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诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖
讴鬲丕亘 丨丕囟乇 丿丕丿禺賵丕爻鬲蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 毓賳丕氐乇 賲禺丕賱賮 亘丕 乇卮丿 賵 倬乇賵乇卮 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖鬲 乇丕 丿乇 噩賴丕賳 賲丕 亘賴 倬丕蹖 賲丨丕讴賲賴 賲蹖鈥屭┴簇� 賵 丕夭 丌賳噩丕 讴賴 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 卮乇胤 鬲丨賯賯 賲乇丿賲蹖 賵 丕毓鬲賱丕蹖 丌丿賲蹖貙 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲貙 讴賵卮卮 丕氐賱蹖 丌賳 亘乇 倬乇丿賴 亘乇丕賳丿丕禺鬲賳 丕夭 丿卮賲賳丕賳 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲鬲賲乇讴夭 賲蹖鈥屭必�
丕賳诏蹖夭賴鈥屰� 賳诏丕乇卮 讴鬲丕亘 賮卮丕乇蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 囟丿 丌夭丕丿蹖 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 賮乇丿蹖鬲 賵 丕蹖賲丕賳 丕賳爻丕賳 噩賴丕賳 賲丕 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屫①堌辟嗀� 賵 卮賳丕爻丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 丿卮賲賳丕賳 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 亘乇丕賳丿丕禺鬲賳 乇蹖卮賴鈥屰� 丌賳鈥屬囏�. 賴賲賴 噩丕 爻禺賳 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲 賵 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 鬲氐賵乇 丿賱鈥屫堌促嗀� 讴賴 亘丕 亘乇丕賮鬲丕丿賳 爻賱胤賴鈥屰� 賯賵丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丿乇 賯乇賳鈥屬囏й� 倬蹖卮蹖賳 亘乇 丨乇蹖鬲 賵 丕爻鬲賯賱丕賱 丌丿賲蹖 亘賴 丿蹖丿賴鈥屰� 丕賳讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屬嗂臂屫池嗀� 夭賳噩蹖乇賴丕 诏爻爻鬲賴 賵 爻丿賴丕 卮讴爻鬲賴 蹖丕賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲貨 丕賲丕 賲卮丕賴丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫①呝堌藏� 讴賴 丕诏乇 賲乇丕丿 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 賳蹖讴亘禺鬲蹖 賲乇丿賲 亘賵丿賴貙 丕讴孬乇蹖鬲 賵爻蹖毓 噩賴丕賳蹖丕賳 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲毓丕賲賱賴 賳丕讴丕賲 賲丕賳丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 丕诏乇 賳蹖賱 亘賴 爻毓丕丿鬲 亘丿賵賳 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲賲讴賳 賳蹖爻鬲貙 趩乇丕 賮乇賵睾 丕夭 丕蹖賳 诏賵賴乇 亘乇禺丕爻鬲賴 賵 趩诏賵賳賴 丕賳爻丕賳 丌夭丕丿毓賲賱 賲丕 賴賳賵夭 丿乇 趩賳诏丕賱 蹖兀爻 鬲賱丕卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 倬蹖丿丕爻鬲 讴賴 禺賱賱 丿乇 丕爻丕爻 讴丕乇 丕爻鬲 賵 丿乇 賲亘丕乇夭丕鬲蹖 讴賴 讴乇丿賴鈥屫й屬� 亘賴 亘蹖乇丕賴賴 丕賮鬲丕丿賴鈥屫й屬�.
睾乇囟 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賲賮賴賵賲 賲丕亘毓丿丕賱胤亘蹖毓蹖 丕蹖賳 賱賮馗 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 賯氐丿 賳丿丕乇丿 丿乇 亘丕亘 噩亘乇 賵 鬲賮賵蹖囟 賳讴鬲賴鈥屫й� 鬲丕夭賴 亘蹖丕賲賵夭丿貙 賲卮讴賱 丕蹖賳 賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 鬲氐賲蹖賲丕鬲蹖 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屭屫臂屬� 鬲丕 趩賴 丕賳丿丕夭賴 亘賴 诏賮鬲賴鈥屰� 丨讴賲丕 賲禺鬲丕乇 賵 鬲丕 趩賴 丨丿 賲噩亘賵乇 亘賵丿賴鈥屫й屬� 賵 爻毓丕丿鬲 賵 卮賯丕賵鬲 乇丕 丕夭 丕夭賱 賲賯丿乇 卮丿賴 蹖丕 賳鬲蹖噩賴鈥屰� 丕毓賲丕賱 禺賵丿 賲丕爻鬲. 賮乇囟 亘乇 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲賵噩賵丿蹖 亘丕 胤亘蹖毓鬲 讴賱蹖 丌丿賲蹖 亘賴 噩賴丕賳 丌賲丿賴 賵 丿乇 毓乇氐賴 丌賳 丿乇 鬲賳丕夭毓 亘賯丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 鬲賱丕卮 賲賵噩丿 毓丕丿丕鬲 賵 禺氐丕卅氐 賵 賲丐爻爻丕鬲蹖 卮丿賴 讴賴 倬丕蹖賴鈥屰� 丌賳鈥屬囏� 亘乇 睾乇丕卅夭 丕氐賱蹖 賵 鬲毓亘蹖乇 丌丿賲蹖 丕夭 禺賵丕爻鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 丕賵爻鬲. 賳讴鬲賴 丕蹖賳噩丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘亘蹖賳蹖賲 賲賮賴賵賲 丌夭丕丿蹖 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 亘夭乇诏鈥屫臂屬� 睾丕蹖丕鬲 夭賳丿诏蹖 丿乇 賳馗乇 丌丿賲蹖 趩賴 亘賵丿賴 賵 趩诏賵賳賴 丕蹖賳 鬲毓亘蹖乇 亘賴 亘丨乇丕賳 丿賳蹖丕蹖 倬乇禺乇賵卮 丕賲乇賵夭 賲賳鬲賴蹖 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲.
賮乇賵賲 亘乇 丕蹖賳 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕乇夭蹖丕亘蹖 亘丨乇丕賳 讴賳賵賳蹖 賵 趩丕乇賴鈥屰屫жㄛ� 亘乇 賲毓丕卮乇丕鬲蹖 讴賴 鬲賲丿賳 丕賲乇賵夭 亘丕 丌賳鈥屬囏� 乇賵亘賴鈥屫辟堌池� 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 亘賴 賮賴賲 賲毓賳丕蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖 丿乇 賳馗乇 丌丿賲蹖 賵 賮賴賲 賲毓賳丕蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖 鬲丕亘毓 丿乇讴 禺賵蹖 亘丕 賲賳卮 丕賳爻丕賳 丕蹖賳 毓氐乇 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 賮乇囟 禺賵丿 丌卮讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘乇 乇賵丕賳 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 賴乇 丿賵 賳馗乇 丿丕乇丿 賵 賲毓鬲賯丿 丕爻鬲 讴賴 鬲丨賱蹖賱 丌夭丕丿蹖 噩夭 丕夭 乇丕賴 亘乇乇爻蹖 鬲兀孬蹖乇 賲鬲賯丕亘賱 毓賵丕賲賱 乇賵丕賳蹖 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 亘乇 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 賲蹖爻乇 賳蹖爻鬲. 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 乇丕 丕夭 丕賮乇丕丿 賲乇讴亘 賲蹖鈥屫з嗀� 賵 賮賴賲 賯賵丕蹖 賲丨乇讴賴 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 乇丕 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 亘賴 賮賴賲 賯賵丕蹖 賲丨乇讴賴鈥屰� 乇賵丕賳鈥屫促嗀ж驰� 賮乇丿蹖 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀�. 丕夭 丕蹖賳噩丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘丕 丌賳讴賴 賮蹖鈥屫з勝呚� 亘賴 亘丨孬 丿乇 丕氐賵賱 鬲毓賱蹖賲丕鬲 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 賲爻蹖丨蹖鬲 賵 賲噩丕丿賱丕鬲卮丕賳 丿乇 亘丕亘 丕乇丕丿賴鈥屰� 丌丿賲蹖 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж藏� 賴丿賮卮 丕賱賴蹖丕鬲 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 亘丕 丕卮丕乇賴 亘賴 丕賴賲蹖鬲 賵 乇賵丕賳蹖 丕蹖賳 賲亘丕丨孬 賳卮丕賳 丿賴丿 讴賴 鬲氐賵乇 丕賳爻丕賳 丕夭 噩亘乇 蹖丕 丕禺鬲蹖丕乇 趩賴 丌孬丕乇蹖 丕夭 賱丨丕馗 賮賴賲 賵蹖 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 亘賴 亘丕乇 丌賵乇丿賴 賵 趩诏賵賳賴 亘賴 丕蹖噩丕丿 蹖丕 亘乇丕賮鬲丕丿賳 丌夭丕丿蹖 丿乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 賲賳噩乇 诏卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 鬲讴蹖賴 賵蹖 亘乇 噩賳亘賴鈥屰� 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲貨 賵賱蹖 亘乇 丕蹖賳 賳讴鬲賴 鬲兀讴蹖丿 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 賲卮讴賱 乇賵丕賳蹖 丕夭 丕爻丕爻 賲丕丿蹖 賴爻鬲蹖 亘卮乇蹖 蹖毓賳蹖 丕夭 爻丕禺鬲賲丕賳 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻蹖 噩丕賲毓賴 賯丕亘賱 鬲賮讴蹖讴 賳蹖爻鬲
丕賳诏蹖夭賴鈥屰� 賳诏丕乇卮 讴鬲丕亘 賮卮丕乇蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 囟丿 丌夭丕丿蹖 亘乇 丕爻丕爻 賮乇丿蹖鬲 賵 丕蹖賲丕賳 丕賳爻丕賳 噩賴丕賳 賲丕 賵丕乇丿 賲蹖鈥屫①堌辟嗀� 賵 卮賳丕爻丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 丿卮賲賳丕賳 亘賴 禺丕胤乇 亘乇丕賳丿丕禺鬲賳 乇蹖卮賴鈥屰� 丌賳鈥屬囏�. 賴賲賴 噩丕 爻禺賳 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲 賵 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 鬲氐賵乇 丿賱鈥屫堌促嗀� 讴賴 亘丕 亘乇丕賮鬲丕丿賳 爻賱胤賴鈥屰� 賯賵丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丿乇 賯乇賳鈥屬囏й� 倬蹖卮蹖賳 亘乇 丨乇蹖鬲 賵 丕爻鬲賯賱丕賱 丌丿賲蹖 亘賴 丿蹖丿賴鈥屰� 丕賳讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屬嗂臂屫池嗀� 夭賳噩蹖乇賴丕 诏爻爻鬲賴 賵 爻丿賴丕 卮讴爻鬲賴 蹖丕賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲貨 丕賲丕 賲卮丕賴丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫①呝堌藏� 讴賴 丕诏乇 賲乇丕丿 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 賳蹖讴亘禺鬲蹖 賲乇丿賲 亘賵丿賴貙 丕讴孬乇蹖鬲 賵爻蹖毓 噩賴丕賳蹖丕賳 丿乇 丕蹖賳 賲毓丕賲賱賴 賳丕讴丕賲 賲丕賳丿賴鈥屫з嗀�. 丕诏乇 賳蹖賱 亘賴 爻毓丕丿鬲 亘丿賵賳 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲賲讴賳 賳蹖爻鬲貙 趩乇丕 賮乇賵睾 丕夭 丕蹖賳 诏賵賴乇 亘乇禺丕爻鬲賴 賵 趩诏賵賳賴 丕賳爻丕賳 丌夭丕丿毓賲賱 賲丕 賴賳賵夭 丿乇 趩賳诏丕賱 蹖兀爻 鬲賱丕卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 倬蹖丿丕爻鬲 讴賴 禺賱賱 丿乇 丕爻丕爻 讴丕乇 丕爻鬲 賵 丿乇 賲亘丕乇夭丕鬲蹖 讴賴 讴乇丿賴鈥屫й屬� 亘賴 亘蹖乇丕賴賴 丕賮鬲丕丿賴鈥屫й屬�.
睾乇囟 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賲賮賴賵賲 賲丕亘毓丿丕賱胤亘蹖毓蹖 丕蹖賳 賱賮馗 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 賯氐丿 賳丿丕乇丿 丿乇 亘丕亘 噩亘乇 賵 鬲賮賵蹖囟 賳讴鬲賴鈥屫й� 鬲丕夭賴 亘蹖丕賲賵夭丿貙 賲卮讴賱 丕蹖賳 賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 鬲氐賲蹖賲丕鬲蹖 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屭屫臂屬� 鬲丕 趩賴 丕賳丿丕夭賴 亘賴 诏賮鬲賴鈥屰� 丨讴賲丕 賲禺鬲丕乇 賵 鬲丕 趩賴 丨丿 賲噩亘賵乇 亘賵丿賴鈥屫й屬� 賵 爻毓丕丿鬲 賵 卮賯丕賵鬲 乇丕 丕夭 丕夭賱 賲賯丿乇 卮丿賴 蹖丕 賳鬲蹖噩賴鈥屰� 丕毓賲丕賱 禺賵丿 賲丕爻鬲. 賮乇囟 亘乇 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲賵噩賵丿蹖 亘丕 胤亘蹖毓鬲 讴賱蹖 丌丿賲蹖 亘賴 噩賴丕賳 丌賲丿賴 賵 丿乇 毓乇氐賴 丌賳 丿乇 鬲賳丕夭毓 亘賯丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 鬲賱丕卮 賲賵噩丿 毓丕丿丕鬲 賵 禺氐丕卅氐 賵 賲丐爻爻丕鬲蹖 卮丿賴 讴賴 倬丕蹖賴鈥屰� 丌賳鈥屬囏� 亘乇 睾乇丕卅夭 丕氐賱蹖 賵 鬲毓亘蹖乇 丌丿賲蹖 丕夭 禺賵丕爻鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 丕賵爻鬲. 賳讴鬲賴 丕蹖賳噩丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘亘蹖賳蹖賲 賲賮賴賵賲 丌夭丕丿蹖 亘賴鈥屫官嗁堌з� 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 亘夭乇诏鈥屫臂屬� 睾丕蹖丕鬲 夭賳丿诏蹖 丿乇 賳馗乇 丌丿賲蹖 趩賴 亘賵丿賴 賵 趩诏賵賳賴 丕蹖賳 鬲毓亘蹖乇 亘賴 亘丨乇丕賳 丿賳蹖丕蹖 倬乇禺乇賵卮 丕賲乇賵夭 賲賳鬲賴蹖 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲.
賮乇賵賲 亘乇 丕蹖賳 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕乇夭蹖丕亘蹖 亘丨乇丕賳 讴賳賵賳蹖 賵 趩丕乇賴鈥屰屫жㄛ� 亘乇 賲毓丕卮乇丕鬲蹖 讴賴 鬲賲丿賳 丕賲乇賵夭 亘丕 丌賳鈥屬囏� 乇賵亘賴鈥屫辟堌池� 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 亘賴 賮賴賲 賲毓賳丕蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖 丿乇 賳馗乇 丌丿賲蹖 賵 賮賴賲 賲毓賳丕蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖 鬲丕亘毓 丿乇讴 禺賵蹖 亘丕 賲賳卮 丕賳爻丕賳 丕蹖賳 毓氐乇 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 賮乇囟 禺賵丿 丌卮讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 亘乇 乇賵丕賳 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 賴乇 丿賵 賳馗乇 丿丕乇丿 賵 賲毓鬲賯丿 丕爻鬲 讴賴 鬲丨賱蹖賱 丌夭丕丿蹖 噩夭 丕夭 乇丕賴 亘乇乇爻蹖 鬲兀孬蹖乇 賲鬲賯丕亘賱 毓賵丕賲賱 乇賵丕賳蹖 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 亘乇 蹖讴丿蹖诏乇 賲蹖爻乇 賳蹖爻鬲. 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 乇丕 丕夭 丕賮乇丕丿 賲乇讴亘 賲蹖鈥屫з嗀� 賵 賮賴賲 賯賵丕蹖 賲丨乇讴賴 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 乇丕 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 亘賴 賮賴賲 賯賵丕蹖 賲丨乇讴賴鈥屰� 乇賵丕賳鈥屫促嗀ж驰� 賮乇丿蹖 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀�. 丕夭 丕蹖賳噩丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘丕 丌賳讴賴 賮蹖鈥屫з勝呚� 亘賴 亘丨孬 丿乇 丕氐賵賱 鬲毓賱蹖賲丕鬲 卮丕禺賴鈥屬囏й� 賲禺鬲賱賮 賲爻蹖丨蹖鬲 賵 賲噩丕丿賱丕鬲卮丕賳 丿乇 亘丕亘 丕乇丕丿賴鈥屰� 丌丿賲蹖 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж藏� 賴丿賮卮 丕賱賴蹖丕鬲 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賱讴賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 亘丕 丕卮丕乇賴 亘賴 丕賴賲蹖鬲 賵 乇賵丕賳蹖 丕蹖賳 賲亘丕丨孬 賳卮丕賳 丿賴丿 讴賴 鬲氐賵乇 丕賳爻丕賳 丕夭 噩亘乇 蹖丕 丕禺鬲蹖丕乇 趩賴 丌孬丕乇蹖 丕夭 賱丨丕馗 賮賴賲 賵蹖 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 亘賴 亘丕乇 丌賵乇丿賴 賵 趩诏賵賳賴 亘賴 丕蹖噩丕丿 蹖丕 亘乇丕賮鬲丕丿賳 丌夭丕丿蹖 丿乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 賲賳噩乇 诏卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 鬲讴蹖賴 賵蹖 亘乇 噩賳亘賴鈥屰� 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲貨 賵賱蹖 亘乇 丕蹖賳 賳讴鬲賴 鬲兀讴蹖丿 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 賲卮讴賱 乇賵丕賳蹖 丕夭 丕爻丕爻 賲丕丿蹖 賴爻鬲蹖 亘卮乇蹖 蹖毓賳蹖 丕夭 爻丕禺鬲賲丕賳 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 賵 爻蹖丕爻蹖 噩丕賲毓賴 賯丕亘賱 鬲賮讴蹖讴 賳蹖爻鬲
306 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1941
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About the author
Erich Fromm
505听books5,090听followersErich Fromm, Ph.D. (Sociology, University of Heidelberg, 1922) was a German-American social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist. He was a German Jew who fled the Nazi regime and settled in the United States. He was one of the founders of The William Alanson White Institute of Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis and Psychology in New York City and was associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory.
Fromm explored the interaction between psychology and society, and held various professorships in psychology in the U.S. and Mexico in the mid-20th century.
Fromm's theory is a rather unique blend of Freud and Marx. Freud, of course, emphasized the unconscious, biological drives, repression, and so on. In other words, Freud postulated that our characters were determined by biology. Marx, on the other hand, saw people as determined by their society, and most especially by their economic systems.
Fromm explored the interaction between psychology and society, and held various professorships in psychology in the U.S. and Mexico in the mid-20th century.
Fromm's theory is a rather unique blend of Freud and Marx. Freud, of course, emphasized the unconscious, biological drives, repression, and so on. In other words, Freud postulated that our characters were determined by biology. Marx, on the other hand, saw people as determined by their society, and most especially by their economic systems.
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October 16, 2021
鈥璂ie Furcht vor der Freiheit = The Fear of Freedom, Erich Fromm
First published in the United States in 1941.
In the book, Fromm explores humanity's shifting relationship with freedom, with particular regard to the personal consequences of its absence. His special emphasis is the psychosocial conditions that facilitated the rise of Nazism.
鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 賲丕賴 賲蹖 爻丕賱 1972賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 丕乇蹖卮 賮乇賵賲貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 毓夭鬲 丕賱賱賴 賮賵賱丕丿賵賳丿貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 丕賲蹖乇讴亘蹖乇貙 賮乇丕賳讴賱蹖賳貙 1348貙 丿乇294氐貨 趩丕倬 丿賵賲 1351貨 丿乇294氐貨 趩丕倬 趩賴丕乇賲 1356貨 趩丕倬 倬賳噩賲 1366貨 趩丕倬 卮卮賲 1370貨 賴賮鬲賲 1375貨 趩丕倬 亘毓丿蹖貙 1381貨 丿乇230氐貨 卮丕亘讴9643030490貨 趩丕倬 丿蹖诏乇 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 賲乇賵丕乇蹖丿貙 趩丕倬 賴卮鬲賲 1379貨 丿乇306氐貨 卮丕亘讴9646026842貨 趩丕倬 賳賴賲 1381貨 蹖丕夭丿賴賲 1385貨 爻蹖夭丿賴賲 1388貨 卮丕亘讴9789646026858貨 趩丕倬 丿蹖诏乇 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 讴丕賳賵賳 賮乇賴賳诏蹖 丌賲賵夭卮貙 1394貙 丿乇258氐貨 卮丕亘讴9786001216749貨 賲賵囟賵毓 丌夭丕丿蹖貙 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖貙 鬲賵鬲丕賱蹖鬲丕乇蹖爻賲貙 乇賵丕賳卮賳丕爻蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 丕夭 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 丌賱賲丕賳 - 爻丿賴 20賲
毓賳賵丕賳: 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 丕乇蹖卮 賮乇賵賲貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 丕賲蹖乇 丕爻賲丕毓蹖賱蹖貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 鬲賵爻賳貙 1362貨 丿乇109氐貨
賮賴乇爻鬲 讴鬲丕亘: 賮氐賱 丕賵賱: 丌蹖丕 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲爻卅賱賴鈥� 丕蹖 乇賵丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲責貨 賮氐賱 丿賵賲: 倬蹖丿丕蹖卮 賮乇丿 賵 丕亘賴丕賲 賲賮賴賵賲 丌夭丕丿蹖貨 賮氐賱 爻賵賲: 丌夭丕丿蹖 丿乇 丿賵乇丕賳 乇賮賵乇賲貨 賮氐賱 趩賴丕乇賲: 丕賳爻丕賳 賳賵蹖賳 賵 丿賵乇丕賴蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖貨 賮氐賱 倬賳噩賲: 賲讴丕賳蹖爻賲鈥屬囏й� 诏乇蹖夭貨 賮氐賱 卮卮賲: 乇賵丕賳卮賳丕爻蹖 賳丕夭蹖爻賲貨 賮氐賱 賴賮鬲賲: 丌夭丕丿蹖 賵 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖貨 囟賲蹖賲賴 禺賵蹖 賵 爻蹖乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓
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鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 09/09/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 23/07/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
First published in the United States in 1941.
In the book, Fromm explores humanity's shifting relationship with freedom, with particular regard to the personal consequences of its absence. His special emphasis is the psychosocial conditions that facilitated the rise of Nazism.
鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 賲丕賴 賲蹖 爻丕賱 1972賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
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毓賳賵丕賳: 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 丕乇蹖卮 賮乇賵賲貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 丕賲蹖乇 丕爻賲丕毓蹖賱蹖貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 鬲賵爻賳貙 1362貨 丿乇109氐貨
賮賴乇爻鬲 讴鬲丕亘: 賮氐賱 丕賵賱: 丌蹖丕 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲爻卅賱賴鈥� 丕蹖 乇賵丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲責貨 賮氐賱 丿賵賲: 倬蹖丿丕蹖卮 賮乇丿 賵 丕亘賴丕賲 賲賮賴賵賲 丌夭丕丿蹖貨 賮氐賱 爻賵賲: 丌夭丕丿蹖 丿乇 丿賵乇丕賳 乇賮賵乇賲貨 賮氐賱 趩賴丕乇賲: 丕賳爻丕賳 賳賵蹖賳 賵 丿賵乇丕賴蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖貨 賮氐賱 倬賳噩賲: 賲讴丕賳蹖爻賲鈥屬囏й� 诏乇蹖夭貨 賮氐賱 卮卮賲: 乇賵丕賳卮賳丕爻蹖 賳丕夭蹖爻賲貨 賮氐賱 賴賮鬲賲: 丌夭丕丿蹖 賵 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖貨 囟賲蹖賲賴 禺賵蹖 賵 爻蹖乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓
亘乇诏乇丿丕賳 賮丕乇爻蹖 毓賳賵丕賳 丕氐賱蹖 讴鬲丕亘 芦鬲乇爻 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖禄 丕爻鬲貨 倬乇賵賮爻賵乇 芦丕乇蹖讴 (丕乇蹖卮) 賮乇賵賲禄貙 丕爻鬲丕丿 亘夭乇诏 乇賵丕賳卮賳丕爻蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖貙 亘賴 亘乇乇爻蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲蹖倬乇丿丕夭賳丿貨 賳禺爻鬲 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 鬲毓乇蹖賮 賲蹖讴賳賳丿貙 賵 鬲賮丕賵鬲 丌賳乇丕 亘丕 丌賳趩賴 讴賴 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴貙 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲蹖禺賵丕賳賳丿貙 亘蹖丕賳 賲蹖丿丕乇賳丿貨 芦賮乇賵賲禄貙 爻倬爻 賳馗乇蹖賴 蹖 禺賵蹖卮 乇丕貙 丕乇丕卅賴 賲蹖丿賴賳丿 賵 賲蹖诏賵蹖賳丿: 芦丕賳爻丕賳貙 賳丕禺賵丿丌诏丕賴貙 賴賲丕乇賴 丿乇 丨丕賱 诏乇蹖夭貙 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 禺賵蹖卮鬲賳 丕爻鬲貙 丕賵 鬲賱丕卮 賲蹖讴賳丿貙 鬲丕 賳丕丿丕賳爻鬲賴貙 丌夭丕丿蹖 禺賵丿 乇丕 賲丨丿賵丿 讴賳丿禄貨 芦賮乇賵賲禄 爻倬爻 賲讴丕賳蹖夭賲賴丕蹖 诏乇蹖夭 丕賳爻丕賳 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 亘蹖丕賳貙 賵 亘賴 卮乇丨 丌賳賴丕 賲蹖倬乇丿丕夭賳丿貨 賵 ...貨
鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 09/09/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 23/07/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
March 30, 2013
Existentialism has always fascinated me as the condemnation to freedom of mankind is such hard felt in society I'm living in.
This book is quite an easy read when compared to Sartre's, Beauvoir's or Nietszche's.
The willingness of choice, human act, and thinking has been deem sinful since the dawn of civilisation- Adam and Eva being ousted from Eden in the name of infringement of Gods will - to make the choice of having knowledge and ability to think.
The powerlessness and insecurity of our generation is so overwhelming that we turn to common believes and try so hard to fit into the norms that we barely know who we are, why we live and how to live. As the fall of the churchs gives rise to a new authority which exerts nfluences on our wants and acts in a way we hardly aware. Education means to produce cogs for the great machine of capitalism, with the least emphasis of inviduality and thinking.
We think we have freedom but which is so supercially confined to the limited choices we make in our daily lifes, which movie to watch, which job to take. The cheap and shallow excitement comes at the expense of the flattened and insensitive thinking of any individual. We become numb to rules, we take discomforts as a must to the means of survival, and worst of all- that we are so dependent on the given values ( capabitily, money, status) to form our identities.
Powerlessness and insecurity are contagious that we rely so much on the groups we involve ourselves in. Being with parties of equal grounding makes us feel more real and safer at the expense of the chance of one being himself. But these mere social bondings only feed him with temporary and supeficial redemption that he will always feel alone with the minimal chance of being recognised of who he really is. The aloneness will never cease until the one chooses to live a life according to his genuine will.
So pathetic is our generation that we dont think- we take in the dose without knowing whats wrapped inside the sweet-coloured coating. Human- I see as living animal which sustains the growth of intelligence of a mankind that is disruptive and distructive to our humane sense, like technology is isolating people from each other, fabricated machines exile people to wonderland, market creates our needs - the essence of mankind - what makes us human is dwindling and withering.
We spend all our lives to get 'what we want', but without knowing who we are, how dare we are to uphold such a notable notions.
Looking at the way we judge and value things, rationality is now defined as - the insanity seen in the past or hopefully non sense to be judged by the future, if by any chance people will think again.
We crave because we see ourselves lacking.
That is a sickness, anyone sees?
This book is quite an easy read when compared to Sartre's, Beauvoir's or Nietszche's.
The willingness of choice, human act, and thinking has been deem sinful since the dawn of civilisation- Adam and Eva being ousted from Eden in the name of infringement of Gods will - to make the choice of having knowledge and ability to think.
The powerlessness and insecurity of our generation is so overwhelming that we turn to common believes and try so hard to fit into the norms that we barely know who we are, why we live and how to live. As the fall of the churchs gives rise to a new authority which exerts nfluences on our wants and acts in a way we hardly aware. Education means to produce cogs for the great machine of capitalism, with the least emphasis of inviduality and thinking.
We think we have freedom but which is so supercially confined to the limited choices we make in our daily lifes, which movie to watch, which job to take. The cheap and shallow excitement comes at the expense of the flattened and insensitive thinking of any individual. We become numb to rules, we take discomforts as a must to the means of survival, and worst of all- that we are so dependent on the given values ( capabitily, money, status) to form our identities.
Powerlessness and insecurity are contagious that we rely so much on the groups we involve ourselves in. Being with parties of equal grounding makes us feel more real and safer at the expense of the chance of one being himself. But these mere social bondings only feed him with temporary and supeficial redemption that he will always feel alone with the minimal chance of being recognised of who he really is. The aloneness will never cease until the one chooses to live a life according to his genuine will.
So pathetic is our generation that we dont think- we take in the dose without knowing whats wrapped inside the sweet-coloured coating. Human- I see as living animal which sustains the growth of intelligence of a mankind that is disruptive and distructive to our humane sense, like technology is isolating people from each other, fabricated machines exile people to wonderland, market creates our needs - the essence of mankind - what makes us human is dwindling and withering.
We spend all our lives to get 'what we want', but without knowing who we are, how dare we are to uphold such a notable notions.
Looking at the way we judge and value things, rationality is now defined as - the insanity seen in the past or hopefully non sense to be judged by the future, if by any chance people will think again.
We crave because we see ourselves lacking.
That is a sickness, anyone sees?
May 15, 2025
Freedom is Dread. So says Kierkegaard, for the day Adam and Eve ate the Apple their predictable world collapsed. For Freedom, too, in the Nietzschean sense, quickly becomes the Transvaluation of Values.
Suddenly the mold of our individuality breaks open. We are no longer the safe selves we knew.
The great mystics tell us this new brokenness is the road to peace, and I believe it. Suddenly awakening, if we simply face our dread courageously we鈥檒l find serenity. Fortitude is key. And Bill W. agreed.
After all, do we really need security? Alan Watts thinks not, in his book about insecurity鈥檚 innate wisdom. If we are thinking outside of our box, something which Eckhart Tolle also tells us we must do. All neighbours, and society in general, though, seeks the security of consensus through a free exchange of ideas.
That鈥檚 where Fromm is going here. Consensus abhors anarchy, and must, if it is to survive. But such an attitude can easily lead it to fascism. Why? Because consensus may not mean security to some - even to many, in an era of radical difference. And a polarized era like ours can spell insecurity to many, and may thus cause violence.
So, I am in agreement with Fromm with regard to politics, but not to religion, for as I鈥檝e said above, here we are FORCED - due to our Fall - to be free. So we must accept the terror of freedom, for it is the only intellectual milieu where true charity happens. We can鈥檛 go back to sleep.
I once chose to fall asleep, and constantly risked calamity thereby, in my own world - by believing in a wrathful God. A wrathful God was my method - get this, I was only using God for proxy punishment - whereby I cleaned up my erring times. Wow. Only sleep could have produced such a monstrous nightmare.
Imagine. A little guy like me using God as my personal protector.
When I saw that, I knew I'd better wake up! For my own safety.
And that, really, is where Fromm is coming from. Fascism, Socialism or Solipsism is INVISIBLE to those who sleep. We don't really know ourselves.
So, whether in the sleep of the Old Covenant that comes to life in brutal times -
Or in the New Covenant sleepily seen as a land of hearts and flowers -
We must wake up, out of our frozen dread, to charitable love fast.
Or risk a common grave.
Suddenly the mold of our individuality breaks open. We are no longer the safe selves we knew.
The great mystics tell us this new brokenness is the road to peace, and I believe it. Suddenly awakening, if we simply face our dread courageously we鈥檒l find serenity. Fortitude is key. And Bill W. agreed.
After all, do we really need security? Alan Watts thinks not, in his book about insecurity鈥檚 innate wisdom. If we are thinking outside of our box, something which Eckhart Tolle also tells us we must do. All neighbours, and society in general, though, seeks the security of consensus through a free exchange of ideas.
That鈥檚 where Fromm is going here. Consensus abhors anarchy, and must, if it is to survive. But such an attitude can easily lead it to fascism. Why? Because consensus may not mean security to some - even to many, in an era of radical difference. And a polarized era like ours can spell insecurity to many, and may thus cause violence.
So, I am in agreement with Fromm with regard to politics, but not to religion, for as I鈥檝e said above, here we are FORCED - due to our Fall - to be free. So we must accept the terror of freedom, for it is the only intellectual milieu where true charity happens. We can鈥檛 go back to sleep.
I once chose to fall asleep, and constantly risked calamity thereby, in my own world - by believing in a wrathful God. A wrathful God was my method - get this, I was only using God for proxy punishment - whereby I cleaned up my erring times. Wow. Only sleep could have produced such a monstrous nightmare.
Imagine. A little guy like me using God as my personal protector.
When I saw that, I knew I'd better wake up! For my own safety.
And that, really, is where Fromm is coming from. Fascism, Socialism or Solipsism is INVISIBLE to those who sleep. We don't really know ourselves.
So, whether in the sleep of the Old Covenant that comes to life in brutal times -
Or in the New Covenant sleepily seen as a land of hearts and flowers -
We must wake up, out of our frozen dread, to charitable love fast.
Or risk a common grave.
June 28, 2019
丕乇蹖讴 賮乇賵賲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 鬲賵囟蹖丨 丿丕丿賴 丕爻鬲 讴賴 趩诏賵賳賴 丕賳爻丕賳賽 丌夭丕丿 卮丿賴 丕夭 賯蹖丿 賯丿乇鬲鈥屬囏й� 爻乇讴賵亘诏乇 亘蹖乇賵賳蹖貙 丌賳诏丕賴 讴賴 丿乇 賲賵丕噩賴賴 亘丕 噩賴丕賳 丿趩丕乇 丨爻 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 賵 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 亘丕乇 丿蹖诏乇 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖賽 亘丿爻鬲鈥屫①呚団€屰� 禺賵蹖卮 賲蹖鈥屭臂屫藏� 賵 亘丕 蹖讴蹖鈥屫簇� 賵 賴賲乇賳诏蹖 亘丕 噩丕賲毓賴貙 丨鬲蹖 亘賴 亘賴丕蹖 丕夭 丿爻鬲 乇賮鬲賳 賮乇丿蹖鬲 賵 丌夭丕丿蹖 禺賵丿貙 賲蹖鈥屭┵堌簇� 鬲丕 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 賵 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 禺賵蹖卮 乇丕 丿乇賲丕賳 讴賳丿. 賴乇趩賳丿 讴賴 丕蹖賳 乇丕賴讴丕乇貙 毓賱蹖鈥屫必嘿� 丕蹖賳鈥屭┵� 亘賴 丕夭 丿爻鬲 乇賮鬲賳 丌夭丕丿蹖 賵 賮乇丿蹖鬲 賲賳噩乇 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 丕夭 丿乇賲丕賳 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 賵 丕賳夭賵丕蹖 卮禺氐 賳丕鬲賵丕賳 丕爻鬲. 亘賴 毓亘丕乇鬲 丿蹖诏乇貙 丕賳爻丕賳 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 禺賵蹖卮 賲蹖鈥屭臂屫藏� 鬲丕 亘丕乇 賲爻卅賵賱蹖鬲 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 賲鬲丨賲賱 賳卮賵丿. 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖貙 賲丕賳毓 丕夭 乇卮丿 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 賵蹖 賲蹖鈥屭必� 賵 賮乇丿 乇丕 诏乇賮鬲丕乇 賴乇丕爻 賲囟丕毓賮 賲蹖鈥屫池ж藏�. 賮乇丿 亘噩丕蹖 鬲賮讴乇 丕氐蹖賱貙 丕夭 賮乇丕賲蹖賳 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 鬲亘毓蹖鬲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 丿乇 趩賳蹖賳 丨丕賱鬲蹖 鬲賲丕賲 乇賮鬲丕乇賴丕蹖 賮乇丿 賳丕卮蹖 丕夭 丕賱賯丕蹖 噩丕賲毓賴 丕爻鬲貙 亘丿賵賳 丌賳讴賴 卮毓賵乇蹖 丿乇 丕蹖賳 乇賮鬲丕乇 賵噩賵丿 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿. 趩賳蹖賳 賮乇丿蹖 丕夭丿賵丕噩 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賮賯胤 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 讴賴 賴賲賴鈥屰� 丕賮乇丕丿 賴賲鈥屫迟� 丕賵 賳蹖夭 丕夭丿賵丕噩 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀�. 鬲丨氐蹖賱丕鬲 賵 卮睾賱 睾蹖乇 丿賱禺賵丕賴 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕丿丕賲賴 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 鬲賳賴丕 亘賴 丕蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 讴賴 賲胤丕亘賯 賲毓蹖丕乇賴丕蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 毓賲賱 讴乇丿賴 亘丕卮丿 賵 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 賮卮丕乇賴丕蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 亘乇賴丕賳丿. 賳鬲蹖噩賴鈥屰� 丕蹖賳 乇賮鬲丕乇 賲丕卮蹖賳蹖 丕賱亘鬲賴 丿趩丕乇 卮丿賳 亘賴 丨爻 亘蹖賯乇丕乇蹖 賵 丕賳夭賵丕爻鬲. 賮乇丿賽 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 诏乇蹖禺鬲賴貙 亘蹖卮 丕夭 倬蹖卮 亘丕 禺賵丿 亘蹖诏丕賳賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 賯丿乇鬲 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 乇丕 丕夭 丿爻鬲 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 賵 丿乇 賴乇 丕賲乇蹖貙 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 丕爻鬲 讴賴 亘噩丕蹖 賵蹖 丿爻鬲 亘賴 鬲氐賲蹖賲鈥屭屫臂� 賵 丕賳鬲禺丕亘 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀�. 趩賳蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖 亘蹖鈥屫①嗂┵� 丕夭 趩乇丕蹖蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 禺賵丿 丕胤賱丕毓蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿貙 鬲賳賴丕 夭賳丿诏蹖 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 乇丕 鬲賯賱蹖丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 賵 賴賲賵丕乇賴 丿趩丕乇 丕囟胤乇丕亘 賵 亘蹖賯乇丕乇蹖 賵 鬲卮賵蹖卮 禺賵丕賴丿 賲丕賳丿.
賮乇賵賲 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 亘噩丕蹖 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 亘賴 丿丕賲丕賳 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 賵 賳賴丕丿賴丕蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 讴賴 賮乇丿蹖鬲 賵 丕氐丕賱鬲 賮乇丿 乇丕 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ必� 亘丕蹖丿 亘丕 讴丕乇 禺賵丿丕賳诏蹖禺鬲賴 賵 毓卮賯貙 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 亘丕 丌睾賵卮 亘丕夭 倬匕蹖乇丕 卮丿 賵 丕蹖賳 倬匕蹖乇卮蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賮乇丿 乇丕 亘賴 讴賲丕賱 乇爻丕賳丿賴 賵 亘賴 乇卮丿 賮乇丿蹖鬲 丕賵 賲賳噩乇 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 氐賵乇鬲貙 賮乇丿蹖 讴賴 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 倬匕蹖乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 丕夭 丕丨爻丕爻 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 賵 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 禺賵丿 丿乇 賲賵丕噩賴賴 亘丕 噩賴丕賳 乇賴丕 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 亘丕 讴丕乇 禺賵丿丕賳诏蹖禺鬲賴 賵 毓卮賯蹖 讴賴 賳卮丕賳蹖 丕夭 鬲賲賱讴 賵 亘乇丿诏蹖 丿乇 丌賳 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賴 賯丿乇鬲 賵 丕氐丕賱鬲 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賳蹖夭 禺賵丕賴丿 乇爻蹖丿.
