖卮貙 亘乇丕蹖 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵丕賳丿賳卮貙 亘乇丕蹖 丌賴 亘賱賳丿蹖 讴賴 賵爻胤 禺賵丕賳丿賳 噩賲賱賴鈥屬囏й� 胤賵賱丕賳蹖貙 賵賯鬲蹖 賳賮爻 讴賲 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必� 賲蹖鈥屭┴篡屫�. 亘乇丕蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 趩蹖夭賴丕. 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕夭 賴乇趩蹖夭 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲丕賳 讴卮蹖丿诏蹖 卮賵禺 诏賵卮賴鈥屰� 賱亘卮 賲賵賯毓 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵丕賳丿賳. 趩賳丿 乇賵夭 賯亘賱 讴賴 賴賲 噩賲毓賴 亘賵丿 賵 賴賲 亘乇賮貙 賵 丿賱鬲賳诏蹖鈥屫� 亘賴 爻蹖賳賴鈥屫з� 倬賳噩賴 賲蹖鈥屭┴篡屫� 亘乇丕蹖 卮賳蹖丿賳 氐丿丕蹖 賮乇卮鬲賴鈥屫з� 亘賴 讴鬲丕亘賴丕蹖卮 倬賳丕賴 亘乇丿賲. 讴鬲丕亘卮 乇丕 賵乇賯 夭丿賲 貙 乇丿 丕賳诏卮鬲丕賳 賲毓氐賵賲卮 乇丕 乇賵蹖 讴丕睾匕 鬲丕禺賵乇丿賴 亘賵爻蹖丿賲貙 丿賱鬲賳诏鈥屫� 卮丿賲.
禺賵丕賴乇賲 乇賮鬲賴 賵賱蹖 賴乇诏賵卮賴鈥屰� 丿賳蹖丕 趩蹖夭蹖 丕夭 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 蹖丕丿賲 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必�.
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丿乇亘丕乇賴 讴鬲丕亘:
亘賴 丿賱賿 诏賮鬲賲: 芦讴丿丕賲蹖賳 卮蹖賵賴 丿卮賵丕乇 丕爻鬲 丿乇 毓丕賱賲責禄
賳賮賻爻 丿乇 禺賵賳 鬲倬蹖丿 賵 诏賮鬲: 芦倬丕爻賽 丌卮賳丕蹖蹖鈥屬囏�
亘蹖丿賱 丿賴賱賵蹖
亘賴 禺丕賳賴 賳乇爻蹖丿賴 卮乇賵毓 賲蹖讴乇丿 亘賴 禺賵丕賳丿賳貙 诏丕賴蹖 亘賱賳丿 賵 亘蹖卮鬲乇 夭賲夭賲賴 讴賳丕賳 . 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 噩賲賱賴鈥屬囏� 睾賵胤賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌必� 蹖丕 丕賳诏丕乇 丿乇 禺賱丕蹖蹖 賲賯丿爻 卮賳丕賵乇 亘賵丿. 丌賳賯丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳賲 讴賴 丿乇 賱匕鬲蹖 丨賯蹖賯蹖 睾乇賯 賲蹖鈥屫簇� 丕夭 趩乇禺卮 卮丕丿丕亘 賲乇丿賲讴 趩卮賲賴丕 賵 讴卮蹖丿诏蹖 賲賱丕蹖賲 乇賵亘賴 亘丕賱丕蹖 賱亘賴丕卮 丕蹖賳 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屬佡囐呟屫�. 夭蹖亘丕鬲乇 賲蹖鈥屫簇�...
丨丕賱丕 賴乇賵賯鬲 賴乇噩丕 丕爻賲 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 乇丕 亘卮賳賵賲貙 乇賵蹖 賴乇 讴鬲丕亘蹖 亘禺賵丕賳賲貙 丕賲讴丕賳 賳丿丕乇丿 讴賴 亘賴 蹖丕丿卮 賳蹖賵賮鬲賲 貙 賳賱乇夭賲 賵 賯賱亘賲 賲趩丕賱賴 賳卮賵丿. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 賲鬲毓丕乇賮 丕爻鬲 亘丕 禺賵丕賴乇.
趩賯丿乇 丿賱賲 亘乇丕蹖 丨乇賮 夭丿賳 亘丕 禺賵丕賴乇讴賲 鬲賳诏 卮丿賴. 亘乇丕蹖 卮賳蹖丿賳 氐丿丕蹖卮貙 亘乇丕蹖 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵丕賳丿賳卮貙 亘乇丕蹖 丌賴 亘賱賳丿蹖 讴賴 賵爻胤 禺賵丕賳丿賳 噩賲賱賴鈥屬囏й� 胤賵賱丕賳蹖貙 賵賯鬲蹖 賳賮爻 讴賲 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必� 賲蹖鈥屭┴篡屫�. 亘乇丕蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 趩蹖夭賴丕. 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕夭 賴乇趩蹖夭 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲丕賳 讴卮蹖丿诏蹖 卮賵禺 诏賵卮賴鈥屰� 賱亘卮 賲賵賯毓 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵丕賳丿賳. 趩賳丿 乇賵夭 賯亘賱 讴賴 賴賲 噩賲毓賴 亘賵丿 賵 賴賲 亘乇賮貙 賵 丿賱鬲賳诏蹖鈥屫� 亘賴 爻蹖賳賴鈥屫з� 倬賳噩賴 賲蹖鈥屭┴篡屫� 亘乇丕蹖 卮賳蹖丿賳 氐丿丕蹖 賮乇卮鬲賴鈥屫з� 亘賴 讴鬲丕亘賴丕蹖卮 倬賳丕賴 亘乇丿賲. 讴鬲丕亘卮 乇丕 賵乇賯 夭丿賲 貙 乇丿 丕賳诏卮鬲丕賳 賲毓氐賵賲卮 乇丕 乇賵蹖 讴丕睾匕 鬲丕禺賵乇丿賴 亘賵爻蹖丿賲貙 丿賱鬲賳诏鈥屫� 卮丿賲.
禺賵丕賴乇賲 乇賮鬲賴 賵賱蹖 賴乇诏賵卮賴鈥屰� 丿賳蹖丕 趩蹖夭蹖 丕夭 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 蹖丕丿賲 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必�.
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丿乇亘丕乇賴 讴鬲丕亘:
亘賴 丿賱賿 诏賮鬲賲: 芦讴丿丕賲蹖賳 卮蹖賵賴 丿卮賵丕乇 丕爻鬲 丿乇 毓丕賱賲責禄
賳賮賻爻 丿乇 禺賵賳 鬲倬蹖丿 賵 诏賮鬲: 芦倬丕爻賽 丌卮賳丕蹖蹖鈥屬囏�
亘蹖丿賱 丿賴賱賵蹖
August 7, 2020
The most powerful, famous man in Roman history, her greatest conqueror, loved by the adoring , poor population, of Rome, ( and Cleopatra, also) that has brought glory and prosperity, too, the army will follow anywhere he leads, certain victory and riches to the soldiers, the Senate has given numerous awards to him, Rome's enemies tremble at the name of the mighty Caesar, but of course nobody is loved by all, men are small, petty, and jealous, why should he be above them, (fearing he, becoming King) the less talented and not as successful, always will ask this eternal question...The world is full of chaos, by men who believe in a cause, they never see the consequences, of their actions, what happens, afterwards, most don't care . A conspiracy by a conservative faction of the Roman Senate, organized by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius, an upper class clique, the aristocrats, didn't like Caesar's rule, but pretended to be his friends, had contempt for the plebeians, (common citizens) and on the Ides (15th) of March, 44 B.C. stabbed the great, brilliant warrior, 23 times ( Et tu, Brutus?) . Those Senators were out of touch with reality, believing they would be praised for their treachery, yet when Mark Anthony, gives a fiery speech, to the dazed, vast crowds, asking them, when will there be another man, like him, never, they shout back, at Caesar's funeral, (but Brutus, said he was ambitious) and shows the bloody body , clothes, of the fallen, and reads his will, giving every poor citizen ( who he loved), a vast amount of money and a park, his own gardens, to the lowly , riots ensue, the surprised assassins, flee for their lives out of the huge city...At the decisive battle of Philippi, in Greece, Mark Anthony and young Octavian, (Augustus Caesar) Julius Caesar's great-nephew, fought Brutus and Cassius, a total of 400,000 soldiers , for the control of Rome, the winners live, the losers die...but none were generals like Caesar... A great, immortal play, that asks who is right and who is wrong , Brutus and Cassius or Caesar, generations past, and in the unforeseen future, will deliberate this unanswerable question, politics can be deadly, when one group believes they know best, anyone opposing them, will be butchered, for the good of the state, these pitiable people, cease to be human, the killers, destroy , but the blood sprays on all, as later the victims, friends, fight back , vengeance is very sweet, thousands , even millions may perish, but the gore continues unrelenting, until the people have had enough, or no one is left, it may go on for a long, long, while, though. There are no noblemen, in hate...
September 5, 2018
'You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!'
February 14, 2019
馃挏reread for my Shakespeare class
I really do love this play but I was also in it, with an Overly Large Yet Worth It Role, and at this point I have no energy to have thoughts on it, we'll talk about why I love this show and then we'll end with the long list of terrible memes
(also why the FUCK did I give this four stars. it's a five goodnight I love this underrated play)
WHY THIS PLAY IS FUCKING AWESOME
Okay, first of all, and no one else cares: it's pretty damn historically accurate as Shakespeare goes. And I'm a stressed Latin student. So that was nice to see.
It's also a really good play as characters go. Every character parallels around three other characters in interesting ways; Brutus especially is a foil to all of the other three leads. All the relationships between the characters are so interesting and heartbreaking.
This is also just one of the best-written plays I've ever read. I love how Shakespeare varies his meter for every character. Okay, example time: Brutus ends at least half his statements with weak endings rather than in typical Iambic Pentameter. Cool, right? Maybe it's not if you don't know what any of that meant. Nevermind. But my nerd ass loves it. Also, so much rhetoric. That assembly scene changed me as a person. You could write a freaking term paper on that scene and still not fully analyze the whole thing
And it's still a relevant story today!! This play has some really fucking relevant political commentary. There's actually a line in this play about how this bloody scene, this surprise betrayal, will be reenacted a thousand times over in the future, and it's maybe the most brilliant line of all time, ever. I love it. I can't believe we cut it.
Beyond all that, though, this is just one of the most narratively strong plays I've ever read. This is my favorite kind of tragedy. Every single character has sensical motivations!! There's no villain!! There's no fate as the villain!! Every bad thing that happens is the result of a character decision. I just really love this play narratively.
SOME MEMES, FOR YOUR ENJOYMENT
鈥� I can't believe Brutus and Cassius are being chewed on by Satan in hell they didn't deserve this @Dante you take that shit back they were just trying to stop a fucking dictator good god
鈥� comparing Caesar to Trump is unfair?? Caesar cared about poor people how is that comparable to our current president
鈥�
鈥� add 鈥渂ro鈥� to every single line of The Tent SceneTM and it's 100% better trust me I Am A Scientist
鈥� et tu, brote
鈥�
鈥� Cassius every single time something goes wrong: time to die lmao
鈥� au where this whole thing takes place on tumblr and Antony's speech is just a callout post and no one stays in their lane
鈥� that Mean Girls version of the speech is really fucking accurate she even gets in "Brutus is just as cute as Caeser" and if that's not something Cassius would say I don't know what is
鈥� sorry Shakespeare I really do love your work I don't only make memes about it
鈥� and yet:
(i'm really sorry)
鈥� this play is literally Macbeth except less supernatural, more Roman, and more gay
鈥� there's also this weird Romeo-and-Juliet esque triple suicide? in which a character who has never shown up before is suddenly Cassius' best friend and then they kill themselves and lie dead next to each other over a misunderstanding? it's weird
鈥� and then Brutus comes in and dies too so... triple suicide? cool??
鈥� I feel like I should mention that random new character is quite literally named Titty-nius
鈥� Shakespeare, on : lmao let's write a crossover of Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth except... Roman au
鈥� this play invented the bury your gays trope
鈥� or maybe someone just yelled "the floor is stabbing Caesar"
鈥� I'm so very sorry for this review I regret it already
| 欧宝娱乐| |
I really do love this play but I was also in it, with an Overly Large Yet Worth It Role, and at this point I have no energy to have thoughts on it, we'll talk about why I love this show and then we'll end with the long list of terrible memes
(also why the FUCK did I give this four stars. it's a five goodnight I love this underrated play)
WHY THIS PLAY IS FUCKING AWESOME
Okay, first of all, and no one else cares: it's pretty damn historically accurate as Shakespeare goes. And I'm a stressed Latin student. So that was nice to see.
It's also a really good play as characters go. Every character parallels around three other characters in interesting ways; Brutus especially is a foil to all of the other three leads. All the relationships between the characters are so interesting and heartbreaking.
This is also just one of the best-written plays I've ever read. I love how Shakespeare varies his meter for every character. Okay, example time: Brutus ends at least half his statements with weak endings rather than in typical Iambic Pentameter. Cool, right? Maybe it's not if you don't know what any of that meant. Nevermind. But my nerd ass loves it. Also, so much rhetoric. That assembly scene changed me as a person. You could write a freaking term paper on that scene and still not fully analyze the whole thing
And it's still a relevant story today!! This play has some really fucking relevant political commentary. There's actually a line in this play about how this bloody scene, this surprise betrayal, will be reenacted a thousand times over in the future, and it's maybe the most brilliant line of all time, ever. I love it. I can't believe we cut it.
Beyond all that, though, this is just one of the most narratively strong plays I've ever read. This is my favorite kind of tragedy. Every single character has sensical motivations!! There's no villain!! There's no fate as the villain!! Every bad thing that happens is the result of a character decision. I just really love this play narratively.
SOME MEMES, FOR YOUR ENJOYMENT
鈥� I can't believe Brutus and Cassius are being chewed on by Satan in hell they didn't deserve this @Dante you take that shit back they were just trying to stop a fucking dictator good god
鈥� comparing Caesar to Trump is unfair?? Caesar cared about poor people how is that comparable to our current president
鈥�
鈥� add 鈥渂ro鈥� to every single line of The Tent SceneTM and it's 100% better trust me I Am A Scientist
鈥� et tu, brote
鈥�
鈥� Cassius every single time something goes wrong: time to die lmao
鈥� au where this whole thing takes place on tumblr and Antony's speech is just a callout post and no one stays in their lane
鈥� that Mean Girls version of the speech is really fucking accurate she even gets in "Brutus is just as cute as Caeser" and if that's not something Cassius would say I don't know what is
鈥� sorry Shakespeare I really do love your work I don't only make memes about it
鈥� and yet:
(i'm really sorry)
鈥� this play is literally Macbeth except less supernatural, more Roman, and more gay
鈥� there's also this weird Romeo-and-Juliet esque triple suicide? in which a character who has never shown up before is suddenly Cassius' best friend and then they kill themselves and lie dead next to each other over a misunderstanding? it's weird
鈥� and then Brutus comes in and dies too so... triple suicide? cool??
鈥� I feel like I should mention that random new character is quite literally named Titty-nius
鈥� Shakespeare, on : lmao let's write a crossover of Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth except... Roman au
鈥� this play invented the bury your gays trope
鈥� or maybe someone just yelled "the floor is stabbing Caesar"
鈥� I'm so very sorry for this review I regret it already
| 欧宝娱乐| |
August 26, 2023
Just when I thought I was beginning to 'get' Shakespeare along comes a 1 out of 12 in my opinion play, that is Julius Caesar! Harsh?
One of the playwright's Roman History set plays - this one centres around the moral dilemma that Brutus has on joining the Cassius led conspiracy to murder Julius Caesar supposedly for the good of Rome. Following Caesar's death, Rome is thrust into a period of civil war, and the republic the balancing the demands of honour, friendship and Rome itself! It sounds so good written like that, but I am afraid I just didn't get it or get Brutus' struggles in the language used. I can only apologise to purists - 1 out of 12, One Star, I had little idea of what was going on - read. Please note that I read this 19 years ago.
2006 read
One of the playwright's Roman History set plays - this one centres around the moral dilemma that Brutus has on joining the Cassius led conspiracy to murder Julius Caesar supposedly for the good of Rome. Following Caesar's death, Rome is thrust into a period of civil war, and the republic the balancing the demands of honour, friendship and Rome itself! It sounds so good written like that, but I am afraid I just didn't get it or get Brutus' struggles in the language used. I can only apologise to purists - 1 out of 12, One Star, I had little idea of what was going on - read. Please note that I read this 19 years ago.
2006 read
March 26, 2009
I once performed the whole of Mark Anthony's "Friends, Romans, Countrymen" speech on the steps outside the Great Hall in Trinity College, Cambridge, wearing a bedspread as a toga and with a bucket chained over my head. It's a long story. I think I still know the speech by heart.
February 12, 2018
"But Brutus says he was ambitious;
And Brutus is an honourable man鈥�. "
Oh yes! So very, very, honourable was our dear Brutus鈥�..
To think these two were once friends.
And Brutus is an honourable man鈥�. "
Oh yes! So very, very, honourable was our dear Brutus鈥�..
To think these two were once friends.
May 14, 2016
鈥淓t tu, Brute?鈥�
These lines have haunted audiences and readers for centuries, since The Bard first presented the play, believed to be in 1599, when Shakespeare would have been 35. Bringing to life scenes from Roman history, this tragedy, more than presenting a biography of the leader, instead forms a study in loyalty, honor, patriotism and friendship.
鈥淔riends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him;
The evil that men do lives after them,
The good is oft interred with their bones,
So let it be with Caesar ...鈥�
Antony鈥檚 speech has been memorized and recited by hundreds of thousands over the centuries and still stands as a testament to subtle revenge and stubborn leadership.
鈥淏e patient till the last. Romans, countrymen, and lovers! Hear me for my cause, and be silent that you may hear. Believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor that you may believe. Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar鈥檚, to him I say that Brutus' love to Caesar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more鈥�
Like Milton鈥檚 Satan, and Shakespeare鈥檚 Edmund from King Lear, the most interesting character in the play is the villain Brutus. But was he truly a villain? He was certainly written as a sympathetic antagonist. His conflicting thoughts on loyalty and honor form the most memorable elements of one of Shakespeare鈥檚 finest plays.
These lines have haunted audiences and readers for centuries, since The Bard first presented the play, believed to be in 1599, when Shakespeare would have been 35. Bringing to life scenes from Roman history, this tragedy, more than presenting a biography of the leader, instead forms a study in loyalty, honor, patriotism and friendship.
鈥淔riends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him;
The evil that men do lives after them,
The good is oft interred with their bones,
So let it be with Caesar ...鈥�
Antony鈥檚 speech has been memorized and recited by hundreds of thousands over the centuries and still stands as a testament to subtle revenge and stubborn leadership.
鈥淏e patient till the last. Romans, countrymen, and lovers! Hear me for my cause, and be silent that you may hear. Believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor that you may believe. Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar鈥檚, to him I say that Brutus' love to Caesar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more鈥�
Like Milton鈥檚 Satan, and Shakespeare鈥檚 Edmund from King Lear, the most interesting character in the play is the villain Brutus. But was he truly a villain? He was certainly written as a sympathetic antagonist. His conflicting thoughts on loyalty and honor form the most memorable elements of one of Shakespeare鈥檚 finest plays.
August 18, 2022
丨鬲賷 丕賳鬲 賷丕 亘乇賵鬲爻
丕匕賳 賮賱賷爻賯胤 賯賷氐乇
賰賲 賱禺氐鬲 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丕賱禺丕賱丿丞 亘賰賱賲丕鬲賴丕 丕賱爻亘毓 賵胤兀丞 丕賱禺賷丕賳丞 賵 孬賽賯賱 丕賱睾丿乇
賷鬲丌賲乇 毓丿丿 賲賳 賰亘丕乇 乇賵賲丕 毓賱賷 丕睾鬲賷丕賱 賷賵賱賷賵爻
賵 賷賯賳毓賵丕 亘乇賵鬲爻 乇亘賷亘賴 丕賱兀孬賷乇 亘賲卮丕乇賰鬲賴賲 賱氐丕賱丨 乇賵賲丕 丕賱毓丕賲貨 賵 亘丕賱賮毓賱 賷購睾鬲丕賱 賯賷氐乇 毓賱賷 丿乇噩丕鬲 賲噩賱爻 丕賱卮賷賵禺貨 賱賷爻賯胤 鬲丨鬲 鬲賲孬丕賱 亘賵賲亘賷 丕賱匕賷 賯鬲賱賴 賴賵 賳賮爻賴 賷賵賲丕 賲丕
賵 賷亘乇乇 丕賱賲鬲丕賲乇賵賳 丕睾鬲賷丕賱賴 亘丕賳賴 賲賳 丕噩賱: 丕賱鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 丕賲亘乇賷丕賱鬲賴 賵 丿賰鬲丕鬲賵乇賷鬲賴 賵 胤賲賵丨賴 丕賱夭丕賷丿
賮賷賱賯賷 賲丕乇賰 兀賳胤賵賳賷 禺胤亘鬲賴 賲賵囟丨丕 丕賳 賯賷氐乇 丕購睾鬲賷賱 睾丿乇丕賸 賱鬲亘丿兀 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱兀賴賱賷丞
賷賵賱賷賵爻 亘胤賱 賲丐孬乇 噩丿丕 賮賴賵 賱賲 賷馗賴乇 丕賱丕 賮賷 丕乇亘毓 賲卮丕賴丿 賲賳 鬲乇丕噩賷丿賷丕 鬲丨賲賱 丕爻賲賴 賻賵 卮賰爻亘賷乇 賱賲 賷鬲毓丕胤賮 賲毓賴 亘賱 丕亘乇夭 睾乇賵乇賴 賵 囟賷賯 丕賮賯賴貨 賵 亘丕賱睾 賮賷 丕亘乇丕夭 丨爻賳 賳賷丞 丕賱賲鬲丕賲乇賷賳 賵 賱賯賷 丨鬲賮賴 賮賷 賲賳鬲氐賮 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞
賰孬賷乇賵賳 賷丐賰丿賵賳 丕賳 丕賱賲兀爻丕丞 賲兀爻丕丞 亘乇賵鬲爻 賵 賴賵 丕賱亘胤賱 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賮賴賵 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷 丕賱卮乇賷賮 丕賱賳亘賷賱 丕賱匕賷 賵賯毓 賮賷 氐乇丕毓 賳賮爻賷 丨丕丿 亘毓丿 丕賯鬲賳丕毓賴 亘爻賲賵 丕爻亘丕亘 丕賱賲鬲丕賲乇賵賳 賵 賴匕丕 丕丿賷 亘亘賱丕丿賴 賱丨乇亘 丕賴賱賷丞貨 賵 丕丿賷 亘賴 賱賲氐賷乇 賲丐爻賮
賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇 賷毓鬲亘乇賴丕 丕賱賳賯丕丿 丕囟毓賮 丨賱賯丞 賮賷 丕賱孬賱丕孬賷丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 賱卮賰爻亘賷乇..
賵 賱賰賳賴丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賵賱賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 锟斤拷丿乇爻賴丕 賰丕賲賱丞 賱卮賰爻亘賷乇 亘丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞貨
賱匕賱賰 丕賳丨賮乇鬲 氐乇丕毓丕鬲賴丕 賮賷 匕賴賳賷 賵 賵噩丿鬲賳賷 賲賲夭賯丞 賲毓 亘乇賵鬲爻 賮賷 氐乇丕毓賴 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷 丕賱賯丿乇賷 丕賱禺丕爻乇貨 丕賱匕賷 賯丿 賷鬲賰乇乇 賲毓 賰賱 賲賳丕 賮賷 賲乇丨賱丞 賲丕 賲賳 丨賷丕鬲賳丕 丕賱亘丕卅爻丞
賵 賱賰賳 賮賱賳丨丕賵賱 丕賳 賳鬲噩賳亘 鬲亘乇賷乇 賯爻賵鬲賳丕貨 賱賳鬲噩賳亘 爻賲丕毓 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丕賱賲賵噩毓丞 丕賱丕卮賴乇
Et tu Brute?
丕匕賳 賮賱賷爻賯胤 賯賷氐乇
賰賲 賱禺氐鬲 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丕賱禺丕賱丿丞 亘賰賱賲丕鬲賴丕 丕賱爻亘毓 賵胤兀丞 丕賱禺賷丕賳丞 賵 孬賽賯賱 丕賱睾丿乇
賷鬲丌賲乇 毓丿丿 賲賳 賰亘丕乇 乇賵賲丕 毓賱賷 丕睾鬲賷丕賱 賷賵賱賷賵爻
賵 賷賯賳毓賵丕 亘乇賵鬲爻 乇亘賷亘賴 丕賱兀孬賷乇 亘賲卮丕乇賰鬲賴賲 賱氐丕賱丨 乇賵賲丕 丕賱毓丕賲貨 賵 亘丕賱賮毓賱 賷購睾鬲丕賱 賯賷氐乇 毓賱賷 丿乇噩丕鬲 賲噩賱爻 丕賱卮賷賵禺貨 賱賷爻賯胤 鬲丨鬲 鬲賲孬丕賱 亘賵賲亘賷 丕賱匕賷 賯鬲賱賴 賴賵 賳賮爻賴 賷賵賲丕 賲丕
賵 賷亘乇乇 丕賱賲鬲丕賲乇賵賳 丕睾鬲賷丕賱賴 亘丕賳賴 賲賳 丕噩賱: 丕賱鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 丕賲亘乇賷丕賱鬲賴 賵 丿賰鬲丕鬲賵乇賷鬲賴 賵 胤賲賵丨賴 丕賱夭丕賷丿
賮賷賱賯賷 賲丕乇賰 兀賳胤賵賳賷 禺胤亘鬲賴 賲賵囟丨丕 丕賳 賯賷氐乇 丕購睾鬲賷賱 睾丿乇丕賸 賱鬲亘丿兀 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱兀賴賱賷丞
賷賵賱賷賵爻 亘胤賱 賲丐孬乇 噩丿丕 賮賴賵 賱賲 賷馗賴乇 丕賱丕 賮賷 丕乇亘毓 賲卮丕賴丿 賲賳 鬲乇丕噩賷丿賷丕 鬲丨賲賱 丕爻賲賴 賻賵 卮賰爻亘賷乇 賱賲 賷鬲毓丕胤賮 賲毓賴 亘賱 丕亘乇夭 睾乇賵乇賴 賵 囟賷賯 丕賮賯賴貨 賵 亘丕賱睾 賮賷 丕亘乇丕夭 丨爻賳 賳賷丞 丕賱賲鬲丕賲乇賷賳 賵 賱賯賷 丨鬲賮賴 賮賷 賲賳鬲氐賮 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞
賰孬賷乇賵賳 賷丐賰丿賵賳 丕賳 丕賱賲兀爻丕丞 賲兀爻丕丞 亘乇賵鬲爻 賵 賴賵 丕賱亘胤賱 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賮賴賵 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷 丕賱卮乇賷賮 丕賱賳亘賷賱 丕賱匕賷 賵賯毓 賮賷 氐乇丕毓 賳賮爻賷 丨丕丿 亘毓丿 丕賯鬲賳丕毓賴 亘爻賲賵 丕爻亘丕亘 丕賱賲鬲丕賲乇賵賳 賵 賴匕丕 丕丿賷 亘亘賱丕丿賴 賱丨乇亘 丕賴賱賷丞貨 賵 丕丿賷 亘賴 賱賲氐賷乇 賲丐爻賮
賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇 賷毓鬲亘乇賴丕 丕賱賳賯丕丿 丕囟毓賮 丨賱賯丞 賮賷 丕賱孬賱丕孬賷丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 賱卮賰爻亘賷乇..
賵 賱賰賳賴丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賵賱賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 锟斤拷丿乇爻賴丕 賰丕賲賱丞 賱卮賰爻亘賷乇 亘丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞貨
賱匕賱賰 丕賳丨賮乇鬲 氐乇丕毓丕鬲賴丕 賮賷 匕賴賳賷 賵 賵噩丿鬲賳賷 賲賲夭賯丞 賲毓 亘乇賵鬲爻 賮賷 氐乇丕毓賴 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷 丕賱賯丿乇賷 丕賱禺丕爻乇貨 丕賱匕賷 賯丿 賷鬲賰乇乇 賲毓 賰賱 賲賳丕 賮賷 賲乇丨賱丞 賲丕 賲賳 丨賷丕鬲賳丕 丕賱亘丕卅爻丞
賵 賱賰賳 賮賱賳丨丕賵賱 丕賳 賳鬲噩賳亘 鬲亘乇賷乇 賯爻賵鬲賳丕貨 賱賳鬲噩賳亘 爻賲丕毓 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丕賱賲賵噩毓丞 丕賱丕卮賴乇
Et tu Brute?
August 3, 2017
Book Review
In 1599, published his famous tragic play, . In this tragedy, he explores the effect of power and trust across many characters, those who have it and those who are hungry for it. Several memorable lines originate in this play, offering guidance on how to go about building a network of friends and an army of enemies. Most readers are familiar with the story of vengeance and betrayal when it comes to Julius Caeser, and this is the central theme in Shakespeare's play. How do you know when you can truly trust someone? What happens when hearsay changes someone's mind? Who do you turn to when you've been betrayed by someone you thought was trustworthy. These are persistent motifs across literature for hundreds of years. As one of the original literary works focusing on it, this classic has set a high standard for using one's words versus using your physical prowess to convince someone to do something they might not normally consider doing. There are a lot of strong images and passages to re-read in this play, each giving you different slices of life and hearty challenges to dissect. Of all Shakespeare's plays, I'd put this one towards the top of most analyzed. It's worth a read and teaches you a bit about history, too.
About Me
For those new to me or my reviews... here's the scoop: I read A LOT. I write A LOT. And now I blog A LOT. First the book review goes on 欧宝娱乐, and then I send it on over to my WordPress blog at , where you'll also find TV & Film reviews, the revealing and introspective 365 Daily Challenge and lots of blogging about places I've visited all over the world. And you can find all my social media profiles to get the details on the who/what/when/where and my pictures. Leave a comment and let me know what you think. Vote in the poll and ratings. Thanks for stopping by.
In 1599, published his famous tragic play, . In this tragedy, he explores the effect of power and trust across many characters, those who have it and those who are hungry for it. Several memorable lines originate in this play, offering guidance on how to go about building a network of friends and an army of enemies. Most readers are familiar with the story of vengeance and betrayal when it comes to Julius Caeser, and this is the central theme in Shakespeare's play. How do you know when you can truly trust someone? What happens when hearsay changes someone's mind? Who do you turn to when you've been betrayed by someone you thought was trustworthy. These are persistent motifs across literature for hundreds of years. As one of the original literary works focusing on it, this classic has set a high standard for using one's words versus using your physical prowess to convince someone to do something they might not normally consider doing. There are a lot of strong images and passages to re-read in this play, each giving you different slices of life and hearty challenges to dissect. Of all Shakespeare's plays, I'd put this one towards the top of most analyzed. It's worth a read and teaches you a bit about history, too.
About Me
For those new to me or my reviews... here's the scoop: I read A LOT. I write A LOT. And now I blog A LOT. First the book review goes on 欧宝娱乐, and then I send it on over to my WordPress blog at , where you'll also find TV & Film reviews, the revealing and introspective 365 Daily Challenge and lots of blogging about places I've visited all over the world. And you can find all my social media profiles to get the details on the who/what/when/where and my pictures. Leave a comment and let me know what you think. Vote in the poll and ratings. Thanks for stopping by.
October 15, 2019
What a terrible era in which idiots govern the blind.
Here's the plot: a demagogue threatens democracy and his own allies in the Senate have to decide whether to remove him. So you can see why the Public Theater's minds went to recent events when they staged Julius Caesar in Central Park. Their version, set in modern times and featuring a familiar-looking Caesar, has made and I won't lie: the murder scene was disturbing to watch. Art often tries to be dangerous, but it rarely succeeds. This production, which we attended on its final weekend, felt dangerous.
no picture-taking was allowed so these are media images - you'll have to take my word for it that I was there
But "Alas," protesters outside, "Thou hast misconstrued everything." The knives are metaphors. We're talking about the dangers of tyranny here. The central question of the play is, were the conspirators right to remove Caesar? And Shakespeare, who, let's not forget, was paid by kings to play for kings, isn't exactly antiauthoritarian. You should not expect him to endorse kingslaying, and he doesn't.
"As he was valiant," says Brutus, "I honor him. But as he was ambitious, I slew him." And how ambitious was he? Was Brutus right to fear for democracy? There's a key scene that answers that question. In it, Caesar, who "would not be a wolf / but that he sees the Romans are but sheep," is offered a crown, three times, and refuses it. The smartest person in Rome, Cicero, then gives a brilliant speech. And here's the funny (and quintessentially Shakespearean thing) about that scene: we don't see it. It's narrated to us by Casca, a conspirator, who tells us that he thinks Caesar was just holding out for a better crown. And that speech by Cicero? Well, it was in Greek. Casca didn't understand a word of it. The famous phrase, "It was Greek to me," represents Shakespeare allowing you to decide.
you're about two minutes from seeing this guy's junk
But whether he was a tyrant or not, certainly the result of his removal is chaos. No one wins. What happens after Caesar is another Caesar - Octavius, his adopted son, depicted in Central Park wearing (of course) a dorky flak jacket. He and Marc Antony go to war against the conspirators; Brutus and Cassius by the end nothing has really changed. Once Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon with his army - we're talking about history here, not just Shakespeare - democracy in Rome never recovered. When you ask, "How can we protect democracy? Is it by taking extreme measures to remove the threat? Or should we hope our government can survive him on its own?" Shakespeare answers: if you're asking the question, you've already lost.
Bummer that we couldn't have watched this play a couple years ago, then. 鈥淗ow many ages hence," asks Cassius, "Shall this our lofty scene be acted over, / In states unborn and accents yet unknown!鈥� and you're like I don't know, hopefully just one more?
Here's the plot: a demagogue threatens democracy and his own allies in the Senate have to decide whether to remove him. So you can see why the Public Theater's minds went to recent events when they staged Julius Caesar in Central Park. Their version, set in modern times and featuring a familiar-looking Caesar, has made and I won't lie: the murder scene was disturbing to watch. Art often tries to be dangerous, but it rarely succeeds. This production, which we attended on its final weekend, felt dangerous.
no picture-taking was allowed so these are media images - you'll have to take my word for it that I was there
But "Alas," protesters outside, "Thou hast misconstrued everything." The knives are metaphors. We're talking about the dangers of tyranny here. The central question of the play is, were the conspirators right to remove Caesar? And Shakespeare, who, let's not forget, was paid by kings to play for kings, isn't exactly antiauthoritarian. You should not expect him to endorse kingslaying, and he doesn't.
"As he was valiant," says Brutus, "I honor him. But as he was ambitious, I slew him." And how ambitious was he? Was Brutus right to fear for democracy? There's a key scene that answers that question. In it, Caesar, who "would not be a wolf / but that he sees the Romans are but sheep," is offered a crown, three times, and refuses it. The smartest person in Rome, Cicero, then gives a brilliant speech. And here's the funny (and quintessentially Shakespearean thing) about that scene: we don't see it. It's narrated to us by Casca, a conspirator, who tells us that he thinks Caesar was just holding out for a better crown. And that speech by Cicero? Well, it was in Greek. Casca didn't understand a word of it. The famous phrase, "It was Greek to me," represents Shakespeare allowing you to decide.
you're about two minutes from seeing this guy's junk
But whether he was a tyrant or not, certainly the result of his removal is chaos. No one wins. What happens after Caesar is another Caesar - Octavius, his adopted son, depicted in Central Park wearing (of course) a dorky flak jacket. He and Marc Antony go to war against the conspirators; Brutus and Cassius by the end nothing has really changed. Once Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon with his army - we're talking about history here, not just Shakespeare - democracy in Rome never recovered. When you ask, "How can we protect democracy? Is it by taking extreme measures to remove the threat? Or should we hope our government can survive him on its own?" Shakespeare answers: if you're asking the question, you've already lost.
Bummer that we couldn't have watched this play a couple years ago, then. 鈥淗ow many ages hence," asks Cassius, "Shall this our lofty scene be acted over, / In states unborn and accents yet unknown!鈥� and you're like I don't know, hopefully just one more?
March 6, 2016
The juxtaposition that Shakespeare brings forward in this historical play, which resembles a tragedy in textual tonality and structure, is the double-edged facets, the private and the public, that coexist in Julius Caesar, the quintessential dictator.
The ruler鈥檚 weaknesses show unobstructed in his private life.
Irascible, proud and vulnerable to superstition, the Caesar ignores the voice of fate represented by the Soothsayer that tries to warn him against the surges of unrest that pervade in the fatidic 15th, the Ides of March, the date of his assassination.
But are the personal defects of the Caesar reason enough to murder him?
Do they really threaten the hegemony of the Roman Empire?
Or are the conspirators spurred by envy, or even, misled by their self-imposed sense of justice?
Can the tormentor become the victim?
The collision between high idealism and pragmatism, corruption and politics, reason and irrational expectations, and the recurrent theme of preordained fate versus free will sets the frame for the characters to unfold Shakespeare鈥檚 unyielding grasp of the ambiguity 鈥搊r the twisted nature?- that defines human nature.
Brutus鈥� noble intentions prove to be nothing more than an unequivocal desire for power and validation. His urge to simplify events ignores the fact that both people and actions are never wholly right or wrong; that one should adapt to the countless tonalities of life, that one should sometimes suspend judgment.
Cassius鈥� ambition invalidates him as a valid, fair leader and Marc-Antony鈥檚 loyalty is but a dull reflection of the gullibility of the populace, an undistinguishable mass of fervent venerators that can easily be transformed into a barbarous mob.
Only Octavius complies with the unspoken requisites to become Julius鈥� successor. With a rather lukewarm temperament, he appears almost impersonal, detached and oblivious to emotional strife.
Is maybe Shakespeare implying that the popular man, the leader, is but a 鈥淗ollow Man鈥�, a stuffed creature, whose public image serves to disguise his true personality? What is there to hide about mankind that can鈥檛 stand the glance of common citizens? Where is his true spirit left to wander about?
Shakespeare鈥檚 version of the downfall of Julius Caesar is a quiet, subversive text where there is little space for his usual puns, wordplay and fast witted dialogue. The somewhat direct style distinguishes this play from the others I have read, which might be an attempt to create a language that presents no barriers to understanding, transcends genre, narrative, context and challenges preconceived notions about history; and ultimately, about the person who unobtrusively stares back at us in the mirror every morning of our undistinguishable lives.
Words are glowing ambers that lead to ourselves, that lead us to merely being.
Caesar鈥檚 might be ancient history, but ours, which is his, and Shakespeare鈥檚, is not.
鈥淩emember us 鈥搃f at all- not as lost
Violent souls, but only
As the hollow men
The stuffed men.鈥�
T.S. Eliot, 鈥淭he Hollow Men鈥�
The ruler鈥檚 weaknesses show unobstructed in his private life.
Irascible, proud and vulnerable to superstition, the Caesar ignores the voice of fate represented by the Soothsayer that tries to warn him against the surges of unrest that pervade in the fatidic 15th, the Ides of March, the date of his assassination.
But are the personal defects of the Caesar reason enough to murder him?
Do they really threaten the hegemony of the Roman Empire?
Or are the conspirators spurred by envy, or even, misled by their self-imposed sense of justice?
Can the tormentor become the victim?
The collision between high idealism and pragmatism, corruption and politics, reason and irrational expectations, and the recurrent theme of preordained fate versus free will sets the frame for the characters to unfold Shakespeare鈥檚 unyielding grasp of the ambiguity 鈥搊r the twisted nature?- that defines human nature.
Brutus鈥� noble intentions prove to be nothing more than an unequivocal desire for power and validation. His urge to simplify events ignores the fact that both people and actions are never wholly right or wrong; that one should adapt to the countless tonalities of life, that one should sometimes suspend judgment.
Cassius鈥� ambition invalidates him as a valid, fair leader and Marc-Antony鈥檚 loyalty is but a dull reflection of the gullibility of the populace, an undistinguishable mass of fervent venerators that can easily be transformed into a barbarous mob.
Only Octavius complies with the unspoken requisites to become Julius鈥� successor. With a rather lukewarm temperament, he appears almost impersonal, detached and oblivious to emotional strife.
Is maybe Shakespeare implying that the popular man, the leader, is but a 鈥淗ollow Man鈥�, a stuffed creature, whose public image serves to disguise his true personality? What is there to hide about mankind that can鈥檛 stand the glance of common citizens? Where is his true spirit left to wander about?
Shakespeare鈥檚 version of the downfall of Julius Caesar is a quiet, subversive text where there is little space for his usual puns, wordplay and fast witted dialogue. The somewhat direct style distinguishes this play from the others I have read, which might be an attempt to create a language that presents no barriers to understanding, transcends genre, narrative, context and challenges preconceived notions about history; and ultimately, about the person who unobtrusively stares back at us in the mirror every morning of our undistinguishable lives.
Words are glowing ambers that lead to ourselves, that lead us to merely being.
Caesar鈥檚 might be ancient history, but ours, which is his, and Shakespeare鈥檚, is not.
鈥淩emember us 鈥搃f at all- not as lost
Violent souls, but only
As the hollow men
The stuffed men.鈥�
T.S. Eliot, 鈥淭he Hollow Men鈥�
April 30, 2022
脠 la prima volta che leggo un testo teatrale e, sinceramente, non pensavo che mi sarebbe piaciuto cos矛 tanto.
Siamo abituati a leggere solo una versione della storia dell'assassinio di Giulio Cesare ma Shakespeare ha preferito dare voce ai suoi cospiratori dove non tenta di giustificarli o di condannarli ma ce li fa conoscere come uomini, con i loro ideali, i loro valori ma anche con i loro difetti.
脠 un libro molto scorrevole e con un linguaggio non troppo complicato, la traduzione secondo me 猫 anche abbastanza buona ma non essendo traduttrice non posso giudicarla con oggettivit脿.
Ho apprezzato la numerosa mole di personaggi presenti, secondari e non.
Siamo abituati a leggere solo una versione della storia dell'assassinio di Giulio Cesare ma Shakespeare ha preferito dare voce ai suoi cospiratori dove non tenta di giustificarli o di condannarli ma ce li fa conoscere come uomini, con i loro ideali, i loro valori ma anche con i loro difetti.
脠 un libro molto scorrevole e con un linguaggio non troppo complicato, la traduzione secondo me 猫 anche abbastanza buona ma non essendo traduttrice non posso giudicarla con oggettivit脿.
Ho apprezzato la numerosa mole di personaggi presenti, secondari e non.
May 11, 2022
丨鬲賷 丕賳鬲 賷丕 亘乇賵鬲爻
丕匕賳 賮賱賷爻賯胤 賯賷氐乇
賰賲 賱禺氐鬲 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丕賱禺丕賱丿丞 亘賰賱賲丕鬲賴丕 丕賱爻亘毓 賵胤兀丞 丕賱禺賷丕賳丞 賵 孬賽賯賱 丕賱睾丿乇
賷鬲丌賲乇 毓丿丿 賲賳 賰亘丕乇 乇賵賲丕 毓賱賷 丕睾鬲賷丕賱 賷賵賱賷賵爻
賵 賷賯賳毓賵丕 亘乇賵鬲爻 乇亘賷亘賴 丕賱兀孬賷乇 亘賲卮丕乇賰鬲賴賲 賱氐丕賱丨 乇賵賲丕 丕賱毓丕賲貨 賵 亘丕賱賮毓賱 賷購睾鬲丕賱 賯賷氐乇 毓賱賷 丿乇噩丕鬲 賲噩賱爻 丕賱卮賷賵禺貨 賱賷爻賯胤 鬲丨鬲 鬲賲孬丕賱 亘賵賲亘賷 丕賱匕賷 賯鬲賱賴 賴賵 賳賮爻賴 賷賵賲丕 賲丕
賵 賷亘乇乇 丕賱賲鬲丕賲乇賵賳 丕睾鬲賷丕賱賴 亘丕賳賴 賲賳 丕噩賱: 丕賱鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 丕賲亘乇賷丕賱鬲賴 賵 丿賰鬲丕鬲賵乇賷鬲賴 賵 胤賲賵丨賴 丕賱夭丕賷丿
賮賷賱賯賷 賲丕乇賰 兀賳胤賵賳賷 禺胤亘鬲賴 賲賵囟丨丕 丕賳 賯賷氐乇 丕購睾鬲賷賱 睾丿乇丕賸 賱鬲亘丿兀 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱兀賴賱賷丞
賷賵賱賷賵爻 亘胤賱 賲丐孬乇 噩丿丕 賮賴賵 賱賲 賷馗賴乇 丕賱丕 賮賷 丕乇亘毓 賲卮丕賴丿 賲賳 鬲乇丕噩賷丿賷丕 鬲丨賲賱 丕爻賲賴 賻賵 卮賰爻亘賷乇 賱賲 賷鬲毓丕胤賮 賲毓賴 亘賱 丕亘乇夭 睾乇賵乇賴 賵 囟賷賯 丕賮賯賴貨 賵 亘丕賱睾 賮賷 丕亘乇丕夭 丨爻賳 賳賷丞 丕賱賲鬲丕賲乇賷賳 賵 賱賯賷 丨鬲賮賴 賮賷 賲賳鬲氐賮 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞
賰孬賷乇賵賳 賷丐賰丿賵賳 丕賳 丕賱賲兀爻丕丞 賲兀爻丕丞 亘乇賵鬲爻 賵 賴賵 丕賱亘胤賱 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賮賴賵 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷 丕賱卮乇賷賮 丕賱賳亘賷賱 丕賱匕賷 賵賯毓 賮賷 氐乇丕毓 賳賮爻賷 丨丕丿 亘毓丿 丕賯鬲賳丕毓賴 亘爻賲賵 丕爻亘丕亘 丕賱賲鬲丕賲乇賵賳 賵 賴匕丕 丕丿賷 亘亘賱丕丿賴 賱丨乇亘 丕賴賱賷丞貨 賵 丕丿賷 亘賴 賱賲氐賷乇 賲丐爻賮
賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇 賷毓鬲亘乇賴丕 丕賱賳賯丕丿 丕囟毓賮 丨賱賯丞 賮賷 丕賱孬賱丕孬賷丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 賱卮賰爻亘賷乇..
賵 賱賰賳賴丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賵賱賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 丕丿乇爻賴丕 賰丕賲賱丞 賱卮賰爻亘賷乇 亘丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞貨
賱匕賱賰 丕賳丨賮乇鬲 氐乇丕毓丕鬲賴丕 賮賷 匕賴賳賷 賵 賵噩丿鬲賳賷 賲賲夭賯丞 賲毓 亘乇賵鬲爻 賮賷 氐乇丕毓賴 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷 丕賱賯丿乇賷 丕賱禺丕爻乇貨 丕賱匕賷 賯丿 賷鬲賰乇乇 賲毓 賰賱 賲賳丕 賮賷 賲乇丨賱丞 賲丕 賲賳 丨賷丕鬲賳丕 丕賱亘丕卅爻丞
賵 賱賰賳 賮賱賳丨丕賵賱 丕賳 賳鬲噩賳亘 鬲亘乇賷乇 賯爻賵鬲賳丕 貨 賱賳鬲噩賳亘 爻賲丕毓 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丕賱賲賵噩毓丞 丕賱丕卮賴乇
Et tu Brute?
丕匕賳 賮賱賷爻賯胤 賯賷氐乇
賰賲 賱禺氐鬲 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丕賱禺丕賱丿丞 亘賰賱賲丕鬲賴丕 丕賱爻亘毓 賵胤兀丞 丕賱禺賷丕賳丞 賵 孬賽賯賱 丕賱睾丿乇
賷鬲丌賲乇 毓丿丿 賲賳 賰亘丕乇 乇賵賲丕 毓賱賷 丕睾鬲賷丕賱 賷賵賱賷賵爻
賵 賷賯賳毓賵丕 亘乇賵鬲爻 乇亘賷亘賴 丕賱兀孬賷乇 亘賲卮丕乇賰鬲賴賲 賱氐丕賱丨 乇賵賲丕 丕賱毓丕賲貨 賵 亘丕賱賮毓賱 賷購睾鬲丕賱 賯賷氐乇 毓賱賷 丿乇噩丕鬲 賲噩賱爻 丕賱卮賷賵禺貨 賱賷爻賯胤 鬲丨鬲 鬲賲孬丕賱 亘賵賲亘賷 丕賱匕賷 賯鬲賱賴 賴賵 賳賮爻賴 賷賵賲丕 賲丕
賵 賷亘乇乇 丕賱賲鬲丕賲乇賵賳 丕睾鬲賷丕賱賴 亘丕賳賴 賲賳 丕噩賱: 丕賱鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 丕賲亘乇賷丕賱鬲賴 賵 丿賰鬲丕鬲賵乇賷鬲賴 賵 胤賲賵丨賴 丕賱夭丕賷丿
賮賷賱賯賷 賲丕乇賰 兀賳胤賵賳賷 禺胤亘鬲賴 賲賵囟丨丕 丕賳 賯賷氐乇 丕購睾鬲賷賱 睾丿乇丕賸 賱鬲亘丿兀 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱兀賴賱賷丞
賷賵賱賷賵爻 亘胤賱 賲丐孬乇 噩丿丕 賮賴賵 賱賲 賷馗賴乇 丕賱丕 賮賷 丕乇亘毓 賲卮丕賴丿 賲賳 鬲乇丕噩賷丿賷丕 鬲丨賲賱 丕爻賲賴 賻賵 卮賰爻亘賷乇 賱賲 賷鬲毓丕胤賮 賲毓賴 亘賱 丕亘乇夭 睾乇賵乇賴 賵 囟賷賯 丕賮賯賴貨 賵 亘丕賱睾 賮賷 丕亘乇丕夭 丨爻賳 賳賷丞 丕賱賲鬲丕賲乇賷賳 賵 賱賯賷 丨鬲賮賴 賮賷 賲賳鬲氐賮 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞
賰孬賷乇賵賳 賷丐賰丿賵賳 丕賳 丕賱賲兀爻丕丞 賲兀爻丕丞 亘乇賵鬲爻 賵 賴賵 丕賱亘胤賱 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賮賴賵 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷 丕賱卮乇賷賮 丕賱賳亘賷賱 丕賱匕賷 賵賯毓 賮賷 氐乇丕毓 賳賮爻賷 丨丕丿 亘毓丿 丕賯鬲賳丕毓賴 亘爻賲賵 丕爻亘丕亘 丕賱賲鬲丕賲乇賵賳 賵 賴匕丕 丕丿賷 亘亘賱丕丿賴 賱丨乇亘 丕賴賱賷丞貨 賵 丕丿賷 亘賴 賱賲氐賷乇 賲丐爻賮
賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇 賷毓鬲亘乇賴丕 丕賱賳賯丕丿 丕囟毓賮 丨賱賯丞 賮賷 丕賱孬賱丕孬賷丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷丞 賱卮賰爻亘賷乇..
賵 賱賰賳賴丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賵賱賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 丕丿乇爻賴丕 賰丕賲賱丞 賱卮賰爻亘賷乇 亘丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱廿賳噩賱賷夭賷丞 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞貨
賱匕賱賰 丕賳丨賮乇鬲 氐乇丕毓丕鬲賴丕 賮賷 匕賴賳賷 賵 賵噩丿鬲賳賷 賲賲夭賯丞 賲毓 亘乇賵鬲爻 賮賷 氐乇丕毓賴 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷 丕賱賯丿乇賷 丕賱禺丕爻乇貨 丕賱匕賷 賯丿 賷鬲賰乇乇 賲毓 賰賱 賲賳丕 賮賷 賲乇丨賱丞 賲丕 賲賳 丨賷丕鬲賳丕 丕賱亘丕卅爻丞
賵 賱賰賳 賮賱賳丨丕賵賱 丕賳 賳鬲噩賳亘 鬲亘乇賷乇 賯爻賵鬲賳丕 貨 賱賳鬲噩賳亘 爻賲丕毓 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩賲賱丞 丕賱賲賵噩毓丞 丕賱丕卮賴乇
Et tu Brute?
August 19, 2024
[Read in Spanish] -- [Rese帽a en espa帽ol m谩s abajo]
I am happily surprised! According to my previous reviews, I have always said that I don't like theatre plays adapted to books because I can't understand its vocabulary since it is too difficult for me... but oh well, it is a theatre play, not a book. However, this play/book is an exception. I liked it a lot anddespite being a theatre play, I completely enjoyed it from the beginning to the end.
I was surprised that this play's title was not 100% about Julius Caesar. Even is they talk about him, there are characters who have a bigger role, such as Brutus and Casius. I should add that the dialogues are simple to understand,the story (or book) is not long, but enough to be very enjoyable. It's easy to follow thestory and also get interested about the characters, which for me is essential when I read a book.
I totally recommend it, and as such, it is possible to have a look at the historical context regarding Julis Caesar, which is always important. The play and the book are completely approved by me.
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隆Estoy gratamente sorprendido! Acorde a mis cr铆ticas de libros anteriores, siempre he dicho que no me gustan las obras de teatro llevadas a libros porque no se entiende muy bien debido a que el vocabulario es distinto y bueno... mal que mal, es una obra de teatro, no un libro. Sin embargo, esta obra/libro es una excepci贸n. Me gust贸 mucho, y a pesar de ser una obra teatral, la disfrut茅 plenamente de principio a fin.
Me llam贸 la atenci贸n que el t铆tulo de esta obra efectivamente no se tratara 100% de Julio C茅sar. Si bien se habla de 茅l, hay personajes que tienen un rol mayor, como el caso de Bruto y Casio. Debo agregar que los di谩logos son simples de entender, la historia (o el libro) no es larga, pero lo suficiente como para disfrutarlo a pleno. Es f谩cil seguir la historia y tambi茅n meterse dentro de los personajes, lo que para m铆 es fundamental a la hora de leer un libro.
Lo recomiendo totalmente, y as铆 tambi茅n se le hecha un vistazo al contexto hist贸rico de Julio C茅sar, que nunca est谩 dem谩s. Obra y libro totalmente aprobados.
I am happily surprised! According to my previous reviews, I have always said that I don't like theatre plays adapted to books because I can't understand its vocabulary since it is too difficult for me... but oh well, it is a theatre play, not a book. However, this play/book is an exception. I liked it a lot anddespite being a theatre play, I completely enjoyed it from the beginning to the end.
I was surprised that this play's title was not 100% about Julius Caesar. Even is they talk about him, there are characters who have a bigger role, such as Brutus and Casius. I should add that the dialogues are simple to understand,the story (or book) is not long, but enough to be very enjoyable. It's easy to follow thestory and also get interested about the characters, which for me is essential when I read a book.
I totally recommend it, and as such, it is possible to have a look at the historical context regarding Julis Caesar, which is always important. The play and the book are completely approved by me.
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隆Estoy gratamente sorprendido! Acorde a mis cr铆ticas de libros anteriores, siempre he dicho que no me gustan las obras de teatro llevadas a libros porque no se entiende muy bien debido a que el vocabulario es distinto y bueno... mal que mal, es una obra de teatro, no un libro. Sin embargo, esta obra/libro es una excepci贸n. Me gust贸 mucho, y a pesar de ser una obra teatral, la disfrut茅 plenamente de principio a fin.
Me llam贸 la atenci贸n que el t铆tulo de esta obra efectivamente no se tratara 100% de Julio C茅sar. Si bien se habla de 茅l, hay personajes que tienen un rol mayor, como el caso de Bruto y Casio. Debo agregar que los di谩logos son simples de entender, la historia (o el libro) no es larga, pero lo suficiente como para disfrutarlo a pleno. Es f谩cil seguir la historia y tambi茅n meterse dentro de los personajes, lo que para m铆 es fundamental a la hora de leer un libro.
Lo recomiendo totalmente, y as铆 tambi茅n se le hecha un vistazo al contexto hist贸rico de Julio C茅sar, que nunca est谩 dem谩s. Obra y libro totalmente aprobados.
March 15, 2024
Julius Caesar鈥檚 tragedy is so closely bound up with that of his friend-turned-assassin Brutus that perhaps William Shakespeare should have titled this play Caesar and Brutus. His 1599 play鈥檚 title, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, draws the reader's or playgoer's focus to one of history鈥檚 truly seminal moments: Caesar鈥檚 assassination on March 15 (鈥渢he Ides of March鈥�) in the year 44 B.C. Yet for all the title鈥檚 focus on Caesar alone, Shakespeare鈥檚 Julius Caesar is very much a twinned tragedy, with not one but two tragic heroes following the Aristotelian cycle of hubris (fatal character flaw), hamartia (fatal decision), and anagnorisis (the hero's after-the-fall recognition of their place in the cosmos). And it is a play that gains further resonance from considering the English historical context within which Shakespeare lived and wrote.
Virtually all the members of Shakespeare鈥檚 audience, whether educated or not, would know that Julius Caesar was a famous Roman general and politician who was assassinated. Accordingly, the play abounds with situational irony from its very beginnings, when a soothsayer tells Caesar, 鈥淏eware the Ides of March.鈥� Caesar dismisses the soothsayer鈥檚 warnings 鈥� 鈥淗e is a dreamer. Peace; let us leave him鈥� 鈥� and 400 years鈥� worth of audiences have been shaking their heads ever since, as they witness Caesar鈥檚 refusal to listen to the soothsayer鈥檚 warnings.
Yet Caesar鈥檚 impending demise is not strictly a matter of one鈥檚 fate being set like stone and visible in the stars. Human action and choice have much to do with it as well. The Roman senator Gaius Cassius Longinus (hereafter simply 鈥淐assius鈥�), a leader of the nascent conspiracy against Caesar, seeks to persuade his brother-in-law and fellow senator Marcus Junius Brutus (hereafter simply 鈥淏rutus鈥�) to join the conspiracy. As Brutus has an established reputation for honourable behaviour, Cassius knows that Brutus would be a most helpful addition to the conspiracy.
In his blandishments toward Brutus, Cassius sarcastically compares Caesar with the Colossus of Rhodes 鈥� 鈥渉e doth bestride the narrow world/Like a Colossus鈥� 鈥� and asks, 鈥淯pon what meat does this our Caesar feed/That he is grown so great?鈥� For Cassius, the failure of Romans to rise up against Caesar's kingly pretension is a sign that the republic's old virtues are dying out: 鈥淭he fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars,/But in ourselves, that we are underlings.鈥� One senses at once that Cassius鈥� motives for wanting to assassinate Caesar are, at least in part, personal rather than 鈥減atriotic.鈥�
It is a tense time in Rome; strange phenomena manifest themselves in the streets. Acclaimed by the people after all his military victories, Caesar seems poised to become king of a Roman Republic where 鈥渒ing鈥� has been a dirty word ever since Tarquin the Proud, the last king of Rome, was deposed in 509 B.C. (and by an ancestor of Brutus at that). Caesar makes a show of refusing the crown, but not a very convincing one. In this menacing setting, wise people keep their own counsel. The great orator Cicero, whom the conspirators vainly hope to lure into their ranks, slyly dismisses both Caesar's denying-the-crown charade and the conspirators鈥� blandishments by speaking in Greek; and future conspirator Casca, evidently a unilingual Roman, can only say that "it was Greek to me."
Julius Caesar himself harbours some feelings of distrust toward Cassius, saying to his loyal lieutenant Mark Antony early in the play that 鈥淵on Cassius has a lean and hungry look鈥� and adding, 鈥淟et me have men about me that are fat鈥�. Yet he does not act on those feelings of distrust; rather, he spends much of the play concerned with living up to his public image for matchless courage. When he dismisses any talk of danger against himself by saying things like 鈥淒anger knows full well/That Caesar is more dangerous than he./We are two lions littered in one day,/And I the elder and more terrible鈥�, or 鈥淐owards die many times before their deaths;/The valiant never taste of death but once鈥�, he may be saying what he thinks 鈥� or he could be acting in accordance with his public persona, saying what he knows he is expected to say. Roman society did not differentiate between the public and the private person, and Caesar seems only too aware that he must look, act, and sound like a Caesar at all times. His need to live up to his public persona eventually leads to his demise.
Similarly, Brutus puts his public self before his private self; he talks himself into becoming an assassin by persuading himself that he can do so in a manner that will be congruent with his well-known reputation for honourable behaviour. Reminding himself that 鈥淚 know no personal cause to spurn at [Caesar]鈥�, Brutus states that saving the Roman Republic "must be by [Caesar鈥檚] death." Considering (as Cassius has taken pains to remind him) that his ancestor, another Brutus, dethroned the last king of Rome 500 years before, Brutus succumbs to his own form of hubris or fatal pride that leads him to a moment of fatal decision or hamartia. Once he joins with the conspirators, he has set himself in a path that will lead him to destruction.
On the same sort of path to self-destruction walks Julius Caesar, who turns down repeated chances to avoid his premature demise. A soothsayer tells Caesar, not once but twice, 鈥淏eware the Ides of March.鈥� Caesar disregards him; like Cassandra at Troy, and Teiresias with Oedipus and Creon in Sophocles鈥� plays, the soothsayer鈥檚 fate is to know the sad future and not really be able to do anything about it. Calpurnia, kneeling before Caesar, relates to him her dreams of a statue of Caesar bleeding from a hundred wounds; but when one of the assassination plotters suggests that Caesar鈥檚 failure to appear before the Senate will make Caesar seem afraid, Calpurnia鈥檚 pleas are in vain. And then there is Artemidorus of Cnidos, a Greek rhetorician, who knows of the plot and desperately tries to give a letter of warning to Caesar before Caesar enters the Forum;, Caesar refuses the letter, and walks on toward his bloody fate.
The conspirators lay hands upon Caesar in front of the Capitol, begging pardon for an exiled Roman nobleman. Caesar refuses their pleas, speaking of himself in the third person (as is his wont): 鈥淜now: Caesar doth not wrong, nor without cause/Will he be satisfied.鈥� On that note, the assassins draw their weapons. Shakespeare鈥檚 dying Caesar looks to Brutus and says, 鈥淓t tu, Brut猫? [You, too, Brutus?] 鈥� Then fall Caesar!鈥� In fact, Shakespeare鈥檚 education in Stratford-upon-Avon involved Latin translations of Greek texts. What Caesar actually said was, 鈥溛何贬蕉 蟽峤�, 蟿苇魏谓慰谓;鈥� 鈥� "Kai su, teknon?" or 鈥淓ven you, my son?鈥� in Greek, the language of court and diplomacy and educated people. No matter. It is still one of the most moving death scenes in literature.
With Caesar dead, the true moral nature of this act of assassination begins to reveal itself. The popular Roman philosophical schools of the time, like Epicurian and Stoic philosophy, all emphasized balance; and the way in which the conspirators have lost their moral balance shows through clearly when Brutus urges his fellow assassins to join him in bathing their arms, up to the elbows, in the blood of the murdered Caesar 鈥� in order to show the Roman people that everything鈥檚 fine and this was a perfectly reasonable thing to do! Really? Really?
As the conspirators do Caesar鈥檚 bidding, bathing their hands and swords in Caesar鈥檚 blood, Cassius muses: 鈥淗ow many ages hence/Shall this our lofty scene be acted over/In states unborn and accents yet unknown!鈥� Brutus agrees 鈥� 鈥淗ow many times shall Caesar bleed in sport鈥�. Imagining themselves as the stars of a play, Brutus and Cassius have clearly lost all sense of balance and proportion 鈥� even if they are correct that Caesar鈥檚 death shall 鈥渂e acted over鈥� many times 鈥� including in cinema, with actors like Charlton Heston, James Mason, Marlon Brando, John Gielgud, Greer Garson, Deborah Kerr, Jason Robards, Robert Vaughn, Richard Chamberlain, Diana Rigg, and Christopher Lee (who makes an impressive Artemidorus).
When Mark Antony finds the conspirators with the body of Caesar, he is filled with outrage at the murder of his friend. Yet he is surrounded by armed conspirators, and he knows that if he is to outlive the Ides of March, he must play his cards carefully. He expresses a certain measure of astonishment that Caesar can lie dead like other men 鈥� 鈥淥 mighty Caesar, dost thou lie so low?/Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils/Shrunk to this little measure?鈥�
Antony鈥檚 affection for his dead friend and mentor comes through clearly as he addresses the corpse of Caesar, saying, 鈥淭hou art the ruins of the noblest man/That ever lived in the tide of times.鈥� Yet he persuades the assassins that he recognizes the necessity of what they have done; and only when he is alone does he make clear that he wants to see the assassins punished, imagining that the spirit of the murdered Caesar will 鈥淐ry 鈥楬avoc!鈥� and let slip the dogs of war鈥�. To cry 鈥淗avoc,鈥� in those times, meant a declaration of no quarter, of war to the knife. It is a grim prophecy of the bloody events that will soon unfold.
The conspirators hope to bring about a peaceful transition of power. Brutus addresses the distressed plebeians of Rome, speaking to the crowd in accordance with his public image as a man of principle, whose commitment to the ideals of republican government is genuine led him to the act of assassination. 鈥淩omans, countrymen, and lovers,鈥� he begins, 鈥渉ear me for my cause.鈥� He assures his listeners that he acted strictly out of principle; it was 鈥淣ot that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.鈥�
So far, from the conspirators鈥� point of view, so good; but then Mark Antony flips the script. Antony, Caesar鈥檚 loyal lieutenant, has so successfully concealed his true emotions at Caesar鈥檚 death that Brutus unwisely allows him to address the crowd of plebeians. Once again, fatal pride on Brutus鈥� part 鈥� assuming that he can read Antony鈥檚 character 鈥� leads toward a fatal decision that will contribute toward his downfall.
鈥淔riends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears鈥�, Antony says to the crowd. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him./The evil that men do lives after them;/The good is oft interred with their bones.鈥� Yet praise Caesar is exactly what Antony does. In response to the charges that Caesar was acting out of an ambition to be a king of Rome, Antony points out Caesar鈥檚 repeated acts of generosity toward the Roman people, and suggests that 鈥淎mbition should be made of sterner stuff.鈥� He weeps as he declares that if any Roman fails to mourn for Caesar, then 鈥淥 judgment, thou art fled to brutish beasts,/And men have lost their reason.鈥� The crowd starts to turn away from Brutus鈥� point of view, and toward Antony鈥檚.
Having shifted the tactical balance of power in terms of popularity before the Roman people, Antony then, rhetorically speaking, goes in for the kill. He holds up Caesar鈥檚 bloodied robes, pointing out where each conspirator鈥檚 blade pierced Caesar鈥檚 body, and particularly where Brutus struck Caesar with 鈥渢he most unkindest cut of all.鈥� Sarcastically, Antony reminds the crowd over and over again that if Brutus sanctioned this act of assassination, it must somehow be okay, because 鈥淏rutus is an honourable man.鈥� It is an inspired bit of demagoguery, and it works; by the time Antony is done, the crowd of plebeians who had been acclaiming the conspirators are instead calling for their heads.
From that point, it is a short journey toward yet another Roman civil war 鈥� Brutus and Cassius lead one side; Antony, the future emperor Octavian, and Lepidus lead the other. In a classic Shakespearean pattern, violence with a target leads to untargeted violence in which innocents die. The conspirators are divided by their own differences, and their side lurches toward defeat. Brutus can declare that 鈥淭here is a tide in the affairs of men/Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune鈥�; but it is clear enough that the tides of fortune have turned against Brutus鈥� and Cassius鈥� side 鈥� even before the ghost of Caesar appears to Brutus, identifies himself as 鈥淭hy evil spirit, Brutus鈥�, and assures Brutus that 鈥渢hou shalt see me at Philippi.鈥�
At the end, Brutus knows that his dream of restoring the republic through violence has failed. Hearing of the suicide of a fellow leader of his own side, he reflects that 鈥淥 Julius Caesar, thou art mighty yet;/Thy spirit walks abroad and turns our swords/In our own proper entrails.鈥� His beloved wife Portia 鈥� who, earlier in the play, knelt before Brutus as Calpurnia knelt before Caesar, in another linkage between the characters of Caesar and Brutus 鈥� has taken her own life, and in a particularly horrifying way.
For Brutus, there is only the cold comfort of recalling the loyalty of fallen allies, along with the expression of a hope that 鈥淚 shall have glory by this losing day/More than Octavius and Mark Antony/By this vile conquest shall attain unto.鈥� Running himself upon his own sword, Brutus dies with the words, 鈥淐aesar, now be still./I killed not thee with half so good a will.鈥�
And once Brutus has taken his own life, it is left to Antony, his erstwhile adversary, to speak generously of Brutus in death: 鈥淭his was the noblest Roman of them all鈥�/His life was gentle, and the elements/So mixed in him that nature might stand up/And say to all the world, 鈥楾his was a man.鈥欌€�
These are fine words, to be sure; but the thoughtful reader of Julius Caesar is more likely to be troubled than assured by the play鈥檚 resolution. For one thing, the reader remembers the insults that Antony and Brutus hurled at one another before the battle of Philippi 鈥� a recollection that makes Antony鈥檚 noble words of tribute seem more calculated than spontaneous. One also recalls seeing Antony with his fellow triumvirs, Octavian and Lepidus, making up death lists for after their victory, even throwing their own relatives under the proverbial chariot wheels if another triumvir wants it. And of course, one knows that within twelve years after their shared victory at Philippi, Antony and Octavian will be enemies in a civil war of their own, and Antony will follow Brutus鈥� path toward defeat and suicide 鈥� a tale told on the stage by Shakespeare, in his later play Antony and Cleopatra. Beyond the resolution of the troubles chronicled in this play, there are only more troubles ahead.
How did the English audiences of Shakespeare鈥檚 time respond to Julius Caesar? They did not worry about having a republic, of course; England was (and is) a monarchy, and proud of it. But they would have had decided feelings about assassination plots hatched by self-appointed avengers. English history was full of such game-of-thrones stratagems, as Shakespeare had dramatized in ten history plays 鈥� and all of those plots had brought with them some degree of death and destruction, and had destabilized the realm.
When Elizabeth Tudor succeeded to the English throne, she did so through the established, peaceful process - not through conspiracy, and not by spilling the blood of her predecessors. Once she had become Queen of England, she ruled for 45 years with wisdom and justice, ushering in what is still known as England鈥檚 鈥淕olden Age鈥� 鈥� and she did so while surviving four assassination plots and three assassination attempts. Shakespeare鈥檚 English audience would no doubt have seen the assassination plotters of Julius Caesar as a group of self-deluded fools, arrogantly moving their country toward anarchy and tyranny.
And how does one read Julius Caesar nowadays, here in the United States of America 鈥� or Civitates Foederatae Americae, as the Romans would have called it? After all, we are one of those 鈥渟tates unborn鈥�, with 鈥渁ccents yet unknown鈥�, that Cassius speaks of after the assassination. As with the Roman Republic that ended not long after the murder of Caesar, the U.S.A. is a republic whose people are proud of having retained a republican form of government for a period of centuries.
And our republic has its own sad history of assassination 鈥� of 46 U.S. presidents, four have died at the hands of assassins, two others have been wounded in assassination attempts, and thirteen others have been the subject of assassination plots that fortunately never came to fruition. Americans know only too well the fear and instability that attend the violent death of a head of state 鈥� something that makes Julius Caesar all too contemporary. It brings history and tragedy together like no other Shakespeare play.
Virtually all the members of Shakespeare鈥檚 audience, whether educated or not, would know that Julius Caesar was a famous Roman general and politician who was assassinated. Accordingly, the play abounds with situational irony from its very beginnings, when a soothsayer tells Caesar, 鈥淏eware the Ides of March.鈥� Caesar dismisses the soothsayer鈥檚 warnings 鈥� 鈥淗e is a dreamer. Peace; let us leave him鈥� 鈥� and 400 years鈥� worth of audiences have been shaking their heads ever since, as they witness Caesar鈥檚 refusal to listen to the soothsayer鈥檚 warnings.
Yet Caesar鈥檚 impending demise is not strictly a matter of one鈥檚 fate being set like stone and visible in the stars. Human action and choice have much to do with it as well. The Roman senator Gaius Cassius Longinus (hereafter simply 鈥淐assius鈥�), a leader of the nascent conspiracy against Caesar, seeks to persuade his brother-in-law and fellow senator Marcus Junius Brutus (hereafter simply 鈥淏rutus鈥�) to join the conspiracy. As Brutus has an established reputation for honourable behaviour, Cassius knows that Brutus would be a most helpful addition to the conspiracy.
In his blandishments toward Brutus, Cassius sarcastically compares Caesar with the Colossus of Rhodes 鈥� 鈥渉e doth bestride the narrow world/Like a Colossus鈥� 鈥� and asks, 鈥淯pon what meat does this our Caesar feed/That he is grown so great?鈥� For Cassius, the failure of Romans to rise up against Caesar's kingly pretension is a sign that the republic's old virtues are dying out: 鈥淭he fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars,/But in ourselves, that we are underlings.鈥� One senses at once that Cassius鈥� motives for wanting to assassinate Caesar are, at least in part, personal rather than 鈥減atriotic.鈥�
It is a tense time in Rome; strange phenomena manifest themselves in the streets. Acclaimed by the people after all his military victories, Caesar seems poised to become king of a Roman Republic where 鈥渒ing鈥� has been a dirty word ever since Tarquin the Proud, the last king of Rome, was deposed in 509 B.C. (and by an ancestor of Brutus at that). Caesar makes a show of refusing the crown, but not a very convincing one. In this menacing setting, wise people keep their own counsel. The great orator Cicero, whom the conspirators vainly hope to lure into their ranks, slyly dismisses both Caesar's denying-the-crown charade and the conspirators鈥� blandishments by speaking in Greek; and future conspirator Casca, evidently a unilingual Roman, can only say that "it was Greek to me."
Julius Caesar himself harbours some feelings of distrust toward Cassius, saying to his loyal lieutenant Mark Antony early in the play that 鈥淵on Cassius has a lean and hungry look鈥� and adding, 鈥淟et me have men about me that are fat鈥�. Yet he does not act on those feelings of distrust; rather, he spends much of the play concerned with living up to his public image for matchless courage. When he dismisses any talk of danger against himself by saying things like 鈥淒anger knows full well/That Caesar is more dangerous than he./We are two lions littered in one day,/And I the elder and more terrible鈥�, or 鈥淐owards die many times before their deaths;/The valiant never taste of death but once鈥�, he may be saying what he thinks 鈥� or he could be acting in accordance with his public persona, saying what he knows he is expected to say. Roman society did not differentiate between the public and the private person, and Caesar seems only too aware that he must look, act, and sound like a Caesar at all times. His need to live up to his public persona eventually leads to his demise.