賮乇賵賲 倬蹖卮賳賴丕丿 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀� 讴賴 亘噩丕蹖 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 亘賴 丿丕賲丕賳 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 賵 賳賴丕丿賴丕蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 讴賴 賮乇丿蹖鬲 賵 丕氐丕賱鬲 賮乇丿 乇丕 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ必� 亘丕蹖丿 亘丕 讴丕乇 禺賵丿丕賳诏蹖禺鬲賴 賵 毓卮賯貙 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 亘丕 丌睾賵卮 亘丕夭 倬匕蹖乇丕 卮丿 賵 丕蹖賳 倬匕蹖乇卮蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賮乇丿 乇丕 亘賴 讴賲丕賱 乇爻丕賳丿賴 賵 亘賴 乇卮丿 賮乇丿蹖鬲 丕賵 賲賳噩乇 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 丿乇 丕蹖賳 氐賵乇鬲貙 賮乇丿蹖 讴賴 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 倬匕蹖乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 丕夭 丕丨爻丕爻 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 賵 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 禺賵丿 丿乇 賲賵丕噩賴賴 亘丕 噩賴丕賳 乇賴丕 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 亘丕 讴丕乇 禺賵丿丕賳诏蹖禺鬲賴 賵 毓卮賯蹖 讴賴 賳卮丕賳蹖 丕夭 鬲賲賱讴 賵 亘乇丿诏蹖 丿乇 丌賳 賳蹖爻鬲貙 亘賴 賯丿乇鬲 賵 丕氐丕賱鬲 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賳蹖夭 禺賵丕賴丿 乇爻蹖丿.
June 5, 2021
賰賷賮 賳賴乇亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 責
丕賱賷爻鬲 賴賷 賲胤賱亘 丕賱卮毓賵亘 賵 賯丕賲鬲 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賵 丕賱鬲囟丨賷丕鬲 丕賱噩爻丕賲 賱丕噩賱賴丕 責
賴賱 禺胤乇 亘亘丕賱賰 賷賵賲丕 賴匕丕 爻丐丕賱 丕賱匕賷 兀賱丨 毓賱賷 亘毓丿 賯乇丕亍丞 賰鬲丕亘" 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇" :
賱賲 兀賳賯丕丿 丕賱卮毓亘 丕賱賲丕賳賷 賱" 賴鬲賱乇 "責
賴賱 賰丕賳 匕賱賰 亘爻亘亘賴 卮禺氐亘鬲賴 賵 賯丿乇鬲賴 賮賷 丕賱禺胤丕亘丞 賮賯胤貙丕賲 兀賳 賴賳丕賰 丕爻亘丕亘 丕禺乇賶 責
賱賲 賷賳氐丕毓 丕賱賮乇丿 賱賱夭毓賷賲責
孬賲 賳毓賵丿 賱爻丐丕賱 丕賱賲乇賰夭賷 賱賲 賳賴乇亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 責
* 賱賳亘丿兀 賲賳 亘丿丕賷丞 乇睾賲 丕賳 丕乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲 胤亘賷亘 賳賮爻賷 賮廿賳賴 賱賷爻 賰鬲丕亘 賳賮爻賷 賵 賱丕 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷 賮賯胤
賲丕匕丕 丕匕賳 責
>> 賳賱鬲賯賷 亘丿乇丕爻丞 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賮賱爻賮賷丞 丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵 爻賷丕爻賷丞 賵 賳賮爻賷丞 毓賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賵 毓賱丕賯鬲賴 亘丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵 丕賱丨乇賷丞.
* 賲賳 賲賮賴賵賲 兀賵賱賷: 毓賱丕賯丞 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 亘丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵 賳賯丿賴 賱賳馗乇丞 賮乇賵賷丿 賮賷 丕賱鬲賲賴賷丿
.賲賳 賴賳丕賰 賳睾賵氐 賮賷 亘丨乇 丕賱賮賱爻賮丞 賵 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵 丕賱爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞.
賮賳賲乇 毓賱賶 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶: 丨賷丕丞 丕賱賮乇丿 賵 賰賷賮 爻丕賴賲鬲 丕賱馗乇賵賮 丕賱兀賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賮賷 禺賱賯 丨乇賰丞 丕賱丕氐賱丕丨 賮賷 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賵 賷鬲胤乇賯 廿賱賶 賲丿乇爻賷鬲賷賳 丕氐賱丕丨鬲賷賳 :
賲丿乇爻丞 賰丕賱賮賳 賵 賲丿乇爻丞 賱賵孬乇 賵 賰丕賱毓丕丿丞 賳睾賵氐 賮賷 爻賷賰賵賱賵丨賷丞 賵 兀賮賰丕乇 賰賱 賲丿乇爻丞 .
*賵 鬲毓乇囟 賱賳賯丕胤 賲賴賲丞 :
*丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕賱卮賰 丕賱毓賯賱丕賳賷 賵 丕賱賱丕毓賯賱丕賳賷:
-丕賱毓賯賱丕賳賷 亘丕賱丕爻鬲丿賱丕賱 丕賱毓賯賱賷 賵丕賱丨噩噩 賷夭賵賱
- 丕賱賱丕毓賯賱丕賳賷 賱賳 賷夭賵賱 丕賱丕 亘卮毓賵乇 亘丕賱丕賲丕賳 .
*賮賰乇丞 賲乇賰夭賷丞 丕賳賰 賱賵 賱賲 鬲卮毓乇 亘賱丕賲丕賳 丕賱丿丕禺賱賷 賵 丕賱爻賰賷賳丞
賮賲丕 爻 鬲毓孬乇 毓賱賷賴 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷 賲賳 廿賲丕賳 爻賵丕亍 卮禺氐 丕賵 賲丐爻爻丞 (夭毓賷賲 丕賵 爻賱胤丞) 爻賷賰賵賳 賲噩乇丿 爻丿 匕乇賷毓丞 賵賯鬲賷
孬賲 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賵 亘乇賵夭 丕賱乇兀爻 賲丕賱賷丞.
丕馗賳 丕賳 丕賱爻丐丕賱 賷胤乇丨 賴賳丕 賵 賲丕丿禺賱賳丕 賳丨賳 賮賷 賴匕丕 責
丕毓鬲匕乇 賳爻賷鬲 丕賳 丕胤賱毓賰 毓賱賶 丕賴賲 賳賯胤丞 :
賷乇賶 丕乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲 丕賳賳丕 賱丕 賳爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賱賶 賮賰乇丞 賲丕 亘賲毓夭賱 毓賳 馗乇賵賮 賳卮丕亍鬲賴丕 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賮賴賷 賵賱賷丿丞 匕賱賰 丕賱毓氐乇.
丕匕賳 賴賵 賷賮爻乇 賱賳丕 賰賷賮 賰丕賳鬲 胤亘賷毓丞 丕賱賮乇丿 丕賱匕賷 賷賳鬲賲賷 賱胤亘賯丞 賲鬲賵爻胤丞 賮賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱兀夭賲丕賳 賵 賰賷賮 賰丕賳 卮毓賵乇賴 亘丕賱毓噩夭 爻亘亘 賮賷 賳卮兀丞 賲丿乇爻丞 丕賱丕氐賱丕锟斤拷賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞
*孬賲 賳兀鬲賷 賱賮氐賱 丕賱孬丕賱孬 丕賱匕賷 賴賵 丕賷賯賵賳丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 馃挍:
賴賳丕 馗賴乇 丕乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲 胤亘賷亘 丕賱賳賮爻賷 賵 亘丿兀 丕爻鬲賲鬲丕毓 亘丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 亘毓丿 丕乇鬲賮丕毓 馗睾胤 賮賷 賮氐賵賱 丕賱丕賵賱賶
賴賳丕 毓夭賷夭賷 賯丕乇卅 爻鬲賯賮 丕賲丕賲 丕賱賲乇丌丞 賵 爻賷噩毓賱賰 鬲賵丕噩賴 丕乇賷賰 丕賰亘乇 丕賱賲禺丕賵賮 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲賰賳 鬲毓賱賲 亘賵噩賵丿賴丕.
* 賮賷 賮氐賱 丕賱孬丕賱孬 :"丕爻丕賱賷亘 丕賱賴乇賵亘 ":
賷亘丿兀 賮賷 鬲毓丿丕丿 賲賷賰丕賳賷夭賲丕鬲 m茅canismes 丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 :
賮賲丕賴賷 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賳賴乇亘 賲賳賴丕 責
- 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱爻賱亘賷丞 賳毓賲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱爻賱亘賷丞.:
賴賷 卮毓賵乇 丕賱賮乇丿 亘丕賱毓噩夭 賵 丕賱賵丨丿丞 賵 丕賱賷兀爻 賳鬲賷噩丞 毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 丕爻賱賮賳丕 匕賰乇賴丕 : 賮丕賱乇兀爻 賲丕賱賷丞 賵 丨乇賰丞 丕氐賱丕丨 賰爻乇 丕賱賯賷賵丿 賲毓 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳 賷丨鬲賲賷 亘賴丕 賵 賷卮毓乇 亘丕賱丕賲丕賳.
賱賷氐亘丨 丕賱賮乇丿 丕賱毓丕噩夭 賵 丕賱禺丕卅賮 賵 賷丕卅爻 賰賵乇賯丞 卮噩乇丞 賲賱賯丕丞 賵 賱賰賷 賷鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱卮毓賵乇 爻賷兀賱噩兀 丕賱賶 賴乇賵亘 毓賳 :
1) 丕賱爻賱胤丞 :
賵 賴賳丕 胤乇丨 丕賱毓賱丕賯丞 丕賱鬲賰丕賮賱賷丞 亘賷賳 丕賱爻丕丿賷 賵 丕賱賲丕夭賵卮賷 賵 丕賳 賰賱丕賴賲丕 賳丕亘毓賷賳 賲賳 卮毓賵乇 亘丕賱毓噩夭.
賮丕賱丕賵賱 賷爻毓賶 丕賱賶 賮乇囟 丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 賵 丕賱賯賵丞 毓賱賶 丌禺乇 賱賷卮毓乇 丕賳賴 賷鬲賳賲賷 賵 賷賱睾賷 賵丨丿鬲賴 賵 丕亘乇夭 賲丿賶 鬲毓賱賯 丕賱爻丕丿賷 亘賲賵囟賵毓賴
賵 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賷賱睾賷 匕丕鬲賴 賱賰賷 賷賴乇亘 賲賳 匕賱賰 丕賱卮毓賵乇
賵 賴賳丕 鬲賵爻毓 噩丿丕 賮賷 丕賱亘丨孬 賵 囟乇亘 丕賱丕賲孬賱丞.
賵 鬲毓乇囟 賱賳賯丕胤 賲賴賲丞 :
* 丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕賱爻賱胤丞 丕賱毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 賵 丕賱賱丕 毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 丕賱丕爻鬲睾賱丕賱賷丞 :
毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 丕賱丕賲孬賱 賲孬賱 : 丕賱丕爻鬲丕匕 賵 丕賱鬲賱賲賷匕
丕賱賱丕 毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 : 丕賱毓亘丿 賵 丕賱爻賷丿.
* 丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 乇睾亘丞 丕賱爻丕丿賷 賮賷 丕賱賯賵丞 賵 賳夭毓丞 丕賱鬲丿賲乇賷丞
* 鬲丨丿賷丿 賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱賯賵丞 :
丕賱賲毓賳賶 丕賱丕賵賱:丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱賮丕毓賱丞
丕賱賲毓賳賶 丕賱孬丕賳賷:丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱賮賵賯賷丞.
* 丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕賱賳卮丕胤 丕賱毓賯賱丕賳賷 賵 丕賱賳卮丕胤 丕賱賱丕毓賯賱丕賳賷 丕賱毓氐丕亘賷:
丕賱毓賯賱丕賳賷: 賳爻毓賶 丕賱賶 賳鬲賷噩丞
* 丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕賱賳乇噩爻賷丞 賵 丕賱丕賳丕賳賷丞 賵 丨亘 丕賱匕丕鬲 :
-丨亘 丕賱匕丕鬲 卮毓賵乇 噩賲賷賱 賵 賷噩亘 丕賳 賷賰賵賳 賲賵噩賵丿丕 賮丕賱毓丕噩夭 毓賳 丨亘賴 賳賮爻賴 賮賴賵 毓賳 丨亘賴 睾賷乇賴 兀毓噩夭.
-丕賱丕賳丕賳賷丞 :乇睾亘丞 丕賳 賷賰賵賳 丕賱禺賷乇 賱賰 賵丨丿賰 .
-丕賱賳乇噩爻賷丞:卮毓賵乇 亘丕賱賳賯氐 賵 毓丿賲 丕賱孬賯丞 亘丕賱匕丕鬲 賵 賱丕 賷丨亘 賱丕 賳賮爻賴 賵 賱丕 丌禺乇賷賳.
2) 丕賱賳夭毓丞 丕賱鬲丿賲乇賷丞 :
丿丕卅賲丕 賳賳胤賱賯 賲賳 賳賮爻 丕賱卮毓賵乇 亘丕賱毓噩夭 賵 丕賱賵丨丿丞 賱賰賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲乇丞 賱鬲禺賱氐 賲賳賴 賷爻毓賶 丕賱賮乇丿 賱鬲丿賲賷乇 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱匕賷 噩毓賱賴 賷丨爻 亘賵丨丿丞 賵 毓夭賱 賵 廿賳 賱賲 賷賯丿乇 賷丿賲乇 賳賮爻賴.
丕賯鬲亘爻 賲賳賴:
"丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱睾賷乇 丕賱賲毓丕卮丞 鬲丿賲乇賳丕 "
3)丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丌賱賷 :
賴賳丕 賱鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱爻賱亘賷丞 賷氐亘丨 丕賱賮乇丿 丕賱丌賱丞 .
賵 丕賯鬲亘爻 賲賳賴 :
"廿賳爻丕賳 丌賱賷 丨賷 亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丕 賱賰賳賴 賲賷鬲 廿賳賮毓丕賱賷丕 賵 匕賴賳賷丕"
賮賴賵 丕氐亘丨 丕賱丞 囟賲賳 賳馗丕賲 丕賱匕賷 禺賱賯賴 賵 丕鬲毓爻 丕賳賴 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賱賶 賮乇丿賷鬲賴 丕賱睾賷乇 賲毓丕卮丞 .賵 丕賱匕賷 賷馗賳 丕賳賴 賷毓賷卮賴丕 賵 丕賳賴 鬲禺賱氐 賲賳 賰賱 丕賱賯賷賵丿 丕賱丨丕卅賱 亘賷賳賴 賱賷鬲賲鬲毓 亘賴丕
賴賳丕 丨丿丿 毓丿丞 賮乇賵賯 賲賴賲丞 :
*丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱丕氐賷賱 賵 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱夭丕卅賮 :
丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱丕氐賱賷 丕賱賳丕亘毓 賲賳 賳卮丕胤 匕賴賳賷 賱賱賮乇丿 賱丕 賳毓賳賷 亘賴 丕賳 匕賱賰 丕賱卮禺氐 丕賵賱 賲賳 噩丕亍 亘鬲賱賰 丕賱丕賮賰丕乇 亘賱 賴賵 賮賰乇 賮賷賴 賵 丕爻鬲賳鬲噩賴 賵丨丿賴 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 禺亘乇丕鬲賴.
賵 丕賱夭丕卅賮:鬲賲 丕賱鬲賱賯賷賳賴 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 賲 丕胤賱賯 毓賱賷賴丕 亘丕賱爻賱胤丞 丕賱賲噩賴賵賱丞 丕賱賲賯賳毓丞 賵賴賷 :
丕賱丨爻 丕賱毓丕賲 賵 丕賱乇兀賷 丕賱毓丕賲 賵 丕賱丨爻 丕賱賲卮鬲乇賰.
*丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕賱賳賮爻 丕氐賷賱丞 賵 丕賱夭丕卅賮丞:
丕賯鬲亘爻 賲賳賴 :
"丕賳丕 賱爻鬲 丕賳丕 亘賱 丕賳丕 賰賲丕 鬲乇睾亘 丕賳鬲 "
*丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕乇丕丿丞 丕賱賮毓賱賷丞 丕賱丨乇丞 賵 廿乇丕丿丞 丕賱夭丕卅賮丞 .
賷禺鬲賲 賴匕賴 丕賷賯賵賳丞 亘賴匕賴 丕賱禺賱丕氐丞 鈾ワ笍
賮賷 爻賷乇賵乇丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丨丿賷孬 丨賱鬲 賲丨賱 丕賱爻賱胤丞 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 爻賱胤丞 丕賱丿賵賱丞 賵 丨賱鬲 賲丨賱 爻賱胤丞 丕賱丿賵賱丞 爻賱胤丞 丕賱囟賲賷乇 賵 賮賷 丨賯亘鬲賳丕 丕賱乇丕賴賳丞 丨賱鬲 賲丨賱 爻賱胤丞 丕賱囟賲賷乇 丕賱爻賱胤丞 丕賱賲噩賴賵賱丞 丕賱賲賯賳毓丞 賱賱丨爻 丕賱賲卮鬲乇賰 丕賱毓丕賲 賵 丕賱乇兀賷 丕賱毓丕賲 賰丕賱兀丿賵丕鬲 賱賱鬲胤丕亘賯 賵 賱兀賳賳丕 賯丿 丨乇乇賳丕 兀賳賮爻賳丕 賲賳 丕賱兀卮賰丕賱 丕賱氐乇賷丨丞 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 賱賱爻賱胤丞 賮廿賳賳丕 賱丕 賳鬲亘賷賳 兀賳賳丕 丕氐亘丨賳丕 賮乇賷爻丞 賳賵毓 噩丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱爻賱胤丞 .賱賯丿 兀氐亘丨賳丕 廿賱丌鬲 .
丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱乇丕亘毓 :
丿乇爻 賮賷賴 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 卮禺氐賷丞 賴鬲賱乇 丕賱鬲賷 鬲毓鬲亘乇 丕賱賲孬丕賱 賱卮禺氐賷丞 丕賱鬲爻賱胤賷丞 丕賱丕爻鬲亘丿丕丿賷丞 .
賵 馗乇賵賮 賳卮兀丞 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 .
丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱禺丕賲爻 :
賴賳丕 丕噩丕亘 毓賱賶 丕賱爻丐丕賱 : 賴賱 賲賲賰賳 丕賳 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賮乇丿 丕賱丨乇 賮賷 丨乇賷丞 廿賷噩丕亘賷丞 責
丕賷 賱賷爻 賷鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 賯賷丿 賱賷噩丿 賳賮爻賴 賮賷 賯賷丿 廿禺乇.
丕賱噩賵丕亘 : 賳毓賲
賷爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賳 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賮乇丿 丨乇丕 丨乇賷丞 廿賷噩丕亘賷丞 鬲賯賵賲 毓賱賶 賳卮丕胤 鬲賱賯丕卅賷 賱卮禺氐賷丞 丕賱賰賱賷丞 賲鬲賰丕賲賱丞.
*賴賳丕 賮爻乇 賲 賲毓賳賶 鬲賱賯丕卅賷丞 賰 賳卮丕胤 : 丕賷 賳丕亘毓 賲賳賴丕
賵 囟乇亘 賲孬賱丕 毓賱賶 匕賱賰 :
丕賱丨亘 賰賮毓賱 賵 賳卮丕胤 鬲賱賯丕卅賷 胤亘毓丕 丨爻亘 賲賮賴賵賲賴 :
(丕賳馗乇 賰鬲丕亘 賮賳 丕賱丨亘 廿乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲 .).
丕賱毓賲賱 賵 賴賳丕 賲賷夭 亘賷賳 丕賱毓賲賱 賰賳卮丕胤 鬲賱賯丕卅賷 賵 亘賷賳 賳卮丕胤 丕囟胤乇丕乇賷 丕賵 乇睾亘丞 賮賷 賴乇賵亘.
賵 賯賷丕爻 毓賱賷賴 賰賱 賳卮丕胤 賳賰賵賳 賮賷賴 賳丨賳 賴賵 丨乇賷丞 廿賷噩丕亘賷丞.
孬賲 禺鬲賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵 丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 .
丕賷賳 賷賳鬲賯丿 丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 丕賱賲乇賰夭賷丞 賵 賷乇爻賲 賲卮乇賵毓 丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 賳賮爻賷 廿噩鬲賲丕毓賷 賷賯賵賲 毓賱賶 賲 丕爻賲丕賴 丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 丕賱丕卮鬲乇丕賰賷丞.
孬賲 賮賷 賲賱丨賯 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賳賯丿 賳馗乇賷丞 賮乇賵賷丿 丨賵賱 賱賷亘丿賵 .
賰賲丕 亘賷賳 賯氐賵乇 丕爻丕賱賷亘 鬲乇亘賷鬲賳丕 賱兀胤賮丕賱賳丕 毓賱賶 禺賱賯 胤賮賱 鬲賱賯丕卅賷 賲賮賰乇 亘賱 賳丨賳 賳亘乇賲噩賴 賱賷賰賵賳 廿賱丞 賱賵 賳丨賳 丕賷氐丕 丌賱丌鬲.
賯亘賱 丕賳 丕賳賴賷 丕賱丨丿賷孬.
丕丨亘 丕賳 兀鬲胤乇賯 賱賳賯胤丞 賲賴賲丞 :
* 鬲丨丿孬 丕乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲 毓賱賶 賴乇亘 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賵 賰亘鬲賴 賱賲毓乇賮丞 丕賱賲賵鬲 賵 丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻亘亘 賱賴 丕賱賯賱賯 .
賱匕賱賰 賳噩丿 賮賷 丕賱丿賷賳 丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷 丕賱鬲匕賰賷乇 丕賱丿丕卅賲 亘丕賱賲賵鬲 賰丨鬲賲賷丞 亘賱 賮賷 丨丿賷孬 乇爻賵賱 丕賱賱賴 氐賱賶 丕賱賱賴 毓賱賷賴 賵爻賱賲 丕賳賴 丿毓賶 賱夭賷丕乇丞 丕賱賯亘賵乇 亘毓丿 丕賳 賳賴賶 毓賳 匕賱賰 賱鬲匕賰乇丞 賱賱賯賱亘 賵 丕賳 賳鬲匕賰乇 丕賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱丿賳賷丕 賲毓亘乇丞 丕賵 賯賳胤乇丞 賱賱丌禺乇丞.
丕毓鬲匕乇 毓賱賶 廿胤丕賱丞 賱賰賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲鬲賲賷夭 賵 丨丕賵賱鬲 賲乇賵乇 毓賱賶 賰賱 丨賵丕賳亘 亘丕賱丕禺鬲氐丕乇 賱鬲毓賲 賮丕卅丿丞.
賷毓賷卮賰 丕爻鬲丕匕 丨賲夭丞 毓賱賶 賲卮丕乇賰鬲賷 賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲鬲賲賷夭 乇賮賯鬲賰 賰丕賳鬲 卮乇賮 賱賷.
9 mars 19馃尮
丕賱賷爻鬲 賴賷 賲胤賱亘 丕賱卮毓賵亘 賵 賯丕賲鬲 丕賱丨乇賵亘 賵 丕賱鬲囟丨賷丕鬲 丕賱噩爻丕賲 賱丕噩賱賴丕 責
賴賱 禺胤乇 亘亘丕賱賰 賷賵賲丕 賴匕丕 爻丐丕賱 丕賱匕賷 兀賱丨 毓賱賷 亘毓丿 賯乇丕亍丞 賰鬲丕亘" 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇" :
賱賲 兀賳賯丕丿 丕賱卮毓亘 丕賱賲丕賳賷 賱" 賴鬲賱乇 "責
賴賱 賰丕賳 匕賱賰 亘爻亘亘賴 卮禺氐亘鬲賴 賵 賯丿乇鬲賴 賮賷 丕賱禺胤丕亘丞 賮賯胤貙丕賲 兀賳 賴賳丕賰 丕爻亘丕亘 丕禺乇賶 責
賱賲 賷賳氐丕毓 丕賱賮乇丿 賱賱夭毓賷賲責
孬賲 賳毓賵丿 賱爻丐丕賱 丕賱賲乇賰夭賷 賱賲 賳賴乇亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 責
* 賱賳亘丿兀 賲賳 亘丿丕賷丞 乇睾賲 丕賳 丕乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲 胤亘賷亘 賳賮爻賷 賮廿賳賴 賱賷爻 賰鬲丕亘 賳賮爻賷 賵 賱丕 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷 賮賯胤
賲丕匕丕 丕匕賳 責
>> 賳賱鬲賯賷 亘丿乇丕爻丞 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賮賱爻賮賷丞 丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵 爻賷丕爻賷丞 賵 賳賮爻賷丞 毓賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賵 毓賱丕賯鬲賴 亘丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵 丕賱丨乇賷丞.
* 賲賳 賲賮賴賵賲 兀賵賱賷: 毓賱丕賯丞 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 亘丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵 賳賯丿賴 賱賳馗乇丞 賮乇賵賷丿 賮賷 丕賱鬲賲賴賷丿
.賲賳 賴賳丕賰 賳睾賵氐 賮賷 亘丨乇 丕賱賮賱爻賮丞 賵 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵 丕賱爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞.
賮賳賲乇 毓賱賶 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶: 丨賷丕丞 丕賱賮乇丿 賵 賰賷賮 爻丕賴賲鬲 丕賱馗乇賵賮 丕賱兀賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賮賷 禺賱賯 丨乇賰丞 丕賱丕氐賱丕丨 賮賷 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賵 賷鬲胤乇賯 廿賱賶 賲丿乇爻賷鬲賷賳 丕氐賱丕丨鬲賷賳 :
賲丿乇爻丞 賰丕賱賮賳 賵 賲丿乇爻丞 賱賵孬乇 賵 賰丕賱毓丕丿丞 賳睾賵氐 賮賷 爻賷賰賵賱賵丨賷丞 賵 兀賮賰丕乇 賰賱 賲丿乇爻丞 .
*賵 鬲毓乇囟 賱賳賯丕胤 賲賴賲丞 :
*丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕賱卮賰 丕賱毓賯賱丕賳賷 賵 丕賱賱丕毓賯賱丕賳賷:
-丕賱毓賯賱丕賳賷 亘丕賱丕爻鬲丿賱丕賱 丕賱毓賯賱賷 賵丕賱丨噩噩 賷夭賵賱
- 丕賱賱丕毓賯賱丕賳賷 賱賳 賷夭賵賱 丕賱丕 亘卮毓賵乇 亘丕賱丕賲丕賳 .
*賮賰乇丞 賲乇賰夭賷丞 丕賳賰 賱賵 賱賲 鬲卮毓乇 亘賱丕賲丕賳 丕賱丿丕禺賱賷 賵 丕賱爻賰賷賳丞
賮賲丕 爻 鬲毓孬乇 毓賱賷賴 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷 賲賳 廿賲丕賳 爻賵丕亍 卮禺氐 丕賵 賲丐爻爻丞 (夭毓賷賲 丕賵 爻賱胤丞) 爻賷賰賵賳 賲噩乇丿 爻丿 匕乇賷毓丞 賵賯鬲賷
孬賲 丕賱毓氐乇 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賵 亘乇賵夭 丕賱乇兀爻 賲丕賱賷丞.
丕馗賳 丕賳 丕賱爻丐丕賱 賷胤乇丨 賴賳丕 賵 賲丕丿禺賱賳丕 賳丨賳 賮賷 賴匕丕 責
丕毓鬲匕乇 賳爻賷鬲 丕賳 丕胤賱毓賰 毓賱賶 丕賴賲 賳賯胤丞 :
賷乇賶 丕乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲 丕賳賳丕 賱丕 賳爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱丨丿賷孬 毓賱賶 賮賰乇丞 賲丕 亘賲毓夭賱 毓賳 馗乇賵賮 賳卮丕亍鬲賴丕 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賮賴賷 賵賱賷丿丞 匕賱賰 丕賱毓氐乇.
丕匕賳 賴賵 賷賮爻乇 賱賳丕 賰賷賮 賰丕賳鬲 胤亘賷毓丞 丕賱賮乇丿 丕賱匕賷 賷賳鬲賲賷 賱胤亘賯丞 賲鬲賵爻胤丞 賮賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱兀夭賲丕賳 賵 賰賷賮 賰丕賳 卮毓賵乇賴 亘丕賱毓噩夭 爻亘亘 賮賷 賳卮兀丞 賲丿乇爻丞 丕賱丕氐賱丕锟斤拷賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞
*孬賲 賳兀鬲賷 賱賮氐賱 丕賱孬丕賱孬 丕賱匕賷 賴賵 丕賷賯賵賳丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 馃挍:
賴賳丕 馗賴乇 丕乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲 胤亘賷亘 丕賱賳賮爻賷 賵 亘丿兀 丕爻鬲賲鬲丕毓 亘丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 亘毓丿 丕乇鬲賮丕毓 馗睾胤 賮賷 賮氐賵賱 丕賱丕賵賱賶
賴賳丕 毓夭賷夭賷 賯丕乇卅 爻鬲賯賮 丕賲丕賲 丕賱賲乇丌丞 賵 爻賷噩毓賱賰 鬲賵丕噩賴 丕乇賷賰 丕賰亘乇 丕賱賲禺丕賵賮 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 鬲賰賳 鬲毓賱賲 亘賵噩賵丿賴丕.
* 賮賷 賮氐賱 丕賱孬丕賱孬 :"丕爻丕賱賷亘 丕賱賴乇賵亘 ":
賷亘丿兀 賮賷 鬲毓丿丕丿 賲賷賰丕賳賷夭賲丕鬲 m茅canismes 丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 :
賮賲丕賴賷 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賳賴乇亘 賲賳賴丕 責
- 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱爻賱亘賷丞 賳毓賲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱爻賱亘賷丞.:
賴賷 卮毓賵乇 丕賱賮乇丿 亘丕賱毓噩夭 賵 丕賱賵丨丿丞 賵 丕賱賷兀爻 賳鬲賷噩丞 毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 丕爻賱賮賳丕 匕賰乇賴丕 : 賮丕賱乇兀爻 賲丕賱賷丞 賵 丨乇賰丞 丕氐賱丕丨 賰爻乇 丕賱賯賷賵丿 賲毓 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳 賷丨鬲賲賷 亘賴丕 賵 賷卮毓乇 亘丕賱丕賲丕賳.
賱賷氐亘丨 丕賱賮乇丿 丕賱毓丕噩夭 賵 丕賱禺丕卅賮 賵 賷丕卅爻 賰賵乇賯丞 卮噩乇丞 賲賱賯丕丞 賵 賱賰賷 賷鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱卮毓賵乇 爻賷兀賱噩兀 丕賱賶 賴乇賵亘 毓賳 :
1) 丕賱爻賱胤丞 :
賵 賴賳丕 胤乇丨 丕賱毓賱丕賯丞 丕賱鬲賰丕賮賱賷丞 亘賷賳 丕賱爻丕丿賷 賵 丕賱賲丕夭賵卮賷 賵 丕賳 賰賱丕賴賲丕 賳丕亘毓賷賳 賲賳 卮毓賵乇 亘丕賱毓噩夭.
賮丕賱丕賵賱 賷爻毓賶 丕賱賶 賮乇囟 丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 賵 丕賱賯賵丞 毓賱賶 丌禺乇 賱賷卮毓乇 丕賳賴 賷鬲賳賲賷 賵 賷賱睾賷 賵丨丿鬲賴 賵 丕亘乇夭 賲丿賶 鬲毓賱賯 丕賱爻丕丿賷 亘賲賵囟賵毓賴
賵 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賷賱睾賷 匕丕鬲賴 賱賰賷 賷賴乇亘 賲賳 匕賱賰 丕賱卮毓賵乇
賵 賴賳丕 鬲賵爻毓 噩丿丕 賮賷 丕賱亘丨孬 賵 囟乇亘 丕賱丕賲孬賱丞.
賵 鬲毓乇囟 賱賳賯丕胤 賲賴賲丞 :
* 丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕賱爻賱胤丞 丕賱毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 賵 丕賱賱丕 毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 丕賱丕爻鬲睾賱丕賱賷丞 :
毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 丕賱丕賲孬賱 賲孬賱 : 丕賱丕爻鬲丕匕 賵 丕賱鬲賱賲賷匕
丕賱賱丕 毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 : 丕賱毓亘丿 賵 丕賱爻賷丿.
* 丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 乇睾亘丞 丕賱爻丕丿賷 賮賷 丕賱賯賵丞 賵 賳夭毓丞 丕賱鬲丿賲乇賷丞
* 鬲丨丿賷丿 賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱賯賵丞 :
丕賱賲毓賳賶 丕賱丕賵賱:丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱賮丕毓賱丞
丕賱賲毓賳賶 丕賱孬丕賳賷:丕賱賯賵丞 丕賱賮賵賯賷丞.
* 丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕賱賳卮丕胤 丕賱毓賯賱丕賳賷 賵 丕賱賳卮丕胤 丕賱賱丕毓賯賱丕賳賷 丕賱毓氐丕亘賷:
丕賱毓賯賱丕賳賷: 賳爻毓賶 丕賱賶 賳鬲賷噩丞
* 丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕賱賳乇噩爻賷丞 賵 丕賱丕賳丕賳賷丞 賵 丨亘 丕賱匕丕鬲 :
-丨亘 丕賱匕丕鬲 卮毓賵乇 噩賲賷賱 賵 賷噩亘 丕賳 賷賰賵賳 賲賵噩賵丿丕 賮丕賱毓丕噩夭 毓賳 丨亘賴 賳賮爻賴 賮賴賵 毓賳 丨亘賴 睾賷乇賴 兀毓噩夭.
-丕賱丕賳丕賳賷丞 :乇睾亘丞 丕賳 賷賰賵賳 丕賱禺賷乇 賱賰 賵丨丿賰 .
-丕賱賳乇噩爻賷丞:卮毓賵乇 亘丕賱賳賯氐 賵 毓丿賲 丕賱孬賯丞 亘丕賱匕丕鬲 賵 賱丕 賷丨亘 賱丕 賳賮爻賴 賵 賱丕 丌禺乇賷賳.
2) 丕賱賳夭毓丞 丕賱鬲丿賲乇賷丞 :
丿丕卅賲丕 賳賳胤賱賯 賲賳 賳賮爻 丕賱卮毓賵乇 亘丕賱毓噩夭 賵 丕賱賵丨丿丞 賱賰賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲乇丞 賱鬲禺賱氐 賲賳賴 賷爻毓賶 丕賱賮乇丿 賱鬲丿賲賷乇 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱匕賷 噩毓賱賴 賷丨爻 亘賵丨丿丞 賵 毓夭賱 賵 廿賳 賱賲 賷賯丿乇 賷丿賲乇 賳賮爻賴.
丕賯鬲亘爻 賲賳賴:
"丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱睾賷乇 丕賱賲毓丕卮丞 鬲丿賲乇賳丕 "
3)丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丌賱賷 :
賴賳丕 賱鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱爻賱亘賷丞 賷氐亘丨 丕賱賮乇丿 丕賱丌賱丞 .
賵 丕賯鬲亘爻 賲賳賴 :
"廿賳爻丕賳 丌賱賷 丨賷 亘賷賵賱賵噩賷丕 賱賰賳賴 賲賷鬲 廿賳賮毓丕賱賷丕 賵 匕賴賳賷丕"
賮賴賵 丕氐亘丨 丕賱丞 囟賲賳 賳馗丕賲 丕賱匕賷 禺賱賯賴 賵 丕鬲毓爻 丕賳賴 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賱賶 賮乇丿賷鬲賴 丕賱睾賷乇 賲毓丕卮丞 .賵 丕賱匕賷 賷馗賳 丕賳賴 賷毓賷卮賴丕 賵 丕賳賴 鬲禺賱氐 賲賳 賰賱 丕賱賯賷賵丿 丕賱丨丕卅賱 亘賷賳賴 賱賷鬲賲鬲毓 亘賴丕
賴賳丕 丨丿丿 毓丿丞 賮乇賵賯 賲賴賲丞 :
*丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱丕氐賷賱 賵 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱夭丕卅賮 :
丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱丕氐賱賷 丕賱賳丕亘毓 賲賳 賳卮丕胤 匕賴賳賷 賱賱賮乇丿 賱丕 賳毓賳賷 亘賴 丕賳 匕賱賰 丕賱卮禺氐 丕賵賱 賲賳 噩丕亍 亘鬲賱賰 丕賱丕賮賰丕乇 亘賱 賴賵 賮賰乇 賮賷賴 賵 丕爻鬲賳鬲噩賴 賵丨丿賴 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 禺亘乇丕鬲賴.
賵 丕賱夭丕卅賮:鬲賲 丕賱鬲賱賯賷賳賴 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 賲 丕胤賱賯 毓賱賷賴丕 亘丕賱爻賱胤丞 丕賱賲噩賴賵賱丞 丕賱賲賯賳毓丞 賵賴賷 :
丕賱丨爻 丕賱毓丕賲 賵 丕賱乇兀賷 丕賱毓丕賲 賵 丕賱丨爻 丕賱賲卮鬲乇賰.
*丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕賱賳賮爻 丕氐賷賱丞 賵 丕賱夭丕卅賮丞:
丕賯鬲亘爻 賲賳賴 :
"丕賳丕 賱爻鬲 丕賳丕 亘賱 丕賳丕 賰賲丕 鬲乇睾亘 丕賳鬲 "
*丕賱鬲賮乇賯丞 亘賷賳 丕乇丕丿丞 丕賱賮毓賱賷丞 丕賱丨乇丞 賵 廿乇丕丿丞 丕賱夭丕卅賮丞 .
賷禺鬲賲 賴匕賴 丕賷賯賵賳丞 亘賴匕賴 丕賱禺賱丕氐丞 鈾ワ笍
賮賷 爻賷乇賵乇丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱丨丿賷孬 丨賱鬲 賲丨賱 丕賱爻賱胤丞 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 爻賱胤丞 丕賱丿賵賱丞 賵 丨賱鬲 賲丨賱 爻賱胤丞 丕賱丿賵賱丞 爻賱胤丞 丕賱囟賲賷乇 賵 賮賷 丨賯亘鬲賳丕 丕賱乇丕賴賳丞 丨賱鬲 賲丨賱 爻賱胤丞 丕賱囟賲賷乇 丕賱爻賱胤丞 丕賱賲噩賴賵賱丞 丕賱賲賯賳毓丞 賱賱丨爻 丕賱賲卮鬲乇賰 丕賱毓丕賲 賵 丕賱乇兀賷 丕賱毓丕賲 賰丕賱兀丿賵丕鬲 賱賱鬲胤丕亘賯 賵 賱兀賳賳丕 賯丿 丨乇乇賳丕 兀賳賮爻賳丕 賲賳 丕賱兀卮賰丕賱 丕賱氐乇賷丨丞 丕賱賯丿賷賲丞 賱賱爻賱胤丞 賮廿賳賳丕 賱丕 賳鬲亘賷賳 兀賳賳丕 丕氐亘丨賳丕 賮乇賷爻丞 賳賵毓 噩丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱爻賱胤丞 .賱賯丿 兀氐亘丨賳丕 廿賱丌鬲 .
丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱乇丕亘毓 :
丿乇爻 賮賷賴 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 卮禺氐賷丞 賴鬲賱乇 丕賱鬲賷 鬲毓鬲亘乇 丕賱賲孬丕賱 賱卮禺氐賷丞 丕賱鬲爻賱胤賷丞 丕賱丕爻鬲亘丿丕丿賷丞 .
賵 馗乇賵賮 賳卮兀丞 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 .
丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱禺丕賲爻 :
賴賳丕 丕噩丕亘 毓賱賶 丕賱爻丐丕賱 : 賴賱 賲賲賰賳 丕賳 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賮乇丿 丕賱丨乇 賮賷 丨乇賷丞 廿賷噩丕亘賷丞 責
丕賷 賱賷爻 賷鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 賯賷丿 賱賷噩丿 賳賮爻賴 賮賷 賯賷丿 廿禺乇.