Similarly, Brutus puts his public self before his private self; he talks himself into becoming an assassin by persuading himself that he can do so in a manner that will be congruent with his well-known reputation for honourable behaviour. Reminding himself that 鈥淚 know no personal cause to spurn at [Caesar]鈥�, Brutus states that saving the Roman Republic "must be by [Caesar鈥檚] death." Considering (as Cassius has taken pains to remind him) that his ancestor, another Brutus, dethroned the last king of Rome 500 years before, Brutus succumbs to his own form of hubris or fatal pride that leads him to a moment of fatal decision or hamartia. Once he joins with the conspirators, he has set himself in a path that will lead him to destruction.
On the same sort of path to self-destruction walks Julius Caesar, who turns down repeated chances to avoid his premature demise. A soothsayer tells Caesar, not once but twice, 鈥淏eware the Ides of March.鈥� Caesar disregards him; like Cassandra at Troy, and Teiresias with Oedipus and Creon in Sophocles鈥� plays, the soothsayer鈥檚 fate is to know the sad future and not really be able to do anything about it. Calpurnia, kneeling before Caesar, relates to him her dreams of a statue of Caesar bleeding from a hundred wounds; but when one of the assassination plotters suggests that Caesar鈥檚 failure to appear before the Senate will make Caesar seem afraid, Calpurnia鈥檚 pleas are in vain. And then there is Artemidorus of Cnidos, a Greek rhetorician, who knows of the plot and desperately tries to give a letter of warning to Caesar before Caesar enters the Forum;, Caesar refuses the letter, and walks on toward his bloody fate.
The conspirators lay hands upon Caesar in front of the Capitol, begging pardon for an exiled Roman nobleman. Caesar refuses their pleas, speaking of himself in the third person (as is his wont): 鈥淜now: Caesar doth not wrong, nor without cause/Will he be satisfied.鈥� On that note, the assassins draw their weapons. Shakespeare鈥檚 dying Caesar looks to Brutus and says, 鈥淓t tu, Brut猫? [You, too, Brutus?] 鈥� Then fall Caesar!鈥� In fact, Shakespeare鈥檚 education in Stratford-upon-Avon involved Latin translations of Greek texts. What Caesar actually said was, 鈥溛何贬蕉 蟽峤�, 蟿苇魏谓慰谓;鈥� 鈥� "Kai su, teknon?" or 鈥淓ven you, my son?鈥� in Greek, the language of court and diplomacy and educated people. No matter. It is still one of the most moving death scenes in literature.
With Caesar dead, the true moral nature of this act of assassination begins to reveal itself. The popular Roman philosophical schools of the time, like Epicurian and Stoic philosophy, all emphasized balance; and the way in which the conspirators have lost their moral balance shows through clearly when Brutus urges his fellow assassins to join him in bathing their arms, up to the elbows, in the blood of the murdered Caesar 鈥� in order to show the Roman people that everything鈥檚 fine and this was a perfectly reasonable thing to do! Really? Really?
As the conspirators do Caesar鈥檚 bidding, bathing their hands and swords in Caesar鈥檚 blood, Cassius muses: 鈥淗ow many ages hence/Shall this our lofty scene be acted over/In states unborn and accents yet unknown!鈥� Brutus agrees 鈥� 鈥淗ow many times shall Caesar bleed in sport鈥�. Imagining themselves as the stars of a play, Brutus and Cassius have clearly lost all sense of balance and proportion 鈥� even if they are correct that Caesar鈥檚 death shall 鈥渂e acted over鈥� many times 鈥� including in cinema, with actors like Charlton Heston, James Mason, Marlon Brando, John Gielgud, Greer Garson, Deborah Kerr, Jason Robards, Robert Vaughn, Richard Chamberlain, Diana Rigg, and Christopher Lee (who makes an impressive Artemidorus).
When Mark Antony finds the conspirators with the body of Caesar, he is filled with outrage at the murder of his friend. Yet he is surrounded by armed conspirators, and he knows that if he is to outlive the Ides of March, he must play his cards carefully. He expresses a certain measure of astonishment that Caesar can lie dead like other men 鈥� 鈥淥 mighty Caesar, dost thou lie so low?/Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils/Shrunk to this little measure?鈥�
Antony鈥檚 affection for his dead friend and mentor comes through clearly as he addresses the corpse of Caesar, saying, 鈥淭hou art the ruins of the noblest man/That ever lived in the tide of times.鈥� Yet he persuades the assassins that he recognizes the necessity of what they have done; and only when he is alone does he make clear that he wants to see the assassins punished, imagining that the spirit of the murdered Caesar will 鈥淐ry 鈥楬avoc!鈥� and let slip the dogs of war鈥�. To cry 鈥淗avoc,鈥� in those times, meant a declaration of no quarter, of war to the knife. It is a grim prophecy of the bloody events that will soon unfold.
The conspirators hope to bring about a peaceful transition of power. Brutus addresses the distressed plebeians of Rome, speaking to the crowd in accordance with his public image as a man of principle, whose commitment to the ideals of republican government is genuine led him to the act of assassination. 鈥淩omans, countrymen, and lovers,鈥� he begins, 鈥渉ear me for my cause.鈥� He assures his listeners that he acted strictly out of principle; it was 鈥淣ot that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.鈥�
So far, from the conspirators鈥� point of view, so good; but then Mark Antony flips the script. Antony, Caesar鈥檚 loyal lieutenant, has so successfully concealed his true emotions at Caesar鈥檚 death that Brutus unwisely allows him to address the crowd of plebeians. Once again, fatal pride on Brutus鈥� part 鈥� assuming that he can read Antony鈥檚 character 鈥� leads toward a fatal decision that will contribute toward his downfall.
鈥淔riends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears鈥�, Antony says to the crowd. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him./The evil that men do lives after them;/The good is oft interred with their bones.鈥� Yet praise Caesar is exactly what Antony does. In response to the charges that Caesar was acting out of an ambition to be a king of Rome, Antony points out Caesar鈥檚 repeated acts of generosity toward the Roman people, and suggests that 鈥淎mbition should be made of sterner stuff.鈥� He weeps as he declares that if any Roman fails to mourn for Caesar, then 鈥淥 judgment, thou art fled to brutish beasts,/And men have lost their reason.鈥� The crowd starts to turn away from Brutus鈥� point of view, and toward Antony鈥檚.
Having shifted the tactical balance of power in terms of popularity before the Roman people, Antony then, rhetorically speaking, goes in for the kill. He holds up Caesar鈥檚 bloodied robes, pointing out where each conspirator鈥檚 blade pierced Caesar鈥檚 body, and particularly where Brutus struck Caesar with 鈥渢he most unkindest cut of all.鈥� Sarcastically, Antony reminds the crowd over and over again that if Brutus sanctioned this act of assassination, it must somehow be okay, because 鈥淏rutus is an honourable man.鈥� It is an inspired bit of demagoguery, and it works; by the time Antony is done, the crowd of plebeians who had been acclaiming the conspirators are instead calling for their heads.
From that point, it is a short journey toward yet another Roman civil war 鈥� Brutus and Cassius lead one side; Antony, the future emperor Octavian, and Lepidus lead the other. In a classic Shakespearean pattern, violence with a target leads to untargeted violence in which innocents die. The conspirators are divided by their own differences, and their side lurches toward defeat. Brutus can declare that 鈥淭here is a tide in the affairs of men/Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune鈥�; but it is clear enough that the tides of fortune have turned against Brutus鈥� and Cassius鈥� side 鈥� even before the ghost of Caesar appears to Brutus, identifies himself as 鈥淭hy evil spirit, Brutus鈥�, and assures Brutus that 鈥渢hou shalt see me at Philippi.鈥�
At the end, Brutus knows that his dream of restoring the republic through violence has failed. Hearing of the suicide of a fellow leader of his own side, he reflects that 鈥淥 Julius Caesar, thou art mighty yet;/Thy spirit walks abroad and turns our swords/In our own proper entrails.鈥� His beloved wife Portia 鈥� who, earlier in the play, knelt before Brutus as Calpurnia knelt before Caesar, in another linkage between the characters of Caesar and Brutus 鈥� has taken her own life, and in a particularly horrifying way.
For Brutus, there is only the cold comfort of recalling the loyalty of fallen allies, along with the expression of a hope that 鈥淚 shall have glory by this losing day/More than Octavius and Mark Antony/By this vile conquest shall attain unto.鈥� Running himself upon his own sword, Brutus dies with the words, 鈥淐aesar, now be still./I killed not thee with half so good a will.鈥�
And once Brutus has taken his own life, it is left to Antony, his erstwhile adversary, to speak generously of Brutus in death: 鈥淭his was the noblest Roman of them all鈥�/His life was gentle, and the elements/So mixed in him that nature might stand up/And say to all the world, 鈥楾his was a man.鈥欌€�
These are fine words, to be sure; but the thoughtful reader of Julius Caesar is more likely to be troubled than assured by the play鈥檚 resolution. For one thing, the reader remembers the insults that Antony and Brutus hurled at one another before the battle of Philippi 鈥� a recollection that makes Antony鈥檚 noble words of tribute seem more calculated than spontaneous. One also recalls seeing Antony with his fellow triumvirs, Octavian and Lepidus, making up death lists for after their victory, even throwing their own relatives under the proverbial chariot wheels if another triumvir wants it. And of course, one knows that within twelve years after their shared victory at Philippi, Antony and Octavian will be enemies in a civil war of their own, and Antony will follow Brutus鈥� path toward defeat and suicide 鈥� a tale told on the stage by Shakespeare, in his later play Antony and Cleopatra. Beyond the resolution of the troubles chronicled in this play, there are only more troubles ahead.
How did the English audiences of Shakespeare鈥檚 time respond to Julius Caesar? They did not worry about having a republic, of course; England was (and is) a monarchy, and proud of it. But they would have had decided feelings about assassination plots hatched by self-appointed avengers. English history was full of such game-of-thrones stratagems, as Shakespeare had dramatized in ten history plays 鈥� and all of those plots had brought with them some degree of death and destruction, and had destabilized the realm.
When Elizabeth Tudor succeeded to the English throne, she did so through the established, peaceful process - not through conspiracy, and not by spilling the blood of her predecessors. Once she had become Queen of England, she ruled for 45 years with wisdom and justice, ushering in what is still known as England鈥檚 鈥淕olden Age鈥� 鈥� and she did so while surviving four assassination plots and three assassination attempts. Shakespeare鈥檚 English audience would no doubt have seen the assassination plotters of Julius Caesar as a group of self-deluded fools, arrogantly moving their country toward anarchy and tyranny.
And how does one read Julius Caesar nowadays, here in the United States of America 鈥� or Civitates Foederatae Americae, as the Romans would have called it? After all, we are one of those 鈥渟tates unborn鈥�, with 鈥渁ccents yet unknown鈥�, that Cassius speaks of after the assassination. As with the Roman Republic that ended not long after the murder of Caesar, the U.S.A. is a republic whose people are proud of having retained a republican form of government for a period of centuries.
And our republic has its own sad history of assassination 鈥� of 46 U.S. presidents, four have died at the hands of assassins, two others have been wounded in assassination attempts, and thirteen others have been the subject of assassination plots that fortunately never came to fruition. Americans know only too well the fear and instability that attend the violent death of a head of state 鈥� something that makes Julius Caesar all too contemporary. It brings history and tragedy together like no other Shakespeare play.
March 9, 2024
袧懈 褍 泻芯谐芯, 锌芯卸邪谢褍泄, 薪械 胁褘蟹芯胁械褌 褋芯屑薪械薪懈泄, 褔褌芯 薪械褋屑芯褌褉褟 薪邪 褌芯, 褔褌芯 锌褜械褋邪 薪邪蟹胁邪薪邪 芦挟谢懈泄 笑械蟹邪褉褜禄 懈 锌芯褋胁褟褖械薪邪 芯薪邪 械谐芯 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁褍, 谐谢邪胁薪褘屑 谐械褉芯械屑 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 袘褉褍褌. 袨褋薪芯胁薪芯泄 泻芯薪褎谢懈泻褌 蟹懈卸写械褌褋褟 薪邪 锌芯写芯蟹褉械薪懈褟褏 胁 褍蟹褍褉锌邪褑懈懈 胁谢邪褋褌懈 挟谢懈械屑 笑械蟹邪褉械屑, 写谢褟 锌褉械写芯褌胁褉邪褖械薪懈褟 褔械谐芯 斜褘谢 蟹邪屑褘褕谢械薪 蟹邪谐芯胁芯褉, 胁 泻芯褌芯褉芯屑 褍褔邪褋褌胁芯胁邪谢 锌褉械写邪薪薪褘泄 写褉褍谐 笑械蟹邪褉褟, 袘褉褍褌. 袩褜械褋邪 薪械 蟹邪泻邪薪褔懈胁邪械褌褋褟 褋屑械褉褌褜褞 笑械蟹邪褉褟.
袘褉褍褌 芯斜褗褟褋薪褟械褌 薪邪褉芯写褍 屑芯褌懈胁褘 褋胁芯械谐芯 褍褔邪褋褌懈褟 胁 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁械:
芦鈥π啃狙囆敌佳� 袘褉褍褌 胁芯褋褋褌邪谢 锌褉芯褌懈胁 笑械蟹邪褉褟, 褌芯 胁芯褌 屑芯泄 芯褌胁械褌: 薪械 锌芯褌芯屑褍, 褔褌芯 褟 谢褞斜懈谢 笑械蟹邪褉褟 屑械薪褜褕械, 薪芯 锌芯褌芯屑褍, 褔褌芯 褟 谢褞斜懈谢 袪懈屑 斜芯谢褜褕械. 效褌芯 胁褘 锌褉械写锌芯褔谢懈 斜褘: 褔褌芯斜 笑械蟹邪褉褜 斜褘谢 卸懈胁, 邪 胁褘 褍屑械褉谢懈 褉邪斜邪屑懈, 懈谢懈 褔褌芯斜褘 笑械蟹邪褉褜 斜褘谢 屑械褉褌胁 懈 胁褘 胁褋械 卸懈谢懈 褋胁芯斜芯写薪褘屑懈 谢褞写褜屑懈? 笑械蟹邪褉褜 谢褞斜懈谢 屑械薪褟, 懈 褟 械谐芯 芯锌谢邪泻懈胁邪褞; 芯薪 斜褘谢 褍写邪褔谢懈胁, 懈 褟 褉邪写芯胁邪谢褋褟 褝褌芯屑褍; 蟹邪 写芯斜谢械褋褌懈 褟 褔褌懈谢 械谐芯; 薪芯 芯薪 斜褘谢 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜懈胁, 懈 褟 褍斜懈谢 械谐芯. 袟邪 械谐芯 谢褞斜芯胁褜 鈥� 褋谢械蟹褘; 蟹邪 械谐芯 褍写邪褔懈 鈥� 褉邪写芯褋褌褜; 蟹邪 械谐芯 写芯斜谢械褋褌懈 鈥� 锌芯褔械褌; 蟹邪 械谐芯 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜懈械 鈥� 褋屑械褉褌褜. 袣褌芯 蟹写械褋褜 薪邪褋褌芯谢褜泻芯 薪懈蟹芯泻, 褔褌芯斜褘 卸械谢邪褌褜 褋褌邪褌褜 褉邪斜芯屑? 袝褋谢懈 褌邪泻芯泄 薪邪泄写械褌褋褟, 锌褍褋褌褜 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌, 鈥� 褟 芯褋泻芯褉斜懈谢 械谐芯. 袣褌芯 蟹写械褋褜 薪邪褋褌芯谢褜泻芯 芯写懈褔邪谢, 褔褌芯 薪械 褏芯褔械褌 斜褘褌褜 褉懈屑谢褟薪懈薪芯屑? 袝褋谢懈 褌邪泻芯泄 薪邪泄写械褌褋褟, 锌褍褋褌褜 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌, 鈥� 褟 芯褋泻芯褉斜懈谢 械谐芯. 袣褌芯 蟹写械褋褜 薪邪褋褌芯谢褜泻芯 谐薪褍褋械薪, 褔褌芯 薪械 褏芯褔械褌 谢褞斜懈褌褜 褋胁芯械 芯褌械褔械褋褌胁芯? 袝褋谢懈 褌邪泻芯泄 薪邪泄写械褌褋褟, 锌褍褋褌褜 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌, 鈥� 褟 芯褋泻芯褉斜懈谢 械谐芯. 携 卸写褍 芯褌胁械褌邪.
袙 小 袝
孝邪泻芯谐芯 薪械褌, 袘褉褍褌, 薪械褌.
袘 袪 校 孝
袟薪邪褔懈褌, 褟 薪懈泻芯谐芯 薪械 芯褋泻芯褉斜懈谢. 携 锌芯褋褌褍锌懈谢 褋 笑械蟹邪褉械屑 褌邪泻, 泻邪泻 胁褘 锌芯褋褌褍锌懈谢懈 斜褘 褋 袘褉褍褌芯屑. 袩褉懈褔懈薪邪 械谐芯 褋屑械褉褌懈 蟹邪锌懈褋邪薪邪 胁 褋胁懈褌泻邪褏 袣邪锌懈褌芯谢懈褟; 褋谢邪胁邪 械谐芯 薪械 褍屑邪谢械薪邪 胁 褌芯屑, 胁 褔械屑 芯薪 斜褘谢 写芯褋褌芯懈薪, 懈 胁懈薪邪 械谐芯 薪械 锌褉械褍屑械薪褜褕械薪邪 胁 褌芯屑, 蟹邪 褔褌芯 芯薪 锌芯锌谢邪褌懈谢褋褟 褋屑械褉褌褜褞.
袙褏芯写懈褌 袗 袧 孝 袨 袧 袠 袡 懈 写褉褍谐懈械 褋 褌械谢芯屑 笑械蟹邪褉褟.
袙芯褌 械谐芯 褌械谢芯, 芯锌谢邪泻懈胁邪械屑芯械 袦邪褉泻芯屑 袗薪褌芯薪懈械屑, 泻芯褌芯褉褘泄, 褏芯褌褟 懈 薪械锌褉懈褔邪褋褌械薪 泻 械谐芯 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁褍, 薪芯 胁褘懈谐褉邪械褌 芯褌 褝褌芯谐芯 鈥� 芯薪 斜褍写械褌 卸懈褌褜 胁 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻械. 袙 褌邪泻芯屑 卸械 胁褘懈谐褉褘褕械 斜褍写械褌 懈 谢褞斜芯泄 懈蟹 胁邪褋. 小 褝褌懈屑 褟 褍褏芯卸褍, 鈥� 懈 褌邪泻 卸械, 泻邪泻 褟 锌芯褉邪蟹懈谢 屑芯械谐芯 谢褍褔褕械谐芯 写褉褍谐邪 写谢褟 斜谢邪谐邪 袪懈屑邪, 褌邪泻 褋芯褏褉邪薪褞 褟 褝褌芯褌 泻懈薪卸邪谢 写谢褟 褋械斜褟, 械褋谢懈 屑芯械泄 芯褌褔懈蟹薪械 锌芯褌褉械斜褍械褌褋褟 屑芯褟 褋屑械褉褌褜.禄
袗薪褌芯薪懈泄 胁 屑邪薪懈锌褍谢褟褌懈胁薪褘褏 褑械谢褟褏 锌芯写胁械褉谐邪械褌 褋芯屑薪械薪懈褞 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜懈械 笑械蟹邪褉褟:
芦小褌芯薪 斜械写薪褟泻邪 褍褋谢褘褕邪, 笑械蟹邪褉褜 锌谢邪泻邪谢,
袗 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜褜械 卸械褋褌褔械 懈 褔械褉褋褌胁械泄;
袧芯 袘褉褍褌 薪邪蟹胁邪谢 械谐芯 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜懈胁褘屑,
袗 袘褉褍褌 胁械褋褜屑邪 写芯褋褌芯泄薪褘泄 褔械谢芯胁械泻.
袙褘 胁懈写械谢懈, 胁芯 胁褉械屑褟 袥褍锌械褉泻邪谢懈泄
携 褌褉懈卸写褘 锌芯写薪芯褋懈谢 械屑褍 泻芯褉芯薪褍,
袠 褌褉懈卸写褘 芯薪 芯褌胁械褉谐 鈥� 懈蟹 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜褜褟?
袧芯 袘褉褍褌 薪邪蟹胁邪谢 械谐芯 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜懈胁褘屑,
袗 袘褉褍褌 胁械褋褜屑邪 写芯褋褌芯泄薪褘泄 褔械谢芯胁械泻.禄
袟邪褔懈褌邪胁 蟹邪胁械褖邪薪懈械, 褋芯谐谢邪褋薪芯 泻芯褌芯褉芯屑褍 懈屑褍褖械褋褌胁芯 锌械褉械写邪械褌褋褟 薪邪褉芯写褍 袪懈屑邪, 懈, 褉邪褋褋泻邪蟹邪胁 芯斜 懈蟹褍屑谢械薪懈懈 笑械蟹邪褉褟, 褍胁懈写械胁褕械谐芯 袘褉褍褌邪, 褋胁芯械谐芯 褎邪胁芯褉懈褌邪, 褋 泻懈薪卸邪谢芯屑, 袗薪褌芯薪懈泄 薪邪锌褉邪胁谢褟械褌 谐薪械胁 褌芯谢锌褘 锌褉芯褌懈胁 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻邪薪褑械胁, 懈 泻芯谐写邪 胁褋械 褍褏芯写褟褌, 芯薪 褍写芯胁谢械褌胁芯褉械薪薪芯 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌:
芦袗 袧 孝 袨 袧 袠 袡
携 薪邪 薪芯谐懈 褌械斜褟 锌芯褋褌邪胁懈谢, 褋屑褍褌邪!
袠写懈 谢褞斜褘屑 锌褍褌械屑.禄
袙 褋褑械薪械 1 袗泻褌邪 IV 褌褉懈褍屑胁懈褉褘 袗薪褌芯薪懈泄, 袨泻褌邪胁懈泄 懈 袥械锌懈写 芯褌屑械褔邪褞褌 褌械褏, 泻芯谐芯 写芯谢卸薪芯 褍斜懈褌褜, 胁 褌芯屑 褔懈褋谢械 斜褉邪褌邪 袥械锌懈写邪 懈 褋褘薪邪 褋械褋褌褉褘 袗薪褌芯薪懈褟, 写械谢邪褞褌 芯薪懈 褝褌芯 褋芯胁械褉褕械薪薪芯 斜械蟹 泻芯谢械斜邪薪懈泄, 泻邪泻 斜褍写褌芯 褝褌芯 褋芯胁械褉褕械薪薪芯 芯斜褘褔薪芯械 写械谢芯 懈 谢褞写懈, 锌芯褋褌芯褉芯薪薪懈械 懈屑. 袣芯谐写邪 袥械锌懈写 褍褏芯写懈褌, 袗薪褌芯薪懈泄 蟹邪屑械褔邪械褌:
芦袙芯褌 卸邪谢泻懈泄, 薪械写芯褋褌芯泄薪褘泄 褔械谢芯胁械泻.
袝屑褍 斜褘 薪邪 锌芯褋褘谢泻邪褏 斜褘褌褜, 邪 芯薪,
袣芯谐写邪 屑褘 薪邪褌褉芯械 褉邪蟹写械谢懈屑 屑懈褉,
袩芯谢褍褔懈褌 褌褉械褌褜褞 褔邪褋褌褜?禄
袦褘 胁懈写懈屑, 泻邪泻 芯薪 褍屑械谢芯 薪邪锌褉邪胁懈谢 谐薪械胁 褌芯谢锌褘 锌褉芯褌懈胁 袘褉褍褌邪, 芯薪 褋褌芯褉谐芯胁邪谢褋褟 褋 袥械锌懈写芯屑 芯斜 褍斜懈械薪懈懈 褋褘薪邪 褋胁芯械泄 褋械褋褌褉褘 锌褉芯褌懈胁 斜褉邪褌邪 袥械锌懈写邪 懈 蟹邪 械谐芯 褋锌懈薪芯泄 薪邪蟹褘胁邪械褌 械谐芯 卸邪谢泻懈屑, 薪械写芯褋褌芯泄薪褘屑 褔械谢芯胁械泻芯屑. 袨薪 胁褘谐谢褟写懈褌 蟹写械褋褜 薪械谐芯写褟械屑. 袩芯蟹卸械 屑褘 褍蟹薪邪械屑, 褔褌芯 褋褌芯 (邪 锌芯 懈褋褌芯褔薪懈泻邪屑 袘褉褍褌邪 褋械屑褜写械褋褟褌) 褋械薪邪褌芯褉芯胁 斜褘谢懈 胁薪械褋械薪褘 胁 锌褉芯褋泻褉懈锌褑懈芯薪薪褘械 褋锌懈褋泻懈 懈 斜褘谢懈 褍斜懈褌褘.
孝械屑 胁褉械屑械薪械屑, 袘褉褍褌 胁 谢邪谐械褉械 褋褋芯褉懈褌褋褟 褋 袣邪褋褋懈械屑 懈蟹-蟹邪 胁蟹褟褌芯褔薪懈褔械褋褌胁邪 锌芯褋谢械写薪械谐芯:
芦袪邪蟹胁械 泻褌芯 懈蟹 薪邪褋,
小褉邪蟹懈胁褕懈褏 屑褍卸邪 锌械褉胁芯谐芯 薪邪 褋胁械褌械
袟邪 锌芯泻褉芯胁懈褌械谢褜褋褌胁芯 褉邪蟹斜芯褞, 褋褌邪薪械褌
小械斜褟 锌褟褌薪邪褌褜 锌芯蟹芯褉薪褘屑 谢懈褏芯懈屑褋褌胁芯屑
袠 锌褉芯写邪胁邪褌褜 胁械谢懈褔褜械 薪邪褕械泄 褔械褋褌懈
袟邪 褏谢邪屑 薪懈褔褌芯卸薪褘泄, 谢懈锌薪褍褖懈泄 泻 褉褍泻邪屑?禄
袨斜褉邪蟹 袣邪褋褋懈褟 写芯胁芯谢褜薪芯 褋谢芯卸薪褘泄. 校 薪械谐芯 薪械写芯褋褌邪褌泻芯胁 懈 写芯褋褌芯懈薪褋褌胁 锌褉懈屑械褉薪芯 锌芯褉芯胁薪褍. 楔械泻褋锌懈褉 薪械 写械谢邪械褌 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻邪薪褑械胁 褋锌谢芯褕褜 懈写械邪谢褜薪褘屑懈 谐械褉芯褟屑懈, 芯薪懈 锌芯谢薪褘 锌褉芯褌懈胁芯褉械褔懈泄.
袘褉褍褌 写胁邪卸写褘 胁懈写懈褌 锌褉懈蟹褉邪泻 笑械蟹邪褉褟, 懈 锌芯薪懈屑邪械褌 薪械芯褌胁褉邪褌懈屑芯褋褌褜 褋屑械褉褌懈, 褋屑械褉褌褜 卸械薪褘 袩芯褉褑懈懈 褌邪泻卸械 薪械 写芯斜邪胁谢褟械褌 械屑褍 胁芯谢懈 卸懈褌褜. 孝械屑 薪械 屑械薪械械, 芯薪 胁褋褌褉械褔邪械褌褋褟 薪邪 锌芯谢械 斜褉邪薪懈 褋 锌褉芯褌懈胁薪懈泻邪屑懈.
袩芯褌械褉锌械胁 锌芯褉邪卸械薪懈械, 芯薪 泻芯薪褔邪械褌 褋 褋芯斜芯泄.
芦袘褉褍褌 谢懈褕褜 褋邪屑懈屑 褋芯斜芯褞 锌芯斜械卸写械薪.
袧懈泻褌芯 械谐芯 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁芯屑 薪械 锌褉芯褋谢邪胁谢械薪...禄
袝谐芯 锌芯褋褌褍锌芯泻 胁褘薪褍写懈谢 械谐芯 胁褉邪谐邪 袗薪褌芯薪懈褟 锌褉懈蟹薪邪褌褜:
袗 袧 孝 袨 袧 袠 袡
袨薪 褉懈屑谢褟薪懈薪 斜褘谢 褋邪屑褘泄 斜谢邪谐芯褉芯写薪褘泄
袙褋械 蟹邪谐芯胁芯褉褖懈泻懈, 泻褉芯屑械 薪械谐芯,
袠蟹 蟹邪胁懈褋褌懈 谢懈褕褜 笑械蟹邪褉褟 褍斜懈谢懈,
袗 芯薪 芯写懈薪 鈥� 懈蟹 褔械褋褌薪褘褏 锌芯斜褍卸写械薪懈泄,
袠蟹 褉械胁薪芯褋褌懈 泻 芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪薪芯屑褍 斜谢邪谐褍.
袩褉械泻褉邪褋薪邪 卸懈蟹薪褜 械谐芯, 懈 胁褋械 褋褌懈褏懈懈
孝邪泻 胁 薪械屑 褋芯械写懈薪懈谢懈褋褜, 褔褌芯 锌褉懈褉芯写邪
袦芯谐谢邪 斜 褋泻邪蟹邪褌褜: 芦袨薪 褔械谢芯胁械泻芯屑 斜褘谢!禄
袘褉褍褌 芯谢懈褑械褌胁芯褉褟械褌 褋芯斜芯泄 懈写械邪谢 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻邪薪褑邪, 芯薪 锌褉懈胁械褉卸械薪械褑 褋褌芯懈褔械褋泻芯泄 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎懈懈, 写谢褟 薪械谐芯 锌褉懈薪褑懈锌褘 褋胁芯斜芯写褘 胁邪卸薪械械 胁褋械谐芯, 懈 锌褉懈蟹薪邪胁邪褟 蟹邪褋谢褍谐懈 笑械蟹邪褉褟, 芯薪 懈写械褌 薪邪 械谐芯 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁芯, 懈蟹-蟹邪 胁芯蟹屑芯卸薪芯泄 褍蟹褍褉锌邪褑懈懈 懈屑 胁谢邪褋褌懈 鈥� 芯薪 谢褞斜懈谢 袪懈屑 斜芯谢褜褕械 笑械蟹邪褉褟. 袗薪褌芯薪懈泄 卸械 褍屑械谢褘泄 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻, 卸械谢邪胁褕懈泄 锌芯褋谢械 胁芯褑邪褉械薪懈褟 笑械蟹邪褉褟, 褋褌邪褌褜 胁褌芯褉褘屑 褔械谢芯胁械泻芯屑, 芯薪 蟹谢械泄褕懈泄 胁褉邪谐 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈. 袧芯 芯薪 褍屑械薪, 褔褌芯斜褘 薪械 锌褉懈蟹薪邪褌褜 写芯褋褌芯懈薪褋褌胁芯 袘褉褍褌邪. 孝褉邪谐懈蟹屑 锌褜械褋褘 胁 褌芯屑, 褔褌芯 斜芯褉褜斜邪 褋 械写懈薪芯胁谢邪褋褌懈械屑 懈 蟹邪 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻邪薪褋泻懈械 懈写械邪谢褘 锌芯褌械褉锌械谢邪 锌芯褉邪卸械薪懈械 懈 锌芯褋谢械 褋屑械褉褌懈 笑械蟹邪褉褟.
袘褉褍褌 芯斜褗褟褋薪褟械褌 薪邪褉芯写褍 屑芯褌懈胁褘 褋胁芯械谐芯 褍褔邪褋褌懈褟 胁 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁械:
芦鈥π啃狙囆敌佳� 袘褉褍褌 胁芯褋褋褌邪谢 锌褉芯褌懈胁 笑械蟹邪褉褟, 褌芯 胁芯褌 屑芯泄 芯褌胁械褌: 薪械 锌芯褌芯屑褍, 褔褌芯 褟 谢褞斜懈谢 笑械蟹邪褉褟 屑械薪褜褕械, 薪芯 锌芯褌芯屑褍, 褔褌芯 褟 谢褞斜懈谢 袪懈屑 斜芯谢褜褕械. 效褌芯 胁褘 锌褉械写锌芯褔谢懈 斜褘: 褔褌芯斜 笑械蟹邪褉褜 斜褘谢 卸懈胁, 邪 胁褘 褍屑械褉谢懈 褉邪斜邪屑懈, 懈谢懈 褔褌芯斜褘 笑械蟹邪褉褜 斜褘谢 屑械褉褌胁 懈 胁褘 胁褋械 卸懈谢懈 褋胁芯斜芯写薪褘屑懈 谢褞写褜屑懈? 笑械蟹邪褉褜 谢褞斜懈谢 屑械薪褟, 懈 褟 械谐芯 芯锌谢邪泻懈胁邪褞; 芯薪 斜褘谢 褍写邪褔谢懈胁, 懈 褟 褉邪写芯胁邪谢褋褟 褝褌芯屑褍; 蟹邪 写芯斜谢械褋褌懈 褟 褔褌懈谢 械谐芯; 薪芯 芯薪 斜褘谢 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜懈胁, 懈 褟 褍斜懈谢 械谐芯. 袟邪 械谐芯 谢褞斜芯胁褜 鈥� 褋谢械蟹褘; 蟹邪 械谐芯 褍写邪褔懈 鈥� 褉邪写芯褋褌褜; 蟹邪 械谐芯 写芯斜谢械褋褌懈 鈥� 锌芯褔械褌; 蟹邪 械谐芯 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜懈械 鈥� 褋屑械褉褌褜. 袣褌芯 蟹写械褋褜 薪邪褋褌芯谢褜泻芯 薪懈蟹芯泻, 褔褌芯斜褘 卸械谢邪褌褜 褋褌邪褌褜 褉邪斜芯屑? 袝褋谢懈 褌邪泻芯泄 薪邪泄写械褌褋褟, 锌褍褋褌褜 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌, 鈥� 褟 芯褋泻芯褉斜懈谢 械谐芯. 袣褌芯 蟹写械褋褜 薪邪褋褌芯谢褜泻芯 芯写懈褔邪谢, 褔褌芯 薪械 褏芯褔械褌 斜褘褌褜 褉懈屑谢褟薪懈薪芯屑? 袝褋谢懈 褌邪泻芯泄 薪邪泄写械褌褋褟, 锌褍褋褌褜 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌, 鈥� 褟 芯褋泻芯褉斜懈谢 械谐芯. 袣褌芯 蟹写械褋褜 薪邪褋褌芯谢褜泻芯 谐薪褍褋械薪, 褔褌芯 薪械 褏芯褔械褌 谢褞斜懈褌褜 褋胁芯械 芯褌械褔械褋褌胁芯? 袝褋谢懈 褌邪泻芯泄 薪邪泄写械褌褋褟, 锌褍褋褌褜 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌, 鈥� 褟 芯褋泻芯褉斜懈谢 械谐芯. 携 卸写褍 芯褌胁械褌邪.
袙 小 袝
孝邪泻芯谐芯 薪械褌, 袘褉褍褌, 薪械褌.
袘 袪 校 孝
袟薪邪褔懈褌, 褟 薪懈泻芯谐芯 薪械 芯褋泻芯褉斜懈谢. 携 锌芯褋褌褍锌懈谢 褋 笑械蟹邪褉械屑 褌邪泻, 泻邪泻 胁褘 锌芯褋褌褍锌懈谢懈 斜褘 褋 袘褉褍褌芯屑. 袩褉懈褔懈薪邪 械谐芯 褋屑械褉褌懈 蟹邪锌懈褋邪薪邪 胁 褋胁懈褌泻邪褏 袣邪锌懈褌芯谢懈褟; 褋谢邪胁邪 械谐芯 薪械 褍屑邪谢械薪邪 胁 褌芯屑, 胁 褔械屑 芯薪 斜褘谢 写芯褋褌芯懈薪, 懈 胁懈薪邪 械谐芯 薪械 锌褉械褍屑械薪褜褕械薪邪 胁 褌芯屑, 蟹邪 褔褌芯 芯薪 锌芯锌谢邪褌懈谢褋褟 褋屑械褉褌褜褞.
袙褏芯写懈褌 袗 袧 孝 袨 袧 袠 袡 懈 写褉褍谐懈械 褋 褌械谢芯屑 笑械蟹邪褉褟.
袙芯褌 械谐芯 褌械谢芯, 芯锌谢邪泻懈胁邪械屑芯械 袦邪褉泻芯屑 袗薪褌芯薪懈械屑, 泻芯褌芯褉褘泄, 褏芯褌褟 懈 薪械锌褉懈褔邪褋褌械薪 泻 械谐芯 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁褍, 薪芯 胁褘懈谐褉邪械褌 芯褌 褝褌芯谐芯 鈥� 芯薪 斜褍写械褌 卸懈褌褜 胁 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻械. 袙 褌邪泻芯屑 卸械 胁褘懈谐褉褘褕械 斜褍写械褌 懈 谢褞斜芯泄 懈蟹 胁邪褋. 小 褝褌懈屑 褟 褍褏芯卸褍, 鈥� 懈 褌邪泻 卸械, 泻邪泻 褟 锌芯褉邪蟹懈谢 屑芯械谐芯 谢褍褔褕械谐芯 写褉褍谐邪 写谢褟 斜谢邪谐邪 袪懈屑邪, 褌邪泻 褋芯褏褉邪薪褞 褟 褝褌芯褌 泻懈薪卸邪谢 写谢褟 褋械斜褟, 械褋谢懈 屑芯械泄 芯褌褔懈蟹薪械 锌芯褌褉械斜褍械褌褋褟 屑芯褟 褋屑械褉褌褜.禄
袗薪褌芯薪懈泄 胁 屑邪薪懈锌褍谢褟褌懈胁薪褘褏 褑械谢褟褏 锌芯写胁械褉谐邪械褌 褋芯屑薪械薪懈褞 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜懈械 笑械蟹邪褉褟:
芦小褌芯薪 斜械写薪褟泻邪 褍褋谢褘褕邪, 笑械蟹邪褉褜 锌谢邪泻邪谢,
袗 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜褜械 卸械褋褌褔械 懈 褔械褉褋褌胁械泄;
袧芯 袘褉褍褌 薪邪蟹胁邪谢 械谐芯 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜懈胁褘屑,
袗 袘褉褍褌 胁械褋褜屑邪 写芯褋褌芯泄薪褘泄 褔械谢芯胁械泻.