丕賱噩賵丕亘 : 賳毓賲
賷爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賳 賷賰賵賳 丕賱賮乇丿 丨乇丕 丨乇賷丞 廿賷噩丕亘賷丞 鬲賯賵賲 毓賱賶 賳卮丕胤 鬲賱賯丕卅賷 賱卮禺氐賷丞 丕賱賰賱賷丞 賲鬲賰丕賲賱丞.
*賴賳丕 賮爻乇 賲 賲毓賳賶 鬲賱賯丕卅賷丞 賰 賳卮丕胤 : 丕賷 賳丕亘毓 賲賳賴丕
賵 囟乇亘 賲孬賱丕 毓賱賶 匕賱賰 :
丕賱丨亘 賰賮毓賱 賵 賳卮丕胤 鬲賱賯丕卅賷 胤亘毓丕 丨爻亘 賲賮賴賵賲賴 :
(丕賳馗乇 賰鬲丕亘 賮賳 丕賱丨亘 廿乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲 .).
丕賱毓賲賱 賵 賴賳丕 賲賷夭 亘賷賳 丕賱毓賲賱 賰賳卮丕胤 鬲賱賯丕卅賷 賵 亘賷賳 賳卮丕胤 丕囟胤乇丕乇賷 丕賵 乇睾亘丞 賮賷 賴乇賵亘.
賵 賯賷丕爻 毓賱賷賴 賰賱 賳卮丕胤 賳賰賵賳 賮賷賴 賳丨賳 賴賵 丨乇賷丞 廿賷噩丕亘賷丞.
孬賲 禺鬲賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賲賵囟賵毓 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵 丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 .
丕賷賳 賷賳鬲賯丿 丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 丕賱賲乇賰夭賷丞 賵 賷乇爻賲 賲卮乇賵毓 丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 賳賮爻賷 廿噩鬲賲丕毓賷 賷賯賵賲 毓賱賶 賲 丕爻賲丕賴 丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 丕賱丕卮鬲乇丕賰賷丞.
孬賲 賮賷 賲賱丨賯 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賳賯丿 賳馗乇賷丞 賮乇賵賷丿 丨賵賱 賱賷亘丿賵 .
賰賲丕 亘賷賳 賯氐賵乇 丕爻丕賱賷亘 鬲乇亘賷鬲賳丕 賱兀胤賮丕賱賳丕 毓賱賶 禺賱賯 胤賮賱 鬲賱賯丕卅賷 賲賮賰乇 亘賱 賳丨賳 賳亘乇賲噩賴 賱賷賰賵賳 廿賱丞 賱賵 賳丨賳 丕賷氐丕 丌賱丌鬲.
賯亘賱 丕賳 丕賳賴賷 丕賱丨丿賷孬.
丕丨亘 丕賳 兀鬲胤乇賯 賱賳賯胤丞 賲賴賲丞 :
* 鬲丨丿孬 丕乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲 毓賱賶 賴乇亘 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賵 賰亘鬲賴 賱賲毓乇賮丞 丕賱賲賵鬲 賵 丕賱鬲賷 鬲爻亘亘 賱賴 丕賱賯賱賯 .
賱匕賱賰 賳噩丿 賮賷 丕賱丿賷賳 丕賱丕爻賱丕賲賷 丕賱鬲匕賰賷乇 丕賱丿丕卅賲 亘丕賱賲賵鬲 賰丨鬲賲賷丞 亘賱 賮賷 丨丿賷孬 乇爻賵賱 丕賱賱賴 氐賱賶 丕賱賱賴 毓賱賷賴 賵爻賱賲 丕賳賴 丿毓賶 賱夭賷丕乇丞 丕賱賯亘賵乇 亘毓丿 丕賳 賳賴賶 毓賳 匕賱賰 賱鬲匕賰乇丞 賱賱賯賱亘 賵 丕賳 賳鬲匕賰乇 丕賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱丿賳賷丕 賲毓亘乇丞 丕賵 賯賳胤乇丞 賱賱丌禺乇丞.
丕毓鬲匕乇 毓賱賶 廿胤丕賱丞 賱賰賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲鬲賲賷夭 賵 丨丕賵賱鬲 賲乇賵乇 毓賱賶 賰賱 丨賵丕賳亘 亘丕賱丕禺鬲氐丕乇 賱鬲毓賲 賮丕卅丿丞.
賷毓賷卮賰 丕爻鬲丕匕 丨賲夭丞 毓賱賶 賲卮丕乇賰鬲賷 賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲鬲賲賷夭 乇賮賯鬲賰 賰丕賳鬲 卮乇賮 賱賷.
9 mars 19馃尮
April 2, 2019
Certainly of all the nonfiction I've read this year, I would recommend Escape From Freedom above all others. This is my first time reading Fromm and I'm thoroughly impressed.
This work addresses topics which are very important to me: individuality, authoritarianism, freedom and how it all relates to our modern, democratic society. Fromm draws a causal link between the freedom gained for the individual in the transition to modernity, and the reactionary rise of the authoritarian personality. Fromm brings into his analysis many of the social issues addressed in our contemporary media: the coercion to conform, the desire to be a part of "something greater," the loss of authentic thought and action all emerge as consequences of what he calls "the escape from freedom."
The book is roughly divided into three portions: first is a history of the transition from medieval to modern society, then an analysis of the psychological factors at work in contemporary society, and finally a dissection of authoritarian societies with a vision of potential alternatives. Fromm's basic thesis is that in moving from a regimented, organic medieval society to the comparatively open capitalist society, the individual is placed in an uncertain, possibly frightening state of freedom. This freedom creates a basic psychic tension that the individual then seeks to alleviate through various methods which can be commonplace, neurotic, or empowering.
The whole thing is, for Fromm, analogous to the process of individuation as described by Jung. The youth grows and leaves the nest, by necessity during the emergence of an individual self, which exposes him or her to the dangers and responsibilities of self-directed life. This is the tale of the fall from grace, Adam and Eve ejected from Eden. Similarly, the medieval life represented for people a closer integration with nature and society, womb-like; Fromm even argues that death didn't represent the terrible boogeyman as it does today, being as this was before the creation of the individual as such.
Capitalist society, on the other hand, forces the individual to decide upon his or her own life, creates a freedom of motion and fluidity of social stations, and subjects one's livelihood to the whim of the marketplace. The emergence of early capitalist society is then matched by the emergence of Protestantism (Luther and Calvin), created in response to the changing psychological landscape of modernity. These religions, argues Fromm, attempt to reverse or negate the emergence of the individual by offering psychological / spiritual coping strategies. That this directly leads to the so-called protestant work ethic which enabled the further development of capitalism was precisely Weber's much-celebrated thesis. An important distinction by Fromm here is that religions and worldviews aren't reached by sober, rational reasoning (as early modern philosophers would maintain), but instead arise in response to psychological conflicts, created in part by our social modes.
However, it doesn't end with Protestantism. In contemporary times, one may attempt to flee the responsibility of individuality by recourse to authoritarianism, sadism, and/or masochism, which restore concrete social order ("a place for everything, and everything in its place") but which can never fully or satisfactorily resolve the inner conflict, since nothing can reverse the physical or social condition of individuation.
One of the many things I absolutely loved about this book was that Fromm was writing right around the start of WWII, though before there was widespread public knowledge of the holocaust, yet he did not need evidence of war crimes to seriously indict the society of Nazi Germany. Today there is a tendency to retroactively focus on the ghastly results of the Nazi regime (the holocaust, the world war), but to Fromm the evil of the Nazi regime was already obvious. That Nazi society was perverse and authoritarian, with its worship of strength and contempt for the weak, with more sympathy for power than for justice, was sufficient in itself for Fromm to see that no good could come of it.
There is just so much good material in this book, I can't possibly touch on it all. It ties together so many disparate portions of my own thought, and gives voice to so many ideas and feelings that I wasn't sure anyone else had.
Central to this is the notion of the authentic: being true to one's own deeply-held feelings, not hiding them or replacing them with what one "should feel."Actual, original, and true expressions of one's own real, original, human self: that which flows naturally from children, before it's beaten out of them by peers and by school.
The alternative is to police oneself along social lines, replacing self-expression with cold conformity. Every one of these small, daily injustices is an affront to the self, and with sufficient repetition, they kill the heart.
Fromm discusses the interplay of these forces within contemporary society, and their emergence as a consequence of our social organization. He ends on a positive note, explaining how all of these reactionary postures can be avoided by rising to the challenge of individuation, growing as a person, and not surrendering one's self. Fromm suggests that the common picture of good mental health may simply be nothing more than successful adaptation to a sick society; the neurotic, however malajusted, has refused to do so. This anticipates the transition of psychiatry from Freud's position to Marcuse's, and some of Deleuze and Guattari's themes.
Anyway, the whole thing is quite easily readable if a little repetitious at times. The analysis of contemporary society can be a bit dated and obvious to the modern reader. Fromm's psychology carries a bit of Freud with it, which while not fatal to his argument, is perhaps unnecessary. It's a quick read, and I thoroughly recommend it.
This work addresses topics which are very important to me: individuality, authoritarianism, freedom and how it all relates to our modern, democratic society. Fromm draws a causal link between the freedom gained for the individual in the transition to modernity, and the reactionary rise of the authoritarian personality. Fromm brings into his analysis many of the social issues addressed in our contemporary media: the coercion to conform, the desire to be a part of "something greater," the loss of authentic thought and action all emerge as consequences of what he calls "the escape from freedom."
The book is roughly divided into three portions: first is a history of the transition from medieval to modern society, then an analysis of the psychological factors at work in contemporary society, and finally a dissection of authoritarian societies with a vision of potential alternatives. Fromm's basic thesis is that in moving from a regimented, organic medieval society to the comparatively open capitalist society, the individual is placed in an uncertain, possibly frightening state of freedom. This freedom creates a basic psychic tension that the individual then seeks to alleviate through various methods which can be commonplace, neurotic, or empowering.
The whole thing is, for Fromm, analogous to the process of individuation as described by Jung. The youth grows and leaves the nest, by necessity during the emergence of an individual self, which exposes him or her to the dangers and responsibilities of self-directed life. This is the tale of the fall from grace, Adam and Eve ejected from Eden. Similarly, the medieval life represented for people a closer integration with nature and society, womb-like; Fromm even argues that death didn't represent the terrible boogeyman as it does today, being as this was before the creation of the individual as such.
Capitalist society, on the other hand, forces the individual to decide upon his or her own life, creates a freedom of motion and fluidity of social stations, and subjects one's livelihood to the whim of the marketplace. The emergence of early capitalist society is then matched by the emergence of Protestantism (Luther and Calvin), created in response to the changing psychological landscape of modernity. These religions, argues Fromm, attempt to reverse or negate the emergence of the individual by offering psychological / spiritual coping strategies. That this directly leads to the so-called protestant work ethic which enabled the further development of capitalism was precisely Weber's much-celebrated thesis. An important distinction by Fromm here is that religions and worldviews aren't reached by sober, rational reasoning (as early modern philosophers would maintain), but instead arise in response to psychological conflicts, created in part by our social modes.
However, it doesn't end with Protestantism. In contemporary times, one may attempt to flee the responsibility of individuality by recourse to authoritarianism, sadism, and/or masochism, which restore concrete social order ("a place for everything, and everything in its place") but which can never fully or satisfactorily resolve the inner conflict, since nothing can reverse the physical or social condition of individuation.
One of the many things I absolutely loved about this book was that Fromm was writing right around the start of WWII, though before there was widespread public knowledge of the holocaust, yet he did not need evidence of war crimes to seriously indict the society of Nazi Germany. Today there is a tendency to retroactively focus on the ghastly results of the Nazi regime (the holocaust, the world war), but to Fromm the evil of the Nazi regime was already obvious. That Nazi society was perverse and authoritarian, with its worship of strength and contempt for the weak, with more sympathy for power than for justice, was sufficient in itself for Fromm to see that no good could come of it.
There is just so much good material in this book, I can't possibly touch on it all. It ties together so many disparate portions of my own thought, and gives voice to so many ideas and feelings that I wasn't sure anyone else had.
Central to this is the notion of the authentic: being true to one's own deeply-held feelings, not hiding them or replacing them with what one "should feel."Actual, original, and true expressions of one's own real, original, human self: that which flows naturally from children, before it's beaten out of them by peers and by school.
The alternative is to police oneself along social lines, replacing self-expression with cold conformity. Every one of these small, daily injustices is an affront to the self, and with sufficient repetition, they kill the heart.
Fromm discusses the interplay of these forces within contemporary society, and their emergence as a consequence of our social organization. He ends on a positive note, explaining how all of these reactionary postures can be avoided by rising to the challenge of individuation, growing as a person, and not surrendering one's self. Fromm suggests that the common picture of good mental health may simply be nothing more than successful adaptation to a sick society; the neurotic, however malajusted, has refused to do so. This anticipates the transition of psychiatry from Freud's position to Marcuse's, and some of Deleuze and Guattari's themes.
Anyway, the whole thing is quite easily readable if a little repetitious at times. The analysis of contemporary society can be a bit dated and obvious to the modern reader. Fromm's psychology carries a bit of Freud with it, which while not fatal to his argument, is perhaps unnecessary. It's a quick read, and I thoroughly recommend it.
April 3, 2008
My rating of this book varies from one chapter to another. The first chapters explaining the attempts of Lutherism and Calvinism to fill the void freedom created during the early era of capitalism were good. Basically, when the feudal system was being replaced by capitalism, man was more free, but also more isolated and insecure. The solution offered by Protestanism was total submission to God and work as a means of searching for a sign of salvation. That laid the groundwork for the unhealthy mentality of submission or domination as the panacea for the isolation and aloneness in the modern time.
The middle part of the book where Fromm analyses the modern society is not quite original (possibly because his argument has been so popular that I've come across it too many times) and quite repetitive. (the words isolations/ powerlessness/ insignificant were used 3 times per page, which makes them really insignificant/ powerless). In the chapter about the psychology of Fascism, his remark that "as a matter of fact, certain features were characteristic of the middle class: their love of the strong, their hatred of the weak, their pettiness, their hostility" was quite unfounded and arbitrary. The last chapter on democracy and freedom was the best one. I didn't expect Fromm to provide a solution to the miserable state of the modern man, but surprisingly he does. His answer sounds reasonable, attainable and inspirational.
The middle part of the book where Fromm analyses the modern society is not quite original (possibly because his argument has been so popular that I've come across it too many times) and quite repetitive. (the words isolations/ powerlessness/ insignificant were used 3 times per page, which makes them really insignificant/ powerless). In the chapter about the psychology of Fascism, his remark that "as a matter of fact, certain features were characteristic of the middle class: their love of the strong, their hatred of the weak, their pettiness, their hostility" was quite unfounded and arbitrary. The last chapter on democracy and freedom was the best one. I didn't expect Fromm to provide a solution to the miserable state of the modern man, but surprisingly he does. His answer sounds reasonable, attainable and inspirational.
June 11, 2016
Fromm approached the theme of freedom on a multi-perspective basis, drawing insights from historical events, religious dogmas, economic movements, socio-biological and anthropological relationships, and psychological phenomena in understanding how in humanity's quest for freedom and individuality, the price paid is the burden of isolation and alienation - if he has no genuine end on what to do with his new-found 'freedom'. Which then results in a back-and-forth process of seeking back the lost sense of belongingness through submission to a higher authority exemplified in the sado-masochistic personality - a seemingly contradictory characteristic of individuals who seek domination over others and/or submission to someone/something higher in authority.
What is striking was Fromm's drawing of examples from personalities who exhibited these negative characteristics of sadism and masochism from each of the aforementioned perspectives: Luther and Calvin, Hitler - and examined them on the context of their work and the impact they made on whom they exerted influence to.
His view of the phenomena of humanity's alienation and finding ways to escape from the burden of freedom was deeply depressing because he forces the reader to confront the facts, especially on humanity's inability to take responsibility for oneself by either resorting to domination or subjugation.
What is striking was Fromm's drawing of examples from personalities who exhibited these negative characteristics of sadism and masochism from each of the aforementioned perspectives: Luther and Calvin, Hitler - and examined them on the context of their work and the impact they made on whom they exerted influence to.
The mechanism of the new market seemed to resemble the Calvinistic doctrine of predestination, which taught that the individual must make every effort to be good, but that even before his birth, it had been decided whether or not he is to be saved.
His view of the phenomena of humanity's alienation and finding ways to escape from the burden of freedom was deeply depressing because he forces the reader to confront the facts, especially on humanity's inability to take responsibility for oneself by either resorting to domination or subjugation.
July 30, 2023
鬲賵蹖 讴鬲丕亘禺賵賳賴 賳卮爻鬲賴 亘賵丿賲 賵 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕乇蹖讴 賮乇賵賲 乇丕 賲蹖禺賵賳丿賲. 丿賵爻鬲賲 讴賴 賲丿蹖乇蹖鬲 賲丕賱蹖 賲蹖禺賵賳賴 丕賵賲丿 亘丕賱丕蹖 爻乇賲 賵 倬乇爻蹖丿 趩蹖 賲蹖禺賵賳蹖責 噩賱丿 讴鬲丕亘賵 賳卮賵賳卮 丿丕丿賲. 倬乇爻蹖丿 趩蹖 賲蹖诏賴責 讴鬲丕亘 禺賵亘蹖賴責 丿賯蹖賯丕 賴賲賵賳 倬丕乇丕诏乇丕賮蹖 丿丕卮鬲賲 賲蹖禺賵賳丿賲 丕夭 賵爻胤 讴鬲丕亘賵 亘賴卮 诏賮鬲賲 亘禺賵賳賴. 亘丿賵賳 丕蹖賳 讴賴 蹖賴 讴賱賲賴 亘诏賲 亘乇诏丕卮 乇蹖禺鬲 賵 丕夭賲 賯賵賱 诏乇賮鬲 讴賴 賵賯鬲蹖 禺賵賳丿賲 讴鬲丕亘賵 亘丿賲 亘賴卮.(蹖毓賳蹖 丕蹖賳賯丿乇 禺賮賳賴 賴丕)
亘賴 囟乇爻 賯丕胤毓 亘賴 卮賲丕 賲蹖诏賵蹖賲 讴賴 倬爻 丕夭 禺賵丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 丕賳爻丕賳 賮賴賲蹖丿賴 鬲乇貙 賮乇賴蹖禺鬲賴 鬲乇 賵 亘賴 夭賲丕賳賴 禺賵丿丌诏丕賴 鬲乇 賲蹖卮賵蹖丿 賵 賲蹖賮賴賲蹖丿 讴賴 趩賴 讴賱丕賴 賴丕蹖蹖 亘乇 爻乇賲丕賳 乇賮鬲賴 賵 賲丕 丿乇 睾賮賱鬲蹖賲. 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 賮丕乇睾 丕夭 乇卮鬲賴 賵 夭賲蹖賳賴 鬲禺氐氐蹖鬲丕賳 亘丕 丿賯鬲 賵 趩賳丿蹖賳 亘丕乇 亘禺賵丕賳蹖丿 讴賴 賴乇 倬丕乇丕诏乇丕賮卮 丕乇夭卮賲賳丿 賵 丌賲賵夭賳丿賴 丕爻鬲.
鬲賵 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賲蹖丕丿 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖讴賳賴 讴賴 丕夭 夭賲丕賳 賯乇賵賳 賵爻胤蹖 鬲丕 丕賱丕賳 賯丿乇鬲 丕夭 丿爻鬲 讴賱蹖爻丕 亘賴 丿賵賱鬲 賴丕 乇爻蹖丿 亘毓丿 亘賴 賵噩丿丕賳 賴丕 賵 丕賱丕賳 賴賲 亘賴 毓賯蹖丿賴 毓賲賵賲蹖. 丕賳爻丕賳 賴丕 禺蹖賱蹖 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賳 讴賴 丕夭 賯蹖丿賴丕蹖蹖 賲孬賱 讴賱蹖爻丕 賳噩丕鬲 倬蹖丿丕 讴賳賳 丕賲丕 丌夭丕丿 卮丿賳 賴賲丕賳丕 賵 丕丨爻丕爻 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 賵 亘蹖 倬賳丕賴蹖 賴賲丕賳. 賲乇丨賱賴 亘毓丿 丕夭 丕蹖賳 蹖丕 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲賳賮蹖賴 蹖丕 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲孬亘鬲. 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲賳賮蹖 賴賲賵賳 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖賴 讴賴 賯亘賵賱 讴乇丿賳 蹖讴 賯丿乇鬲 亘蹖乇賵賳蹖 禺丕乇噩蹖賴. 賲孬賱 賴賲乇賳诏蹖 賲丕卮蹖賳蹖 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 丿賲賵讴乇丕鬲 蹖丕 鬲爻賱蹖賲 卮丿賳 亘賴 倬蹖卮賵丕 丿乇 噩賵丕賲毓 賮丕卮蹖爻鬲. 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲孬亘鬲 賴賲 禺賵丿丕賳诏蹖禺鬲诏蹖 賵 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賳 禺賵丿 賵丕賯毓蹖賴.
丌夭丕丿蹖 亘賴 賲毓賳丕蹖 丕賵賳趩蹖夭蹖賴 讴賴 亘賴 賴爻鬲蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 讴蹖賮蹖鬲蹖 禺丕氐 賲蹖亘禺卮賴. 丕蹖賳 丕賲乇 丿乇 氐賵乇鬲蹖 賲丨賯賯 賲蹖卮賵丿 讴賴 丕賮讴丕乇 賵 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲 賲丕 丕夭 賳蹖丕夭賴丕蹖 賵丕賯毓蹖賲丕賳 爻乇 亘乇丌賵乇丿.
丿乇 賳馗乇蹖賴 鬲讴丕賲賱 賲賵噩賵丿丕鬲 亘賴 爻賲鬲 賮乇丿蹖鬲 賵 丿賵乇蹖 丕夭 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 乇賮鬲賳丿 趩乇丕讴賴 丕賳爻丕賳 賯賵蹖 鬲乇 卮丿 賵 讴賲鬲乇 亘賴 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 丕丨爻丕爻 賳蹖丕夭 賲蹖讴乇丿.
乇賳爻丕賳爻 爻乇賲丕蹖賴 乇丕 丕夭 賲賯丕賲 禺丕丿賲 亘賴 賲禺丿賵賲 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 丿丕丿.
賲讴鬲亘蹖 倬乇胤乇賮丿丕乇 賲蹖卮賵丿 讴賴 亘蹖賳 賲乇蹖丿 賵 賲乇丕丿賴丕 賴賲爻賳禺蹖 亘丕卮丿 賲孬賱 賱賵鬲乇 賵 讴丕賱賵賳 讴賴 倬乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲蹖爻賲 乇丕 亘丕 賲乇丿賲 爻乇禺賵乇丿賴 丕夭 丿蹖賳 亘賳丕 賳賴丕丿賳丿. 丕賵 丕蹖賲丕賳 乇丕 賲丕賴蹖鬲 亘禺卮 丕賳爻丕賳 賲蹖丿丕賳爻鬲 讴賴 乇賴丕蹖蹖 丿乇 賳丕丕賲賳蹖 乇丕 亘賴 鬲爻賱蹖賲 賲丨囟 禺丿丕 亘賵丿賳 賲蹖丿丕賳爻鬲. 賳馗乇蹖賴 鬲賯丿蹖乇 丕夭賱蹖 讴丕賱賵賳 丕賮乇丕丿 乇丕 亘賴 賳蹖讴賵讴丕乇蹖 賵爻賵丕爻蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賮乇丕乇 丕夭 鬲賯丿蹖乇 亘賴 噩丕蹖 爻賵賯 亘賴 亘賴卮鬲 賴丿丕蹖鬲 賲蹖讴乇丿.
禺賵丿禺賵丕賴 亘賴 鬲丨氐蹖賱 丕卮蹖丕亍 賵 禺賵丿卮蹖賮鬲賴 亘賴 爻鬲丕蹖卮 禺賵丿 賲蹖倬乇丿丕夭丿.
丕賳爻丕賳 噩丿蹖丿 賲丨亘賵亘蹖鬲 乇丕 丿丕乇丕蹖 丕乇夭卮 匕丕鬲蹖 賲蹖丿丕賳丿 賵 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 亘賴丕蹖 賮乇賵禺鬲賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲 禺賵丿 亘丿爻鬲 賲蹖 丌賵乇丿.
噩丕賲毓賴 丕蹖 讴賴 爻毓丕丿鬲 賮乇丿 亘丕 噩丕賲毓賴 丿乇 鬲毓丕乇囟 亘丕卮丿 噩丕賲毓賴 賳賵乇賵鬲蹖讴 丕爻鬲 趩乇丕讴賴 鬲卮讴蹖賱丕鬲 賲禺丕賱賮 禺賵卮亘禺鬲蹖 賲蹖卮賵丿. 丿乇 毓賵囟 噩丕賲毓賴 亘丕蹖丿 卮乇丕蹖胤 賲丨蹖胤蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲孬亘鬲 賲孬賱 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 賵 孬亘丕鬲 卮睾賱蹖 賵 乇賮丕賴 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 丕毓囟丕蹖 禺賵丿 賮乇丕賴賲 丌賵乇丿.
卮賴賵鬲 賯丿乇鬲 鬲賲丕蹖賱蹖 爻丕丿蹖爻鬲蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賮乇丕乇 丕夭 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲. 賲孬賱 丨爻 鬲禺乇蹖亘 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賮乇丕乇 丕夭 丕丨爻丕爻 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲. 賲孬賱 讴丕乇 亘賱丕丕賳賯胤丕毓 丕賳爻丕賳 丕賲乇賵夭 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賮乇丕乇 丕夭 丕囟胤乇丕亘 賵 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲.
丕诏乇 賵丕賱丿蹖賳 賲丕賳毓 丕爻鬲賯賱丕賱 賮乇夭賳丿 卮賵賳丿 毓賯丿賴 丕蹖 丿乇 丕賵 卮讴賱 賲蹖诏蹖乇丿 讴賴 亘賴 噩丕蹖 乇丕賴 丨賱 賲賳胤賯蹖 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 噩丕丿賵 賲蹖诏乇丿丿.
氐賮丕鬲 胤亘賯賴 賲鬲賵爻胤 倬丕蹖蹖賳:
1. 賲丨亘鬲 亘賴 丕賯賵蹖丕
2. 賳賮乇鬲 丕夭 囟毓賮丕
3. 丕丨鬲蹖丕胤 丿乇 亘乇賵夭 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲
4. 亘丿诏賲丕賳蹖 亘賴 亘蹖诏丕賳賴
5. 讴賳噩讴丕賵蹖 賵 丨爻丕丿鬲 亘賴 丌卮賳丕
6. 毓丿賲 賵爻毓鬲 賳馗乇
賮賴賲 賮乇賴賳诏 噩丕賲毓賴 丿乇 诏乇賵 丿乇讴 禺賵蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖(賳鬲蹖噩賴 丕賳胤亘丕賯 倬賵蹖丕蹖 胤亘蹖毓鬲 丕賳爻丕賳 亘丕 爻丕禺鬲賲丕賳 丕噩鬲賲丕毓) 丕爻鬲.
亘賴 囟乇爻 賯丕胤毓 亘賴 卮賲丕 賲蹖诏賵蹖賲 讴賴 倬爻 丕夭 禺賵丕賳丿賳 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 丕賳爻丕賳 賮賴賲蹖丿賴 鬲乇貙 賮乇賴蹖禺鬲賴 鬲乇 賵 亘賴 夭賲丕賳賴 禺賵丿丌诏丕賴 鬲乇 賲蹖卮賵蹖丿 賵 賲蹖賮賴賲蹖丿 讴賴 趩賴 讴賱丕賴 賴丕蹖蹖 亘乇 爻乇賲丕賳 乇賮鬲賴 賵 賲丕 丿乇 睾賮賱鬲蹖賲. 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 賮丕乇睾 丕夭 乇卮鬲賴 賵 夭賲蹖賳賴 鬲禺氐氐蹖鬲丕賳 亘丕 丿賯鬲 賵 趩賳丿蹖賳 亘丕乇 亘禺賵丕賳蹖丿 讴賴 賴乇 倬丕乇丕诏乇丕賮卮 丕乇夭卮賲賳丿 賵 丌賲賵夭賳丿賴 丕爻鬲.
鬲賵 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 賲蹖丕丿 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖讴賳賴 讴賴 丕夭 夭賲丕賳 賯乇賵賳 賵爻胤蹖 鬲丕 丕賱丕賳 賯丿乇鬲 丕夭 丿爻鬲 讴賱蹖爻丕 亘賴 丿賵賱鬲 賴丕 乇爻蹖丿 亘毓丿 亘賴 賵噩丿丕賳 賴丕 賵 丕賱丕賳 賴賲 亘賴 毓賯蹖丿賴 毓賲賵賲蹖. 丕賳爻丕賳 賴丕 禺蹖賱蹖 鬲賱丕卮 讴乇丿賳 讴賴 丕夭 賯蹖丿賴丕蹖蹖 賲孬賱 讴賱蹖爻丕 賳噩丕鬲 倬蹖丿丕 讴賳賳 丕賲丕 丌夭丕丿 卮丿賳 賴賲丕賳丕 賵 丕丨爻丕爻 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 賵 亘蹖 倬賳丕賴蹖 賴賲丕賳. 賲乇丨賱賴 亘毓丿 丕夭 丕蹖賳 蹖丕 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲賳賮蹖賴 蹖丕 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲孬亘鬲. 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲賳賮蹖 賴賲賵賳 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖賴 讴賴 賯亘賵賱 讴乇丿賳 蹖讴 賯丿乇鬲 亘蹖乇賵賳蹖 禺丕乇噩蹖賴. 賲孬賱 賴賲乇賳诏蹖 賲丕卮蹖賳蹖 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 丿賲賵讴乇丕鬲 蹖丕 鬲爻賱蹖賲 卮丿賳 亘賴 倬蹖卮賵丕 丿乇 噩賵丕賲毓 賮丕卮蹖爻鬲. 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲孬亘鬲 賴賲 禺賵丿丕賳诏蹖禺鬲诏蹖 賵 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賳 禺賵丿 賵丕賯毓蹖賴.
丌夭丕丿蹖 亘賴 賲毓賳丕蹖 丕賵賳趩蹖夭蹖賴 讴賴 亘賴 賴爻鬲蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 讴蹖賮蹖鬲蹖 禺丕氐 賲蹖亘禺卮賴. 丕蹖賳 丕賲乇 丿乇 氐賵乇鬲蹖 賲丨賯賯 賲蹖卮賵丿 讴賴 丕賮讴丕乇 賵 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲 賲丕 丕夭 賳蹖丕夭賴丕蹖 賵丕賯毓蹖賲丕賳 爻乇 亘乇丌賵乇丿.
丿乇 賳馗乇蹖賴 鬲讴丕賲賱 賲賵噩賵丿丕鬲 亘賴 爻賲鬲 賮乇丿蹖鬲 賵 丿賵乇蹖 丕夭 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 乇賮鬲賳丿 趩乇丕讴賴 丕賳爻丕賳 賯賵蹖 鬲乇 卮丿 賵 讴賲鬲乇 亘賴 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 丕丨爻丕爻 賳蹖丕夭 賲蹖讴乇丿.
乇賳爻丕賳爻 爻乇賲丕蹖賴 乇丕 丕夭 賲賯丕賲 禺丕丿賲 亘賴 賲禺丿賵賲 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 丿丕丿.
賲讴鬲亘蹖 倬乇胤乇賮丿丕乇 賲蹖卮賵丿 讴賴 亘蹖賳 賲乇蹖丿 賵 賲乇丕丿賴丕 賴賲爻賳禺蹖 亘丕卮丿 賲孬賱 賱賵鬲乇 賵 讴丕賱賵賳 讴賴 倬乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲蹖爻賲 乇丕 亘丕 賲乇丿賲 爻乇禺賵乇丿賴 丕夭 丿蹖賳 亘賳丕 賳賴丕丿賳丿. 丕賵 丕蹖賲丕賳 乇丕 賲丕賴蹖鬲 亘禺卮 丕賳爻丕賳 賲蹖丿丕賳爻鬲 讴賴 乇賴丕蹖蹖 丿乇 賳丕丕賲賳蹖 乇丕 亘賴 鬲爻賱蹖賲 賲丨囟 禺丿丕 亘賵丿賳 賲蹖丿丕賳爻鬲. 賳馗乇蹖賴 鬲賯丿蹖乇 丕夭賱蹖 讴丕賱賵賳 丕賮乇丕丿 乇丕 亘賴 賳蹖讴賵讴丕乇蹖 賵爻賵丕爻蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賮乇丕乇 丕夭 鬲賯丿蹖乇 亘賴 噩丕蹖 爻賵賯 亘賴 亘賴卮鬲 賴丿丕蹖鬲 賲蹖讴乇丿.
禺賵丿禺賵丕賴 亘賴 鬲丨氐蹖賱 丕卮蹖丕亍 賵 禺賵丿卮蹖賮鬲賴 亘賴 爻鬲丕蹖卮 禺賵丿 賲蹖倬乇丿丕夭丿.
丕賳爻丕賳 噩丿蹖丿 賲丨亘賵亘蹖鬲 乇丕 丿丕乇丕蹖 丕乇夭卮 匕丕鬲蹖 賲蹖丿丕賳丿 賵 丌賳 乇丕 亘賴 亘賴丕蹖 賮乇賵禺鬲賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲 禺賵丿 亘丿爻鬲 賲蹖 丌賵乇丿.
噩丕賲毓賴 丕蹖 讴賴 爻毓丕丿鬲 賮乇丿 亘丕 噩丕賲毓賴 丿乇 鬲毓丕乇囟 亘丕卮丿 噩丕賲毓賴 賳賵乇賵鬲蹖讴 丕爻鬲 趩乇丕讴賴 鬲卮讴蹖賱丕鬲 賲禺丕賱賮 禺賵卮亘禺鬲蹖 賲蹖卮賵丿. 丿乇 毓賵囟 噩丕賲毓賴 亘丕蹖丿 卮乇丕蹖胤 賲丨蹖胤蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲孬亘鬲 賲孬賱 丿賲賵讴乇丕爻蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 賵 丕賯鬲氐丕丿蹖 賵 孬亘丕鬲 卮睾賱蹖 賵 乇賮丕賴 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 丕毓囟丕蹖 禺賵丿 賮乇丕賴賲 丌賵乇丿.
卮賴賵鬲 賯丿乇鬲 鬲賲丕蹖賱蹖 爻丕丿蹖爻鬲蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賮乇丕乇 丕夭 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲. 賲孬賱 丨爻 鬲禺乇蹖亘 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賮乇丕乇 丕夭 丕丨爻丕爻 賳丕鬲賵丕賳蹖 丕爻鬲. 賲孬賱 讴丕乇 亘賱丕丕賳賯胤丕毓 丕賳爻丕賳 丕賲乇賵夭 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賮乇丕乇 丕夭 丕囟胤乇丕亘 賵 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 丕爻鬲.
丕诏乇 賵丕賱丿蹖賳 賲丕賳毓 丕爻鬲賯賱丕賱 賮乇夭賳丿 卮賵賳丿 毓賯丿賴 丕蹖 丿乇 丕賵 卮讴賱 賲蹖诏蹖乇丿 讴賴 亘賴 噩丕蹖 乇丕賴 丨賱 賲賳胤賯蹖 亘賴 丿賳亘丕賱 噩丕丿賵 賲蹖诏乇丿丿.
氐賮丕鬲 胤亘賯賴 賲鬲賵爻胤 倬丕蹖蹖賳:
1. 賲丨亘鬲 亘賴 丕賯賵蹖丕
2. 賳賮乇鬲 丕夭 囟毓賮丕
3. 丕丨鬲蹖丕胤 丿乇 亘乇賵夭 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲
4. 亘丿诏賲丕賳蹖 亘賴 亘蹖诏丕賳賴
5. 讴賳噩讴丕賵蹖 賵 丨爻丕丿鬲 亘賴 丌卮賳丕
6. 毓丿賲 賵爻毓鬲 賳馗乇
賮賴賲 賮乇賴賳诏 噩丕賲毓賴 丿乇 诏乇賵 丿乇讴 禺賵蹖 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖(賳鬲蹖噩賴 丕賳胤亘丕賯 倬賵蹖丕蹖 胤亘蹖毓鬲 丕賳爻丕賳 亘丕 爻丕禺鬲賲丕賳 丕噩鬲賲丕毓) 丕爻鬲.
May 9, 2017
亘毓丿 氐毓賵丿 丕賱丨夭亘 丕賱賳丕夭賷 賮賷 兀賱賲丕賳賷丕 , 賱丕丨馗 賮乇賵賲 丕賱賴夭丞 丕賱毓賳賷賮丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賱賯鬲賴丕 賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 毓賱賶 賷丿 丕賱卮毓亘 賵丕賱賳禺亘丞 丕賱賲孬賯賮丞 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 鬲丨丕乇亘 爻丕亘賯丕賸 賵賱賯乇賵賳 賲賳 兀噩賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賮廿匕丕 亘賴丕 鬲毓賵丿 丕賱賯賴賯乇賶 賵鬲賳賯賱亘 毓賱賶 賲丕 賰丕賳鬲 鬲毓鬲亘乇賴 賲賯丿爻丕賸 賵丨賯丕賸 賱丕 鬲賳丕夭賱 毓賳賴 賱兀噩賱 賵毓賵丿 亘丕賱兀賲賳 賵丕賱兀爻鬲賯乇丕乇 賵鬲丨爻賷賳 丕賱賵囟毓 丕賱兀賯鬲氐丕丿賷
丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 兀賵 丕賱賴乇賵亘 丕賱噩賲毓賷 賲賳 丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷丞 賷毓丕賱噩賴 賮乇賵賲 賲賳 丕賱賳丕丨賷丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺丞 賵丕賱賳賮爻賷丞 賵丕賱廿噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 亘毓賯賱賷丞 賳賯丿賷丞 賵賮賱爻賮賷丞 賵丕毓賷丞 賵鬲丨賱賷賱 亘丕乇毓 賱賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 亘賵氐賮賴丕 丕賱賲丕丿丞 丕賱兀賰孬乇 噩丿賱丕賸 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱賲鬲兀禺乇丞..
賲丕 賷賴賲賳丕 賮賷 賵賷卮丿賳丕 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賴賵 鬲爻賱賷胤 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賶 賵丕賯毓賳丕 丕賱賲毓丕氐乇 賵禺丕氐丞 亘毓丿 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 丨丿孬鬲 賮賷 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 孬賲 丕賱乇噩賵毓 丕賱毓賰爻賷 丕賱賶 丕賱賵乇丕亍 賵兀爻鬲亘丿丕賱 丕賱兀賳馗賲丞 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 亘兀賳馗賲丞 兀亘卮毓 賵兀賰孬乇 鬲爻賱胤丕賸 賵賯賲毓丕賸 賱賱丨乇賷丕鬲 賲賳 爻丕亘賯鬲賴丕, 賵賴賷 賳賮爻賴丕 丕賱卮毓賵亘 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲鬲 亘丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 兀毓丕丿鬲 丕賱兀賳馗賲丞 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷丞 丕賱丿賰鬲丕鬲賵乇賷丞 賱賱丨賰賲 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 氐賳丕丿賷賯 丕賱廿賯鬲乇丕毓 , 賰賲丕 丨丿孬 賮賷 賲氐乇 賵鬲賵賳爻 賲孬賱丕賸..
賷購賳氐丨 亘賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 ..
丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 兀賵 丕賱賴乇賵亘 丕賱噩賲毓賷 賲賳 丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷丞 賷毓丕賱噩賴 賮乇賵賲 賲賳 丕賱賳丕丨賷丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺丞 賵丕賱賳賮爻賷丞 賵丕賱廿噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 亘毓賯賱賷丞 賳賯丿賷丞 賵賮賱爻賮賷丞 賵丕毓賷丞 賵鬲丨賱賷賱 亘丕乇毓 賱賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 亘賵氐賮賴丕 丕賱賲丕丿丞 丕賱兀賰孬乇 噩丿賱丕賸 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱賲鬲兀禺乇丞..