袙褘 胁懈写械谢懈, 胁芯 胁褉械屑褟 袥褍锌械褉泻邪谢懈泄
携 褌褉懈卸写褘 锌芯写薪芯褋懈谢 械屑褍 泻芯褉芯薪褍,
袠 褌褉懈卸写褘 芯薪 芯褌胁械褉谐 鈥� 懈蟹 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜褜褟?
袧芯 袘褉褍褌 薪邪蟹胁邪谢 械谐芯 胁谢邪褋褌芯谢褞斜懈胁褘屑,
袗 袘褉褍褌 胁械褋褜屑邪 写芯褋褌芯泄薪褘泄 褔械谢芯胁械泻.禄
袟邪褔懈褌邪胁 蟹邪胁械褖邪薪懈械, 褋芯谐谢邪褋薪芯 泻芯褌芯褉芯屑褍 懈屑褍褖械褋褌胁芯 锌械褉械写邪械褌褋褟 薪邪褉芯写褍 袪懈屑邪, 懈, 褉邪褋褋泻邪蟹邪胁 芯斜 懈蟹褍屑谢械薪懈懈 笑械蟹邪褉褟, 褍胁懈写械胁褕械谐芯 袘褉褍褌邪, 褋胁芯械谐芯 褎邪胁芯褉懈褌邪, 褋 泻懈薪卸邪谢芯屑, 袗薪褌芯薪懈泄 薪邪锌褉邪胁谢褟械褌 谐薪械胁 褌芯谢锌褘 锌褉芯褌懈胁 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻邪薪褑械胁, 懈 泻芯谐写邪 胁褋械 褍褏芯写褟褌, 芯薪 褍写芯胁谢械褌胁芯褉械薪薪芯 谐芯胁芯褉懈褌:
芦袗 袧 孝 袨 袧 袠 袡
携 薪邪 薪芯谐懈 褌械斜褟 锌芯褋褌邪胁懈谢, 褋屑褍褌邪!
袠写懈 谢褞斜褘屑 锌褍褌械屑.禄
袙 褋褑械薪械 1 袗泻褌邪 IV 褌褉懈褍屑胁懈褉褘 袗薪褌芯薪懈泄, 袨泻褌邪胁懈泄 懈 袥械锌懈写 芯褌屑械褔邪褞褌 褌械褏, 泻芯谐芯 写芯谢卸薪芯 褍斜懈褌褜, 胁 褌芯屑 褔懈褋谢械 斜褉邪褌邪 袥械锌懈写邪 懈 褋褘薪邪 褋械褋褌褉褘 袗薪褌芯薪懈褟, 写械谢邪褞褌 芯薪懈 褝褌芯 褋芯胁械褉褕械薪薪芯 斜械蟹 泻芯谢械斜邪薪懈泄, 泻邪泻 斜褍写褌芯 褝褌芯 褋芯胁械褉褕械薪薪芯 芯斜褘褔薪芯械 写械谢芯 懈 谢褞写懈, 锌芯褋褌芯褉芯薪薪懈械 懈屑. 袣芯谐写邪 袥械锌懈写 褍褏芯写懈褌, 袗薪褌芯薪懈泄 蟹邪屑械褔邪械褌:
芦袙芯褌 卸邪谢泻懈泄, 薪械写芯褋褌芯泄薪褘泄 褔械谢芯胁械泻.
袝屑褍 斜褘 薪邪 锌芯褋褘谢泻邪褏 斜褘褌褜, 邪 芯薪,
袣芯谐写邪 屑褘 薪邪褌褉芯械 褉邪蟹写械谢懈屑 屑懈褉,
袩芯谢褍褔懈褌 褌褉械褌褜褞 褔邪褋褌褜?禄
袦褘 胁懈写懈屑, 泻邪泻 芯薪 褍屑械谢芯 薪邪锌褉邪胁懈谢 谐薪械胁 褌芯谢锌褘 锌褉芯褌懈胁 袘褉褍褌邪, 芯薪 褋褌芯褉谐芯胁邪谢褋褟 褋 袥械锌懈写芯屑 芯斜 褍斜懈械薪懈懈 褋褘薪邪 褋胁芯械泄 褋械褋褌褉褘 锌褉芯褌懈胁 斜褉邪褌邪 袥械锌懈写邪 懈 蟹邪 械谐芯 褋锌懈薪芯泄 薪邪蟹褘胁邪械褌 械谐芯 卸邪谢泻懈屑, 薪械写芯褋褌芯泄薪褘屑 褔械谢芯胁械泻芯屑. 袨薪 胁褘谐谢褟写懈褌 蟹写械褋褜 薪械谐芯写褟械屑. 袩芯蟹卸械 屑褘 褍蟹薪邪械屑, 褔褌芯 褋褌芯 (邪 锌芯 懈褋褌芯褔薪懈泻邪屑 袘褉褍褌邪 褋械屑褜写械褋褟褌) 褋械薪邪褌芯褉芯胁 斜褘谢懈 胁薪械褋械薪褘 胁 锌褉芯褋泻褉懈锌褑懈芯薪薪褘械 褋锌懈褋泻懈 懈 斜褘谢懈 褍斜懈褌褘.
孝械屑 胁褉械屑械薪械屑, 袘褉褍褌 胁 谢邪谐械褉械 褋褋芯褉懈褌褋褟 褋 袣邪褋褋懈械屑 懈蟹-蟹邪 胁蟹褟褌芯褔薪懈褔械褋褌胁邪 锌芯褋谢械写薪械谐芯:
芦袪邪蟹胁械 泻褌芯 懈蟹 薪邪褋,
小褉邪蟹懈胁褕懈褏 屑褍卸邪 锌械褉胁芯谐芯 薪邪 褋胁械褌械
袟邪 锌芯泻褉芯胁懈褌械谢褜褋褌胁芯 褉邪蟹斜芯褞, 褋褌邪薪械褌
小械斜褟 锌褟褌薪邪褌褜 锌芯蟹芯褉薪褘屑 谢懈褏芯懈屑褋褌胁芯屑
袠 锌褉芯写邪胁邪褌褜 胁械谢懈褔褜械 薪邪褕械泄 褔械褋褌懈
袟邪 褏谢邪屑 薪懈褔褌芯卸薪褘泄, 谢懈锌薪褍褖懈泄 泻 褉褍泻邪屑?禄
袨斜褉邪蟹 袣邪褋褋懈褟 写芯胁芯谢褜薪芯 褋谢芯卸薪褘泄. 校 薪械谐芯 薪械写芯褋褌邪褌泻芯胁 懈 写芯褋褌芯懈薪褋褌胁 锌褉懈屑械褉薪芯 锌芯褉芯胁薪褍. 楔械泻褋锌懈褉 薪械 写械谢邪械褌 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻邪薪褑械胁 褋锌谢芯褕褜 懈写械邪谢褜薪褘屑懈 谐械褉芯褟屑懈, 芯薪懈 锌芯谢薪褘 锌褉芯褌懈胁芯褉械褔懈泄.
袘褉褍褌 写胁邪卸写褘 胁懈写懈褌 锌褉懈蟹褉邪泻 笑械蟹邪褉褟, 懈 锌芯薪懈屑邪械褌 薪械芯褌胁褉邪褌懈屑芯褋褌褜 褋屑械褉褌懈, 褋屑械褉褌褜 卸械薪褘 袩芯褉褑懈懈 褌邪泻卸械 薪械 写芯斜邪胁谢褟械褌 械屑褍 胁芯谢懈 卸懈褌褜. 孝械屑 薪械 屑械薪械械, 芯薪 胁褋褌褉械褔邪械褌褋褟 薪邪 锌芯谢械 斜褉邪薪懈 褋 锌褉芯褌懈胁薪懈泻邪屑懈.
袩芯褌械褉锌械胁 锌芯褉邪卸械薪懈械, 芯薪 泻芯薪褔邪械褌 褋 褋芯斜芯泄.
芦袘褉褍褌 谢懈褕褜 褋邪屑懈屑 褋芯斜芯褞 锌芯斜械卸写械薪.
袧懈泻褌芯 械谐芯 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁芯屑 薪械 锌褉芯褋谢邪胁谢械薪...禄
袝谐芯 锌芯褋褌褍锌芯泻 胁褘薪褍写懈谢 械谐芯 胁褉邪谐邪 袗薪褌芯薪懈褟 锌褉懈蟹薪邪褌褜:
袗 袧 孝 袨 袧 袠 袡
袨薪 褉懈屑谢褟薪懈薪 斜褘谢 褋邪屑褘泄 斜谢邪谐芯褉芯写薪褘泄
袙褋械 蟹邪谐芯胁芯褉褖懈泻懈, 泻褉芯屑械 薪械谐芯,
袠蟹 蟹邪胁懈褋褌懈 谢懈褕褜 笑械蟹邪褉褟 褍斜懈谢懈,
袗 芯薪 芯写懈薪 鈥� 懈蟹 褔械褋褌薪褘褏 锌芯斜褍卸写械薪懈泄,
袠蟹 褉械胁薪芯褋褌懈 泻 芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪薪芯屑褍 斜谢邪谐褍.
袩褉械泻褉邪褋薪邪 卸懈蟹薪褜 械谐芯, 懈 胁褋械 褋褌懈褏懈懈
孝邪泻 胁 薪械屑 褋芯械写懈薪懈谢懈褋褜, 褔褌芯 锌褉懈褉芯写邪
袦芯谐谢邪 斜 褋泻邪蟹邪褌褜: 芦袨薪 褔械谢芯胁械泻芯屑 斜褘谢!禄
袘褉褍褌 芯谢懈褑械褌胁芯褉褟械褌 褋芯斜芯泄 懈写械邪谢 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻邪薪褑邪, 芯薪 锌褉懈胁械褉卸械薪械褑 褋褌芯懈褔械褋泻芯泄 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎懈懈, 写谢褟 薪械谐芯 锌褉懈薪褑懈锌褘 褋胁芯斜芯写褘 胁邪卸薪械械 胁褋械谐芯, 懈 锌褉懈蟹薪邪胁邪褟 蟹邪褋谢褍谐懈 笑械蟹邪褉褟, 芯薪 懈写械褌 薪邪 械谐芯 褍斜懈泄褋褌胁芯, 懈蟹-蟹邪 胁芯蟹屑芯卸薪芯泄 褍蟹褍褉锌邪褑懈懈 懈屑 胁谢邪褋褌懈 鈥� 芯薪 谢褞斜懈谢 袪懈屑 斜芯谢褜褕械 笑械蟹邪褉褟. 袗薪褌芯薪懈泄 卸械 褍屑械谢褘泄 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻, 卸械谢邪胁褕懈泄 锌芯褋谢械 胁芯褑邪褉械薪懈褟 笑械蟹邪褉褟, 褋褌邪褌褜 胁褌芯褉褘屑 褔械谢芯胁械泻芯屑, 芯薪 蟹谢械泄褕懈泄 胁褉邪谐 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈. 袧芯 芯薪 褍屑械薪, 褔褌芯斜褘 薪械 锌褉懈蟹薪邪褌褜 写芯褋褌芯懈薪褋褌胁芯 袘褉褍褌邪. 孝褉邪谐懈蟹屑 锌褜械褋褘 胁 褌芯屑, 褔褌芯 斜芯褉褜斜邪 褋 械写懈薪芯胁谢邪褋褌懈械屑 懈 蟹邪 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻邪薪褋泻懈械 懈写械邪谢褘 锌芯褌械褉锌械谢邪 锌芯褉邪卸械薪懈械 懈 锌芯褋谢械 褋屑械褉褌懈 笑械蟹邪褉褟.
January 27, 2018
basically: bros loving each others, deciding to kill their greatest bro and ending up going on a bro war.
July 27, 2017
鈥淲hat a terrible era in which idiots govern the blind.鈥�
鈥� William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, Act 2, Scene 1
Julius Caesar was one of my first Shakespeare loves. I remember in Jr High memorizing (and I still can remember most of it) Mark Anthony's eulogy to Caesar ("Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears..." It was powerful and was an early indicator for me of language's potential energy. Within those lines there were several messages, foreshadowing, etc. It turned me onto both Shakespeare and the Classics. I'm now coming back to Julius Caesar 25+ years later. Hopefully a bit more mature. With a bit more body hair. Certainly, with more experience with Shakespeare, the Classics, and politics and the original JC. I've now read considerably , , , and probably most importantly . But even with all of this 'source' material, the play itself still seems to capture the imagination in ways that history (both modern and ancient) can't. Shakespeare can tease out and nuance things (obviously made up) that gives live to Brutus, Caesar, Anthony.
It was ironic too that I was reading Julius Caesar right after (unplanned) the June controversy with the New York Public Theatre's production where they used a Trump-like character to play the part of Julius Caesar. The could easily have been predicted. The closer our contemporary leaders become to actual tyrants, the harder it becomes for their supporters to digest their images being used to portray an assassinated Julius Caesar. The closer we edge to the end of the Republic, the more relevant and less popular Julius Caesar will be with those in tyrannical camps.
It all holds up. It still feels relevant and even a bit dangerous.
Favorite Lines:
鈥淭he fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves.鈥� (Act 1, Scene 2)
"But, for my own part, it was Greek to me.鈥� (Act 1, Scene 2)
鈥�...for the eye sees not itself,
but by reflection, by some other things.鈥� (Act 1, Scene 2)
鈥淐owards die many times before their deaths; the valiant never taste of death but once.鈥� (Act 2, Scene 2)
鈥淐ry havoc and let slip the dogs of war!鈥� (Act 3, Scene 1)
鈥淥f your philosophy you make no use,
If you give place to accidental evils.鈥� (Act 4, Scene 3)
鈥� William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, Act 2, Scene 1
Julius Caesar was one of my first Shakespeare loves. I remember in Jr High memorizing (and I still can remember most of it) Mark Anthony's eulogy to Caesar ("Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears..." It was powerful and was an early indicator for me of language's potential energy. Within those lines there were several messages, foreshadowing, etc. It turned me onto both Shakespeare and the Classics. I'm now coming back to Julius Caesar 25+ years later. Hopefully a bit more mature. With a bit more body hair. Certainly, with more experience with Shakespeare, the Classics, and politics and the original JC. I've now read considerably , , , and probably most importantly . But even with all of this 'source' material, the play itself still seems to capture the imagination in ways that history (both modern and ancient) can't. Shakespeare can tease out and nuance things (obviously made up) that gives live to Brutus, Caesar, Anthony.
It was ironic too that I was reading Julius Caesar right after (unplanned) the June controversy with the New York Public Theatre's production where they used a Trump-like character to play the part of Julius Caesar. The could easily have been predicted. The closer our contemporary leaders become to actual tyrants, the harder it becomes for their supporters to digest their images being used to portray an assassinated Julius Caesar. The closer we edge to the end of the Republic, the more relevant and less popular Julius Caesar will be with those in tyrannical camps.
It all holds up. It still feels relevant and even a bit dangerous.
Favorite Lines:
鈥淭he fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves.鈥� (Act 1, Scene 2)
"But, for my own part, it was Greek to me.鈥� (Act 1, Scene 2)
鈥�...for the eye sees not itself,
but by reflection, by some other things.鈥� (Act 1, Scene 2)
鈥淐owards die many times before their deaths; the valiant never taste of death but once.鈥� (Act 2, Scene 2)
鈥淐ry havoc and let slip the dogs of war!鈥� (Act 3, Scene 1)
鈥淥f your philosophy you make no use,
If you give place to accidental evils.鈥� (Act 4, Scene 3)
January 12, 2021
~3 stars~
TW/CW: suicide, death, violence
***read for school***
It was good. Not my favorite or really my thing, but I enjoyed it better than Macbeth. Listening to it while reading it helped, but all the assignments I had to do and still have yet to finish, and the daunting essay I have to write next week do not. It's about who I think is the most tragical hero, Brutus or Caeser. Quite frankly I think it's neither, so I suppose I just have to lie my way through the essay.
I thought it was very thought provoking in different areas, and that Shakespeare did a great job with this one writing wise. The fact that Caesar himself was not a bigger part of it, I did not like. He died too early for me to even care about him, but to be fair, I equally didn't care about the other characters either. Overall, I think having read it over a long period of time, and having read it for school may have ruined some of the experience I may have had, but discussing it with others also enhanced it. I like this book enough, but wouldn't re-read it, but I do look forward to picking up more Shakespeare in the future.
____
Pre-reading thoughts
(November 18 2020)
I haven't started reading this, but I did have to do some research on Ceaser and here is a fun fact:
He is a major prick. He was kindnapped by pirates, and asked them to raise the ransom higher because it was "too low", and he thought he really was that important. He threatened to crucify them if they didn't. They thought it was joke. After he was released he came back and did just as he promised. I already hate him, and I barely know anything about him. He sounds insufferable smh.
---
(Nov 9 2020)
imagine this:
Today is the first day of the quarter
You have all new classes
You log into the online class bcuz Ms. 'Rona decided she wanted to be the MC
Your teacher has assigned this book in the first few minutes
You are now being forced to read a book you never really had any intention of reading
You groan because the chances are you won't like it
Because school ruines everything
anyways I will be reading this soon I guess
TW/CW: suicide, death, violence
***read for school***
It was good. Not my favorite or really my thing, but I enjoyed it better than Macbeth. Listening to it while reading it helped, but all the assignments I had to do and still have yet to finish, and the daunting essay I have to write next week do not. It's about who I think is the most tragical hero, Brutus or Caeser. Quite frankly I think it's neither, so I suppose I just have to lie my way through the essay.
I thought it was very thought provoking in different areas, and that Shakespeare did a great job with this one writing wise. The fact that Caesar himself was not a bigger part of it, I did not like. He died too early for me to even care about him, but to be fair, I equally didn't care about the other characters either. Overall, I think having read it over a long period of time, and having read it for school may have ruined some of the experience I may have had, but discussing it with others also enhanced it. I like this book enough, but wouldn't re-read it, but I do look forward to picking up more Shakespeare in the future.
____
Pre-reading thoughts
(November 18 2020)
I haven't started reading this, but I did have to do some research on Ceaser and here is a fun fact:
He is a major prick. He was kindnapped by pirates, and asked them to raise the ransom higher because it was "too low", and he thought he really was that important. He threatened to crucify them if they didn't. They thought it was joke. After he was released he came back and did just as he promised. I already hate him, and I barely know anything about him. He sounds insufferable smh.
---
(Nov 9 2020)
imagine this:
Today is the first day of the quarter
You have all new classes
You log into the online class bcuz Ms. 'Rona decided she wanted to be the MC
Your teacher has assigned this book in the first few minutes
You are now being forced to read a book you never really had any intention of reading
You groan because the chances are you won't like it
Because school ruines everything
anyways I will be reading this soon I guess
January 29, 2019
The party on the streets of Rome provides the context: Julius Caesar's power is becoming close to absolute. The crowds love Caesar. The dissenters who stand on the outskirts of this party see few options to check Caesar's power. These differing perspectives from the opening of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar gives it a nuance that belies the simple story of Brutus's betrayal. Very intriguing and enjoyable! This is probably one of the most famous of Shakespeare's plays which I'd never read. There were many familiar quotes (which I'd heard before, but had not tied to this specific play; see below). While I don't think it's among his very best, Shakespeare's mastery of language is in full force. 4.25 stars.
Beware the Ides of March.
(Soothsayer, Act 1 Scene 2)
Men at some time are masters of their fates.
The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars
But in ourselves, that we are underlings.
(Cassius, Act 1 Scene 2)
But, for mine own part, it was Greek to me.
(Casca, Act 1 Scene 2)
Cowards die many times before their deaths,
The valiant never taste of death but once.
(Caesar, Act 2 Scene 2)
Et tu, Brute?鈥擳hen fall, Caesar.
(Caesar, Act 3, Scene 1)
Cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war.
(Antony, Act 3 Scene 1)
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.
(Antony, Act 3, Scene 2)
Beware the Ides of March.
(Soothsayer, Act 1 Scene 2)
Men at some time are masters of their fates.
The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars
But in ourselves, that we are underlings.
(Cassius, Act 1 Scene 2)
But, for mine own part, it was Greek to me.
(Casca, Act 1 Scene 2)
Cowards die many times before their deaths,
The valiant never taste of death but once.
(Caesar, Act 2 Scene 2)
Et tu, Brute?鈥擳hen fall, Caesar.
(Caesar, Act 3, Scene 1)
Cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war.
(Antony, Act 3 Scene 1)
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.
(Antony, Act 3, Scene 2)
April 14, 2017
To celebrate William Shakespeare on his birthday in April, I'll be studying three of the Bard's plays which I've not yet seen. My Shakespeare plan is to locate a staging of the play, listening to and watching it on my Macbook while I follow along to as much as of the original text as is incorporated in the production. Later, I read the entire play in the modern English version. A good friend I've had since high school recommended this system to me and I think this has been a very good system for delighting the mind in Shakespeare. This month, I plan to dive into three of Shakespeare's political dramas.
Scholars estimate that Julius Caesar was written in 1599 and was probably one of the first plays to be performed at the Globe Theatre in Southwark, which began construction in January of that year. Sir Thomas North's translation of Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans by Plutarch provided Shakespeare with much material, not only his dramatization of Caesar's assassination in 44 B.C., but most of the playwright's Roman based plays. Shakespeare took great liberties with history, condensing three years of battle into six days, expanding the roles of Portia and Calpurnia and putting his own words into the mouths of the historic figures.
The staging I chose was the BBC Television Shakespeare production from 1979 starring Charles Gray as Caesar, Richard Pasco as Brutus and Keith Mitchell as Marc Antony. There were no familiar faces to me in the cast, but they acquit themselves well, particularly David Collings as Cassius. The set design and movement for the first two thirds of the production were rich and invigorating. As for the play, I was not very compelled. Much of it felt like I was checking a box off, or worse, completing an assignment for school. The major attribute of Julius Caesar is Shakespeare's atom-splitting dialogue, some of which has transcended centuries.
Act one, Scene 2. SOOTHSAYER: Beware the ides of March.
Act one, Scene 2. CASSIUS: Men at some time are masters of their fates: the fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves, that we are underlings. Brutus and Caesar: what should be that 'Caesar'? Why should that name be sounded more than yours?
Act one, Scene 2. CASCA: It was Greek to me.
Act three, Scene 1. CAESAR: Et tu, Brute? Then fall, Caesar!
Act three, Scene 1. ANTONY: And Caesar's spirit, ranging for revenge, with Ate by his side come hot from hell, shall in these confines with a monarch's voice cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war, that this foul deed shall smell above the earth with carrion men, groaning for burial.
Act three, Scene 2. ANTONY: Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them. The good is oft interred with their bones. So let it be with Caesar.
Act four, Scene 1. ANTONY: Octavius, I have seen more days than you. And though we lay these honours on this man, to ease ourselves of divers sland'rous loads, he shall but bear them as the ass bears gold, to groan and sweat under the business, either lead or driven, as we point the way. And having brought our treasure where we will, then take we down his load, and turn him off, like to the empty ass, to shake his ears and graze in commons.
Julius Caesar chronicles the plot of eight Roman senators, instigated by the lean and hungry Cassius and fronted by the stoic orator Brutus, to murder the populist Julius Caesar, who the Roman senate is preparing to crown as king. There are a few exciting parallels to recent events in the U.S., with men of honorable intentions conspiring against a leader in the name of freedom, when really, they're envious of his popularity and fearful of his mandate to change things. Shakespeare also demonstrates the fickleness of the public to hail Caesar as a champion one moment and curse him as a tyrant the next, based on what's trending in the Forum.
There are two female roles in the play: Brutus' wife Portia and Caesar's wife Calpurnia. They're almost the same part, wary of the danger to their powerful husbands and not wanting them to leave the house. Of course, neither Brutus or Caesar pay any attention, going to capitol and getting their fool selves killed, ultimately. I was compelled here or there by Shakespeare's facility with witty dialogue, particularly the opening scene of the play featuring Roman rabble marching to hail great Caesar, but the play is hardly funny considering the subject matter. The last third drags with asinine battle involving characters I never felt compelled with emotionally.
Joe's Current Ranking of Shakespeare Plays (From Most to Least Favorite):
1) Hamlet
2) Much Ado About Nothing
3) Twelfth Night
4) As You Like It
5) Macbeth
6) The Merchant of Venice
7) A Midsummer Night's Dream
8) Othello
9) Julius Caesar
10) King Lear
11) Romeo and Juliet
12) The Taming of the Shrew
13) The Tempest
Scholars estimate that Julius Caesar was written in 1599 and was probably one of the first plays to be performed at the Globe Theatre in Southwark, which began construction in January of that year. Sir Thomas North's translation of Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans by Plutarch provided Shakespeare with much material, not only his dramatization of Caesar's assassination in 44 B.C., but most of the playwright's Roman based plays. Shakespeare took great liberties with history, condensing three years of battle into six days, expanding the roles of Portia and Calpurnia and putting his own words into the mouths of the historic figures.
The staging I chose was the BBC Television Shakespeare production from 1979 starring Charles Gray as Caesar, Richard Pasco as Brutus and Keith Mitchell as Marc Antony. There were no familiar faces to me in the cast, but they acquit themselves well, particularly David Collings as Cassius. The set design and movement for the first two thirds of the production were rich and invigorating. As for the play, I was not very compelled. Much of it felt like I was checking a box off, or worse, completing an assignment for school. The major attribute of Julius Caesar is Shakespeare's atom-splitting dialogue, some of which has transcended centuries.
Act one, Scene 2. SOOTHSAYER: Beware the ides of March.
Act one, Scene 2. CASSIUS: Men at some time are masters of their fates: the fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves, that we are underlings. Brutus and Caesar: what should be that 'Caesar'? Why should that name be sounded more than yours?
Act one, Scene 2. CASCA: It was Greek to me.
Act three, Scene 1. CAESAR: Et tu, Brute? Then fall, Caesar!
Act three, Scene 1. ANTONY: And Caesar's spirit, ranging for revenge, with Ate by his side come hot from hell, shall in these confines with a monarch's voice cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war, that this foul deed shall smell above the earth with carrion men, groaning for burial.
Act three, Scene 2. ANTONY: Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them. The good is oft interred with their bones. So let it be with Caesar.
Act four, Scene 1. ANTONY: Octavius, I have seen more days than you. And though we lay these honours on this man, to ease ourselves of divers sland'rous loads, he shall but bear them as the ass bears gold, to groan and sweat under the business, either lead or driven, as we point the way. And having brought our treasure where we will, then take we down his load, and turn him off, like to the empty ass, to shake his ears and graze in commons.
Julius Caesar chronicles the plot of eight Roman senators, instigated by the lean and hungry Cassius and fronted by the stoic orator Brutus, to murder the populist Julius Caesar, who the Roman senate is preparing to crown as king. There are a few exciting parallels to recent events in the U.S., with men of honorable intentions conspiring against a leader in the name of freedom, when really, they're envious of his popularity and fearful of his mandate to change things. Shakespeare also demonstrates the fickleness of the public to hail Caesar as a champion one moment and curse him as a tyrant the next, based on what's trending in the Forum.
There are two female roles in the play: Brutus' wife Portia and Caesar's wife Calpurnia. They're almost the same part, wary of the danger to their powerful husbands and not wanting them to leave the house. Of course, neither Brutus or Caesar pay any attention, going to capitol and getting their fool selves killed, ultimately. I was compelled here or there by Shakespeare's facility with witty dialogue, particularly the opening scene of the play featuring Roman rabble marching to hail great Caesar, but the play is hardly funny considering the subject matter. The last third drags with asinine battle involving characters I never felt compelled with emotionally.
Joe's Current Ranking of Shakespeare Plays (From Most to Least Favorite):
1) Hamlet
2) Much Ado About Nothing
3) Twelfth Night
4) As You Like It
5) Macbeth
6) The Merchant of Venice
7) A Midsummer Night's Dream
8) Othello
9) Julius Caesar
10) King Lear
11) Romeo and Juliet
12) The Taming of the Shrew
13) The Tempest
March 30, 2013
What is this play about? Is it about Julius Caesar, as the title says? Well, he is assassinated half way through the play and disappears (Act 3, scene 2). Granted, his ghost reappears later on, but it is not the ghost of the caliber of Mozart鈥檚 (and Lorenzo da Ponte鈥檚) commanding Commendatore. JC鈥檚 ghost exists only in Brutus mind as his conscience. For even if Brutus thinks that it is the ghost鈥檚 revenge to 鈥渢urn our swords toward our own stomachs鈥�, the only time the ghost speaks is to say 鈥淚 am your evil spirit, Brutus鈥�.
JC does not seem to have a huge stature anyway. His triumph celebrated at the beginning is not Rome鈥檚 but his very own, since his victory consists of having defeated Pompey鈥檚 sons, i.e. his personal enemies and not the enemies of Rome. We also see that his wife Calpurnia has little trouble in convincing him not to go to the Senate, and only a moment later Decius easily changes his mind again and persuades him to go nonetheless. When he subsequently preaches his own steeliness to the senators (鈥淚 could be well moved if I were as you... 鈥�), he is not believable. He just seems conceited.
So, no, I do not think it is about JC.
May be the play is about Brutus, the most interesting of the characters and the one with the most lines. He is drawn into the plot by Cassius鈥檚 astuteness and tricks, and throughout the play we are reminded that he is acting with the good of Rome as his main objective. His famous soliloquy in Act II is a defense of the nobility of the act. But both his weakness in falling prey to Cassius conniving and the loss of empathy when he coldly dismisses the memories of his deceased and yet beloved wife (鈥淣o more, I pray you鈥︹€�) detract from his being the prime candidate. No, in spite of Antony鈥檚 words at the end (鈥淭his was the noblest Roman of them all鈥︹€�), he remains elusive.
Cassius's role is that of Best Supporting Actor.
The play ends leaving the future eerily open. From history we know what happened next and the cotemporary public must have also known it, but there is no hint in the play on which way Rome will go not even on what the alternatives are.
Of course there are always the eternity themes that Shakespeare is so extraordinary at developing and with which his plays are always loaded, themes as Ambition, Loyalty, Omens and Destiny, etc鈥� Analyses of these are well trodden.
I will not venture in this fertile direction.
In previous readings I was approaching the plays by William Shakespeare as Classics existing in the historical vacuum of eternity. But in my current protracted reading of these works, it is the parallels of the plots with contemporary events or circumstances that are interesting me greatly.
In 1599 when the play was first performed (possibly the first in the new Globe Theatre) Queen Elizabeth was 66 but looked and acted a lot older. She had lost a lot of her glamour and the icon-making machinery had begun. The boost that the triumph over the Spaniards had brought was eroding, and new problems with Ireland were coming to the limelight. The bitter rivalry between the Earl of Essex and Lord Burghley, and later with the son Robert Cecil, was keeping courtiers at bay. The secret services were increasing their control and pressure which only contributed to a greater feeling of terror. And meanwhile, there was still no clear heir to the throne. People must have felt rather itchy about the political instability and the uncertainty that the immediate future held.
Of course causality between events of the day and a play produced in any given period are hard to detect, let alone to prove. This is not a play-脿-clef. But in choosing plots and devising how to develop them, Shakespeare must have known what would ring a bell in the minds of the public. If, when seeking entertainment, the Londoners were to choose a play over bear-biting, the play had to be engaging. The author's ability in verbalizing human passions by reminding everybody of their concerns is what makes these plays so very special.
I see then Julius Caesar as a tragedy without a hero. And the open 鈥渨hat now?鈥� with which it closes, can be better understood if we become aware of the insecurities with which contemporary audience were about to enter into the following century.
PS: Orson Welles put on a production in 1937 in which the setting was the contemporary Fascist and Nazi Europe (Caesar as Mussolini?). This is available as Audio. A GR friend recommended the modern film 鈥淢e and Orson Welles鈥� in which it seems some of the OW original footage has been included. I have ordered this DVD but have not seen it yet. I can鈥檛 wait.
PPS: The film disappointingly does not include any original footage of the 1937 play, and is somewhat silly.
JC does not seem to have a huge stature anyway. His triumph celebrated at the beginning is not Rome鈥檚 but his very own, since his victory consists of having defeated Pompey鈥檚 sons, i.e. his personal enemies and not the enemies of Rome. We also see that his wife Calpurnia has little trouble in convincing him not to go to the Senate, and only a moment later Decius easily changes his mind again and persuades him to go nonetheless. When he subsequently preaches his own steeliness to the senators (鈥淚 could be well moved if I were as you... 鈥�), he is not believable. He just seems conceited.
So, no, I do not think it is about JC.
May be the play is about Brutus, the most interesting of the characters and the one with the most lines. He is drawn into the plot by Cassius鈥檚 astuteness and tricks, and throughout the play we are reminded that he is acting with the good of Rome as his main objective. His famous soliloquy in Act II is a defense of the nobility of the act. But both his weakness in falling prey to Cassius conniving and the loss of empathy when he coldly dismisses the memories of his deceased and yet beloved wife (鈥淣o more, I pray you鈥︹€�) detract from his being the prime candidate. No, in spite of Antony鈥檚 words at the end (鈥淭his was the noblest Roman of them all鈥︹€�), he remains elusive.
Cassius's role is that of Best Supporting Actor.
The play ends leaving the future eerily open. From history we know what happened next and the cotemporary public must have also known it, but there is no hint in the play on which way Rome will go not even on what the alternatives are.
Of course there are always the eternity themes that Shakespeare is so extraordinary at developing and with which his plays are always loaded, themes as Ambition, Loyalty, Omens and Destiny, etc鈥� Analyses of these are well trodden.
I will not venture in this fertile direction.
In previous readings I was approaching the plays by William Shakespeare as Classics existing in the historical vacuum of eternity. But in my current protracted reading of these works, it is the parallels of the plots with contemporary events or circumstances that are interesting me greatly.
In 1599 when the play was first performed (possibly the first in the new Globe Theatre) Queen Elizabeth was 66 but looked and acted a lot older. She had lost a lot of her glamour and the icon-making machinery had begun. The boost that the triumph over the Spaniards had brought was eroding, and new problems with Ireland were coming to the limelight. The bitter rivalry between the Earl of Essex and Lord Burghley, and later with the son Robert Cecil, was keeping courtiers at bay. The secret services were increasing their control and pressure which only contributed to a greater feeling of terror. And meanwhile, there was still no clear heir to the throne. People must have felt rather itchy about the political instability and the uncertainty that the immediate future held.
Of course causality between events of the day and a play produced in any given period are hard to detect, let alone to prove. This is not a play-脿-clef. But in choosing plots and devising how to develop them, Shakespeare must have known what would ring a bell in the minds of the public. If, when seeking entertainment, the Londoners were to choose a play over bear-biting, the play had to be engaging. The author's ability in verbalizing human passions by reminding everybody of their concerns is what makes these plays so very special.
I see then Julius Caesar as a tragedy without a hero. And the open 鈥渨hat now?鈥� with which it closes, can be better understood if we become aware of the insecurities with which contemporary audience were about to enter into the following century.
PS: Orson Welles put on a production in 1937 in which the setting was the contemporary Fascist and Nazi Europe (Caesar as Mussolini?). This is available as Audio. A GR friend recommended the modern film 鈥淢e and Orson Welles鈥� in which it seems some of the OW original footage has been included. I have ordered this DVD but have not seen it yet. I can鈥檛 wait.
PPS: The film disappointingly does not include any original footage of the 1937 play, and is somewhat silly.
March 11, 2017
兀賻賮賻賰購賳賭賭鬲購賭賲 鬲購賮賻賭囟賽賾賭賱賭賭賵賳 兀賻賳 賷賻毓賷卮賻 賯賻賷賿賭賭賭氐賻乇 , 賵賻兀賳 鬲賻賭賲賵鬲購賭賭賵丕 噩賻賲賭賭賷毓丕賸 毓亘賷賭賭賭丿丕賸 賱賴 , 毓賱賶 兀賻賳 賷賻賭賭賲購賭賭賭賵鬲 賯賻賷賿氐賻賭賭賭賭賭乇 , 賵兀賳 鬲毓賷賭賭賭卮購賭賵丕 噩賻賲賷賭賭毓丕賸 乇賽噩賻丕賱賭賭丕賸 兀賻丨賭賭乇丕乇丕 責
卮賰爻亘賷乇 , 賷丕 毓賲 卮賰爻亘賷乇 .
賲丕匕丕 鬲賮毓賱 亘賷 亘丕賱賱賴 毓賱賷賰 責
兀賳賾賶 賱賰賻 亘賴匕賴 丕賱賯丿乇丞 兀賳 鬲賰鬲亘 賵鬲丨賱賱 賵鬲卮乇丨 兀賰孬乇 丕賱丕卮賷丕亍 鬲毓賯賷丿丕賸 , 孬賲 鬲噩賲毓賴丕 賮賷 亘丕賯丞 賲賲賷夭丞 賲賳 丕賱賰賱丕賲 丕賱賮氐賷丨 賵丕賱卮丕毓乇賷賾 丕賱噩賲賷賱 責 ...
賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇 , 丕賷賯丕毓 丕爻賲賴 亘賳賮爻賴 毓賱賶 丕匕賳 丕賱爻丕賲毓 賲賴賷亘 ! 賮賰賷賮 亘兀賳 鬲毓賱賲 爻賷乇丞 丨賷丕鬲賴 賵亘胤賵賱丕鬲賴 責
賯賷氐乇 賴匕丕 , 賴賵 丕賱睾丕夭賷 丕賱賰亘賷乇 , 賵丿賰鬲丕鬲賵乇 乇賵賲丕 丕賱卮賴賷乇 ,
賷購賯丕乇賳 賴匕丕 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 亘噩賳賰賷夭 禺丕賳 賵賳丕亘賱賷賵賳 賵賴鬲賱乇 ,
賮賮賷 兀賵乇賵亘丕 , 賰丕賳 丕爻賲賴 賵丨丿賴 賰丕賮賺 賱丕爻賰丕鬲 毓賵賷賱 丕賱兀胤賮丕賱 , 賵賰丕賳 賮賷 賯賱賵亘 兀毓丿丕卅賴 乇賴亘丞 賲賳賴 毓馗賷賲丞 .
賵賰賷賮 賱丕 責 賵賴賵 睾丕夭賷 亘賱丕丿 丕賱亘乇賷鬲賵賳
賵賲丨胤賲 乇丐賵爻 亘賱丕丿 丕賱睾丕賱 :
賵丿賰鬲丕鬲賵乇 乇賵賲丕 !
廿賳賾賴 亘丕禺鬲氐丕乇 :
賯賻賷賿賭賭賭賭賭氐賻乇 ~ 毓賻馗賷賭賭賭賭賲購 丕賱乇購賾賵賲
**
賴匕賴 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 鬲毓賻丿賾 賲賳 兀賵丕卅賱 賲丕 賰鬲亘 卮賰爻亘賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 , 賮亘毓丿 丕賳鬲賴丕卅賴 賲賳 賰鬲丕亘丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 賲賱賵賰 兀賵乇賵亘丕 (賴鬲乇賷 賵乇賷鬲卮丕乇丿 賵丕賱賲賱賰 噩賵賳) ,
噩丕亍 亘鬲乇噩賲丞 賱賰鬲丕亘 "丕賱爻賾賷乇" 賱亘賱賵鬲丕乇賰 賵丕賱匕賷 賴賵 賲賳 鬲乇丕噩賲 賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇 , 孬賲 丨賵賱賴丕 賲毓 賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱鬲氐乇賾賮 丕賱賶 賲丕丿丞 賲爻乇丨賷丞 賲鬲卮乇賾亘丞 賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丕賮賰丕乇 .
賵賲賳 兀亘乇夭 賲丕 賮毓賱賴 卮賰爻亘賷乇 賵賮賷賴 鬲鬲噩賱賾賶 毓亘賯乇賷鬲賴 賴賵 丕賳鬲賯丕卅賴 賱賱賲丕丿丞 丕賱賲鬲賵賮乇丞 賮賷 丕賱賲氐丿乇 , 賵賮賷賲丕 兀囟丕賮賴 賲賳 賲禺賷賾賱鬲賴 賵賯賵賱亘鬲賴 賱賱兀丨丿丕孬 亘胤乇賷賯鬲賴 丕賱卮賰爻亘賷乇賷丞 ,
賲爻鬲禺丿賲丕 賳賮爻 丕賱鬲賯賳賷丕鬲 賮賷 鬲氐賵賷乇 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 賰丕賱鬲賷 丕爻鬲禺丿賲賴丕 賮賷 "賲賰亘孬" 賲孬賱丕 ..
賵亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷 , 賮廿賳 鬲丨賱賷賱 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賵丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賳賴丕 賷噩亘 兀賳 賷兀鬲賷 毓賱賶 3 賮賯乇丕鬲 :
賵賴賷 :
- 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 (丕賱卮毓亘)
- 丕賱賲賱賰 (賯賷氐乇)
- 丕賱賵胤賳 (乇賵賲丕)
賮賱賳亘丿兀 :D :
1 ~ 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳
賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 卮賰爻亘賷乇 毓賱賶 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賮賷 賲爻乇丨賷鬲賴 , 賴賷 賳馗乇丞 丕賱賶 "丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓 丕賵 丕賱鬲噩賲毓 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳賷 " 賵賱賷爻 毓賱賶 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賰賮乇丿 .
賮匕賰乇 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賮賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賱賲 賷兀鬲 丕賱賶 賮賷 丕賱賯爻賲 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賲賳賴丕 , 亘毓丿 賲賵鬲 賯賷氐乇 , 賵賴賵 丕賱匕賷 賷賲孬賱 卮毓亘 乇賵賲丕 丕賱賲丕卮賷 賲毓 丕賱鬲賷丕乇 .
賷氐賵賾乇 賱賳丕 卮賰爻亘賷乇 丕賱卮毓亘 亘兀賳賴賲 賲噩鬲賲毓 賲毓 丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 , 丕賱匕賷賳 賷鬲兀孬乇賵賳 亘丕賱毓賵丕胤賮 兀賷賲丕 鬲兀孬乇 ,
賵丕賱匕賷賳 鬲丨乇賰賴賲 丕賱賰賱賲丕鬲 賮賯胤 賷賲賷賳丕 賵卮賲丕賱丕 , 賮鬲丕乇丞 賲毓 賯賷氐乇 賵鬲丕乇丞 賲毓 亘乇賵鬲賷 賵鬲丕乇丞 賲毓 兀賳胤賵賳賷賵 ,
賵賴賷 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 -亘賱丕 卮賰- 賯乇賷亘丞 賲賳 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 , 賮賯丿 鬲丨丿賾孬 賱賵亘賵賳 毓賳賴丕 賰孬賷乇 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賮賷 "爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇" , 賵賲丕 夭賱鬲 兀匕賰乇 賯賵賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷賾
(賳賷噩乇賵夭賷)
毓賳 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇 丨賷賳 賳購毓賽鬲賵丕 亘 " 丕賱丕睾亘賷丕亍" 賯丕賱 : " 廿賳賴賲 兀睾亘賷丕亍 , 賵賱賰賳賴賲 賰購賭孬乇 " , 賵賴匕丕 噩丿賾 氐丨賷丨 .
賱匕賱丕 兀賵賱賶 卮賰爻亘賷乇 兀賴賲賷丞 賰亘賷乇丞 賱賴賲 賮賷 賲噩乇賶 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 毓賱賶 賲乇 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 .
賮亘丿賵賳賴賲 , 賱丕 賲毓賳賶 賱賯賷氐乇 , 賵賱丕 賱睾賷乇賴 ...
2 ~ 丕賱賲賱賰
賱賲 賷購丨爻賳 卮賰爻亘賷乇 鬲氐賵賷乇 賯賷氐乇 , 賵賱丕 兀賳氐丨 賱賯丕乇卅 賴匕賴 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 兀賳 賷鬲禺匕賴丕 賰兀爻丕爻 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 ,
賮廿賳 賯賷氐乇 賴賳丕 , 賴賵 乇噩賱 兀購毓胤賶 丕賱爻賱胤丞 亘睾賷乇 丨爻丕亘 , 賷爻賴賱 丕賱鬲丨賰賲 賮賷賴 , 夭賵噩鬲賴 鬲賯賵賱 卮賷卅丕 賮賷胤賷毓賴丕 ,
賵氐丿賷賯賴 賷賯賵賱 卮賷卅丕 賮賷禺丕賱賮 夭賵噩鬲賴 賵賷胤賷毓賴 , 賵氐賵賾乇賴 卮賰爻亘賷乇 毓賱賶 兀賳賴 賲鬲氐賳賾毓 丕賱卮噩丕毓丞 賱丕 賲鬲賱亘賾爻 賱賴丕 .
賮丨賷賳 鬲賳亘兀賴 夭賵噩鬲賴 兀賳賴 賲賷鬲 賵賴賷 丨賱賲鬲 亘匕賱賰 ,
賷氐乇禺 賵賷賯賵賱 賱賴丕 : " 丕賱噩購亘賻賳賭丕亍購 賷賻賲購賭賵鬲購賵賳賻 賲賽乇賻丕乇丕賸 賯賻賭亘賱賻 賲賻賵賿鬲賽賴賭賲 , 兀賲賾丕 丕賱卮賾賭噩賿毓賻丕賳購 賮賻賱丕 賷賻匕賵賯購賭賵賳賻 胤賻毓賭賭賲賻 丕賱賲賻賵賿鬲賽 廿賽賱賾丕 賲賻乇賻賾丞賸 賵丕丨賽賭賭丿賻丞 "
賵毓賳丿 賯賵賱賴 賱賴匕賴 丕賱賲賯賵賱丞 , 鬲匕賰乇鬲 賮賵乇丕 賯賵賱 爻丕乇丕賲丕睾賵 :
鈥溬嗁傎堎� 廿賳賳丕 亘禺賷乇 丨鬲賶 賱賵 賰賳丕 賳丨鬲囟乇. 賵賴匕丕 賲鬲毓丕乇賮 毓賱賷賴 亘兀賳賴 丕爻鬲噩賲丕毓 賱賱卮噩丕毓丞貙賵賴賷 馗丕賴乇丞 賱賲 鬲毓乇賮 廿賱丕 賱丿賶 丕賱亘卮乇.鈥�
賵賱賰賳 賯賷氐乇 氐賵賾乇 亘胤賮賵賱丞 賯賵賱賴 賴匕丕 , 賵賱丕 囟賷乇 ...
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賮賷 噩賵賱噩賵孬丕 , 氐購賱亘 賷賴賵匕丕 丕賱丕爻禺乇賷賵胤賷 ,
賵賮賷 爻丕丨丞 賵丕鬲乇賱賵 , 鬲乇賰 丕賱噩賳賵丿 丕賱丨乇亘 賵禺丕賳賵丕 賳丕亘賱賷賵賳 ,
賵賮賷 賯氐乇 乇賵賲丕 , 賴噩賲 丕賱兀禺 毓賱賶 兀禺賵賴 ,
賮賲丕 丕賱乇丕亘胤 亘賷賳 丕賱賯氐氐 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞 責
丕賱乇丕亘胤 賴賵 卮賷亍 賵丕丨丿 , 鬲賮爻賾乇賴 賲賯賵賱丞 " 丕丨匕乇 賲賳 氐丿賷賯賰 兀賱賮 賲乇丞 " , 賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇 丕賱匕賷 兀噩亘乇 兀賵乇賵亘丕 毓賱賶 丕賱乇賰賵毓 鬲丨鬲 賯丿賲賷賴 ,
賯鬲賱 賲賳 兀毓夭 丕氐丿賯丕卅賴 , 亘乇賵鬲爻 , 賵禺賱丿鬲 賰賱賲鬲賴 丕賱毓馗賷賲丞 賯亘賱 賲賵鬲賴 亘賱丨馗丕鬲 鬲禺賱賷丿丕 毓馗賷賲丕 .
丨賷賳 賯丕賱 :
Ettu, Brute?
" 丨鬲賶 兀賳鬲 , 亘乇賵鬲爻 責 "
賱匕賱賰 , 鬲乇鬲賮毓 賯賷賲丞 賴匕賴 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賱賷爻 賮賯胤 賰賵賳賴丕 賲爻乇丨賷丞 噩賷丿丞 丕賱鬲賰賵賷賳 , 亘賱 賱兀賳賴丕 賲禺賱賾丿丞 賱丕丨丿賶 兀毓馗賲 丕賱賱丨馗丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 , 賵禺丕氐丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷 .
3~ 丕賱賵胤賳
乇賵賲丕 ! 兀賷賿 乇賵賲丕 丕賱毓夭賷夭丞 !
賲丕 賰賳鬲賽 , 賵賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 賴賷卅鬲賰 責
賴賱 丕賳鬲 爻丕丨乇丞 賮兀氐亘丨 賯鬲賱 賯賷氐乇 賴賷賾賳 賱賱亘卮乇 責 兀賲 兀賳賰 賰賳鬲 兀爻丕爻丕 賵賴賲賷丕 賱鬲亘乇賷乇 賯鬲賱賴 責
丕毓賱賲賵丕 賷丕 丕氐丿賯丕亍 , 兀賳 乇賵賲丕 賴賷 爻亘亘 賰賱 丕賱賲卮丕賰賱 賮賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 ,
賵丕毓賱賲賵丕 兀賷囟丕 兀賳賴丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱乇丕亘胤 丕賱賵丨賷丿 亘賷賳 賰賱 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 , 賮賱賵 丕禺鬲賱賮 賰賱 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 , 賷亘賯賶 丕鬲賮丕賯賴購賲購 賴賱賶 卮賷亍 賵丕丨丿 ,
兀賱丕 賵賴賵 丨亘賾 乇賵賲丕 賵丕賱鬲囟丨賷丞 賱賴丕
丕賳 丕賱爻賷賵賮 丕賱鬲賷 賯鬲賱鬲 賯賷氐乇 , 賰丕賳鬲 亘丕爻賲 乇賵賲丕 .
賵丕賳 丕賱丕乇囟 丕賱鬲賷 賯鬲賱 賮賷賴丕 賯賷氐乇 , 賴賷 丕乇囟 乇賵賲丕 ,
賵丕賳 丕賱丿賲 丕賱匕賷 爻丕賱 賲賳 賯賷氐乇 兀賵 賲賳 毓丿賵賴 , 賰丕賳賵丕 亘賱賵賳 乇賵賲丕 ,
賵賴賰匕丕 : 乇賵賲丕 乇賵賲丕 乇賵賲丕 ....
賴賰匕丕 , 兀乇囟 乇賵賲丕 賴賷 兀乇囟 丕賱賳夭丕毓 賵丕賱丨亘 .
賵鬲亘賯賶 丕賱賰賱賲丞 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賱賴丕 亘乇賵鬲爻 賯亘賱 丕賳鬲丨丕乇賴 :
乇賵賲賭賭賭賭丕 !
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爻兀禺鬲賲 亘爻乇毓丞 :
丕賳 賱賲 鬲賯乇兀 賲爻乇丨賷丞 "賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇 " 賱卮賰爻亘賷乇 ,
賮兀賳氐丨賰 兀賳 鬲賯乇丕 賲爻乇丨賷丞 "賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇" 賱卮賰爻亘賷乇 :D
鬲賲 亘丨賲丿 丕賱賱賴
卮賰爻亘賷乇 , 賷丕 毓賲 卮賰爻亘賷乇 .
賲丕匕丕 鬲賮毓賱 亘賷 亘丕賱賱賴 毓賱賷賰 責
兀賳賾賶 賱賰賻 亘賴匕賴 丕賱賯丿乇丞 兀賳 鬲賰鬲亘 賵鬲丨賱賱 賵鬲卮乇丨 兀賰孬乇 丕賱丕卮賷丕亍 鬲毓賯賷丿丕賸 , 孬賲 鬲噩賲毓賴丕 賮賷 亘丕賯丞 賲賲賷夭丞 賲賳 丕賱賰賱丕賲 丕賱賮氐賷丨 賵丕賱卮丕毓乇賷賾 丕賱噩賲賷賱 責 ...
賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇 , 丕賷賯丕毓 丕爻賲賴 亘賳賮爻賴 毓賱賶 丕匕賳 丕賱爻丕賲毓 賲賴賷亘 ! 賮賰賷賮 亘兀賳 鬲毓賱賲 爻賷乇丞 丨賷丕鬲賴 賵亘胤賵賱丕鬲賴 責
賯賷氐乇 賴匕丕 , 賴賵 丕賱睾丕夭賷 丕賱賰亘賷乇 , 賵丿賰鬲丕鬲賵乇 乇賵賲丕 丕賱卮賴賷乇 ,
賷購賯丕乇賳 賴匕丕 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 亘噩賳賰賷夭 禺丕賳 賵賳丕亘賱賷賵賳 賵賴鬲賱乇 ,
賮賮賷 兀賵乇賵亘丕 , 賰丕賳 丕爻賲賴 賵丨丿賴 賰丕賮賺 賱丕爻賰丕鬲 毓賵賷賱 丕賱兀胤賮丕賱 , 賵賰丕賳 賮賷 賯賱賵亘 兀毓丿丕卅賴 乇賴亘丞 賲賳賴 毓馗賷賲丞 .
賵賰賷賮 賱丕 責 賵賴賵 睾丕夭賷 亘賱丕丿 丕賱亘乇賷鬲賵賳
賵賲丨胤賲 乇丐賵爻 亘賱丕丿 丕賱睾丕賱 :
賵丿賰鬲丕鬲賵乇 乇賵賲丕 !
廿賳賾賴 亘丕禺鬲氐丕乇 :
賯賻賷賿賭賭賭賭賭氐賻乇 ~ 毓賻馗賷賭賭賭賭賲購 丕賱乇購賾賵賲
**
賴匕賴 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 鬲毓賻丿賾 賲賳 兀賵丕卅賱 賲丕 賰鬲亘 卮賰爻亘賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丕鬲 , 賮亘毓丿 丕賳鬲賴丕卅賴 賲賳 賰鬲丕亘丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 賲賱賵賰 兀賵乇賵亘丕 (賴鬲乇賷 賵乇賷鬲卮丕乇丿 賵丕賱賲賱賰 噩賵賳) ,
噩丕亍 亘鬲乇噩賲丞 賱賰鬲丕亘 "丕賱爻賾賷乇" 賱亘賱賵鬲丕乇賰 賵丕賱匕賷 賴賵 賲賳 鬲乇丕噩賲 賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇 , 孬賲 丨賵賱賴丕 賲毓 賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱鬲氐乇賾賮 丕賱賶 賲丕丿丞 賲爻乇丨賷丞 賲鬲卮乇賾亘丞 賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱丕賮賰丕乇 .
賵賲賳 兀亘乇夭 賲丕 賮毓賱賴 卮賰爻亘賷乇 賵賮賷賴 鬲鬲噩賱賾賶 毓亘賯乇賷鬲賴 賴賵 丕賳鬲賯丕卅賴 賱賱賲丕丿丞 丕賱賲鬲賵賮乇丞 賮賷 丕賱賲氐丿乇 , 賵賮賷賲丕 兀囟丕賮賴 賲賳 賲禺賷賾賱鬲賴 賵賯賵賱亘鬲賴 賱賱兀丨丿丕孬 亘胤乇賷賯鬲賴 丕賱卮賰爻亘賷乇賷丞 ,
賲爻鬲禺丿賲丕 賳賮爻 丕賱鬲賯賳賷丕鬲 賮賷 鬲氐賵賷乇 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 賰丕賱鬲賷 丕爻鬲禺丿賲賴丕 賮賷 "賲賰亘孬" 賲孬賱丕 ..
賵亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷 , 賮廿賳 鬲丨賱賷賱 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賵丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賳賴丕 賷噩亘 兀賳 賷兀鬲賷 毓賱賶 3 賮賯乇丕鬲 :
賵賴賷 :
- 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 (丕賱卮毓亘)
- 丕賱賲賱賰 (賯賷氐乇)
- 丕賱賵胤賳 (乇賵賲丕)
賮賱賳亘丿兀 :D :
1 ~ 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳
賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 卮賰爻亘賷乇 毓賱賶 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賮賷 賲爻乇丨賷鬲賴 , 賴賷 賳馗乇丞 丕賱賶 "丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓 丕賵 丕賱鬲噩賲毓 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳賷 " 賵賱賷爻 毓賱賶 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賰賮乇丿 .
賮匕賰乇 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賮賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賱賲 賷兀鬲 丕賱賶 賮賷 丕賱賯爻賲 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賲賳賴丕 , 亘毓丿 賲賵鬲 賯賷氐乇 , 賵賴賵 丕賱匕賷 賷賲孬賱 卮毓亘 乇賵賲丕 丕賱賲丕卮賷 賲毓 丕賱鬲賷丕乇 .
賷氐賵賾乇 賱賳丕 卮賰爻亘賷乇 丕賱卮毓亘 亘兀賳賴賲 賲噩鬲賲毓 賲毓 丕賱兀睾亘賷丕亍 , 丕賱匕賷賳 賷鬲兀孬乇賵賳 亘丕賱毓賵丕胤賮 兀賷賲丕 鬲兀孬乇 ,
賵丕賱匕賷賳 鬲丨乇賰賴賲 丕賱賰賱賲丕鬲 賮賯胤 賷賲賷賳丕 賵卮賲丕賱丕 , 賮鬲丕乇丞 賲毓 賯賷氐乇 賵鬲丕乇丞 賲毓 亘乇賵鬲賷 賵鬲丕乇丞 賲毓 兀賳胤賵賳賷賵 ,
賵賴賷 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 -亘賱丕 卮賰- 賯乇賷亘丞 賲賳 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 , 賮賯丿 鬲丨丿賾孬 賱賵亘賵賳 毓賳賴丕 賰孬賷乇 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賮賷 "爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇" , 賵賲丕 夭賱鬲 兀匕賰乇 賯賵賱 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷賾
(賳賷噩乇賵夭賷)
毓賳 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇 丨賷賳 賳購毓賽鬲賵丕 亘 " 丕賱丕睾亘賷丕亍" 賯丕賱 : " 廿賳賴賲 兀睾亘賷丕亍 , 賵賱賰賳賴賲 賰購賭孬乇 " , 賵賴匕丕 噩丿賾 氐丨賷丨 .
賱匕賱丕 兀賵賱賶 卮賰爻亘賷乇 兀賴賲賷丞 賰亘賷乇丞 賱賴賲 賮賷 賲噩乇賶 丕賱兀丨丿丕孬 毓賱賶 賲乇 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 .
賮亘丿賵賳賴賲 , 賱丕 賲毓賳賶 賱賯賷氐乇 , 賵賱丕 賱睾賷乇賴 ...
2 ~ 丕賱賲賱賰
賱賲 賷購丨爻賳 卮賰爻亘賷乇 鬲氐賵賷乇 賯賷氐乇 , 賵賱丕 兀賳氐丨 賱賯丕乇卅 賴匕賴 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 兀賳 賷鬲禺匕賴丕 賰兀爻丕爻 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 ,
賮廿賳 賯賷氐乇 賴賳丕 , 賴賵 乇噩賱 兀購毓胤賶 丕賱爻賱胤丞 亘睾賷乇 丨爻丕亘 , 賷爻賴賱 丕賱鬲丨賰賲 賮賷賴 , 夭賵噩鬲賴 鬲賯賵賱 卮賷卅丕 賮賷胤賷毓賴丕 ,
賵氐丿賷賯賴 賷賯賵賱 卮賷卅丕 賮賷禺丕賱賮 夭賵噩鬲賴 賵賷胤賷毓賴 , 賵氐賵賾乇賴 卮賰爻亘賷乇 毓賱賶 兀賳賴 賲鬲氐賳賾毓 丕賱卮噩丕毓丞 賱丕 賲鬲賱亘賾爻 賱賴丕 .
賮丨賷賳 鬲賳亘兀賴 夭賵噩鬲賴 兀賳賴 賲賷鬲 賵賴賷 丨賱賲鬲 亘匕賱賰 ,
賷氐乇禺 賵賷賯賵賱 賱賴丕 : " 丕賱噩購亘賻賳賭丕亍購 賷賻賲購賭賵鬲購賵賳賻 賲賽乇賻丕乇丕賸 賯賻賭亘賱賻 賲賻賵賿鬲賽賴賭賲 , 兀賲賾丕 丕賱卮賾賭噩賿毓賻丕賳購 賮賻賱丕 賷賻匕賵賯購賭賵賳賻 胤賻毓賭賭賲賻 丕賱賲賻賵賿鬲賽 廿賽賱賾丕 賲賻乇賻賾丞賸 賵丕丨賽賭賭丿賻丞 "
賵毓賳丿 賯賵賱賴 賱賴匕賴 丕賱賲賯賵賱丞 , 鬲匕賰乇鬲 賮賵乇丕 賯賵賱 爻丕乇丕賲丕睾賵 :
鈥溬嗁傎堎� 廿賳賳丕 亘禺賷乇 丨鬲賶 賱賵 賰賳丕 賳丨鬲囟乇. 賵賴匕丕 賲鬲毓丕乇賮 毓賱賷賴 亘兀賳賴 丕爻鬲噩賲丕毓 賱賱卮噩丕毓丞貙賵賴賷 馗丕賴乇丞 賱賲 鬲毓乇賮 廿賱丕 賱丿賶 丕賱亘卮乇.鈥�
賵賱賰賳 賯賷氐乇 氐賵賾乇 亘胤賮賵賱丞 賯賵賱賴 賴匕丕 , 賵賱丕 囟賷乇 ...
***
賮賷 噩賵賱噩賵孬丕 , 氐購賱亘 賷賴賵匕丕 丕賱丕爻禺乇賷賵胤賷 ,
賵賮賷 爻丕丨丞 賵丕鬲乇賱賵 , 鬲乇賰 丕賱噩賳賵丿 丕賱丨乇亘 賵禺丕賳賵丕 賳丕亘賱賷賵賳 ,
賵賮賷 賯氐乇 乇賵賲丕 , 賴噩賲 丕賱兀禺 毓賱賶 兀禺賵賴 ,
賮賲丕 丕賱乇丕亘胤 亘賷賳 丕賱賯氐氐 丕賱孬賱丕孬丞 責
丕賱乇丕亘胤 賴賵 卮賷亍 賵丕丨丿 , 鬲賮爻賾乇賴 賲賯賵賱丞 " 丕丨匕乇 賲賳 氐丿賷賯賰 兀賱賮 賲乇丞 " , 賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇 丕賱匕賷 兀噩亘乇 兀賵乇賵亘丕 毓賱賶 丕賱乇賰賵毓 鬲丨鬲 賯丿賲賷賴 ,
賯鬲賱 賲賳 兀毓夭 丕氐丿賯丕卅賴 , 亘乇賵鬲爻 , 賵禺賱丿鬲 賰賱賲鬲賴 丕賱毓馗賷賲丞 賯亘賱 賲賵鬲賴 亘賱丨馗丕鬲 鬲禺賱賷丿丕 毓馗賷賲丕 .
丨賷賳 賯丕賱 :
Ettu, Brute?
" 丨鬲賶 兀賳鬲 , 亘乇賵鬲爻 責 "
賱匕賱賰 , 鬲乇鬲賮毓 賯賷賲丞 賴匕賴 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 賱賷爻 賮賯胤 賰賵賳賴丕 賲爻乇丨賷丞 噩賷丿丞 丕賱鬲賰賵賷賳 , 亘賱 賱兀賳賴丕 賲禺賱賾丿丞 賱丕丨丿賶 兀毓馗賲 丕賱賱丨馗丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 , 賵禺丕氐丞 丕賱乇賵賲丕賳賷 .
3~ 丕賱賵胤賳
乇賵賲丕 ! 兀賷賿 乇賵賲丕 丕賱毓夭賷夭丞 !
賲丕 賰賳鬲賽 , 賵賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 賴賷卅鬲賰 責
賴賱 丕賳鬲 爻丕丨乇丞 賮兀氐亘丨 賯鬲賱 賯賷氐乇 賴賷賾賳 賱賱亘卮乇 責 兀賲 兀賳賰 賰賳鬲 兀爻丕爻丕 賵賴賲賷丕 賱鬲亘乇賷乇 賯鬲賱賴 責
丕毓賱賲賵丕 賷丕 丕氐丿賯丕亍 , 兀賳 乇賵賲丕 賴賷 爻亘亘 賰賱 丕賱賲卮丕賰賱 賮賷 丕賱賲爻乇丨賷丞 ,
賵丕毓賱賲賵丕 兀賷囟丕 兀賳賴丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱乇丕亘胤 丕賱賵丨賷丿 亘賷賳 賰賱 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 , 賮賱賵 丕禺鬲賱賮 賰賱 丕賱卮禺氐賷丕鬲 , 賷亘賯賶 丕鬲賮丕賯賴購賲購 賴賱賶 卮賷亍 賵丕丨丿 ,
兀賱丕 賵賴賵 丨亘賾 乇賵賲丕 賵丕賱鬲囟丨賷丞 賱賴丕
丕賳 丕賱爻賷賵賮 丕賱鬲賷 賯鬲賱鬲 賯賷氐乇 , 賰丕賳鬲 亘丕爻賲 乇賵賲丕 .
賵丕賳 丕賱丕乇囟 丕賱鬲賷 賯鬲賱 賮賷賴丕 賯賷氐乇 , 賴賷 丕乇囟 乇賵賲丕 ,
賵丕賳 丕賱丿賲 丕賱匕賷 爻丕賱 賲賳 賯賷氐乇 兀賵 賲賳 毓丿賵賴 , 賰丕賳賵丕 亘賱賵賳 乇賵賲丕 ,
賵賴賰匕丕 : 乇賵賲丕 乇賵賲丕 乇賵賲丕 ....
賴賰匕丕 , 兀乇囟 乇賵賲丕 賴賷 兀乇囟 丕賱賳夭丕毓 賵丕賱丨亘 .
賵鬲亘賯賶 丕賱賰賱賲丞 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賱賴丕 亘乇賵鬲爻 賯亘賱 丕賳鬲丨丕乇賴 :
乇賵賲賭賭賭賭丕 !
****
爻兀禺鬲賲 亘爻乇毓丞 :
丕賳 賱賲 鬲賯乇兀 賲爻乇丨賷丞 "賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇 " 賱卮賰爻亘賷乇 ,
賮兀賳氐丨賰 兀賳 鬲賯乇丕 賲爻乇丨賷丞 "賷賵賱賷賵爻 賯賷氐乇" 賱卮賰爻亘賷乇 :D
鬲賲 亘丨賲丿 丕賱賱賴
April 6, 2022
Et tu Brutus. Then fall Caesar.
Whether or not Julius Caesar ever spoke these words, they contain a wealth of meaning like the rest of Shakespeare鈥檚 extraordinary play. Even if Cicero is speaking Greek, and for the hapless Casca, 鈥渂ut those that understood him smiled at
one another and shook their heads; but, for mine own
part, it was Greek to me,鈥� even for readers more than four centuries later, the Bard still speaks directly to us about pride and arrogance, about hope and despair, and about the struggle of one man, Brutus, against his conscience trying to justify what he though was a righteous murder. However, this is Shakespeare, and the murder of a monarch never,ever goes well. Brutus was dumb to not also kill Antony, to let Antony speak after him and to meet Antony on the field of battle at Philippi. For my money, this is one of Shakespeare鈥檚 most straightforward narratives, one which many Americans and Europeans learned at school. The epic performances of Charlton Heston and Marlon Brando both playing Antony and haranguing the crowd with 鈥淏rutus is an honorable man鈥� still haunt us today. When we think of the dreams and innocence that died when Kennedy was assassinated, we can try to approach the pathos that Shakespeare captures in this moment.
Truly worth reading again (and again.)
Fino's Reviews of Shakespeare and Shakespearean Criticism
Comedies
The Comedy of Errors (1592-1593
The Taming of the Shrew (1593-1594)
The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594-1595)
Love's Labour's Lost (1594-1595)
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595-1596)
The Merchant of Venice (1596-1597)
Much Ado About Nothing (1598-1599)
As You Like It (1599-1600)
Twelfth Night (1599-1600)
The Merry Wives of Windsor (1600-1601)
All's Well That Ends Well (1602-1603)
Measure for Measure (1604-1605)
Cymbeline (1609-1610)
A Winter's Tale (1610-1611)
The Tempest (1611-1612)
Two Noble Kinsmen (1612-1613)
Histories
Henry VI Part I (1589-1590)
Henry VI Part II (1590-1591)
Henry VI Part III (1590-1591)
Richard III (1593-1594)
Richard II (1595-1596)
King John (1596-1597)
Edward III (1596-1597)
Henry IV Part I (1597-1598)
Henry IV Part II (1597-1598)
Henry V (1598-1599)
Henry VIII (1612-1612)
Tragedies
Titus Andronicus (1592-1593)
Romeo and Juliet (1594-1595)
Julius Caesar (1599-1600)
Hamlet (1600-1601)
Troilus and Cressida (1601-1602)
Othello (1604-1605)
King Lear (1605-1606)
Macbeth (1605-1606)
Anthony and Cleopatra (1606-1607)
Coriolanus (1607-1608)
Timon of Athens (1607-1608)
Pericles (1608-1609)
Shakespearean Criticism
The Wheel of Fire by Wilson Knight
A Natural Perspective by Northrop Frye
Shakespeare After All by Marjorie Garber
Shakespeare's Roman Plays and Their Background by M W MacCallum
Shakespearean Criticism 1919-1935 compiled by Anne Ridler
Shakespearean Tragedy by A.C. Bradley
Shakespeare's Sexual Comedy by Hugh M. Richmond
Shakespeare: The Comedies by R.P. Draper
Tyrant: Shakespeare on Politics by Stephen Greenblatt
1599: A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare by James Shapiro
Collections of Shakespeare
Venus and Adonis, the Rape of Lucrece and Other Poems
Shakespeare's Sonnets and a Lover's Complaint
The Complete Oxford Shakespeare
Whether or not Julius Caesar ever spoke these words, they contain a wealth of meaning like the rest of Shakespeare鈥檚 extraordinary play. Even if Cicero is speaking Greek, and for the hapless Casca, 鈥渂ut those that understood him smiled at
one another and shook their heads; but, for mine own
part, it was Greek to me,鈥� even for readers more than four centuries later, the Bard still speaks directly to us about pride and arrogance, about hope and despair, and about the struggle of one man, Brutus, against his conscience trying to justify what he though was a righteous murder. However, this is Shakespeare, and the murder of a monarch never,ever goes well. Brutus was dumb to not also kill Antony, to let Antony speak after him and to meet Antony on the field of battle at Philippi. For my money, this is one of Shakespeare鈥檚 most straightforward narratives, one which many Americans and Europeans learned at school. The epic performances of Charlton Heston and Marlon Brando both playing Antony and haranguing the crowd with 鈥淏rutus is an honorable man鈥� still haunt us today. When we think of the dreams and innocence that died when Kennedy was assassinated, we can try to approach the pathos that Shakespeare captures in this moment.
Truly worth reading again (and again.)
Fino's Reviews of Shakespeare and Shakespearean Criticism
Comedies
The Comedy of Errors (1592-1593
The Taming of the Shrew (1593-1594)
The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594-1595)
Love's Labour's Lost (1594-1595)
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595-1596)
The Merchant of Venice (1596-1597)
Much Ado About Nothing (1598-1599)
As You Like It (1599-1600)
Twelfth Night (1599-1600)
The Merry Wives of Windsor (1600-1601)
All's Well That Ends Well (1602-1603)
Measure for Measure (1604-1605)
Cymbeline (1609-1610)
A Winter's Tale (1610-1611)
The Tempest (1611-1612)
Two Noble Kinsmen (1612-1613)
Histories
Henry VI Part I (1589-1590)
Henry VI Part II (1590-1591)
Henry VI Part III (1590-1591)
Richard III (1593-1594)
Richard II (1595-1596)
King John (1596-1597)
Edward III (1596-1597)
Henry IV Part I (1597-1598)
Henry IV Part II (1597-1598)
Henry V (1598-1599)
Henry VIII (1612-1612)
Tragedies
Titus Andronicus (1592-1593)
Romeo and Juliet (1594-1595)
Julius Caesar (1599-1600)
Hamlet (1600-1601)
Troilus and Cressida (1601-1602)
Othello (1604-1605)
King Lear (1605-1606)
Macbeth (1605-1606)
Anthony and Cleopatra (1606-1607)
Coriolanus (1607-1608)
Timon of Athens (1607-1608)
Pericles (1608-1609)
Shakespearean Criticism
The Wheel of Fire by Wilson Knight
A Natural Perspective by Northrop Frye
Shakespeare After All by Marjorie Garber
Shakespeare's Roman Plays and Their Background by M W MacCallum
Shakespearean Criticism 1919-1935 compiled by Anne Ridler
Shakespearean Tragedy by A.C. Bradley
Shakespeare's Sexual Comedy by Hugh M. Richmond
Shakespeare: The Comedies by R.P. Draper
Tyrant: Shakespeare on Politics by Stephen Greenblatt
1599: A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare by James Shapiro
Collections of Shakespeare
Venus and Adonis, the Rape of Lucrece and Other Poems
Shakespeare's Sonnets and a Lover's Complaint
The Complete Oxford Shakespeare
March 27, 2025
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丕夭 卮賲丕 丿毓賵鬲 賲蹖讴賳賲 亘丕 禺賵丕賳丿賳 賲乇賵乇 夭蹖乇貙 賴賲乇丕賴 賲賳 亘賴 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賯蹖氐乇 丕夭 賲賳馗乇蹖 丿蹖诏乇_夭丕賵蹖賴 丿蹖丿 夭賳丕賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 _ 賳诏丕賴 讴賳蹖丿貙 賵 丕賳毓讴丕爻 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 賳丕卮賳蹖丿賴 卮丿賴鈥屰� 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 讴賲鈥屬佖辟堌贺� 丕賲丕 賲賴賲 丕蹖賳 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 亘丕卮蹖丿.
...........