賲丕 賷賴賲賳丕 賮賷 賵賷卮丿賳丕 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賴賵 鬲爻賱賷胤 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賶 賵丕賯毓賳丕 丕賱賲毓丕氐乇 賵禺丕氐丞 亘毓丿 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 丨丿孬鬲 賮賷 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 孬賲 丕賱乇噩賵毓 丕賱毓賰爻賷 丕賱賶 丕賱賵乇丕亍 賵兀爻鬲亘丿丕賱 丕賱兀賳馗賲丞 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 亘兀賳馗賲丞 兀亘卮毓 賵兀賰孬乇 鬲爻賱胤丕賸 賵賯賲毓丕賸 賱賱丨乇賷丕鬲 賲賳 爻丕亘賯鬲賴丕, 賵賴賷 賳賮爻賴丕 丕賱卮毓賵亘 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲鬲 亘丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 兀毓丕丿鬲 丕賱兀賳馗賲丞 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷丞 丕賱丿賰鬲丕鬲賵乇賷丞 賱賱丨賰賲 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 氐賳丕丿賷賯 丕賱廿賯鬲乇丕毓 , 賰賲丕 丨丿孬 賮賷 賲氐乇 賵鬲賵賳爻 賲孬賱丕賸..
賷購賳氐丨 亘賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 ..
February 19, 2022
賷賮鬲乇囟 兀賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賴賷 兀孬賲賳 賲丕 賷賲賱賰 丕賱卮禺氐. 廿匕丕 賰丕賳 賴匕丕 丕賱丕賮鬲乇丕囟 氐丨賷丨丕賸貙 賮賱賲 廿匕賳 賷鬲禺賱賶 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 毓賳賴丕 亘賰賱 爻賴賵賱丞貙 亘賱 賱乇亘賲丕 囟丕賯 亘丕賱丨乇賷丞 匕乇毓丕賸 賵鬲賲賳賶 兀賳賴 賱賲 賷賲鬲賰賱賴丕責
賷爻鬲賰卮賮 賮乇賵賲 賮賷 "丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞" 兀爻亘丕亘 鬲禺賱賷 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 毓賳 丨乇賷鬲賴 賵胤乇賯 賴乇賵亘賴 賲賳賴丕. 賷爻鬲賲丿 賮乇賵賲 丕賮鬲乇丕囟丕鬲賴 賲賳 毓賱賲 丕賱賳賮爻貙 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵毓賱賲 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓 賮賷 賳氐 乇氐賷賳 賲鬲賲丕爻賰 賱丕 賷鬲爻賲 亘丕賱鬲毓賯賷丿 丕賱卮丿賷丿.
賷乇賶 賮乇賵賲 亘兀賳 丨賯亘 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 卮賴丿鬲 賲爻鬲賵賷丕鬲 兀賯賱 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 亘爻亘亘 丕賳鬲賲丕亍 丕賱賮乇丿 賱胤丕卅賮鬲賴 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞貙 賯亘賷賱鬲賴 兀賵 兀爻乇鬲賴貙 賵亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 賮兀賮賰丕乇賴 賵賯乇丕乇丕鬲賴 賲鬲賯賷丿丞 亘賴賲. 賮賷賲丕 亘毓丿貙 賵賱兀爻亘丕亘 卮鬲賶 賲孬賱 囟毓賮 爻胤賵丞 丕賱賰賳爻賷丞貙 賵丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丞 賵丕賱丨丿丕孬丞貙 賮賯丿 鬲丨乇乇 丕賱賮乇丿 賲賳 爻賱胤丞 丕賱賲丐爻爻丞 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賵丕賱兀爻乇丞 賵丕賱胤丕卅賮丞. 亘丿賱丕賸 賲賳 兀賳 賷丨鬲賮賷 丕賱兀睾賱亘 亘賴匕賴 丕賱丨乇賷丞貙 廿匕丕 亘賴賲 賷卮毓乇賵賳 亘丕賱禺賵丕亍 賵丕賱賯賱賯 賵丕賱囟賷丕毓.
丨爻亘 賮乇賵賲貙 賮廿賳 丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 鬲賳鬲噩 毓賳賴 兀毓乇丕囟 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賲賳賴丕 丕賱爻丕丿賷丞 兀賵 丕賱賲丕夭賵禺賷丞 亘丕賱廿囟丕賮丞 廿賱賶 丕毓鬲賱丕賱丕鬲 賳賮爻賷丞 兀賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 兀禺乇賶. 賵賮賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞貙 賷賮鬲乇囟 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘兀賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱毓氐乇賷貙 賮賷 賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賵賯丕鬲貙 賷毓賷卮 賵賴賲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賱丕 丕賱丨乇賷丞 匕丕鬲賴丕貙 賲丕 賷賳鬲噩 毓賳賴 丕賳毓丿丕賲 丕賱兀氐丕賱丞 賵丕鬲亘丕毓 丕賱賯胤賷毓.
丕賱賳氐 賲賮毓賲 亘丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賵丕賱賮賰乇賷丞 賲丐胤乇丞 亘鬲丨賱賷賱丕鬲 賳賮爻賷丞 賵丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞. 鬲賵賯毓鬲 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 兀賮囟賱貙 賮賯丿 丕丨鬲賱鬲 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 兀睾賱亘 賲爻丕丨丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 匕賱賰 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 賯丿 賲乇丞 毓賱賷 賮賷 賰鬲亘 兀禺乇賶. 亘氐賮丞 毓丕賲丞貙 兀毓噩亘賳賷 胤乇丨 賮乇賵賲 賵賮賽賰乇賴貙 賵賯丿 兀爻毓賶 賱賱賯丕亍 亘賴 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賶 毓賱賶 氐賮丨丕鬲 賰鬲丕亘 丌禺乇.
賷爻鬲賰卮賮 賮乇賵賲 賮賷 "丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞" 兀爻亘丕亘 鬲禺賱賷 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 毓賳 丨乇賷鬲賴 賵胤乇賯 賴乇賵亘賴 賲賳賴丕. 賷爻鬲賲丿 賮乇賵賲 丕賮鬲乇丕囟丕鬲賴 賲賳 毓賱賲 丕賱賳賮爻貙 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵毓賱賲 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓 賮賷 賳氐 乇氐賷賳 賲鬲賲丕爻賰 賱丕 賷鬲爻賲 亘丕賱鬲毓賯賷丿 丕賱卮丿賷丿.
賷乇賶 賮乇賵賲 亘兀賳 丨賯亘 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞 卮賴丿鬲 賲爻鬲賵賷丕鬲 兀賯賱 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 亘爻亘亘 丕賳鬲賲丕亍 丕賱賮乇丿 賱胤丕卅賮鬲賴 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞貙 賯亘賷賱鬲賴 兀賵 兀爻乇鬲賴貙 賵亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 賮兀賮賰丕乇賴 賵賯乇丕乇丕鬲賴 賲鬲賯賷丿丞 亘賴賲. 賮賷賲丕 亘毓丿貙 賵賱兀爻亘丕亘 卮鬲賶 賲孬賱 囟毓賮 爻胤賵丞 丕賱賰賳爻賷丞貙 賵丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丞 賵丕賱丨丿丕孬丞貙 賮賯丿 鬲丨乇乇 丕賱賮乇丿 賲賳 爻賱胤丞 丕賱賲丐爻爻丞 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賵丕賱兀爻乇丞 賵丕賱胤丕卅賮丞. 亘丿賱丕賸 賲賳 兀賳 賷丨鬲賮賷 丕賱兀睾賱亘 亘賴匕賴 丕賱丨乇賷丞貙 廿匕丕 亘賴賲 賷卮毓乇賵賳 亘丕賱禺賵丕亍 賵丕賱賯賱賯 賵丕賱囟賷丕毓.
丨爻亘 賮乇賵賲貙 賮廿賳 丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 鬲賳鬲噩 毓賳賴 兀毓乇丕囟 賲禺鬲賱賮丞 賲賳賴丕 丕賱爻丕丿賷丞 兀賵 丕賱賲丕夭賵禺賷丞 亘丕賱廿囟丕賮丞 廿賱賶 丕毓鬲賱丕賱丕鬲 賳賮爻賷丞 兀賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 兀禺乇賶. 賵賮賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞貙 賷賮鬲乇囟 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘兀賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱毓氐乇賷貙 賮賷 賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱兀賵賯丕鬲貙 賷毓賷卮 賵賴賲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賱丕 丕賱丨乇賷丞 匕丕鬲賴丕貙 賲丕 賷賳鬲噩 毓賳賴 丕賳毓丿丕賲 丕賱兀氐丕賱丞 賵丕鬲亘丕毓 丕賱賯胤賷毓.
丕賱賳氐 賲賮毓賲 亘丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賵丕賱賮賰乇賷丞 賲丐胤乇丞 亘鬲丨賱賷賱丕鬲 賳賮爻賷丞 賵丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞. 鬲賵賯毓鬲 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 兀賮囟賱貙 賮賯丿 丕丨鬲賱鬲 丕賱丿乇丕爻丞 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 兀睾賱亘 賲爻丕丨丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 匕賱賰 丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 賯丿 賲乇丞 毓賱賷 賮賷 賰鬲亘 兀禺乇賶. 亘氐賮丞 毓丕賲丞貙 兀毓噩亘賳賷 胤乇丨 賮乇賵賲 賵賮賽賰乇賴貙 賵賯丿 兀爻毓賶 賱賱賯丕亍 亘賴 賲乇丞 兀禺乇賶 毓賱賶 氐賮丨丕鬲 賰鬲丕亘 丌禺乇.
October 25, 2023
丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬 鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 賯賷賵丿 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱丕賯胤丕毓賷 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱爻丕丿爻 毓卮乇 賵 亘氐賵乇丞 兀賰亘乇 亘毓丿 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷丞 丕賱賰亘乇賷 賮賷 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱孬丕賲賳 毓卮乇 賵 禺氐賵氐丕 賮賷 馗賱 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 賵 兀氐亘丨 賲賳 丨賯賴 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 賮乇丿丕 賲爻鬲賯賱丕 賷賲賱賰 丕乇丕丿鬲賴 賵 丕禺鬲賷丕乇丕鬲賴 兀賷丕 賰丕賳鬲 胤亘賯鬲賴 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞. 賵 賲毓 匕賱賰 賮賯丿 賮賯丿 賮賷 丕賱賲賯丕亘賱 丕賱丕丨爻丕爻 亘丕賱兀賲丕賳 丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳鬲 鬲賵賮乇賴 賱賴 胤亘賯鬲賴 兀賵 噩賲丕毓鬲賴 丕賱鬲賷 賷賳鬲賲賷 廿賱賷賴丕.賵 乇睾賲 兀賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 噩賱亘鬲 賱賴 丕賱丕爻鬲賯賱丕賱賷丞 賵 賱賰賳 氐丕丨亘 鬲賱賰 丕賱丕爻鬲賯賱丕賱賷丞 丕賱丕丨爻丕爻 亘丕賱毓夭賱丞 賵 丕賱賯賱賯 賵 丕賱毓噩夭.賵 賱賰賷 賷鬲睾賱亘 丕賱賮乇丿 毓賱賶 鬲賱賰 丕賱丕丨丕爻賷爻 賰丕賳鬲 丕禺鬲賷丕乇丕鬲賴 賲丨丿賵丿丞 亘賱 賵 鬲賳丨氐乇 賮賷 丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞. 賵 賴賵 賴賳丕 賴乇賵亘丕 丨賯賷賯賷丕 賱丕 賲噩丕夭賷丕 賵 賷鬲賲 亘廿乇丕丿鬲賴 丕賱鬲丕賲丞 賵 賱賰賳 賱丨爻賳 丕賱丨馗 賮賯丿 兀鬲賷丨 賱賳丕 丕鬲噩丕賴賷賳 賲禺鬲賱賮賷賳 賱賴匕丕 丕賱賴乇賵亘. 賮賴賵 廿賲丕 賴乇賵亘丕 廿賱賶 丕賱兀賲丕賲 賳丨賵 丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵 賲賳 孬賲 丨乇賷丞 鬲丕賲丞 亘賱丕 賯賱賯 賵 賱丕 毓夭賱丞 賵 賱丕 禺賵賮 賲賳 丕賱賲噩賴賵賱 兀賵 賴乇賵亘 廿賱賶 丕賱禺賱賮 賵 賴賵 賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丨賲賱 丕賱丨乇賷丞 亘丕賱亘丨孬 毓賳 噩賲丕毓丞 噩丿賷丿丞 賷賳鬲賲賷 廿賱賷賴丕 賵 禺囟賵毓 噩丿賷丿 賲孬賱賲丕 賷丨丿孬 賱賱卮毓賵亘 毓賳丿 丕賳鬲賰丕爻 丕賱孬賵乇丕鬲 賵 亘丿賱丕 賲賳 丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇 丕賱廿賷噩丕亘賷 丕賱孬賵乇賷 鬲賮乇夭 賱賳丕 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丿賷賰鬲丕鬲賵乇丕 噩丿賷丿丕.
亘丿賵賳 丕賱丿禺賵賱 賮賷 鬲賮丕氐賷賱 兀賵 鬲毓賯賷丿丕鬲 兀賵 卮乇賵丨丕鬲 賲胤賵賱丞. 賴匕丕 賴賵 鬲丨丿賷丿丕 賲丕 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳賴 丕乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱氐丕丿乇 兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 賵 丕賱鬲賷 丨丕賵賱 賮賷賴丕 丕賱廿噩丕亘丞 毓賱賶 丕賱爻丐丕賱 丕賱氐毓亘.賰賷賮 賱卮毓亘 賲孬賯賮 賵 賲鬲賮賱爻賮 賵 賲鬲毓賱賲 賰丕賱卮毓亘 丕賱兀賱賲丕賳賷 兀賳 賷賳爻丕賯 丨賵賱 丕丿毓丕亍丕鬲 賴鬲賱乇 賵 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賵 賷丐賲賳 亘賴丕 賵 賷丿丕賮毓 毓賳賴丕 賱丿乇噩丞 丕賱賵賯賵賮 賮賷 賵噩賴 丕賱毓丕賱賲 兀噩賲毓責 賵 賰賷賮 賱賱賮丕卮賷丞 兀賳 鬲賳鬲氐乇 賮賷 馗賱 賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 丨乇丞 賮賷氐亘丨 丕賱卮毓亘 亘兀爻乇賴 賲爻賱賵亘 丕賱廿乇丕丿丞 賷爻賷乇 賲睾賲囟 丕賱毓賷賳賷賳 禺賱賮 丨丕賰賲賴 丕賱兀賵丨丿 賵 丨夭亘賴 丕賱賲丐鬲賲乇 亘兀賲乇賴.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 噩賷丿 噩丿丕 賵 賱賰賳賴 賮賷 丕賱賵賯鬲 賳賮爻賴 氐毓亘 賵 鬲乇噩賲鬲賴 賱賷爻鬲 兀賮囟賱 賲丕 賷賲賰賳.
亘丿賵賳 丕賱丿禺賵賱 賮賷 鬲賮丕氐賷賱 兀賵 鬲毓賯賷丿丕鬲 兀賵 卮乇賵丨丕鬲 賲胤賵賱丞. 賴匕丕 賴賵 鬲丨丿賷丿丕 賲丕 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳賴 丕乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱氐丕丿乇 兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 賵 丕賱鬲賷 丨丕賵賱 賮賷賴丕 丕賱廿噩丕亘丞 毓賱賶 丕賱爻丐丕賱 丕賱氐毓亘.賰賷賮 賱卮毓亘 賲孬賯賮 賵 賲鬲賮賱爻賮 賵 賲鬲毓賱賲 賰丕賱卮毓亘 丕賱兀賱賲丕賳賷 兀賳 賷賳爻丕賯 丨賵賱 丕丿毓丕亍丕鬲 賴鬲賱乇 賵 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賵 賷丐賲賳 亘賴丕 賵 賷丿丕賮毓 毓賳賴丕 賱丿乇噩丞 丕賱賵賯賵賮 賮賷 賵噩賴 丕賱毓丕賱賲 兀噩賲毓責 賵 賰賷賮 賱賱賮丕卮賷丞 兀賳 鬲賳鬲氐乇 賮賷 馗賱 賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 丨乇丞 賮賷氐亘丨 丕賱卮毓亘 亘兀爻乇賴 賲爻賱賵亘 丕賱廿乇丕丿丞 賷爻賷乇 賲睾賲囟 丕賱毓賷賳賷賳 禺賱賮 丨丕賰賲賴 丕賱兀賵丨丿 賵 丨夭亘賴 丕賱賲丐鬲賲乇 亘兀賲乇賴.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 噩賷丿 噩丿丕 賵 賱賰賳賴 賮賷 丕賱賵賯鬲 賳賮爻賴 氐毓亘 賵 鬲乇噩賲鬲賴 賱賷爻鬲 兀賮囟賱 賲丕 賷賲賰賳.
March 4, 2017
賷毓乇囟 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賲丕 賵丕噩賴賴 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賮賷 毓夭賱鬲賴 亘毓丿 鬲丨乇賾乇賴貙 賵賲丕 賷賯賵賲 亘賴 毓賱賶 丕賱賲爻鬲賵賶 丕賱卮禺氐賷 賵丕丕賱噩賲毓賷 賱賱賴乇賵亘 鈥徺呝� 毓夭賱鬲賴 賵賵丨丿鬲賴 (丨乇賾賷鬲賴). 賵賷賲賷賾夭 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 亘賷賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱廿賷噩丕亘賷丞 賵丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱爻賱亘賷丞 賱丕 亘賲毓賳丕賴丕 丕賱爻胤丨賷 鈥徹з勜Ｘ勜з傎娯� 亘賱 亘亘購毓丿賴丕 丕賱賳賮爻賷 賵丕賱賮賱爻賮賷. 鈥�
賵賷兀禺匕賳丕 (賮乇賵賲) 賮賷 乇丨賱丞 鬲丨賱賷賱賺 賳賮爻賷 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷 賵兀賷丿賵賱賵噩賷丕鬲賴 (賮賰乇丕賳賷丕鬲賴) 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賵丕賱賯賵賲賷丞.
鈥�
賮賳乇賶-賲孬賱丕賸- 鬲丨賱賷賱丕賸 賱賱賵孬乇賷丞 賵丕賱賰丕賱賮賷賳賷丞 賵丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賵丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞貙 賵賲丕 賷賯亘毓 賮賷 兀毓賲丕賯 賲孬賱 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賷丿賵賱賵噩賷丕鬲 鈥徺呝� 丕爻鬲噩丕亘丕鬲 賵丿賵丕賮毓 鬲爻賱胤賷丞 賵鬲丿賲賷乇賷丞 賵丌賱賷丞. 鈥�
賵賲賳 兀賴賲賾 兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷 賮賰乇丞賹 賰賳鬲 兀胤亘賾賯賴丕 賲賳 賯亘賱 賮賷 鬲兀賲賾賱賷 賮賷 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱丨夭亘賷丞 賵丕賱賲匕賴亘賷丞 賵兀賲丕賰賳 鈥徹з嗀簇ж辟囏� 噩睾乇丕賮賷賸丕 賵丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷賸丕. 賵禺賱丕氐鬲賴丕 兀賳賾 賴賳丕賰 兀爻亘丕亘賸丕 賳賮爻賷丞 賵乇丕亍 鬲賵賱賾丿 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賮賷 匕賴賳 賲賳鬲噩賴丕貙 賵賵乇丕亍 鬲亘賳賾賷賴丕 鈥徺呝� 賯亘賱 兀鬲亘丕毓賴丕. 鈥�
兀賯賵賲 毓丕丿丞賸 亘丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 兀賯賱丕賲 丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲 丕賱氐賮乇丕亍 兀孬賳丕亍 賯乇丕亍鬲賷 賱賱賰鬲亘 賱鬲毓賱賷賲 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 兀賵 丕賱噩賲賱 丕賱噩賵賴乇賷丞貙 賵乇亘賲丕 鬲賲乇賾 鈥徹з勜蒂佖� 鬲賱賵 丕賱氐賮丨丞 亘賱丕 兀賷 毓賱丕賲丞. 兀賲賾丕 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賯丿 賮丕噩兀賳賷 亘賲爻丕丨鬲賴 丕賱氐賮乇丕亍 丕賱噩丿賷丿丞貙 賵亘賷賳賴丕 噩夭乇 賯賱賷賱丞 鈥徺呚嗀ж必� 賲賲丕 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 鬲乇丕賴 兀賯賱賾 兀賴賲賷丞 兀賵 賲乇賰夭賷丞. 鈥�
賷丕 賱賰 賲賳 賲賮賰賾乇 賷丕 (廿賷乇賷卮 賮乇賵賲)!鈥�
賲賱丕丨馗丞 兀禺賷乇丞: 賱賲 鬲乇賯賻 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 廿賱賶 賲爻鬲賵賶 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵兀賴賲賷丞 兀賮賰丕乇賴貙 賵賱丕 丕賱氐賷丕睾丕鬲 丕賱賱睾賵賷丞 賱賱賲鬲乇噩賲貙 賰賲丕 兀賳賾 丕賱禺賱賱 丕賱賵丕囟丨 賮賷 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 毓賱丕賲丕鬲 賰丕賳 賵丕囟丨賸丕 賵賲賯賷鬲賸丕 賵賲乇亘賰賸丕 賱賱兀爻賮.