"夭賳丕賳 賮乇丕賲賵卮鈥屫簇団€� 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇" 蹖丕 "趩賴 讴爻蹖 氐丿丕蹖 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 乇丕 卮賳蹖丿責"
賵賯鬲蹖 賳丕賲 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘賴 夭亘丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 匕賴賳鈥屬囏� 丕睾賱亘 賲乇丿丕賳 倬乇賴蹖丕賴賵蹖 乇賵賲 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賲蹖鈥屫①堌辟嗀� 爻夭丕乇 亘丕 鬲丕噩 丕賮鬲禺丕乇卮貙 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 亘丕 禺賳噩乇 倬賳賴丕賳卮貙 讴丕爻蹖賵爻 亘丕 鬲賵胤卅賴鈥屬囏й� 夭蹖乇讴丕賳賴鈥屫ж� 賵 丌賳鬲賵賳蹖 亘丕 賴賵卮 賵 亘賱丕睾鬲鈥屫ж�. 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴貙 讴賴 丿乇 賯賱亘 禺賵丿 乇丕賵蹖 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賯丿乇鬲 賵 禺蹖丕賳鬲 丕爻鬲貙 亘賴鈥屬嗀必� 丕夭 賲賳馗乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й屰� 丿蹖丿賴 卮丿賴 讴賴 丿乇 爻丕蹖賴鈥� 丕蹖賳 賲乇丿丕賳 丕蹖爻鬲丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 蹖毓賳蹖 夭賳丕賳. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕貙 賴賲爻乇 爻夭丕乇貙 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 賴賲爻乇 亘乇賵鬲賵爻貙 丕睾賱亘 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 丨丕卮蹖賴鈥屬囏й屰� 诏匕乇丕 丿乇 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏� 賵 诏賮鬲诏賵賴丕 賳丕丿蹖丿賴 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀�. 丕賲丕 丌蹖丕 丕蹖賳 亘蹖鈥屫堌囒� 毓丕丿賱丕賳賴 丕爻鬲責 丌蹖丕 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貙 丕蹖賳 賯氐賴鈥屭堐� 亘夭乇诏 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲貙 丿乇 禺賱賯 丕蹖賳 夭賳丕賳 氐乇賮丕賸 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 倬乇讴乇丿賳 氐丨賳賴 亘賵丿賴貙 蹖丕 趩蹖夭蹖 毓賲蹖賯鈥屫� 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 丕爻鬲責 丿乇 丕蹖賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵貙 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囐� 賳賵乇蹖 亘乇 丕蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘賴鈥屫肛з囏� 讴賲鈥屫辟嗂� 亘蹖丕賳丿丕夭賲 賵 賳卮丕賳 丿賴賲 讴賴 氐丿丕蹖 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 丕诏乇趩賴 丿乇 賴蹖丕賴賵蹖 乇賵賲 亘丕爻鬲丕賳 诏賲 卮丿賴貙 丕賲丕 丨丕賲賱 倬蹖丕賲蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賴賳賵夭 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 胤賳蹖賳鈥屫ж� 乇丕 卮賳蹖丿.
鈼� 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕貙 夭賳蹖 讴賴 賮乇蹖丕丿卮 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 睾乇賵乇 賳卮賳蹖丿賴 賲丕賳丿.
讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 丕賵賱蹖賳 亘丕乇 丿乇 倬乇丿賴鈥� 丿賵賲貙 氐丨賳賴鈥� 丕賵賱 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賳賴 亘丕 卮讴賵賴 賵 噩賱丕賱 蹖讴 賲賱讴賴貙 亘賱讴賴 亘丕 鬲乇爻 賵 丕賱鬲賲丕爻鈥屬囏й� 蹖讴 賴賲爻乇. 丕賵 丕夭 爻夭丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 讴賴 亘賴 爻賳丕 賳乇賵丿貙 趩乇丕 讴賴 乇賵蹖丕賴丕蹖卮 倬乇 丕夭 卮賵賲鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃� 丕爻鬲. 芦爻夭丕乇貙 賲賳 賴蹖趩鈥屬堎傌� 亘賴 賮丕賱鈥屬囏� 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 賳丿丕卮鬲賲貙 丕賲丕 丨丕賱丕 賲蹖鈥屫必迟吢� (倬乇丿賴 丿賵賲貙 氐丨賳賴 丿賵賲)貨 丕蹖賳 噩賲賱丕鬲 爻丕丿賴 丕賲丕 倬乇賲毓賳丕貙 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 乇丕 丕夭 蹖讴 賴賲爻乇 賲賳賮毓賱 亘賴 蹖讴 倬蹖卮鈥屭� 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴爻蹖 讴賴 賳賴 丕夭 爻乇 禺乇丕賮丕鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 丕夭 爻乇 卮賴賵丿 丕賳爻丕賳蹖貙 賮丕噩毓賴 乇丕 倬蹖卮鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃� 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 乇賵蹖丕賴丕蹖卮 倬乇 丕夭 鬲氐丕賵蹖乇 賴賵賱賳丕讴 丕爻鬲貙 乇賵蹖丕賴丕蹖蹖 趩賵賳 賲噩爻賲賴鈥� 爻夭丕乇 讴賴 丕夭 丌賳 禺賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫堌簇� 賵 乇賵賲蹖鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 丿爻鬲鈥屬囏й屫簇з� 乇丕 丿乇 丕蹖賳 禺賵賳 卮爻鬲鈥屬堌促� 賲蹖鈥屫囐嗀�. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 丕蹖賳 鬲氐賵蹖乇爻丕夭蹖貙 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴 氐丿丕蹖 毓賯賱 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 胤賵賮丕賳 睾乇賵乇 爻夭丕乇 亘丿賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 鬲賳賴丕 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丕賵爻鬲. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賳賴鈥屫嗁囏� 蹖讴 倬蹖卮鈥屭堌� 亘賱讴賴 夭賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 毓賲賯 乇丕亘胤賴鈥屫ж� 亘丕 爻夭丕乇貙 卮讴賳賳丿诏蹖 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲 丕賵 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀�. 丕賵 爻夭丕乇 乇丕 賳賴 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 蹖讴 賮乇賲丕賳乇賵丕蹖 卮讴爻鬲鈥屬嗀з矩佰屫必� 亘賱讴賴 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 卮賵賴乇蹖 賲蹖鈥屬嗂必� 讴賴 丿乇 賲毓乇囟 禺胤乇 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 賳诏丕賴 丕賳爻丕賳蹖貙 丕賵 乇丕 丕夭 蹖讴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 氐乇賮丕賸 賳賲丕丿蹖賳 亘賴 夭賳蹖 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 毓卮賯 賵 鬲乇爻卮 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 丨乇讴鬲 賵丕 賲蹖鈥屫ж必�.
丕賲丕 爻夭丕乇 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 趩賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 丕賵 丕蹖賳 賴卮丿丕乇 乇丕 亘丕 鬲賲爻禺乇 乇丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 芦鬲乇爻賵賴丕 倬蹖卮 丕夭 賲乇诏 亘丕乇賴丕 賲蹖鈥屬呟屫辟嗀� 丕賲丕 卮噩丕毓丕賳 賮賯胤 蹖讴鈥屫ㄘж� 胤毓賲 賲乇诏 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屭嗀促嗀� (倬乇丿賴 丿賵賲貙 氐丨賳賴 丿賵賲). 丕蹖賳 倬丕爻禺貙 讴賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲毓乇賵賮鈥屫臂屬� 丿蹖丕賱賵诏鈥屬囏й� 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丕爻鬲貙 賳賴鈥屫嗁囏� 睾乇賵乇 爻夭丕乇 乇丕 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 亘賱讴賴 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 丿乇 賳賮賵匕 亘賴 丿賳蹖丕蹖 賲乇丿丕賳賴鈥� 丕賵 乇丕 賴賲 亘乇噩爻鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丕蹖賳噩丕 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 蹖讴 倬丕乇丕丿賵讴爻 馗乇蹖賮 禺賱賯 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕貙 讴賴 亘賴鈥屫必池� 丌蹖賳丿賴 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀� 丿乇 噩賴丕賳蹖 賲丨讴賵賲 亘賴 爻讴賵鬲 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賮賯胤 亘賴 卮賲卮蹖乇 賵 爻禺賳乇丕賳蹖 诏賵卮 賲蹖鈥屫囏�. 丌蹖丕 丕蹖賳 鬲賯氐蹖乇 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕爻鬲 讴賴 氐丿丕蹖卮 卮賳蹖丿賴 賳卮丿貙 蹖丕 鬲賯氐蹖乇 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 讴賴 夭賳丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 丨丕卮蹖賴 乇丕賳丿賴 亘賵丿責
亘乇丕蹖 丿乇讴 亘賴鬲乇 丕蹖賳 賳丕丿蹖丿賴鈥屭辟佖嗀� 亘丕蹖丿 亘賴 夭賲蹖賳賴鈥� 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賵 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 乇賵賲 亘丕爻鬲丕賳 賳诏丕賴蹖 亘蹖丕賳丿丕夭蹖賲. 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴鈥� 乇賵賲貙 夭賳丕賳貙 丨鬲蹖 夭賳丕賳 丕卮乇丕賮蹖 賲丕賳賳丿 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕貙 丕夭 賲卮丕乇讴鬲 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 丿乇 爻蹖丕爻鬲 賲丨乇賵賲 亘賵丿賳丿. 丌賳鈥屬囏� 丨賯 乇兀蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲賳丿貙 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀池嗀� 丿乇 爻賳丕 爻禺賳 亘诏賵蹖賳丿 賵 丕睾賱亘 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 丕亘夭丕乇賴丕蹖蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丕鬲丨丕丿 爻蹖丕爻蹖 丕夭 胤乇蹖賯 丕夭丿賵丕噩 丿蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫簇嗀�. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱貙 賳賮賵匕 睾蹖乇賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 倬卮鬲 倬乇丿賴 賳丕丿蹖丿賴鈥屭辟佖嗃� 賳亘賵丿. 鬲丕乇蹖禺鈥屬嗂ж必з� 乇賵賲蹖 賲丕賳賳丿 鬲丕爻蹖鬲賵爻 賵 爻賵卅鬲賵賳蹖賵爻 诏夭丕乇卮鈥屬囏й屰� 丕夭 賴賲爻乇丕賳 丕卮乇丕賮蹖 丿丕乇賳丿 讴賴 亘丕 賲卮丕賵乇賴 賵 賴卮丿丕乇賴丕蹖卮丕賳 亘乇 卮賵賴乇丕賳卮丕賳 鬲兀孬蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж簇嗀� 賴乇趩賳丿 丕蹖賳 鬲兀孬蹖乇 亘賴鈥屬嗀必� 毓賱賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫簇�. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 丿乇 丕蹖賳 趩丕乇趩賵亘貙 鬲噩爻賲蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賳賯卮 爻賳鬲蹖 丕賲丕 賲丨丿賵丿 丕爻鬲. 丕賵 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 爻夭丕乇 乇丕 丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳 毓賲賵賲蹖 賴賲乇丕賴蹖 讴賳丿貙 丕賲丕 丿乇 禺賱賵鬲貙 鬲賱丕卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 亘丕 鬲讴蹖賴 亘乇 乇丕亘胤賴鈥屰� 卮禺氐蹖鈥屫ж簇� 丕賵 乇丕 丕夭 賵乇賵丿 亘賴 賲爻蹖乇 賮丕噩毓賴 亘丕夭丿丕乇丿. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 丌诏丕賴蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲丨丿賵丿蹖鬲鈥屬囏ж� 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 蹖讴 倬賱 亘蹖賳 丿賳蹖丕蹖 禺氐賵氐蹖 賵 毓賲賵賲蹖 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 夭賳蹖 讴賴 丿乇 禺丕賳賴 賮乇蹖丕丿 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀� 丕賲丕 丿乇 爻賳丕 卮賳蹖丿賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 丕蹖賳 鬲囟丕丿貙 賳賴鈥屫嗁囏� 亘賴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丕賵 毓賲賯 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ簇� 亘賱讴賴 賳賯丿蹖 馗乇蹖賮 亘賴 噩丕賲毓賴鈥� 乇賵賲 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 氐丿丕蹖 夭賳丕賳 乇丕 鬲賳賴丕 丿乇 氐賵乇鬲蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促嗁堌� 讴賴 亘丕 禺賵丕爻鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 賲乇丿丕賳 賴賲鈥屫必ж池� 亘丕卮丿.
亘蹖丕蹖蹖丿 賱丨馗賴鈥屫й� 鬲兀賲賱 讴賳蹖賲. 丕诏乇 爻夭丕乇 亘賴 丨乇賮 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 诏賵卮 丿丕丿賴 亘賵丿貙 丌蹖丕 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 乇禺 賳賲蹖鈥屫ж� 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 爻丐丕賱 亘蹖卮 丕夭 丨丿 爻丕丿賴鈥屫з嗂ж必з嗁� 亘賴 賳馗乇 亘乇爻丿貙 丕賲丕 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 賯乇丕乇 丿丕丿賳 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲貙 賲丕 乇丕 賵丕丿丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 亘賴 賳賯卮 賳丕丿蹖丿賴鈥屭辟佖団€屫簇団€� 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 鬲氐賲蹖賲鈥屭屫臂屸€屬囏й� 亘夭乇诏 賮讴乇 讴賳蹖賲. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 賴賲爻乇 爻夭丕乇貙 亘賱讴賴 丌蹖賳賴鈥屫й� 丕夭 賵噩丿丕賳 丕賵爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 讴乇丿賳 亘賴 賵蹖 爻乇 亘丕夭 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀�. 丿乇 噩賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 倬蹖卮鈥屭堐屰屸€屬囏� 賵 賮丕賱鈥屬囏� 噩丿蹖 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 賲孬賱 賴卮丿丕乇 賮丕賱鈥屭屫臂� 讴賴 賴卮丿丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 芦丕夭 丕蹖丿爻 賲丕乇爻 亘鬲乇爻禄貙 趩乇丕 氐丿丕蹖 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕貙 讴賴 丕夭 丿賱 毓卮賯 賵 賳诏乇丕賳蹖 亘乇賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 賳丕丿蹖丿賴 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 卮丕蹖丿 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 亘诏賵蹖丿 讴賴 丿乇 賴蹖丕賴賵蹖 賯丿乇鬲貙 丕賵賱蹖賳 賯乇亘丕賳蹖丕賳 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 禺丕賲賵卮蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 丨賯蹖賯鬲 乇丕 賮乇蹖丕丿 賲蹖鈥屫操嗁嗀�. 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 鬲賳賴丕 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 賳賯卮 丕賵 賳蹖爻鬲. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 亘賴 賲丕 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 讴賴 趩诏賵賳賴 毓卮賯 賵 鬲乇爻 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗁嗀� 亘賴 蹖讴 卮賴賵丿 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿 鬲亘丿蹖賱 卮賵賳丿. 乇賵蹖丕賴丕蹖卮 氐乇賮丕賸 讴丕亘賵爻鈥屬囏й� 蹖讴 夭賳 賴乇丕爻丕賳 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿貨 丌賳鈥屬囏� 亘丕夭鬲丕亘蹖 丕夭 丌卮賵亘 丿乇賵賳蹖 爻夭丕乇 賵 噩丕賲毓賴鈥屫й� 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 丕賵 乇賴亘乇蹖鈥屫ж� 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲毓賳丕貙 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賳賴鈥屫嗁囏� 賵噩丿丕賳 爻夭丕乇貙 亘賱讴賴 賵噩丿丕賳 讴賱 乇賵賲 丕爻鬲貙 賵 賳丕丿蹖丿賴 诏乇賮鬲賳 丕賵貙 賳丕丿蹖丿賴 诏乇賮鬲賳 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 噩丕賴鈥屫焚勜ㄛ� 丕爻鬲.
卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 禺賱賯 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕貙 賲丕 乇丕 亘賴 丕蹖賳 倬乇爻卮 賵丕 賲蹖鈥屫ж必� 讴賴 丌蹖丕 丕賵 氐乇賮丕賸 蹖讴 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 賲賳賮毓賱 丕爻鬲 蹖丕 蹖讴 賯賴乇賲丕賳 鬲乇丕跇蹖讴 丿乇 賲賯蹖丕爻 讴賵趩讴責 亘乇禺賱丕賮 爻夭丕乇 讴賴 亘丕 睾乇賵乇 亘賴 爻賵蹖 賲乇诏 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌� 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 亘丕 賮乇賵鬲賳蹖 賵 丌诏丕賴蹖 鬲賱丕卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 乇丕 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 丿賴丿. 丕蹖賳 鬲賱丕卮貙 賴乇趩賳丿 賳丕讴丕賲 賲蹖鈥屬呚з嗀� 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴鈥屫� 丕夭 蹖讴 賴賲爻乇 賳诏乇丕賳 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丕賵 丿乇 爻讴賵鬲卮貙 賮乇蹖丕丿蹖 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 鬲丕 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 胤賳蹖賳鈥屫з嗀ж� 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賮乇蹖丕丿蹖 讴賴 丕诏乇 卮賳蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫簇� 卮丕蹖丿 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇賵賲 乇丕 噩賵乇 丿蹖诏乇蹖 乇賯賲 賲蹖鈥屫藏�.
鈼� 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 賲噩乇賵丨賽 夭禺賲鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 丕夭 夭禺賲 禺賳噩乇 毓賲蹖賯鈥屫辟嗀�.
丿乇 爻賵蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丿丕爻鬲丕賳貙 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 賴賲爻乇 亘乇賵鬲賵爻貙 丕蹖爻鬲丕丿賴 丕爻鬲貙 夭賳蹖 讴賴 賳賴 亘丕 乇賵蹖丕賴丕蹖卮貙 亘賱讴賴 亘丕 丕乇丕丿賴 賵 噩爻丕乇鬲卮 賲丕 乇丕 亘賴 禺賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀�. 丕賵 丿乇 倬乇丿賴鈥� 丿賵賲貙 氐丨賳賴鈥� 丕賵賱貙 丕夭 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 讴賴 乇丕夭 丌卮賵亘 丿乇賵賳蹖鈥屫ж� 乇丕 亘丕 丕賵 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 亘诏匕丕乇丿貙 丌賳噩丕 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 芦賲賳 賮賯胤 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賳蹖爻鬲賲貙 亘賱讴賴 賴賲爻乇 鬲賵丕賲... 丌蹖丕 賲賳 丕夭 丕爻乇丕乇 鬲賵 噩丿丕 卮丿賴鈥屫з呚熉� (倬乇丿賴 丿賵賲貙 氐丨賳賴 丕賵賱). 丕蹖賳 丿乇禺賵丕爻鬲貙 讴賴 亘丕 卮噩丕毓鬲 賵 氐乇丕丨鬲 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 乇丕 丕夭 蹖讴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賮乇毓蹖 亘賴 蹖讴 賳蹖乇賵蹖 賲丨乇讴 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丕賵 丨鬲蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丕孬亘丕鬲 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖 賵 賯丿乇鬲 禺賵丿貙 夭禺賲蹖 亘乇 乇丕賳卮 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫�: 芦賲賳 丕蹖賳 乇丕 鬲丨賲賱 讴乇丿賴鈥屫з呚� 丌蹖丕 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗁� 乇丕夭賴丕蹖鬲 乇丕 賴賲 鬲丨賲賱 讴賳賲責禄
丕蹖賳 賱丨馗賴貙 讴賴 丕睾賱亘 丿乇 爻丕蹖賴鈥� 鬲賵胤卅賴鈥� 丕氐賱蹖 诏賲 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿鬲乇蹖賳 鬲氐丕賵蹖乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丕爻鬲. 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 亘丕 丕蹖賳 毓賲賱貙 賳賴鈥屫嗁囏� 禺賵丿 乇丕 賴賲鈥屫必ж� 賲乇丿丕賳 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 亘賱讴賴 亘賴鈥屬嗁堌观� 丕夭 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 倬蹖卮蹖 賲蹖鈥屭屫必�. 亘乇賵鬲賵爻貙 讴賴 亘毓丿丕賸 禺賳噩乇 乇丕 亘乇 爻夭丕乇 賮乇賵 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 丿乇 丕蹖賳噩丕 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 夭賳蹖 丕蹖爻鬲丕丿賴 讴賴 倬蹖卮鈥屫� 夭禺賲 乇丕 亘乇 禺賵丿 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 賱丨馗賴 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 讴賴 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 丿乇讴 毓賲蹖賯蹖 丕夭 賲賮賴賵賲 賮丿丕讴丕乇蹖 丿丕乇丿貙 賮丿丕讴丕乇蹖鈥屫й� 讴賴 亘毓丿丕賸 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 亘丕 讴卮鬲賳 爻夭丕乇 亘賴 卮讴賱 丿蹖诏乇蹖 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏�. 丕賲丕 鬲賮丕賵鬲 丕蹖賳噩丕爻鬲 讴賴 夭禺賲 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 丕夭 爻乇 毓卮賯 賵 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖 丕爻鬲貙 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 讴賴 禺賳噩乇 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 丕夭 爻乇 禺蹖丕賳鬲 賵 丕蹖丿卅賵賱賵跇蹖. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 丕蹖賳 倬丕乇丕丿賵讴爻貙 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 蹖讴 丌蹖賳賴鈥� 丕禺賱丕賯蹖 亘乇丕蹖 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫囏�.
卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 丕蹖賳 氐丨賳賴貙 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴 賳賲丕丿蹖 丕夭 賮丿丕讴丕乇蹖 賵 賲賯丕賵賲鬲 亘丿賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 賲賯丕賵賲鬲 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 趩賴 趩蹖夭蹖 丕爻鬲責 賳賴 丿卮賲賳 禺丕乇噩蹖貙 亘賱讴賴 丿蹖賵丕乇 爻讴賵鬲 賵 亘蹖鈥屫ж关呚ж� 讴賴 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 亘蹖賳 禺賵丿 賵 丕賵 讴卮蹖丿賴. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱貙 倬丕爻禺 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 亘賴 丕蹖賳 卮噩丕毓鬲 趩蹖爻鬲責 丕賵 丕亘鬲丿丕 鬲爻賱蹖賲 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 賯賵賱 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 讴賴 乇丕夭卮 乇丕 亘诏賵蹖丿貙 丕賲丕 丿乇爻鬲 丿乇 賴賲蹖賳 賱丨馗賴貙 賵乇賵丿 讴丕爻蹖賵爻 賵 丿蹖诏乇 鬲賵胤卅賴鈥屭必з嗀� 诏賮鬲诏賵 乇丕 賯胤毓 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 亘丕乇 丿蹖诏乇 亘賴 丨丕卮蹖賴 乇丕賳丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賳賴 亘賴鈥屫ж坟� 囟毓賮 禺賵丿卮貙 亘賱讴賴 亘賴鈥屫ж坟� 噩賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 氐丿丕蹖 丕賵 噩丕蹖蹖 賳丿丕乇丿.
蹖讴 夭丕賵蹖賴鈥� 噩丕賱亘 丿蹖诏乇貙 賲乇诏 倬賵乇卮蹖丕爻鬲. 丿乇 倬乇丿賴鈥� 趩賴丕乇賲貙 氐丨賳賴鈥� 爻賵賲貙 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 亘賴 讴丕爻蹖賵爻 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 讴賴 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 亘丕 亘賱毓蹖丿賳 丌鬲卮 禺賵丿讴卮蹖 讴乇丿賴貙 趩賵賳 睾賲 丿賵乇蹖 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 賵 卮讴爻鬲 乇賵賲 乇丕 鬲丕亘 賳蹖丕賵乇丿. 丕蹖賳 賲乇诏貙 讴賴 亘賴鈥屫蒂堌必� 诏匕乇丕 匕讴乇 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 倬乇 丕夭 丕亘賴丕賲 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘж簇�. 丌蹖丕 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賵丕賯毓丕賸 丕夭 爻乇 囟毓賮 禺賵丿讴卮蹖 讴乇丿貙 蹖丕 丕蹖賳 毓賲賱蹖 丕毓鬲乇丕囟蹖 亘賵丿責 亘賱毓蹖丿賳 丌鬲卮貙 讴賴 乇賵卮蹖 睾蹖乇賲毓賲賵賱 賵 丿乇丿賳丕讴 丕爻鬲貙 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 賳賲丕丿蹖 丕夭 禺卮賲 賵 賳丕丕賲蹖丿蹖 亘丕卮丿貙 賮乇蹖丕丿蹖 禺丕賲賵卮 毓賱蹖賴 噩賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 氐丿丕蹖 丕賵 乇丕 賳卮賳蹖丿. 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 讴賴 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 爻毓蹖 讴乇丿 亘丕 夭禺賲 賵 丕賱鬲賲丕爻 卮賳蹖丿賴 亘卮賵丿貙 丿乇 賲乇诏卮 賴賲 亘丕 丕賳鬲禺丕亘蹖 噩爻賵乇丕賳賴貙 丌禺乇蹖賳 丨乇賮 禺賵丿 乇丕 夭丿. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 丕蹖賳 倬丕蹖丕賳貙 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴 蹖讴 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 丿乇 丿賱 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 亘夭乇诏鈥屫� 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 賲乇诏 丕賵 诏賵丕賴蹖 鬲賱禺 亘乇 丕蹖賳 丕賳夭賵丕爻鬲. 丌蹖丕 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 鬲賵胤卅賴鈥� 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 卮丿貙 蹖丕 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖鈥屫ж� 丿乇 鬲賱丕卮 亘乇丕蹖 卮賳蹖丿賴 卮丿賳責 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 丕蹖賳 倬乇爻卮 乇丕 亘蹖鈥屬矩ж池� 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж必� 丕賲丕 賴賲蹖賳 爻讴賵鬲貙 禺賵丿 賮乇蹖丕丿蹖 亘賱賳丿 丕爻鬲.
鈼� 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 賲乇丿丕賳
讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 賴乇趩賳丿 丿乇 馗丕賴乇 賳賯卮鈥屬囏й� 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲蹖 丿丕乇賳丿貙 丿乇 蹖讴 賳賯胤賴 賲卮鬲乇讴賳丿貨 丌賳鈥屬囏� 氐丿丕蹖 毓賯賱 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲鈥屫з嗀� 丿乇 噩賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘賴鈥屫迟堐� 賳丕亘賵丿蹖 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌�. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 亘丕 卮賴賵丿卮 爻毓蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 爻夭丕乇 乇丕 丕夭 賲乇诏 賳噩丕鬲 丿賴丿貙 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 亘丕 卮噩丕毓鬲卮 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 乇丕 丕夭 賮乇賵倬丕卮蹖 丿乇賵賳蹖 丨賮馗 讴賳丿. 丕賲丕 賴乇 丿賵 卮讴爻鬲 賲蹖鈥屫堌辟嗀� 賳賴 亘賴鈥屫ж坟� 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 禺賵丿卮丕賳貙 亘賱讴賴 亘賴鈥屫ж坟� 爻蹖爻鬲賲蹖 讴賴 诏賵卮鈥屬囏й屫� 乇丕 亘賴 乇賵蹖 丌賳鈥屬囏� 亘爻鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 丿乇 乇賵賲 亘丕爻鬲丕賳貙 夭賳丕賳 丨賯 賲卮丕乇讴鬲 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 丿乇 爻蹖丕爻鬲 乇丕 賳丿丕卮鬲賳丿貙 丕賲丕 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 讴賴 鬲兀孬蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 睾蹖乇賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 丕賲丕 毓賲蹖賯 亘丕卮丿. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 賴乇趩賳丿 丕夭 氐丨賳賴鈥� 丕氐賱蹖 賯丿乇鬲 (爻賳丕 賵 賲蹖丿丕賳 噩賳诏) 丿賵乇賳丿貙 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 賳诏賴亘丕賳丕賳 丕禺賱丕賯 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲鈥屫з嗀�. 丕蹖賳 倬丕乇丕丿賵讴爻 讴賴 夭賳丕賳 賴賲 囟毓蹖賮 丿蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 賵 賴賲 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿 毓賲賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 卮丕賴讴丕乇賴丕蹖 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘丕 夭蹖乇讴蹖 賴賲蹖卮诏蹖鈥屫ж簇� 賳賯丿蹖 馗乇蹖賮 亘賴 噩丕賲毓賴鈥� 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇 乇賵賲 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賳賯丿蹖 讴賴 賮乇丕鬲乇 丕夭 夭賲丕賳 禺賵丿卮 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌� 賵 亘賴 毓氐乇 賲丕 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫必池�.
丿乇 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏й� 爻賳鬲蹖貙 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 爻賯賵胤 蹖讴 丕賲倬乇丕鬲賵乇 蹖丕 禺蹖丕賳鬲 蹖讴 丿賵爻鬲 禺賵丕賳丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 丕賲丕 丕诏乇 丕夭 夭丕賵蹖賴鈥� 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賳诏丕賴 讴賳蹖賲貙 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 鬲亘丿蹖賱 亘賴 乇賵丕蹖鬲蹖 丕夭 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 诏賲鈥屫簇� 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 禺賱賯 丕蹖賳 夭賳丕賳貙 賲丕 乇丕 亘賴 趩丕賱卮 賲蹖鈥屭┴簇� 讴賴 亘倬乇爻蹖賲: 丕诏乇 丕蹖賳 氐丿丕賴丕 卮賳蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫簇嗀� 丌蹖丕 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇賵賲 (蹖丕 丨鬲蹖 鬲丕乇蹖禺 禺賵丿賲丕賳) 噩賵乇 丿蹖诏乇蹖 乇賯賲 賲蹖鈥屫堌必� 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 亘賴 賲丕 蹖丕丿丌賵乇蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 讴賴 丿乇 賴乇 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖貙 趩蹖夭蹖 亘蹖卮 丕夭 賯賴乇賲丕賳丕賳 乇賵蹖 氐丨賳賴 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 趩蹖夭蹖 丕夭 噩賳爻 賵噩丿丕賳貙 毓卮賯貙 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲.
鈼� 趩乇丕 丕蹖賳 夭賳丕賳 賮乇丕賲賵卮 卮丿賴鈥屫з嗀�
卮丕蹖丿 亘倬乇爻蹖丿 趩乇丕 丕蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏� 丿乇 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏� 賵 丕賯鬲亘丕爻鈥屬囏� 讴賲鈥屫辟嗂� 賲丕賳丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 倬丕爻禺 爻丕丿賴 丕爻鬲: 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 卮賲卮蹖乇 賵 鬲丕噩 丕爻鬲貙 賵 丿乇 丕蹖賳 乇賵丕蹖鬲 倬乇賴蹖丕賴賵貙 氐丿丕蹖 丌乇丕賲 夭賳丕賳 亘賴鈥屫池� 卮賳蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 讴賲鈥屫辟嗂屫� 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 賲丕爻鬲. 賲丕貙 禺賵丕賳賳丿诏丕賳 賵 鬲賲丕卮丕诏乇丕賳貙 丕睾賱亘 噩匕亘 丿乇丕賲 亘夭乇诏鈥屫� 賲蹖鈥屫促堐屬� 賵 賮乇丕賲賵卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃屬� 讴賴 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貙 丿乇 夭蹖乇 賱丕蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 丕氐賱蹖貙 丿丕爻鬲丕賳鈥屬囏й� 讴賵趩讴鈥屫� 丕賲丕 毓賲蹖賯蹖 賴賲 亘丕賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲.
讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賯賴乇賲丕賳丕賳 讴賱丕爻蹖讴 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿. 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賳賴 爻禺賳乇丕賳蹖鈥屬囏й� 倬乇卮賵乇 丿丕乇賳丿貙 賳賴 卮賲卮蹖乇 亘賴 丿爻鬲 賲蹖鈥屭屫辟嗀�. 丕賲丕 賯丿乇鬲 丌賳鈥屬囏� 丿乇 賴賲蹖賳 爻丕丿诏蹖 丕爻鬲. 丿乇 乇賵蹖丕賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丨賯蹖賯鬲 乇丕 賮丕卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 丿乇 夭禺賲鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖 乇丕 賮乇蹖丕丿 賲蹖鈥屫操嗁嗀�. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 丕蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏� 亘賴 賲丕 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 讴賴 诏丕賴蹖 亘夭乇诏鈥屫臂屬� 卮噩丕毓鬲貙 賳賴 丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳 噩賳诏貙 亘賱讴賴 丿乇 鬲賱丕卮 亘乇丕蹖 卮賳蹖丿賴 卮丿賳 丕爻鬲.
鈼� 丕賲乇賵夭 趩賴 賲蹖鈥屫促嗁堐屬呚�
丕诏乇 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇 乇丕 丕賲乇賵夭 亘禺賵丕賳蹖賲貙 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 亘蹖卮 丕夭 賴賲蹖卮賴 賲毓賳丕 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀�. 丿乇 噩賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 賴賳賵夭 賴賲 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丿乇 爻丕蹖賴鈥� 賯丿乇鬲 诏賲 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 丕蹖賳 夭賳丕賳 亘賴 賲丕 蹖丕丿丌賵乇蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 讴賴 诏賵卮 丿丕丿賳 亘賴 丨丕卮蹖賴鈥屬囏� 诏丕賴蹖 賲賴賲鈥屫� 丕夭 鬲賲丕卮丕蹖 賲乇讴夭 丕爻鬲. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀池� 爻夭丕乇 乇丕 賳噩丕鬲 丿賴丿貙 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀池� 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 乇丕 丕夭 爻賯賵胤 丕禺賱丕賯蹖 亘丕夭丿丕乇丿貙 丕賲丕 賴蹖趩鈥屭┴з� 卮賳蹖丿賴 賳卮丿賳丿. 丕蹖賳 卮讴爻鬲 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賳蹖爻鬲貙 卮讴爻鬲 賲丕爻鬲.
丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴鈥� 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 跇賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇 賳賯卮 夭賳丕賳_ 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 (賴賲爻乇 爻夭丕乇) 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 (賴賲爻乇 亘乇賵鬲賵爻)_ 丕夭 賳馗乇 丨囟賵乇 讴賲賾蹖 丿乇 氐丨賳賴鈥屬囏� 賲丨丿賵丿貙 丕賲丕 丕夭 賳馗乇 讴蹖賮蹖 丿丕乇丕蹖 丕賴賲蹖鬲 亘爻蹖丕乇 丕爻鬲. 丕賲丕 趩诏賵賳賴責
鈼� 丕賴賲蹖鬲 賵 鬲兀孬蹖乇 丿乇 倬蹖卮亘乇丿 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖
亘購毓丿 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 賵 鬲囟丕丿 丿乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏�: 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 毓賯賱貙 賵噩丿丕賳 賵 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲 毓賲賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 讴賴 丿乇 鬲囟丕丿 亘丕 丿賳蹖丕蹖 賲乇丿丕賳賴鈥� 爻蹖丕爻鬲貙 賯丿乇鬲 賵 禺卮賵賳鬲 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇賳丿. 丕蹖賳 鬲囟丕丿貙 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 乇丕 丕夭 蹖讴 乇賵丕蹖鬲 氐乇賮丕賸 爻蹖丕爻蹖 亘賴 蹖讴 丿乇丕賲 毓賲蹖賯丕賸 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�.
鈼� 倬蹖卮鈥屭堐屰� 賵 爻乇賳賵卮鬲: 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬蹖卮鈥屭堐屰屸€屬囏й屫� 亘賴 賲囟賲賵賳 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 賵 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 丿乇 賮乇丕乇 丕夭 丌賳 丕卮丕乇賴 丿丕乇賳丿 讴賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 爻鬲賵賳鈥屬囏й� 丕氐賱蹖 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 丕爻鬲.
鈼� 鬲兀孬蹖乇 亘乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 丕氐賱蹖: 賴乇 丿賵 夭賳 亘乇 鬲氐賲蹖賲鈥屭屫臂屸€屬囏� 賵 丨丕賱丕鬲 乇賵丕賳蹖 爻夭丕乇 賵 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 丕孬乇 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж辟嗀� 丨鬲蹖 丕诏乇 丕蹖賳 鬲兀孬蹖乇 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 賳丕丿蹖丿賴 诏乇賮鬲賴 卮賵丿 蹖丕 亘賴 卮讴爻鬲 賲賳噩乇 卮賵丿.
鈼� 丌蹖丕 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 賳賯卮 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丨匕賮 讴乇丿責
丕夭 賳馗乇 爻丕禺鬲丕乇蹖貙 亘賱賴貙 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 乇丕 亘丿賵賳 丨囟賵乇 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 丕蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏� 亘丕夭賳賵蹖爻蹖 讴乇丿貙 夭蹖乇丕 禺胤 丕氐賱蹖 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 (鬲賵胤卅賴 毓賱蹖賴 爻夭丕乇貙 賯鬲賱 丕賵 賵 倬蹖丕賲丿賴丕蹖 丌賳) 亘賴 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 賲乇丿 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 丕賲丕 丨匕賮 丌賳賴丕 鬲兀孬蹖乇丕鬲 夭蹖乇 乇丕 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 禺賵丕賴丿 丿丕卮鬲:
掳 讴丕賴卮 毓賲賯 毓丕胤賮蹖: 亘丿賵賳 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 噩賳亘賴鈥屬囏й� 卮禺氐蹖 賵 丌爻蹖亘鈥屬矩佰屫� 爻夭丕乇 賵 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 讴賲鬲乇 亘乇噩爻鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 亘賴 蹖讴 乇賵蹖丿丕丿 爻蹖丕爻蹖 氐乇賮 鬲賯賱蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屰屫жㄘ�.
掳 囟毓賮 丿乇 鬲賲鈥屬囏й� 鬲乇丕跇蹖讴: 賲囟丕賲蹖賳 爻乇賳賵卮鬲貙 睾乇賵乇 賵 賮乇賵倬丕卮蹖 丿乇賵賳蹖 亘丿賵賳 丨囟賵乇 丕蹖賳 夭賳丕賳 讴賴 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 丌蹖賳賴鈥屫й� 亘乇丕蹖 丕賳毓讴丕爻 囟毓賮鈥屬囏й� 賯賴乇賲丕賳丕賳 毓賲賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 讴賲鈥屫辟嗂€屫� 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀�.
掳 丕夭 丿爻鬲 乇賮鬲賳 鬲毓丕丿賱 噩賳爻蹖鬲蹖 賳賲丕丿蹖賳: 丨囟賵乇 夭賳丕賳貙 賴乇趩賳丿 賲丨丿賵丿貙 鬲毓丕丿賱蹖 賳賲丕丿蹖賳 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 丿賳蹖丕蹖 賲乇丿丕賳賴鈥� 乇賵賲 丕蹖噩丕丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 丨匕賮 丌賳賴丕 丕蹖賳 鬲毓丕丿賱 乇丕 亘乇 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀�.
卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 诏賳噩丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏ж� 丨鬲蹖 丿乇 賳賯卮鈥屬囏й� 丨丕卮蹖賴鈥屫й屫� 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 讴賴 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳 賳亘乇丿 蹖丕 爻賳丕貙 亘賱讴賴 丿乇 乇賵丕亘胤 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 賵 丿乇賵賳蹖 賳蹖夭 乇蹖卮賴 丿丕乇丿.
丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 丕蹖賳 爻賮乇 亘賴 賯賱亘 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇貙 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賳賴鈥屫嗁囏� 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 诏賲鈥屫簇団€屰� 乇賵賲 亘丕爻鬲丕賳貙 亘賱讴賴 賮丕賳賵爻鈥屬囏й屰� 亘乇丕蹖 賲丕 丿乇 丕賲乇賵夭賳丿. 丌賳鈥屬囏� 亘賴 賲丕 賲蹖鈥屫①呝堌操嗀� 讴賴 丨鬲蹖 丿乇 爻丕蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 爻賳诏蹖賳 賯丿乇鬲貙 卮噩丕毓鬲 卮賳蹖丿賳 賵 賮乇蹖丕丿 夭丿賳 丨賯蹖賯鬲 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 噩賴丕賳蹖 乇丕 丿诏乇诏賵賳 讴賳丿. 倬爻 亘蹖丕蹖蹖丿 诏賵卮鈥屬囏й屬呚з� 乇丕 亘賴 乇賵蹖 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 禺丕賲賵卮 亘丕夭 讴賳蹖賲 賵 亘丕 丕賱賴丕賲 丕夭 丕蹖賳 夭賳丕賳 賮乇丕賲賵卮鈥屫簇囏� 禺賵丿賲丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 卮賳蹖丿賳 賵 卮賳蹖丿賴 卮丿賳 賲鬲毓賴丿 爻丕夭蹖賲貨 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳鈥屫ㄘж必� 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 亘賴 丕賲蹖丿 亘丿賱 卮賵丿.
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丕蹖賳 丿賵賲蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丕夭 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賴爻鬲卮 讴賴 亘丕 丕賲蹖乇丨爻蹖賳 賴賲禺賵丕賳蹖 賲蹖讴賳賲貙 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賯亘賱蹖 賲讴亘孬 亘賵丿 讴賴 賴乇丿賵 賴賲禺賵丕賳蹖貙 鬲噩乇亘賴 賴丕蹖蹖 亘賴 卮丿鬲 倬乇亘丕乇貙 丌賲賵夭賳丿賴貙 禺賱丕賯 賵 噩匕丕亘 亘賵丿賳. 噩丿賳 丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇賲 丕賲蹖乇丨爻蹖賳 賴賲 亘賴 丕賳丿丕夭賴 賲賳 賲卮鬲丕賯 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘毓丿蹖 亘丕卮賴 :))
賲孬賱 賴賲禺賵丕賳蹖 賯亘賱貙 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 乇賵 亘丕 賳爻禺賴 賮丕乇爻蹖 卮乇賵毓 讴乇丿蹖賲貙 丕蹖賳亘丕乇 鬲乇噩賲賴 乇賵 禺賵賳丿蹖賲. 亘毓丿 賳爻禺賴 賳賵鈥宊賮蹖乇_卮讴爻倬蹖乇 乇賵 禺賵賳丿蹖賲. 賲賳 丕賯鬲亘丕爻 爻蹖賳賲丕蹖蹖 "爻夭丕乇 亘丕蹖丿 亘賲蹖乇丿" Caesar Must Die 2012 乇賵 丿蹖丿賲 讴賴 亘爻爻爻爻蹖丕乇 丕夭 丿蹖丿賳卮 讴蹖賮 讴乇丿賲 (賲乇爻蹖 賲爻毓賵丿 亘乇丕蹖 賲毓乇賮蹖) 賵 亘丕夭賲 賲孬賱 賴賲蹖卮賴 賵 讴丕乇蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲賴 讴鬲丕亘賴丕蹖 賲賴賲蹖 讴賴 賲蹖禺賵賳賲 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖丿賲貙 氐丿 賲蹖賱蹖賵賳 鬲丕 賲賯丕賱賴 賵 鬲丨賯蹖賯 賵 賲鬲賳 賵 乇蹖賵蹖賵賵 賵 蹖丕丿丿丕卮鬲 禺賵賳丿賲 鬲丕 亘賴 賮賴賲 讴丕賲賱蹖 丕夭 丕孬乇 丿爻鬲 倬蹖丿丕 讴賳賲. 丿乇 丌禺乇 賴賲 鄢 鬲丕 丕夭 丕賮爻丕賳賴 賴丕蹖 賲毓乇賵賮 (卮丕蹖毓賴) 丿乇賲賵乇丿 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 乇賵 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 30 Great Myths About Shakespeare听 诏賱趩蹖賳 讴乇丿賲 讴賴 丕蹖賳 倬丕蹖蹖賳 賲蹖賳賵蹖爻賲 (卮丕蹖毓丕鬲 賮乇丿 乇賵 賲賳 賲蹖賳賵蹖爻賲 賵 夭賵噩 賴丕乇賵 丕賲蹖乇丨爻蹖賳)貨 亘禺卮 亘丕賳賲讴 亘乇賳丕賲賴 丕爻 賲孬賱丕 :)
禺賱丕氐賴 鈥屭┵� 賲賲賳賵賳賲 乇蹖賵蹖賵賵 乇賵 賲蹖禺賵賳蹖丿. 丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇賲 丕诏賴 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賯蹖氐乇 乇賵 鬲丕丕賱丕賳 賳禺賵賳丿蹖丿貙 亘丕毓孬 亘卮賴 夭賵丿鬲乇 亘乇蹖丿 爻乇丕睾卮.
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30 Great Myths About Shakespeare
賳賵卮鬲賴鈥� 賱賵乇蹖 賲诏賵丕蹖乇 賵 丕賽賲丕 丕爻賲蹖鬲
丕賮爻丕賳賴 卮賲丕乇賴 鄣: "卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賴乇诏夭 爻賮乇 賳讴乇丿"
丕蹖賳 亘丕賵乇 讴賴 賵蹖賱蹖丕賲 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賴乇诏夭 丕夭 夭丕丿诏丕賴卮 蹖丕 賱賳丿賳 丿賵乇鬲乇 賳乇賮鬲貙 賲賵囟賵毓蹖賴 讴賴 丕睾賱亘 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖鈥屫促囏� 丕賲丕 卮賵丕賴丿 賯胤毓蹖 亘乇丕蹖 鬲兀蹖蹖丿 蹖丕 乇丿卮 讴賲賴. 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賳讴鬲賴 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 讴賴 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貙 亘乇禺賱丕賮 鬲氐賵乇 亘乇禺蹖貙 賳蹖丕夭蹖 亘賴 爻賮乇賴丕蹖 丿賵乇 賵 丿乇丕夭 賳丿丕卮鬲 鬲丕 丌孬丕乇蹖 亘丕 毓賲賯 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖蹖 賵 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 禺賱賯 讴賳賴. 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏й屰� 趩賵賳 鬲丕噩乇 賵賳蹖夭蹖 (亘丕 鬲賵氐蹖賮 賵賳蹖夭) 蹖丕 丕購鬲賱賵 (亘丕 丕卮丕乇賴 亘賴 賯亘乇爻) 賳卮丕賳鈥屫囐嗀� 丌诏丕賴蹖 丕賵賳 丕夭 賲讴丕賳鈥屬囏й� 丿賵乇丿爻鬲 賴爻鬲賳貙 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 丿丕賳卮 亘賴 丕丨鬲賲丕賱 夭蹖丕丿 丕夭 賲胤丕賱毓賴 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏ж� 诏賮鬲诏賵 亘丕 賲爻丕賮乇丕賳貙 賵 賲賳丕亘毓 賲讴鬲賵亘蹖 賲丕賳賳丿 爻賮乇賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏� 蹖丕 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屬囏й� 賱丕鬲蹖賳 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丌賲丿賴. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 丿乇 賱賳丿賳貙 讴賴 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 丕賵 賲乇讴夭 鬲噩丕乇鬲 賵 鬲亘丕丿賱 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 亘賵丿貙 賮乇氐鬲 讴丕賮蹖 亘乇丕蹖 卮賳蹖丿賳 乇賵丕蹖鬲鈥屬囏й屰� 丕夭 爻乇丕爻乇 噩賴丕賳 丿丕卮鬲賴. 亘丕蹖丿 亘丿賵賳蹖丿 爻賮乇 賳讴乇丿賳 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 賳賯胤賴 囟毓賮 賳亘賵丿賴貙 亘賱讴賴 賳卮丕賳鈥屫囐嗀� 賯丿乇鬲 鬲禺蹖賱 賵 賲賴丕乇鬲 丕賵賳 丿乇 亘賴乇賴鈥屭屫臂� 丕夭 賲賳丕亘毓 賲賵噩賵丿 賴爻鬲卮. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱貙 賴蹖趩 爻賳丿蹖 賲亘賳蹖 亘乇 爻賮乇 丕賵 亘賴 禺丕乇噩 丕夭 丕賳诏賱爻鬲丕賳 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕乇賴貙 賵 丕蹖賳 丕賮爻丕賳賴 鬲丕 丨丿蹖 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 丿乇爻鬲 亘丕卮賴.
丕賮爻丕賳賴 卮賲丕乇賴 鄯: "卮讴爻倬蹖乇 讴丕鬲賵賱蹖讴 亘賵丿"
丕蹖賳 丕賮爻丕賳賴 丕夭 诏賲丕賳賴鈥屫操嗃屸€屬囏й屰� 丿乇亘丕乇賴 丿蹖賳 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 爻乇趩卮賲賴 賲蹖鈥屭屫辟囏� 亘賴鈥屬堐屭樫� 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 丿賵乇丕賳 倬乇鬲賳卮 賲匕賴亘蹖 丕賳诏賱爻鬲丕賳 丿乇 毓氐乇 丕賱蹖夭丕亘鬲 讴賴 倬乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲蹖爻賲 睾丕賱亘 亘賵丿賴 賵 讴丕鬲賵賱蹖讴鈥屬囏� 鬲丨鬲 賮卮丕乇 賯乇丕乇 丿丕卮鬲賳. 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж操� 讴賴 亘乇禺蹖 卮賵丕賴丿 睾蹖乇賲爻鬲賯蹖賲鈥斮呚� 讴丕鬲賵賱蹖讴 亘賵丿賳 丕丨鬲賲丕賱蹖 倬丿乇卮貙 噩丕賳 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貙 蹖丕 丕卮丕乇賴鈥屬囏й屰� 亘賴 丌蹖蹖賳鈥屬囏й� 讴丕鬲賵賱蹖讴 丿乇 丌孬丕乇蹖 賲孬賱 賴賲賱鬲 (賲孬賱 亘丨孬 丿乇亘丕乇賴 亘乇夭禺)鈥斬й屬� 賮乇囟蹖賴 乇賵 鬲賯賵蹖鬲 讴乇丿賳. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱貙 賴蹖趩 賲丿乇讴 賲丨讴賲蹖 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕乇賴 讴賴 賳卮丕賳 亘丿賴 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘賴鈥屫焚堌� 賲禺賮蹖丕賳賴 讴丕鬲賵賱蹖讴 亘賵丿賴 蹖丕 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丌蹖蹖賳 倬丕蹖亘賳丿 賲賵賳丿賴. 丿乇 賵丕賯毓貙 丕賵賳 丿乇 讴賱蹖爻丕蹖 倬乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳 丕夭丿賵丕噩 讴乇丿賴貙 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳卮 乇賵 丕賵賳噩丕 睾爻賱 鬲毓賲蹖丿 丿丕丿賴貙 賵 亘丕 賴賲丕賳 丌蹖蹖賳 丿賮賳 卮丿賴. 賲賲讴賳賴 讴賴 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貙 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 蹖讴 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴鈥屬嗁堐屫� 丨乇賮賴鈥屫й屫� 丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕賸 丕夭 丿乇诏蹖乇 卮丿賳 丌卮讴丕乇 丿乇 賲賳丕賯卮丕鬲 賲匕賴亘蹖 倬乇賴蹖夭 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 鬲丕 丕夭 毓賵丕賯亘 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丿乇 丕賲丕賳 亘賲賵賳賴.
丕賮爻丕賳賴 卮賲丕乇賴 酃: "鬲乇丕跇丿蹖鈥屬囏й� 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 噩丿蹖鈥屫� 丕夭 讴賲丿蹖鈥屬囏й� 丕賵 賴爻鬲賳丿"
丕蹖賳 鬲氐賵乇 讴賴 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖鈥屬囏й� 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 ( 賴賲賱鬲貙 賲讴亘孬 蹖丕 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇) 丕夭 賳馗乇 賴賳乇蹖 蹖丕 賲囟賲賵賳蹖 毓賲蹖賯鈥屫� 賵 噩丿蹖鈥屫� 丕夭 讴賲丿蹖鈥屬囏ж� ( 乇丐蹖丕蹖 卮亘 賳蹖賲賴鈥屫жㄘ池з� 蹖丕 賴乇 胤賵乇 讴賴 亘禺賵丕賴蹖) 賴爻鬲賳貙 丿蹖丿诏丕賴蹖 乇丕蹖噩 丕賲丕 賯丕亘賱 賳賯丿賴. 讴鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲丿賱丕賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 讴賴 丕蹖賳 鬲賲丕蹖夭 亘蹖卮 丕夭 丨丿 爻丕丿賴鈥屫з嗂ж必з嗁� 丕爻. 讴賲丿蹖鈥屬囏й� 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貙 賴乇趩賳丿 亘丕 胤賳夭 賵 倬丕蹖丕賳 禺賵卮 賴賲乇丕賴賳貙 倬乇 丕夭 賱丕蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖貙 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 賮賱爻賮蹖 賴爻鬲賳 讴賴 亘賴 賴賲賵賳 丕賳丿丕夭賴 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖鈥屬囏� 鬲兀賲賱鈥屫ㄘ必з嗂屫操�. 亘乇丕蹖 賲孬丕賱貙 丿乇 鬲丕噩乇 賵賳蹖夭蹖貙 賲爻丕卅賱 鬲亘毓蹖囟 賳跇丕丿蹖 賵 毓丿丕賱鬲 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖鈥屫促�. 丕夭 胤乇賮 丿蹖诏賴貙 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖鈥屬囏� 賴賲 诏丕賴蹖 毓賳丕氐乇 胤賳夭 鬲賱禺 蹖丕 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 睾蹖乇賲賳鬲馗乇賴 丿丕乇賳鈥斮呚� 爻禺賳丕賳 胤毓賳賴鈥屫①呟屫� 賳诏賴亘丕賳 鬲賵蹖 賲讴亘孬. 亘賴乇丨丕賱 賲爻禺氐賴 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 丿乇 賴乇 丿賵 跇丕賳乇貙 賲賴丕乇鬲 蹖讴爻丕賳蹖 丿乇 讴丕賵卮 乇賵丕賳 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 噩丕賲毓賴 亘賴 讴丕乇 亘乇丿賴貙 賵 亘乇鬲乇蹖 丿丕丿賳 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 亘乇 讴賲丿蹖 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賳鬲蹖噩賴 爻賱蹖賯賴 賲禺丕胤亘丕賳 賲丿乇賳 賴爻鬲卮 鬲丕 賳蹖鬲 蹖丕 鬲賵丕賳丕蹖蹖 卮讴爻倬蹖乇. 丕蹖賳 丕賮爻丕賳賴貙 丿乇 賵丕賯毓貙 丿乇讴 賳丕丿乇爻鬲蹖 丕夭 鬲賳賵毓 賵 睾賳丕蹖 丌孬丕乇 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 乇賵 賳卮賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫�.
丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇貙 賲乇丿丕賳 鬲賵胤卅賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 鬲氐賲蹖賲 賲蹖鈥屭屫辟嗀� 賵 禺賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫臂屫操嗀�. 丕賲丕 丿乇 丨丕卮蹖賴鈥� 丕蹖賳 氐丨賳賴鈥� 倬乇 丕夭 禺賵賳 賵 禺賳噩乇貙 夭賳丕賳蹖 丕蹖爻鬲丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 讴賴 丨賯蹖賯鬲 乇丕 倬蹖卮 丕夭 賴賲賴 丿蹖丿賴鈥屫з嗀€斮� 氐丿丕蹖卮丕賳 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 賴蹖丕賴賵蹖 賯丿乇鬲貙 禺賮賴 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲.
丕蹖賳 蹖讴 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 讴賴賳 賵 鬲讴乇丕乇蹖 爻鬲. 夭賳丕賳 賴賲蹖卮賴 丿蹖丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 賴卮丿丕乇 丿丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 賮賴賲蹖丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 丕賲丕 賴乇诏夭 丿乇 鬲氐賲蹖賲鈥屭屫臂屸€屬囏� 噩丕蹖蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲賴鈥屫з嗀�. 鬲丕乇蹖禺 倬乇 丕夭 賲乇丿丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿賳蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴 賳丕亘賵丿蹖 讴卮丕賳丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 趩賵賳 亘賴 讴賱賲丕鬲蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丿賴丕賳 夭賳丕賳 亘蹖乇賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫①呚� 鬲賳賴丕 亘賴 趩卮賲 夭賲夭賲賴鈥屬囏й屰� 亘蹖鈥屫з囐呟屫� 賳诏丕賴 讴乇丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 丕诏乇 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 卮賳蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫簇� 爻夭丕乇 夭賳丿賴 賲蹖鈥屬呚з嗀�. 丕诏乇 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 噩丿蹖 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫簇� 卮丕蹖丿 鬲丕乇蹖禺 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屭┴必�.
鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賯蹖氐乇 鬲賳賴丕 蹖讴 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賳蹖爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 鬲氐賵蹖乇蹖 丕夭 噩賴丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賴賳賵夭 賴賲 夭賳丕賳 乇丕 賳丕丿蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屭屫必� 讴賴 賴卮丿丕乇賴丕蹖卮丕賳 乇丕 鬲丕 夭賲丕賳蹖 讴賴 丿蹖乇 賳卮丿賴貙 賳賲蹖鈥屫促嗁堌�.
賵 丕讴賳賵賳 倬乇爻卮 丕爻丕爻蹖 丕蹖賳噩丕爻鬲: 鬲丕 讴蹖 賯乇丕乇 丕爻鬲 噩賴丕賳 亘賴 亘賴丕蹖 賳丕丿蹖丿賴 诏乇賮鬲賳 氐丿丕蹖 夭賳丕賳貙 爻賯賵胤 讴賳丿責
丕夭 卮賲丕 丿毓賵鬲 賲蹖讴賳賲 亘丕 禺賵丕賳丿賳 賲乇賵乇 夭蹖乇貙 賴賲乇丕賴 賲賳 亘賴 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賯蹖氐乇 丕夭 賲賳馗乇蹖 丿蹖诏乇_夭丕賵蹖賴 丿蹖丿 夭賳丕賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 _ 賳诏丕賴 讴賳蹖丿貙 賵 丕賳毓讴丕爻 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 賳丕卮賳蹖丿賴 卮丿賴鈥屰� 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 讴賲鈥屬佖辟堌贺� 丕賲丕 賲賴賲 丕蹖賳 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 亘丕卮蹖丿.
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"夭賳丕賳 賮乇丕賲賵卮鈥屫簇団€� 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇" 蹖丕 "趩賴 讴爻蹖 氐丿丕蹖 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 乇丕 卮賳蹖丿責"
賵賯鬲蹖 賳丕賲 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘賴 夭亘丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 匕賴賳鈥屬囏� 丕睾賱亘 賲乇丿丕賳 倬乇賴蹖丕賴賵蹖 乇賵賲 乇丕 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 賲蹖鈥屫①堌辟嗀� 爻夭丕乇 亘丕 鬲丕噩 丕賮鬲禺丕乇卮貙 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 亘丕 禺賳噩乇 倬賳賴丕賳卮貙 讴丕爻蹖賵爻 亘丕 鬲賵胤卅賴鈥屬囏й� 夭蹖乇讴丕賳賴鈥屫ж� 賵 丌賳鬲賵賳蹖 亘丕 賴賵卮 賵 亘賱丕睾鬲鈥屫ж�. 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴貙 讴賴 丿乇 賯賱亘 禺賵丿 乇丕賵蹖 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賯丿乇鬲 賵 禺蹖丕賳鬲 丕爻鬲貙 亘賴鈥屬嗀必� 丕夭 賲賳馗乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й屰� 丿蹖丿賴 卮丿賴 讴賴 丿乇 爻丕蹖賴鈥� 丕蹖賳 賲乇丿丕賳 丕蹖爻鬲丕丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 蹖毓賳蹖 夭賳丕賳. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕貙 賴賲爻乇 爻夭丕乇貙 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 賴賲爻乇 亘乇賵鬲賵爻貙 丕睾賱亘 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 丨丕卮蹖賴鈥屬囏й屰� 诏匕乇丕 丿乇 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏� 賵 诏賮鬲诏賵賴丕 賳丕丿蹖丿賴 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀�. 丕賲丕 丌蹖丕 丕蹖賳 亘蹖鈥屫堌囒� 毓丕丿賱丕賳賴 丕爻鬲責 丌蹖丕 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貙 丕蹖賳 賯氐賴鈥屭堐� 亘夭乇诏 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲貙 丿乇 禺賱賯 丕蹖賳 夭賳丕賳 氐乇賮丕賸 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 倬乇讴乇丿賳 氐丨賳賴 亘賵丿賴貙 蹖丕 趩蹖夭蹖 毓賲蹖賯鈥屫� 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 丕爻鬲責 丿乇 丕蹖賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵貙 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囐� 賳賵乇蹖 亘乇 丕蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘賴鈥屫肛з囏� 讴賲鈥屫辟嗂� 亘蹖丕賳丿丕夭賲 賵 賳卮丕賳 丿賴賲 讴賴 氐丿丕蹖 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 丕诏乇趩賴 丿乇 賴蹖丕賴賵蹖 乇賵賲 亘丕爻鬲丕賳 诏賲 卮丿賴貙 丕賲丕 丨丕賲賱 倬蹖丕賲蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賴賳賵夭 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 胤賳蹖賳鈥屫ж� 乇丕 卮賳蹖丿.
鈼� 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕貙 夭賳蹖 讴賴 賮乇蹖丕丿卮 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 睾乇賵乇 賳卮賳蹖丿賴 賲丕賳丿.
讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 丕賵賱蹖賳 亘丕乇 丿乇 倬乇丿賴鈥� 丿賵賲貙 氐丨賳賴鈥� 丕賵賱 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賳賴 亘丕 卮讴賵賴 賵 噩賱丕賱 蹖讴 賲賱讴賴貙 亘賱讴賴 亘丕 鬲乇爻 賵 丕賱鬲賲丕爻鈥屬囏й� 蹖讴 賴賲爻乇. 丕賵 丕夭 爻夭丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 讴賴 亘賴 爻賳丕 賳乇賵丿貙 趩乇丕 讴賴 乇賵蹖丕賴丕蹖卮 倬乇 丕夭 卮賵賲鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃� 丕爻鬲. 芦爻夭丕乇貙 賲賳 賴蹖趩鈥屬堎傌� 亘賴 賮丕賱鈥屬囏� 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 賳丿丕卮鬲賲貙 丕賲丕 丨丕賱丕 賲蹖鈥屫必迟吢� (倬乇丿賴 丿賵賲貙 氐丨賳賴 丿賵賲)貨 丕蹖賳 噩賲賱丕鬲 爻丕丿賴 丕賲丕 倬乇賲毓賳丕貙 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 乇丕 丕夭 蹖讴 賴賲爻乇 賲賳賮毓賱 亘賴 蹖讴 倬蹖卮鈥屭� 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴爻蹖 讴賴 賳賴 丕夭 爻乇 禺乇丕賮丕鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 丕夭 爻乇 卮賴賵丿 丕賳爻丕賳蹖貙 賮丕噩毓賴 乇丕 倬蹖卮鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃� 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 乇賵蹖丕賴丕蹖卮 倬乇 丕夭 鬲氐丕賵蹖乇 賴賵賱賳丕讴 丕爻鬲貙 乇賵蹖丕賴丕蹖蹖 趩賵賳 賲噩爻賲賴鈥� 爻夭丕乇 讴賴 丕夭 丌賳 禺賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫堌簇� 賵 乇賵賲蹖鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 丿爻鬲鈥屬囏й屫簇з� 乇丕 丿乇 丕蹖賳 禺賵賳 卮爻鬲鈥屬堌促� 賲蹖鈥屫囐嗀�. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 丕蹖賳 鬲氐賵蹖乇爻丕夭蹖貙 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴 氐丿丕蹖 毓賯賱 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 胤賵賮丕賳 睾乇賵乇 爻夭丕乇 亘丿賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 鬲賳賴丕 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丕賵爻鬲. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賳賴鈥屫嗁囏� 蹖讴 倬蹖卮鈥屭堌� 亘賱讴賴 夭賳蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 毓賲賯 乇丕亘胤賴鈥屫ж� 亘丕 爻夭丕乇貙 卮讴賳賳丿诏蹖 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲 丕賵 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀�. 丕賵 爻夭丕乇 乇丕 賳賴 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 蹖讴 賮乇賲丕賳乇賵丕蹖 卮讴爻鬲鈥屬嗀з矩佰屫必� 亘賱讴賴 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 卮賵賴乇蹖 賲蹖鈥屬嗂必� 讴賴 丿乇 賲毓乇囟 禺胤乇 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 賳诏丕賴 丕賳爻丕賳蹖貙 丕賵 乇丕 丕夭 蹖讴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 氐乇賮丕賸 賳賲丕丿蹖賳 亘賴 夭賳蹖 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 毓卮賯 賵 鬲乇爻卮 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 丨乇讴鬲 賵丕 賲蹖鈥屫ж必�.
丕賲丕 爻夭丕乇 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 趩賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 丕賵 丕蹖賳 賴卮丿丕乇 乇丕 亘丕 鬲賲爻禺乇 乇丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 芦鬲乇爻賵賴丕 倬蹖卮 丕夭 賲乇诏 亘丕乇賴丕 賲蹖鈥屬呟屫辟嗀� 丕賲丕 卮噩丕毓丕賳 賮賯胤 蹖讴鈥屫ㄘж� 胤毓賲 賲乇诏 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屭嗀促嗀� (倬乇丿賴 丿賵賲貙 氐丨賳賴 丿賵賲). 丕蹖賳 倬丕爻禺貙 讴賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲毓乇賵賮鈥屫臂屬� 丿蹖丕賱賵诏鈥屬囏й� 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丕爻鬲貙 賳賴鈥屫嗁囏� 睾乇賵乇 爻夭丕乇 乇丕 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 亘賱讴賴 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 丿乇 賳賮賵匕 亘賴 丿賳蹖丕蹖 賲乇丿丕賳賴鈥� 丕賵 乇丕 賴賲 亘乇噩爻鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丕蹖賳噩丕 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 蹖讴 倬丕乇丕丿賵讴爻 馗乇蹖賮 禺賱賯 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕貙 讴賴 亘賴鈥屫必池� 丌蹖賳丿賴 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀� 丿乇 噩賴丕賳蹖 賲丨讴賵賲 亘賴 爻讴賵鬲 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賮賯胤 亘賴 卮賲卮蹖乇 賵 爻禺賳乇丕賳蹖 诏賵卮 賲蹖鈥屫囏�. 丌蹖丕 丕蹖賳 鬲賯氐蹖乇 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕爻鬲 讴賴 氐丿丕蹖卮 卮賳蹖丿賴 賳卮丿貙 蹖丕 鬲賯氐蹖乇 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 讴賴 夭賳丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 丨丕卮蹖賴 乇丕賳丿賴 亘賵丿責
亘乇丕蹖 丿乇讴 亘賴鬲乇 丕蹖賳 賳丕丿蹖丿賴鈥屭辟佖嗀� 亘丕蹖丿 亘賴 夭賲蹖賳賴鈥� 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賵 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 乇賵賲 亘丕爻鬲丕賳 賳诏丕賴蹖 亘蹖丕賳丿丕夭蹖賲. 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴鈥� 乇賵賲貙 夭賳丕賳貙 丨鬲蹖 夭賳丕賳 丕卮乇丕賮蹖 賲丕賳賳丿 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕貙 丕夭 賲卮丕乇讴鬲 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 丿乇 爻蹖丕爻鬲 賲丨乇賵賲 亘賵丿賳丿. 丌賳鈥屬囏� 丨賯 乇兀蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲賳丿貙 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀池嗀� 丿乇 爻賳丕 爻禺賳 亘诏賵蹖賳丿 賵 丕睾賱亘 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 丕亘夭丕乇賴丕蹖蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丕鬲丨丕丿 爻蹖丕爻蹖 丕夭 胤乇蹖賯 丕夭丿賵丕噩 丿蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫簇嗀�. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱貙 賳賮賵匕 睾蹖乇賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 倬卮鬲 倬乇丿賴 賳丕丿蹖丿賴鈥屭辟佖嗃� 賳亘賵丿. 鬲丕乇蹖禺鈥屬嗂ж必з� 乇賵賲蹖 賲丕賳賳丿 鬲丕爻蹖鬲賵爻 賵 爻賵卅鬲賵賳蹖賵爻 诏夭丕乇卮鈥屬囏й屰� 丕夭 賴賲爻乇丕賳 丕卮乇丕賮蹖 丿丕乇賳丿 讴賴 亘丕 賲卮丕賵乇賴 賵 賴卮丿丕乇賴丕蹖卮丕賳 亘乇 卮賵賴乇丕賳卮丕賳 鬲兀孬蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж簇嗀� 賴乇趩賳丿 丕蹖賳 鬲兀孬蹖乇 亘賴鈥屬嗀必� 毓賱賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫簇�. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 丿乇 丕蹖賳 趩丕乇趩賵亘貙 鬲噩爻賲蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賳賯卮 爻賳鬲蹖 丕賲丕 賲丨丿賵丿 丕爻鬲. 丕賵 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 爻夭丕乇 乇丕 丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳 毓賲賵賲蹖 賴賲乇丕賴蹖 讴賳丿貙 丕賲丕 丿乇 禺賱賵鬲貙 鬲賱丕卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 亘丕 鬲讴蹖賴 亘乇 乇丕亘胤賴鈥屰� 卮禺氐蹖鈥屫ж簇� 丕賵 乇丕 丕夭 賵乇賵丿 亘賴 賲爻蹖乇 賮丕噩毓賴 亘丕夭丿丕乇丿. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 丌诏丕賴蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲丨丿賵丿蹖鬲鈥屬囏ж� 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 蹖讴 倬賱 亘蹖賳 丿賳蹖丕蹖 禺氐賵氐蹖 賵 毓賲賵賲蹖 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 夭賳蹖 讴賴 丿乇 禺丕賳賴 賮乇蹖丕丿 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀� 丕賲丕 丿乇 爻賳丕 卮賳蹖丿賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 丕蹖賳 鬲囟丕丿貙 賳賴鈥屫嗁囏� 亘賴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丕賵 毓賲賯 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ簇� 亘賱讴賴 賳賯丿蹖 馗乇蹖賮 亘賴 噩丕賲毓賴鈥� 乇賵賲 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 氐丿丕蹖 夭賳丕賳 乇丕 鬲賳賴丕 丿乇 氐賵乇鬲蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促嗁堌� 讴賴 亘丕 禺賵丕爻鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 賲乇丿丕賳 賴賲鈥屫必ж池� 亘丕卮丿.
亘蹖丕蹖蹖丿 賱丨馗賴鈥屫й� 鬲兀賲賱 讴賳蹖賲. 丕诏乇 爻夭丕乇 亘賴 丨乇賮 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 诏賵卮 丿丕丿賴 亘賵丿貙 丌蹖丕 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 乇禺 賳賲蹖鈥屫ж� 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 爻丐丕賱 亘蹖卮 丕夭 丨丿 爻丕丿賴鈥屫з嗂ж必з嗁� 亘賴 賳馗乇 亘乇爻丿貙 丕賲丕 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 賯乇丕乇 丿丕丿賳 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲貙 賲丕 乇丕 賵丕丿丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 亘賴 賳賯卮 賳丕丿蹖丿賴鈥屭辟佖団€屫簇団€� 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 鬲氐賲蹖賲鈥屭屫臂屸€屬囏й� 亘夭乇诏 賮讴乇 讴賳蹖賲. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 賴賲爻乇 爻夭丕乇貙 亘賱讴賴 丌蹖賳賴鈥屫й� 丕夭 賵噩丿丕賳 丕賵爻鬲 讴賴 丕夭 賳诏丕賴 讴乇丿賳 亘賴 賵蹖 爻乇 亘丕夭 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀�. 丿乇 噩賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 倬蹖卮鈥屭堐屰屸€屬囏� 賵 賮丕賱鈥屬囏� 噩丿蹖 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 賲孬賱 賴卮丿丕乇 賮丕賱鈥屭屫臂� 讴賴 賴卮丿丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 芦丕夭 丕蹖丿爻 賲丕乇爻 亘鬲乇爻禄貙 趩乇丕 氐丿丕蹖 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕貙 讴賴 丕夭 丿賱 毓卮賯 賵 賳诏乇丕賳蹖 亘乇賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 賳丕丿蹖丿賴 诏乇賮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 卮丕蹖丿 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 亘诏賵蹖丿 讴賴 丿乇 賴蹖丕賴賵蹖 賯丿乇鬲貙 丕賵賱蹖賳 賯乇亘丕賳蹖丕賳 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 禺丕賲賵卮蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 丨賯蹖賯鬲 乇丕 賮乇蹖丕丿 賲蹖鈥屫操嗁嗀�. 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 鬲賳賴丕 亘禺卮蹖 丕夭 賳賯卮 丕賵 賳蹖爻鬲. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賴賲趩賳蹖賳 亘賴 賲丕 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 讴賴 趩诏賵賳賴 毓卮賯 賵 鬲乇爻 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗁嗀� 亘賴 蹖讴 卮賴賵丿 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿 鬲亘丿蹖賱 卮賵賳丿. 乇賵蹖丕賴丕蹖卮 氐乇賮丕賸 讴丕亘賵爻鈥屬囏й� 蹖讴 夭賳 賴乇丕爻丕賳 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿貨 丌賳鈥屬囏� 亘丕夭鬲丕亘蹖 丕夭 丌卮賵亘 丿乇賵賳蹖 爻夭丕乇 賵 噩丕賲毓賴鈥屫й� 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 丕賵 乇賴亘乇蹖鈥屫ж� 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲毓賳丕貙 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賳賴鈥屫嗁囏� 賵噩丿丕賳 爻夭丕乇貙 亘賱讴賴 賵噩丿丕賳 讴賱 乇賵賲 丕爻鬲貙 賵 賳丕丿蹖丿賴 诏乇賮鬲賳 丕賵貙 賳丕丿蹖丿賴 诏乇賮鬲賳 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 噩丕賴鈥屫焚勜ㄛ� 丕爻鬲.
卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 禺賱賯 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕貙 賲丕 乇丕 亘賴 丕蹖賳 倬乇爻卮 賵丕 賲蹖鈥屫ж必� 讴賴 丌蹖丕 丕賵 氐乇賮丕賸 蹖讴 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 賲賳賮毓賱 丕爻鬲 蹖丕 蹖讴 賯賴乇賲丕賳 鬲乇丕跇蹖讴 丿乇 賲賯蹖丕爻 讴賵趩讴責 亘乇禺賱丕賮 爻夭丕乇 讴賴 亘丕 睾乇賵乇 亘賴 爻賵蹖 賲乇诏 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌� 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 亘丕 賮乇賵鬲賳蹖 賵 丌诏丕賴蹖 鬲賱丕卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 乇丕 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 丿賴丿. 丕蹖賳 鬲賱丕卮貙 賴乇趩賳丿 賳丕讴丕賲 賲蹖鈥屬呚з嗀� 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴鈥屫� 丕夭 蹖讴 賴賲爻乇 賳诏乇丕賳 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丕賵 丿乇 爻讴賵鬲卮貙 賮乇蹖丕丿蹖 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 鬲丕 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 胤賳蹖賳鈥屫з嗀ж� 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賮乇蹖丕丿蹖 讴賴 丕诏乇 卮賳蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫簇� 卮丕蹖丿 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇賵賲 乇丕 噩賵乇 丿蹖诏乇蹖 乇賯賲 賲蹖鈥屫藏�.
鈼� 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 賲噩乇賵丨賽 夭禺賲鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 丕夭 夭禺賲 禺賳噩乇 毓賲蹖賯鈥屫辟嗀�.
丿乇 爻賵蹖 丿蹖诏乇 丿丕爻鬲丕賳貙 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 賴賲爻乇 亘乇賵鬲賵爻貙 丕蹖爻鬲丕丿賴 丕爻鬲貙 夭賳蹖 讴賴 賳賴 亘丕 乇賵蹖丕賴丕蹖卮貙 亘賱讴賴 亘丕 丕乇丕丿賴 賵 噩爻丕乇鬲卮 賲丕 乇丕 亘賴 禺賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀�. 丕賵 丿乇 倬乇丿賴鈥� 丿賵賲貙 氐丨賳賴鈥� 丕賵賱貙 丕夭 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 讴賴 乇丕夭 丌卮賵亘 丿乇賵賳蹖鈥屫ж� 乇丕 亘丕 丕賵 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 亘诏匕丕乇丿貙 丌賳噩丕 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 芦賲賳 賮賯胤 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賳蹖爻鬲賲貙 亘賱讴賴 賴賲爻乇 鬲賵丕賲... 丌蹖丕 賲賳 丕夭 丕爻乇丕乇 鬲賵 噩丿丕 卮丿賴鈥屫з呚熉� (倬乇丿賴 丿賵賲貙 氐丨賳賴 丕賵賱). 丕蹖賳 丿乇禺賵丕爻鬲貙 讴賴 亘丕 卮噩丕毓鬲 賵 氐乇丕丨鬲 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 乇丕 丕夭 蹖讴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賮乇毓蹖 亘賴 蹖讴 賳蹖乇賵蹖 賲丨乇讴 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丕賵 丨鬲蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丕孬亘丕鬲 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖 賵 賯丿乇鬲 禺賵丿貙 夭禺賲蹖 亘乇 乇丕賳卮 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫�: 芦賲賳 丕蹖賳 乇丕 鬲丨賲賱 讴乇丿賴鈥屫з呚� 丌蹖丕 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗁� 乇丕夭賴丕蹖鬲 乇丕 賴賲 鬲丨賲賱 讴賳賲責禄
丕蹖賳 賱丨馗賴貙 讴賴 丕睾賱亘 丿乇 爻丕蹖賴鈥� 鬲賵胤卅賴鈥� 丕氐賱蹖 诏賲 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿鬲乇蹖賳 鬲氐丕賵蹖乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丕爻鬲. 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 亘丕 丕蹖賳 毓賲賱貙 賳賴鈥屫嗁囏� 禺賵丿 乇丕 賴賲鈥屫必ж� 賲乇丿丕賳 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 亘賱讴賴 亘賴鈥屬嗁堌观� 丕夭 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 倬蹖卮蹖 賲蹖鈥屭屫必�. 亘乇賵鬲賵爻貙 讴賴 亘毓丿丕賸 禺賳噩乇 乇丕 亘乇 爻夭丕乇 賮乇賵 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 丿乇 丕蹖賳噩丕 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 夭賳蹖 丕蹖爻鬲丕丿賴 讴賴 倬蹖卮鈥屫� 夭禺賲 乇丕 亘乇 禺賵丿 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 賱丨馗賴 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 讴賴 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 丿乇讴 毓賲蹖賯蹖 丕夭 賲賮賴賵賲 賮丿丕讴丕乇蹖 丿丕乇丿貙 賮丿丕讴丕乇蹖鈥屫й� 讴賴 亘毓丿丕賸 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 亘丕 讴卮鬲賳 爻夭丕乇 亘賴 卮讴賱 丿蹖诏乇蹖 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏�. 丕賲丕 鬲賮丕賵鬲 丕蹖賳噩丕爻鬲 讴賴 夭禺賲 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 丕夭 爻乇 毓卮賯 賵 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖 丕爻鬲貙 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 讴賴 禺賳噩乇 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 丕夭 爻乇 禺蹖丕賳鬲 賵 丕蹖丿卅賵賱賵跇蹖. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 丕蹖賳 倬丕乇丕丿賵讴爻貙 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 蹖讴 丌蹖賳賴鈥� 丕禺賱丕賯蹖 亘乇丕蹖 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫囏�.
卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 丕蹖賳 氐丨賳賴貙 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴 賳賲丕丿蹖 丕夭 賮丿丕讴丕乇蹖 賵 賲賯丕賵賲鬲 亘丿賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 賲賯丕賵賲鬲 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 趩賴 趩蹖夭蹖 丕爻鬲責 賳賴 丿卮賲賳 禺丕乇噩蹖貙 亘賱讴賴 丿蹖賵丕乇 爻讴賵鬲 賵 亘蹖鈥屫ж关呚ж� 讴賴 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 亘蹖賳 禺賵丿 賵 丕賵 讴卮蹖丿賴. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱貙 倬丕爻禺 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 亘賴 丕蹖賳 卮噩丕毓鬲 趩蹖爻鬲責 丕賵 丕亘鬲丿丕 鬲爻賱蹖賲 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 賯賵賱 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 讴賴 乇丕夭卮 乇丕 亘诏賵蹖丿貙 丕賲丕 丿乇爻鬲 丿乇 賴賲蹖賳 賱丨馗賴貙 賵乇賵丿 讴丕爻蹖賵爻 賵 丿蹖诏乇 鬲賵胤卅賴鈥屭必з嗀� 诏賮鬲诏賵 乇丕 賯胤毓 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 亘丕乇 丿蹖诏乇 亘賴 丨丕卮蹖賴 乇丕賳丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賳賴 亘賴鈥屫ж坟� 囟毓賮 禺賵丿卮貙 亘賱讴賴 亘賴鈥屫ж坟� 噩賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 氐丿丕蹖 丕賵 噩丕蹖蹖 賳丿丕乇丿.
蹖讴 夭丕賵蹖賴鈥� 噩丕賱亘 丿蹖诏乇貙 賲乇诏 倬賵乇卮蹖丕爻鬲. 丿乇 倬乇丿賴鈥� 趩賴丕乇賲貙 氐丨賳賴鈥� 爻賵賲貙 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 亘賴 讴丕爻蹖賵爻 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 讴賴 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 亘丕 亘賱毓蹖丿賳 丌鬲卮 禺賵丿讴卮蹖 讴乇丿賴貙 趩賵賳 睾賲 丿賵乇蹖 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 賵 卮讴爻鬲 乇賵賲 乇丕 鬲丕亘 賳蹖丕賵乇丿. 丕蹖賳 賲乇诏貙 讴賴 亘賴鈥屫蒂堌必� 诏匕乇丕 匕讴乇 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 倬乇 丕夭 丕亘賴丕賲 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘж簇�. 丌蹖丕 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賵丕賯毓丕賸 丕夭 爻乇 囟毓賮 禺賵丿讴卮蹖 讴乇丿貙 蹖丕 丕蹖賳 毓賲賱蹖 丕毓鬲乇丕囟蹖 亘賵丿責 亘賱毓蹖丿賳 丌鬲卮貙 讴賴 乇賵卮蹖 睾蹖乇賲毓賲賵賱 賵 丿乇丿賳丕讴 丕爻鬲貙 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 賳賲丕丿蹖 丕夭 禺卮賲 賵 賳丕丕賲蹖丿蹖 亘丕卮丿貙 賮乇蹖丕丿蹖 禺丕賲賵卮 毓賱蹖賴 噩賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 氐丿丕蹖 丕賵 乇丕 賳卮賳蹖丿. 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 讴賴 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 爻毓蹖 讴乇丿 亘丕 夭禺賲 賵 丕賱鬲賲丕爻 卮賳蹖丿賴 亘卮賵丿貙 丿乇 賲乇诏卮 賴賲 亘丕 丕賳鬲禺丕亘蹖 噩爻賵乇丕賳賴貙 丌禺乇蹖賳 丨乇賮 禺賵丿 乇丕 夭丿. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 丕蹖賳 倬丕蹖丕賳貙 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 乇丕 亘賴 蹖讴 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 丿乇 丿賱 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 亘夭乇诏鈥屫� 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 賲乇诏 丕賵 诏賵丕賴蹖 鬲賱禺 亘乇 丕蹖賳 丕賳夭賵丕爻鬲. 丌蹖丕 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 鬲賵胤卅賴鈥� 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 卮丿貙 蹖丕 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖鈥屫ж� 丿乇 鬲賱丕卮 亘乇丕蹖 卮賳蹖丿賴 卮丿賳責 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 丕蹖賳 倬乇爻卮 乇丕 亘蹖鈥屬矩ж池� 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж必� 丕賲丕 賴賲蹖賳 爻讴賵鬲貙 禺賵丿 賮乇蹖丕丿蹖 亘賱賳丿 丕爻鬲.
鈼� 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 賲乇丿丕賳
讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 賴乇趩賳丿 丿乇 馗丕賴乇 賳賯卮鈥屬囏й� 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲蹖 丿丕乇賳丿貙 丿乇 蹖讴 賳賯胤賴 賲卮鬲乇讴賳丿貨 丌賳鈥屬囏� 氐丿丕蹖 毓賯賱 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲鈥屫з嗀� 丿乇 噩賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 亘賴鈥屫迟堐� 賳丕亘賵丿蹖 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌�. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 亘丕 卮賴賵丿卮 爻毓蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 爻夭丕乇 乇丕 丕夭 賲乇诏 賳噩丕鬲 丿賴丿貙 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 亘丕 卮噩丕毓鬲卮 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 乇丕 丕夭 賮乇賵倬丕卮蹖 丿乇賵賳蹖 丨賮馗 讴賳丿. 丕賲丕 賴乇 丿賵 卮讴爻鬲 賲蹖鈥屫堌辟嗀� 賳賴 亘賴鈥屫ж坟� 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 禺賵丿卮丕賳貙 亘賱讴賴 亘賴鈥屫ж坟� 爻蹖爻鬲賲蹖 讴賴 诏賵卮鈥屬囏й屫� 乇丕 亘賴 乇賵蹖 丌賳鈥屬囏� 亘爻鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 丿乇 乇賵賲 亘丕爻鬲丕賳貙 夭賳丕賳 丨賯 賲卮丕乇讴鬲 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 丿乇 爻蹖丕爻鬲 乇丕 賳丿丕卮鬲賳丿貙 丕賲丕 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 讴賴 鬲兀孬蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 睾蹖乇賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 丕賲丕 毓賲蹖賯 亘丕卮丿. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 賴乇趩賳丿 丕夭 氐丨賳賴鈥� 丕氐賱蹖 賯丿乇鬲 (爻賳丕 賵 賲蹖丿丕賳 噩賳诏) 丿賵乇賳丿貙 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 賳诏賴亘丕賳丕賳 丕禺賱丕賯 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲鈥屫з嗀�. 丕蹖賳 倬丕乇丕丿賵讴爻 讴賴 夭賳丕賳 賴賲 囟毓蹖賮 丿蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 賵 賴賲 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿 毓賲賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 卮丕賴讴丕乇賴丕蹖 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘丕 夭蹖乇讴蹖 賴賲蹖卮诏蹖鈥屫ж簇� 賳賯丿蹖 馗乇蹖賮 亘賴 噩丕賲毓賴鈥� 賲乇丿爻丕賱丕乇 乇賵賲 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賳賯丿蹖 讴賴 賮乇丕鬲乇 丕夭 夭賲丕賳 禺賵丿卮 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌� 賵 亘賴 毓氐乇 賲丕 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫必池�.
丿乇 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏й� 爻賳鬲蹖貙 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 爻賯賵胤 蹖讴 丕賲倬乇丕鬲賵乇 蹖丕 禺蹖丕賳鬲 蹖讴 丿賵爻鬲 禺賵丕賳丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 丕賲丕 丕诏乇 丕夭 夭丕賵蹖賴鈥� 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賳诏丕賴 讴賳蹖賲貙 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 鬲亘丿蹖賱 亘賴 乇賵丕蹖鬲蹖 丕夭 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 诏賲鈥屫簇� 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 禺賱賯 丕蹖賳 夭賳丕賳貙 賲丕 乇丕 亘賴 趩丕賱卮 賲蹖鈥屭┴簇� 讴賴 亘倬乇爻蹖賲: 丕诏乇 丕蹖賳 氐丿丕賴丕 卮賳蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫簇嗀� 丌蹖丕 鬲丕乇蹖禺 乇賵賲 (蹖丕 丨鬲蹖 鬲丕乇蹖禺 禺賵丿賲丕賳) 噩賵乇 丿蹖诏乇蹖 乇賯賲 賲蹖鈥屫堌必� 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 亘賴 賲丕 蹖丕丿丌賵乇蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 讴賴 丿乇 賴乇 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖貙 趩蹖夭蹖 亘蹖卮 丕夭 賯賴乇賲丕賳丕賳 乇賵蹖 氐丨賳賴 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 趩蹖夭蹖 丕夭 噩賳爻 賵噩丿丕賳貙 毓卮賯貙 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲.
鈼� 趩乇丕 丕蹖賳 夭賳丕賳 賮乇丕賲賵卮 卮丿賴鈥屫з嗀�
卮丕蹖丿 亘倬乇爻蹖丿 趩乇丕 丕蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏� 丿乇 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏� 賵 丕賯鬲亘丕爻鈥屬囏� 讴賲鈥屫辟嗂� 賲丕賳丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 倬丕爻禺 爻丕丿賴 丕爻鬲: 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 卮賲卮蹖乇 賵 鬲丕噩 丕爻鬲貙 賵 丿乇 丕蹖賳 乇賵丕蹖鬲 倬乇賴蹖丕賴賵貙 氐丿丕蹖 丌乇丕賲 夭賳丕賳 亘賴鈥屫池� 卮賳蹖丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 讴賲鈥屫辟嗂屫� 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 賲丕爻鬲. 賲丕貙 禺賵丕賳賳丿诏丕賳 賵 鬲賲丕卮丕诏乇丕賳貙 丕睾賱亘 噩匕亘 丿乇丕賲 亘夭乇诏鈥屫� 賲蹖鈥屫促堐屬� 賵 賮乇丕賲賵卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃屬� 讴賴 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貙 丿乇 夭蹖乇 賱丕蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 丕氐賱蹖貙 丿丕爻鬲丕賳鈥屬囏й� 讴賵趩讴鈥屫� 丕賲丕 毓賲蹖賯蹖 賴賲 亘丕賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲.
讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賯賴乇賲丕賳丕賳 讴賱丕爻蹖讴 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿. 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賳賴 爻禺賳乇丕賳蹖鈥屬囏й� 倬乇卮賵乇 丿丕乇賳丿貙 賳賴 卮賲卮蹖乇 亘賴 丿爻鬲 賲蹖鈥屭屫辟嗀�. 丕賲丕 賯丿乇鬲 丌賳鈥屬囏� 丿乇 賴賲蹖賳 爻丕丿诏蹖 丕爻鬲. 丿乇 乇賵蹖丕賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丨賯蹖賯鬲 乇丕 賮丕卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 丿乇 夭禺賲鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 賵賮丕丿丕乇蹖 乇丕 賮乇蹖丕丿 賲蹖鈥屫操嗁嗀�. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 丕蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏� 亘賴 賲丕 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 讴賴 诏丕賴蹖 亘夭乇诏鈥屫臂屬� 卮噩丕毓鬲貙 賳賴 丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳 噩賳诏貙 亘賱讴賴 丿乇 鬲賱丕卮 亘乇丕蹖 卮賳蹖丿賴 卮丿賳 丕爻鬲.
鈼� 丕賲乇賵夭 趩賴 賲蹖鈥屫促嗁堐屬呚�
丕诏乇 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇 乇丕 丕賲乇賵夭 亘禺賵丕賳蹖賲貙 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 亘蹖卮 丕夭 賴賲蹖卮賴 賲毓賳丕 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀�. 丿乇 噩賴丕賳蹖 讴賴 賴賳賵夭 賴賲 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丿乇 爻丕蹖賴鈥� 賯丿乇鬲 诏賲 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 丕蹖賳 夭賳丕賳 亘賴 賲丕 蹖丕丿丌賵乇蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 讴賴 诏賵卮 丿丕丿賳 亘賴 丨丕卮蹖賴鈥屬囏� 诏丕賴蹖 賲賴賲鈥屫� 丕夭 鬲賲丕卮丕蹖 賲乇讴夭 丕爻鬲. 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀池� 爻夭丕乇 乇丕 賳噩丕鬲 丿賴丿貙 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀池� 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 乇丕 丕夭 爻賯賵胤 丕禺賱丕賯蹖 亘丕夭丿丕乇丿貙 丕賲丕 賴蹖趩鈥屭┴з� 卮賳蹖丿賴 賳卮丿賳丿. 丕蹖賳 卮讴爻鬲 丌賳鈥屬囏� 賳蹖爻鬲貙 卮讴爻鬲 賲丕爻鬲.
丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴鈥� 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 跇賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇 賳賯卮 夭賳丕賳_ 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 (賴賲爻乇 爻夭丕乇) 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 (賴賲爻乇 亘乇賵鬲賵爻)_ 丕夭 賳馗乇 丨囟賵乇 讴賲賾蹖 丿乇 氐丨賳賴鈥屬囏� 賲丨丿賵丿貙 丕賲丕 丕夭 賳馗乇 讴蹖賮蹖 丿丕乇丕蹖 丕賴賲蹖鬲 亘爻蹖丕乇 丕爻鬲. 丕賲丕 趩诏賵賳賴責
鈼� 丕賴賲蹖鬲 賵 鬲兀孬蹖乇 丿乇 倬蹖卮亘乇丿 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖
亘購毓丿 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 賵 鬲囟丕丿 丿乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏�: 夭賳丕賳 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 毓賯賱貙 賵噩丿丕賳 賵 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲 毓賲賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 讴賴 丿乇 鬲囟丕丿 亘丕 丿賳蹖丕蹖 賲乇丿丕賳賴鈥� 爻蹖丕爻鬲貙 賯丿乇鬲 賵 禺卮賵賳鬲 賯乇丕乇 丿丕乇賳丿. 丕蹖賳 鬲囟丕丿貙 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 乇丕 丕夭 蹖讴 乇賵丕蹖鬲 氐乇賮丕賸 爻蹖丕爻蹖 亘賴 蹖讴 丿乇丕賲 毓賲蹖賯丕賸 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 鬲亘丿蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�.
鈼� 倬蹖卮鈥屭堐屰� 賵 爻乇賳賵卮鬲: 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬蹖卮鈥屭堐屰屸€屬囏й屫� 亘賴 賲囟賲賵賳 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 賵 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 丿乇 賮乇丕乇 丕夭 丌賳 丕卮丕乇賴 丿丕乇賳丿 讴賴 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 爻鬲賵賳鈥屬囏й� 丕氐賱蹖 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 丕爻鬲.
鈼� 鬲兀孬蹖乇 亘乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 丕氐賱蹖: 賴乇 丿賵 夭賳 亘乇 鬲氐賲蹖賲鈥屭屫臂屸€屬囏� 賵 丨丕賱丕鬲 乇賵丕賳蹖 爻夭丕乇 賵 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 丕孬乇 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж辟嗀� 丨鬲蹖 丕诏乇 丕蹖賳 鬲兀孬蹖乇 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 賳丕丿蹖丿賴 诏乇賮鬲賴 卮賵丿 蹖丕 亘賴 卮讴爻鬲 賲賳噩乇 卮賵丿.
鈼� 丌蹖丕 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 賳賯卮 丌賳賴丕 乇丕 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丨匕賮 讴乇丿責
丕夭 賳馗乇 爻丕禺鬲丕乇蹖貙 亘賱賴貙 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 乇丕 亘丿賵賳 丨囟賵乇 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 丕蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏� 亘丕夭賳賵蹖爻蹖 讴乇丿貙 夭蹖乇丕 禺胤 丕氐賱蹖 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 (鬲賵胤卅賴 毓賱蹖賴 爻夭丕乇貙 賯鬲賱 丕賵 賵 倬蹖丕賲丿賴丕蹖 丌賳) 亘賴 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 賲乇丿 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 丕賲丕 丨匕賮 丌賳賴丕 鬲兀孬蹖乇丕鬲 夭蹖乇 乇丕 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 禺賵丕賴丿 丿丕卮鬲:
掳 讴丕賴卮 毓賲賯 毓丕胤賮蹖: 亘丿賵賳 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕貙 噩賳亘賴鈥屬囏й� 卮禺氐蹖 賵 丌爻蹖亘鈥屬矩佰屫� 爻夭丕乇 賵 亘乇賵鬲賵爻 讴賲鬲乇 亘乇噩爻鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 亘賴 蹖讴 乇賵蹖丿丕丿 爻蹖丕爻蹖 氐乇賮 鬲賯賱蹖賱 賲蹖鈥屰屫жㄘ�.
掳 囟毓賮 丿乇 鬲賲鈥屬囏й� 鬲乇丕跇蹖讴: 賲囟丕賲蹖賳 爻乇賳賵卮鬲貙 睾乇賵乇 賵 賮乇賵倬丕卮蹖 丿乇賵賳蹖 亘丿賵賳 丨囟賵乇 丕蹖賳 夭賳丕賳 讴賴 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 丌蹖賳賴鈥屫й� 亘乇丕蹖 丕賳毓讴丕爻 囟毓賮鈥屬囏й� 賯賴乇賲丕賳丕賳 毓賲賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 讴賲鈥屫辟嗂€屫� 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀�.
掳 丕夭 丿爻鬲 乇賮鬲賳 鬲毓丕丿賱 噩賳爻蹖鬲蹖 賳賲丕丿蹖賳: 丨囟賵乇 夭賳丕賳貙 賴乇趩賳丿 賲丨丿賵丿貙 鬲毓丕丿賱蹖 賳賲丕丿蹖賳 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 丿賳蹖丕蹖 賲乇丿丕賳賴鈥� 乇賵賲 丕蹖噩丕丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 丨匕賮 丌賳賴丕 丕蹖賳 鬲毓丕丿賱 乇丕 亘乇 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀�.
卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘丕 诏賳噩丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏ж� 丨鬲蹖 丿乇 賳賯卮鈥屬囏й� 丨丕卮蹖賴鈥屫й屫� 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 讴賴 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 丿乇 賲蹖丿丕賳 賳亘乇丿 蹖丕 爻賳丕貙 亘賱讴賴 丿乇 乇賵丕亘胤 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 賵 丿乇賵賳蹖 賳蹖夭 乇蹖卮賴 丿丕乇丿.
丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 丕蹖賳 爻賮乇 亘賴 賯賱亘 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇貙 讴丕賱倬賵乇賳蹖丕 賵 倬賵乇卮蹖丕 賳賴鈥屫嗁囏� 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 诏賲鈥屫簇団€屰� 乇賵賲 亘丕爻鬲丕賳貙 亘賱讴賴 賮丕賳賵爻鈥屬囏й屰� 亘乇丕蹖 賲丕 丿乇 丕賲乇賵夭賳丿. 丌賳鈥屬囏� 亘賴 賲丕 賲蹖鈥屫①呝堌操嗀� 讴賴 丨鬲蹖 丿乇 爻丕蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 爻賳诏蹖賳 賯丿乇鬲貙 卮噩丕毓鬲 卮賳蹖丿賳 賵 賮乇蹖丕丿 夭丿賳 丨賯蹖賯鬲 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 噩賴丕賳蹖 乇丕 丿诏乇诏賵賳 讴賳丿. 倬爻 亘蹖丕蹖蹖丿 诏賵卮鈥屬囏й屬呚з� 乇丕 亘賴 乇賵蹖 氐丿丕賴丕蹖 禺丕賲賵卮 亘丕夭 讴賳蹖賲 賵 亘丕 丕賱賴丕賲 丕夭 丕蹖賳 夭賳丕賳 賮乇丕賲賵卮鈥屫簇囏� 禺賵丿賲丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 卮賳蹖丿賳 賵 卮賳蹖丿賴 卮丿賳 賲鬲毓賴丿 爻丕夭蹖賲貨 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳鈥屫ㄘж必� 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 亘賴 丕賲蹖丿 亘丿賱 卮賵丿.
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丕蹖賳 丿賵賲蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 丕夭 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賴爻鬲卮 讴賴 亘丕 丕賲蹖乇丨爻蹖賳 賴賲禺賵丕賳蹖 賲蹖讴賳賲貙 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 賯亘賱蹖 賲讴亘孬 亘賵丿 讴賴 賴乇丿賵 賴賲禺賵丕賳蹖貙 鬲噩乇亘賴 賴丕蹖蹖 亘賴 卮丿鬲 倬乇亘丕乇貙 丌賲賵夭賳丿賴貙 禺賱丕賯 賵 噩匕丕亘 亘賵丿賳. 噩丿賳 丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇賲 丕賲蹖乇丨爻蹖賳 賴賲 亘賴 丕賳丿丕夭賴 賲賳 賲卮鬲丕賯 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘毓丿蹖 亘丕卮賴 :))
賲孬賱 賴賲禺賵丕賳蹖 賯亘賱貙 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴 乇賵 亘丕 賳爻禺賴 賮丕乇爻蹖 卮乇賵毓 讴乇丿蹖賲貙 丕蹖賳亘丕乇 鬲乇噩賲賴 乇賵 禺賵賳丿蹖賲. 亘毓丿 賳爻禺賴 賳賵鈥宊賮蹖乇_卮讴爻倬蹖乇 乇賵 禺賵賳丿蹖賲. 賲賳 丕賯鬲亘丕爻 爻蹖賳賲丕蹖蹖 "爻夭丕乇 亘丕蹖丿 亘賲蹖乇丿" Caesar Must Die 2012 乇賵 丿蹖丿賲 讴賴 亘爻爻爻爻蹖丕乇 丕夭 丿蹖丿賳卮 讴蹖賮 讴乇丿賲 (賲乇爻蹖 賲爻毓賵丿 亘乇丕蹖 賲毓乇賮蹖) 賵 亘丕夭賲 賲孬賱 賴賲蹖卮賴 賵 讴丕乇蹖 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲賴 讴鬲丕亘賴丕蹖 賲賴賲蹖 讴賴 賲蹖禺賵賳賲 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖丿賲貙 氐丿 賲蹖賱蹖賵賳 鬲丕 賲賯丕賱賴 賵 鬲丨賯蹖賯 賵 賲鬲賳 賵 乇蹖賵蹖賵賵 賵 蹖丕丿丿丕卮鬲 禺賵賳丿賲 鬲丕 亘賴 賮賴賲 讴丕賲賱蹖 丕夭 丕孬乇 丿爻鬲 倬蹖丿丕 讴賳賲. 丿乇 丌禺乇 賴賲 鄢 鬲丕 丕夭 丕賮爻丕賳賴 賴丕蹖 賲毓乇賵賮 (卮丕蹖毓賴) 丿乇賲賵乇丿 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 乇賵 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 30 Great Myths About Shakespeare听 诏賱趩蹖賳 讴乇丿賲 讴賴 丕蹖賳 倬丕蹖蹖賳 賲蹖賳賵蹖爻賲 (卮丕蹖毓丕鬲 賮乇丿 乇賵 賲賳 賲蹖賳賵蹖爻賲 賵 夭賵噩 賴丕乇賵 丕賲蹖乇丨爻蹖賳)貨 亘禺卮 亘丕賳賲讴 亘乇賳丕賲賴 丕爻 賲孬賱丕 :)
禺賱丕氐賴 鈥屭┵� 賲賲賳賵賳賲 乇蹖賵蹖賵賵 乇賵 賲蹖禺賵賳蹖丿. 丕賲蹖丿賵丕乇賲 丕诏賴 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 賯蹖氐乇 乇賵 鬲丕丕賱丕賳 賳禺賵賳丿蹖丿貙 亘丕毓孬 亘卮賴 夭賵丿鬲乇 亘乇蹖丿 爻乇丕睾卮.
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30 Great Myths About Shakespeare
賳賵卮鬲賴鈥� 賱賵乇蹖 賲诏賵丕蹖乇 賵 丕賽賲丕 丕爻賲蹖鬲
丕賮爻丕賳賴 卮賲丕乇賴 鄣: "卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賴乇诏夭 爻賮乇 賳讴乇丿"
丕蹖賳 亘丕賵乇 讴賴 賵蹖賱蹖丕賲 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賴乇诏夭 丕夭 夭丕丿诏丕賴卮 蹖丕 賱賳丿賳 丿賵乇鬲乇 賳乇賮鬲貙 賲賵囟賵毓蹖賴 讴賴 丕睾賱亘 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖鈥屫促囏� 丕賲丕 卮賵丕賴丿 賯胤毓蹖 亘乇丕蹖 鬲兀蹖蹖丿 蹖丕 乇丿卮 讴賲賴. 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賳讴鬲賴 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 讴賴 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貙 亘乇禺賱丕賮 鬲氐賵乇 亘乇禺蹖貙 賳蹖丕夭蹖 亘賴 爻賮乇賴丕蹖 丿賵乇 賵 丿乇丕夭 賳丿丕卮鬲 鬲丕 丌孬丕乇蹖 亘丕 毓賲賯 噩睾乇丕賮蹖丕蹖蹖 賵 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 禺賱賯 讴賳賴. 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏й屰� 趩賵賳 鬲丕噩乇 賵賳蹖夭蹖 (亘丕 鬲賵氐蹖賮 賵賳蹖夭) 蹖丕 丕購鬲賱賵 (亘丕 丕卮丕乇賴 亘賴 賯亘乇爻) 賳卮丕賳鈥屫囐嗀� 丌诏丕賴蹖 丕賵賳 丕夭 賲讴丕賳鈥屬囏й� 丿賵乇丿爻鬲 賴爻鬲賳貙 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 丿丕賳卮 亘賴 丕丨鬲賲丕賱 夭蹖丕丿 丕夭 賲胤丕賱毓賴 讴鬲丕亘鈥屬囏ж� 诏賮鬲诏賵 亘丕 賲爻丕賮乇丕賳貙 賵 賲賳丕亘毓 賲讴鬲賵亘蹖 賲丕賳賳丿 爻賮乇賳丕賲賴鈥屬囏� 蹖丕 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屬囏й� 賱丕鬲蹖賳 亘賴 丿爻鬲 丌賲丿賴. 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 丿乇 賱賳丿賳貙 讴賴 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 丕賵 賲乇讴夭 鬲噩丕乇鬲 賵 鬲亘丕丿賱 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 亘賵丿貙 賮乇氐鬲 讴丕賮蹖 亘乇丕蹖 卮賳蹖丿賳 乇賵丕蹖鬲鈥屬囏й屰� 丕夭 爻乇丕爻乇 噩賴丕賳 丿丕卮鬲賴. 亘丕蹖丿 亘丿賵賳蹖丿 爻賮乇 賳讴乇丿賳 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 賳賴 鬲賳賴丕 賳賯胤賴 囟毓賮 賳亘賵丿賴貙 亘賱讴賴 賳卮丕賳鈥屫囐嗀� 賯丿乇鬲 鬲禺蹖賱 賵 賲賴丕乇鬲 丕賵賳 丿乇 亘賴乇賴鈥屭屫臂� 丕夭 賲賳丕亘毓 賲賵噩賵丿 賴爻鬲卮. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱貙 賴蹖趩 爻賳丿蹖 賲亘賳蹖 亘乇 爻賮乇 丕賵 亘賴 禺丕乇噩 丕夭 丕賳诏賱爻鬲丕賳 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕乇賴貙 賵 丕蹖賳 丕賮爻丕賳賴 鬲丕 丨丿蹖 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 丿乇爻鬲 亘丕卮賴.
丕賮爻丕賳賴 卮賲丕乇賴 鄯: "卮讴爻倬蹖乇 讴丕鬲賵賱蹖讴 亘賵丿"
丕蹖賳 丕賮爻丕賳賴 丕夭 诏賲丕賳賴鈥屫操嗃屸€屬囏й屰� 丿乇亘丕乇賴 丿蹖賳 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 爻乇趩卮賲賴 賲蹖鈥屭屫辟囏� 亘賴鈥屬堐屭樫� 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 丿賵乇丕賳 倬乇鬲賳卮 賲匕賴亘蹖 丕賳诏賱爻鬲丕賳 丿乇 毓氐乇 丕賱蹖夭丕亘鬲 讴賴 倬乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲蹖爻賲 睾丕賱亘 亘賵丿賴 賵 讴丕鬲賵賱蹖讴鈥屬囏� 鬲丨鬲 賮卮丕乇 賯乇丕乇 丿丕卮鬲賳. 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж操� 讴賴 亘乇禺蹖 卮賵丕賴丿 睾蹖乇賲爻鬲賯蹖賲鈥斮呚� 讴丕鬲賵賱蹖讴 亘賵丿賳 丕丨鬲賲丕賱蹖 倬丿乇卮貙 噩丕賳 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貙 蹖丕 丕卮丕乇賴鈥屬囏й屰� 亘賴 丌蹖蹖賳鈥屬囏й� 讴丕鬲賵賱蹖讴 丿乇 丌孬丕乇蹖 賲孬賱 賴賲賱鬲 (賲孬賱 亘丨孬 丿乇亘丕乇賴 亘乇夭禺)鈥斬й屬� 賮乇囟蹖賴 乇賵 鬲賯賵蹖鬲 讴乇丿賳. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 丨丕賱貙 賴蹖趩 賲丿乇讴 賲丨讴賲蹖 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕乇賴 讴賴 賳卮丕賳 亘丿賴 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 亘賴鈥屫焚堌� 賲禺賮蹖丕賳賴 讴丕鬲賵賱蹖讴 亘賵丿賴 蹖丕 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丌蹖蹖賳 倬丕蹖亘賳丿 賲賵賳丿賴. 丿乇 賵丕賯毓貙 丕賵賳 丿乇 讴賱蹖爻丕蹖 倬乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳 丕夭丿賵丕噩 讴乇丿賴貙 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳卮 乇賵 丕賵賳噩丕 睾爻賱 鬲毓賲蹖丿 丿丕丿賴貙 賵 亘丕 賴賲丕賳 丌蹖蹖賳 丿賮賳 卮丿賴. 賲賲讴賳賴 讴賴 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貙 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 蹖讴 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲賴鈥屬嗁堐屫� 丨乇賮賴鈥屫й屫� 丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕賸 丕夭 丿乇诏蹖乇 卮丿賳 丌卮讴丕乇 丿乇 賲賳丕賯卮丕鬲 賲匕賴亘蹖 倬乇賴蹖夭 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 鬲丕 丕夭 毓賵丕賯亘 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丿乇 丕賲丕賳 亘賲賵賳賴.
丕賮爻丕賳賴 卮賲丕乇賴 酃: "鬲乇丕跇丿蹖鈥屬囏й� 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 噩丿蹖鈥屫� 丕夭 讴賲丿蹖鈥屬囏й� 丕賵 賴爻鬲賳丿"
丕蹖賳 鬲氐賵乇 讴賴 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖鈥屬囏й� 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 ( 賴賲賱鬲貙 賲讴亘孬 蹖丕 噩賵賱蹖賵爻 爻夭丕乇) 丕夭 賳馗乇 賴賳乇蹖 蹖丕 賲囟賲賵賳蹖 毓賲蹖賯鈥屫� 賵 噩丿蹖鈥屫� 丕夭 讴賲丿蹖鈥屬囏ж� ( 乇丐蹖丕蹖 卮亘 賳蹖賲賴鈥屫жㄘ池з� 蹖丕 賴乇 胤賵乇 讴賴 亘禺賵丕賴蹖) 賴爻鬲賳貙 丿蹖丿诏丕賴蹖 乇丕蹖噩 丕賲丕 賯丕亘賱 賳賯丿賴. 讴鬲丕亘 丕爻鬲丿賱丕賱 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 讴賴 丕蹖賳 鬲賲丕蹖夭 亘蹖卮 丕夭 丨丿 爻丕丿賴鈥屫з嗂ж必з嗁� 丕爻. 讴賲丿蹖鈥屬囏й� 卮讴爻倬蹖乇貙 賴乇趩賳丿 亘丕 胤賳夭 賵 倬丕蹖丕賳 禺賵卮 賴賲乇丕賴賳貙 倬乇 丕夭 賱丕蹖賴鈥屬囏й� 倬蹖趩蹖丿賴 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖貙 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 賮賱爻賮蹖 賴爻鬲賳 讴賴 亘賴 賴賲賵賳 丕賳丿丕夭賴 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖鈥屬囏� 鬲兀賲賱鈥屫ㄘ必з嗂屫操�. 亘乇丕蹖 賲孬丕賱貙 丿乇 鬲丕噩乇 賵賳蹖夭蹖貙 賲爻丕卅賱 鬲亘毓蹖囟 賳跇丕丿蹖 賵 毓丿丕賱鬲 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖鈥屫促�. 丕夭 胤乇賮 丿蹖诏賴貙 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖鈥屬囏� 賴賲 诏丕賴蹖 毓賳丕氐乇 胤賳夭 鬲賱禺 蹖丕 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 睾蹖乇賲賳鬲馗乇賴 丿丕乇賳鈥斮呚� 爻禺賳丕賳 胤毓賳賴鈥屫①呟屫� 賳诏賴亘丕賳 鬲賵蹖 賲讴亘孬. 亘賴乇丨丕賱 賲爻禺氐賴 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 丿乇 賴乇 丿賵 跇丕賳乇貙 賲賴丕乇鬲 蹖讴爻丕賳蹖 丿乇 讴丕賵卮 乇賵丕賳 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 噩丕賲毓賴 亘賴 讴丕乇 亘乇丿賴貙 賵 亘乇鬲乇蹖 丿丕丿賳 鬲乇丕跇丿蹖 亘乇 讴賲丿蹖 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賳鬲蹖噩賴 爻賱蹖賯賴 賲禺丕胤亘丕賳 賲丿乇賳 賴爻鬲卮 鬲丕 賳蹖鬲 蹖丕 鬲賵丕賳丕蹖蹖 卮讴爻倬蹖乇. 丕蹖賳 丕賮爻丕賳賴貙 丿乇 賵丕賯毓貙 丿乇讴 賳丕丿乇爻鬲蹖 丕夭 鬲賳賵毓 賵 睾賳丕蹖 丌孬丕乇 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 乇賵 賳卮賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫�.
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