賵賷兀禺匕賳丕 (賮乇賵賲) 賮賷 乇丨賱丞 鬲丨賱賷賱賺 賳賮爻賷 賱賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀賵乇賵亘賷 賵兀賷丿賵賱賵噩賷丕鬲賴 (賮賰乇丕賳賷丕鬲賴) 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賵丕賱賯賵賲賷丞.
鈥�
賮賳乇賶-賲孬賱丕賸- 鬲丨賱賷賱丕賸 賱賱賵孬乇賷丞 賵丕賱賰丕賱賮賷賳賷丞 賵丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賵丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞貙 賵賲丕 賷賯亘毓 賮賷 兀毓賲丕賯 賲孬賱 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賷丿賵賱賵噩賷丕鬲 鈥徺呝� 丕爻鬲噩丕亘丕鬲 賵丿賵丕賮毓 鬲爻賱胤賷丞 賵鬲丿賲賷乇賷丞 賵丌賱賷丞. 鈥�
賵賲賳 兀賴賲賾 兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷 賮賰乇丞賹 賰賳鬲 兀胤亘賾賯賴丕 賲賳 賯亘賱 賮賷 鬲兀賲賾賱賷 賮賷 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱丨夭亘賷丞 賵丕賱賲匕賴亘賷丞 賵兀賲丕賰賳 鈥徹з嗀簇ж辟囏� 噩睾乇丕賮賷賸丕 賵丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷賸丕. 賵禺賱丕氐鬲賴丕 兀賳賾 賴賳丕賰 兀爻亘丕亘賸丕 賳賮爻賷丞 賵乇丕亍 鬲賵賱賾丿 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 賮賷 匕賴賳 賲賳鬲噩賴丕貙 賵賵乇丕亍 鬲亘賳賾賷賴丕 鈥徺呝� 賯亘賱 兀鬲亘丕毓賴丕. 鈥�
兀賯賵賲 毓丕丿丞賸 亘丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 兀賯賱丕賲 丕賱鬲毓賱賷賲 丕賱氐賮乇丕亍 兀孬賳丕亍 賯乇丕亍鬲賷 賱賱賰鬲亘 賱鬲毓賱賷賲 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 兀賵 丕賱噩賲賱 丕賱噩賵賴乇賷丞貙 賵乇亘賲丕 鬲賲乇賾 鈥徹з勜蒂佖� 鬲賱賵 丕賱氐賮丨丞 亘賱丕 兀賷 毓賱丕賲丞. 兀賲賾丕 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賯丿 賮丕噩兀賳賷 亘賲爻丕丨鬲賴 丕賱氐賮乇丕亍 丕賱噩丿賷丿丞貙 賵亘賷賳賴丕 噩夭乇 賯賱賷賱丞 鈥徺呚嗀ж必� 賲賲丕 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 鬲乇丕賴 兀賯賱賾 兀賴賲賷丞 兀賵 賲乇賰夭賷丞. 鈥�
賷丕 賱賰 賲賳 賲賮賰賾乇 賷丕 (廿賷乇賷卮 賮乇賵賲)!鈥�
賲賱丕丨馗丞 兀禺賷乇丞: 賱賲 鬲乇賯賻 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 廿賱賶 賲爻鬲賵賶 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵兀賴賲賷丞 兀賮賰丕乇賴貙 賵賱丕 丕賱氐賷丕睾丕鬲 丕賱賱睾賵賷丞 賱賱賲鬲乇噩賲貙 賰賲丕 兀賳賾 丕賱禺賱賱 丕賱賵丕囟丨 賮賷 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 毓賱丕賲丕鬲 賰丕賳 賵丕囟丨賸丕 賵賲賯賷鬲賸丕 賵賲乇亘賰賸丕 賱賱兀爻賮.
April 16, 2024
Staggering.
Brilliant start to finish.
Fromm was a genius.
Sadly though...
If you swap concerns regarding the cold war for catastrophic global climate change, then.....
This book could have been written yesterday.
Winston Churchill famously said 鈥渢hose who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it.鈥�
I would add (if I may) 鈥渁nd sometimes, so are those who do鈥�.
My point being:
Just because you know history and have learned from it, doesn鈥檛 mean your neighbor has.
Just because you know history and you have learned from it, doesn鈥檛 mean your neighbor has learned the same lessons from the same teachers, or wants the same outcomes.
Finally, just because you know history, doesn鈥檛 automatically free you from the conditions that caused previous tragedy.
Marx assumed that by knowing and deconstructing history, we could end the cycle of history.
This ultimately remains to be seen.
But so far, not so much.
In fact:
Sometimes knowing and deconstructing history equates to the experience of watching it鈥檚 tragic recapitulations unfold right before your eyes, like a reoccurring anxiety dream, where you鈥檙e essentially helpless to do anything except feel the horror.
Regarding the original quote.
Churchill didn鈥檛 say it first.
The quote was actually authored by writer and philosopher George Santayana, and originally read, "those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
Again:
The implication is, that by knowing the past, we are somehow freed from the psychotic merry-go-round of endless repetition.
This was one of the spurious ideas that primitive psychoanalysis promoted.
If we deconstruct our present through the lens of our personal history, we will be free to 鈥榣ove and work鈥� without 鈥榥eurosis鈥�.
This is summarized in the phrase 鈥榥ame it to tame it鈥�.
Only:
Naming it doesn鈥檛 always tame it.
Sometimes we can name it, and the neurosis carries on business as usual.
In such cases, we actually need to do more than just 鈥榢now鈥� and 鈥榥ame鈥�.
We need to get off our asses and create second order change.
First Order Change:
Refers to superficial changes that do not disrupt the deeper causes e.g. 鈥業鈥檓 going to try harder not to fall in that hole the next time I walk down that street.鈥�
Second Order Change:
Refers to structural changes that do disrupt the deeper causes. i.e. 鈥業鈥檓 going to take an altogether different route.鈥�
Fromm asserts that Freud was right about the psychosexual causes of the human character, but was blind to the ways that the deeper structures of society effect our psychology.
Fromm asserts that Marx was right about the socioeconomic causes of human suffering and alienation in industrialized capitalism, but was blind to the psychological experiences of the individual.
Escape From Freedom is Erich Fromm鈥檚 attempt at a synthesis of the two.
The book explores themes of freedom and alienation, with a particular focus on deconstruction of the psychosocial conditions that facilitated the rise of Nazism.
Suppression and Sublimation:
In Freudian terms, suppression refers to the unhealthy denial of natural emotions and instinctive drives like anger and sexuality.
Suppression is summarized in the ol鈥� AA witticism: 鈥榠f you push your feelings down into the basement, they will get together, lift weights, and come back upstairs and kick your ass.鈥�
Suppression functions internally, in the same way repression works at the level of society.
You do it enough, and you get neurosis, violent upheaval and mass revolt.
Sublimation refers to the effective channeling of emotions and instincts into some other, less harmful pursuit.
Freud asserted that culture and society affords individuals the opportunity to channel unproductive, harmful or anti-social drives into productive, healthy, life affirming, pro-social goals e.g. channeling one鈥檚 anger and frustration into a good workout, or writing a novel, or volunteering for a greater cause.
Fromm posits that if suppression within an individual or in a society is greater than the capacity for sublimation, than individuals and groups become neurotic.
Dynamic adaptation refers to the way an individual psychology adapts to a system.
Fromm asserts that individuals dynamically adapt to a capitalist system by consuming and working, not as a means to achieve happiness, but as an end in its self.
Fromm posits that over satisfaction of the drives to consume and work results in the loss of culture, and the increase of neurosis i.e. feelings of emptiness, alienation, loneliness, lack of meaning, nihilism, lack of personal responsibility, contingent self-esteem, powerlessness, etc.
If you need evidence of this assertion, spend 10 minutes watching Fox News, or surfing FaceBook, or reading YouTube comments, and then check in with how you feel afterwards.
Fromm鈥檚 basic critique of Freud is that human psychology may be very different in a collectivist vs. capitalist system, and proposes psychologically informed societal level systemic change as an important area of intervention.
Fromm integrates Freud and Marx in what he calls Social Psychology, but what may more accurately be thought of as Socialist Psychoanalysis.
Freedoms Aren鈥檛 Free:
Fromm identifies two kinds of freedom.
1. Freedom From (negative freedom) refers to the emancipation from stultifying social conventions.
2. Freedom To (positive freedom) refers to the enlightened pursuit of what matters, and posits that connection, creativity and being of service are the things that matter.
Fromm argues that Freedom From is relatively easily accomplished. But Freedom To takes inner work and communal support.
He goes on to argue that Freedom From stultifying social conventions, without Freedom To connect, create and be of service to something larger than ones self, leaves us feeling hopeless and alone, and vulnerable to authoritarian ideologies and charismatic leaders that function psychologically to pacify our anxious uncertainties.
Protestantism and Fascism:
Fromm asserts that leaders (particularly charismatic leaders) mirror the latent psychology (Freud) and means of production (Marx) of the followers they attract.
Fromm begins his historical psychosocial critique of fascism, with a critique of the protestant reformations of Luther and Calvin.
Fromm asserts that these movements were particularly appealing to the conservative middle and working class of the day, who resented the florid excesses of the Catholic church and aristocratic classes, but also sought protection from the poor.
Fromm paints Luther as both masochistic and authoritarian and consequently highly ambivalent regarding authority.
He proposes that Luther was simultaneously resentful of injustice, and punitive regarding decadence of all sorts, while concurrently being highly submissive to the paternalistic 鈥榓uthority鈥� of god.
Fromm posits that Calvinism shared many of the same features and taught that submission and humiliation were the fast track to purification and salvation.
Fromm posits that the protestant movements attracted individuals with similar psychological proclivities and who were also from a social class that stood to benefit from a reformation.
Fromm claims that protestant ideologies set the stage for the third reich.
Hitler:
After the great depression and the Great War, Hitler was able to capitalize on the hateful resentment and xenophobia of the middle, and working classes who were loosing status due to the economic and social conditions of the day, while concurrently offering wealthy industrialists unprecedented opportunities to bolster their wealth, and protection against populist bolshevik uprisings.
Fromm asserts that Nazism was as much about radical opportunism as it was about racism and shrill ideology.
In other words, poor and middle class people were hypnotized by their own racist, resentful denial, religious people were hypnotized by their conditioning and ideology, and rich people held their nose and went along for the ride for personal gain.
One can鈥檛 help but draw a comparison to America 2016-2020.
Advanced Capitalism:
In a 1959 interview with Mike Wallace, Fromm claimed that America was the greatest civilization ever, and that it was doomed if it continued on the path it was on.
Fromm asserted that the American injunction to keep working, consuming and reproducing was a formula for spiritual disaster.
Fromm quipped that Soviet Russia controlled its citizens by force. And America did it by persuasion.
Lastly, Fromm warns that if we don鈥檛 change our focus towards a more connected, nurturing and creative way of being, we will work, consume and reproduce our selves into a fiery pit of doom.
Here and Now in America - 2020:
We have swapped Fascist ideologies with Fox News and fourchan paranoia.
We swapped Hitler for Twitler.
And we swapped the Cold War for Global Warming.
But despite 鈥榢nowing鈥� our history.
We鈥檙e still on the psychotic merry-go-round.
The diagnosis was correct.
But the prescription was left unfinished.
Let鈥檚 hope we can learn and change, and collectively find our way to a different way.
Brilliant start to finish.
Fromm was a genius.
Sadly though...
If you swap concerns regarding the cold war for catastrophic global climate change, then.....
This book could have been written yesterday.
Winston Churchill famously said 鈥渢hose who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it.鈥�
I would add (if I may) 鈥渁nd sometimes, so are those who do鈥�.
My point being:
Just because you know history and have learned from it, doesn鈥檛 mean your neighbor has.
Just because you know history and you have learned from it, doesn鈥檛 mean your neighbor has learned the same lessons from the same teachers, or wants the same outcomes.
Finally, just because you know history, doesn鈥檛 automatically free you from the conditions that caused previous tragedy.
Marx assumed that by knowing and deconstructing history, we could end the cycle of history.
This ultimately remains to be seen.
But so far, not so much.
In fact:
Sometimes knowing and deconstructing history equates to the experience of watching it鈥檚 tragic recapitulations unfold right before your eyes, like a reoccurring anxiety dream, where you鈥檙e essentially helpless to do anything except feel the horror.
Regarding the original quote.
Churchill didn鈥檛 say it first.
The quote was actually authored by writer and philosopher George Santayana, and originally read, "those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
Again:
The implication is, that by knowing the past, we are somehow freed from the psychotic merry-go-round of endless repetition.
This was one of the spurious ideas that primitive psychoanalysis promoted.
If we deconstruct our present through the lens of our personal history, we will be free to 鈥榣ove and work鈥� without 鈥榥eurosis鈥�.
This is summarized in the phrase 鈥榥ame it to tame it鈥�.
Only:
Naming it doesn鈥檛 always tame it.
Sometimes we can name it, and the neurosis carries on business as usual.
In such cases, we actually need to do more than just 鈥榢now鈥� and 鈥榥ame鈥�.
We need to get off our asses and create second order change.
First Order Change:
Refers to superficial changes that do not disrupt the deeper causes e.g. 鈥業鈥檓 going to try harder not to fall in that hole the next time I walk down that street.鈥�
Second Order Change:
Refers to structural changes that do disrupt the deeper causes. i.e. 鈥業鈥檓 going to take an altogether different route.鈥�
Fromm asserts that Freud was right about the psychosexual causes of the human character, but was blind to the ways that the deeper structures of society effect our psychology.
Fromm asserts that Marx was right about the socioeconomic causes of human suffering and alienation in industrialized capitalism, but was blind to the psychological experiences of the individual.
Escape From Freedom is Erich Fromm鈥檚 attempt at a synthesis of the two.
The book explores themes of freedom and alienation, with a particular focus on deconstruction of the psychosocial conditions that facilitated the rise of Nazism.
Suppression and Sublimation:
In Freudian terms, suppression refers to the unhealthy denial of natural emotions and instinctive drives like anger and sexuality.
Suppression is summarized in the ol鈥� AA witticism: 鈥榠f you push your feelings down into the basement, they will get together, lift weights, and come back upstairs and kick your ass.鈥�
Suppression functions internally, in the same way repression works at the level of society.
You do it enough, and you get neurosis, violent upheaval and mass revolt.
Sublimation refers to the effective channeling of emotions and instincts into some other, less harmful pursuit.
Freud asserted that culture and society affords individuals the opportunity to channel unproductive, harmful or anti-social drives into productive, healthy, life affirming, pro-social goals e.g. channeling one鈥檚 anger and frustration into a good workout, or writing a novel, or volunteering for a greater cause.
Fromm posits that if suppression within an individual or in a society is greater than the capacity for sublimation, than individuals and groups become neurotic.
Dynamic adaptation refers to the way an individual psychology adapts to a system.
Fromm asserts that individuals dynamically adapt to a capitalist system by consuming and working, not as a means to achieve happiness, but as an end in its self.
Fromm posits that over satisfaction of the drives to consume and work results in the loss of culture, and the increase of neurosis i.e. feelings of emptiness, alienation, loneliness, lack of meaning, nihilism, lack of personal responsibility, contingent self-esteem, powerlessness, etc.
If you need evidence of this assertion, spend 10 minutes watching Fox News, or surfing FaceBook, or reading YouTube comments, and then check in with how you feel afterwards.
Fromm鈥檚 basic critique of Freud is that human psychology may be very different in a collectivist vs. capitalist system, and proposes psychologically informed societal level systemic change as an important area of intervention.
Fromm integrates Freud and Marx in what he calls Social Psychology, but what may more accurately be thought of as Socialist Psychoanalysis.
Freedoms Aren鈥檛 Free:
Fromm identifies two kinds of freedom.
1. Freedom From (negative freedom) refers to the emancipation from stultifying social conventions.
2. Freedom To (positive freedom) refers to the enlightened pursuit of what matters, and posits that connection, creativity and being of service are the things that matter.
Fromm argues that Freedom From is relatively easily accomplished. But Freedom To takes inner work and communal support.
He goes on to argue that Freedom From stultifying social conventions, without Freedom To connect, create and be of service to something larger than ones self, leaves us feeling hopeless and alone, and vulnerable to authoritarian ideologies and charismatic leaders that function psychologically to pacify our anxious uncertainties.
Protestantism and Fascism:
Fromm asserts that leaders (particularly charismatic leaders) mirror the latent psychology (Freud) and means of production (Marx) of the followers they attract.
Fromm begins his historical psychosocial critique of fascism, with a critique of the protestant reformations of Luther and Calvin.
Fromm asserts that these movements were particularly appealing to the conservative middle and working class of the day, who resented the florid excesses of the Catholic church and aristocratic classes, but also sought protection from the poor.
Fromm paints Luther as both masochistic and authoritarian and consequently highly ambivalent regarding authority.
He proposes that Luther was simultaneously resentful of injustice, and punitive regarding decadence of all sorts, while concurrently being highly submissive to the paternalistic 鈥榓uthority鈥� of god.
Fromm posits that Calvinism shared many of the same features and taught that submission and humiliation were the fast track to purification and salvation.
Fromm posits that the protestant movements attracted individuals with similar psychological proclivities and who were also from a social class that stood to benefit from a reformation.
Fromm claims that protestant ideologies set the stage for the third reich.
Hitler:
After the great depression and the Great War, Hitler was able to capitalize on the hateful resentment and xenophobia of the middle, and working classes who were loosing status due to the economic and social conditions of the day, while concurrently offering wealthy industrialists unprecedented opportunities to bolster their wealth, and protection against populist bolshevik uprisings.
Fromm asserts that Nazism was as much about radical opportunism as it was about racism and shrill ideology.
In other words, poor and middle class people were hypnotized by their own racist, resentful denial, religious people were hypnotized by their conditioning and ideology, and rich people held their nose and went along for the ride for personal gain.
One can鈥檛 help but draw a comparison to America 2016-2020.
Advanced Capitalism:
In a 1959 interview with Mike Wallace, Fromm claimed that America was the greatest civilization ever, and that it was doomed if it continued on the path it was on.
Fromm asserted that the American injunction to keep working, consuming and reproducing was a formula for spiritual disaster.
Fromm quipped that Soviet Russia controlled its citizens by force. And America did it by persuasion.
Lastly, Fromm warns that if we don鈥檛 change our focus towards a more connected, nurturing and creative way of being, we will work, consume and reproduce our selves into a fiery pit of doom.
Here and Now in America - 2020:
We have swapped Fascist ideologies with Fox News and fourchan paranoia.
We swapped Hitler for Twitler.
And we swapped the Cold War for Global Warming.
But despite 鈥榢nowing鈥� our history.
We鈥檙e still on the psychotic merry-go-round.
The diagnosis was correct.
But the prescription was left unfinished.
Let鈥檚 hope we can learn and change, and collectively find our way to a different way.
January 30, 2018
Erich Fromm's听Escape from Freedom, published in 1941, has a good deal in common with Eric Hoffer's postwar听The True Believer.听 Like Hoffer, Fromm was trying to understand the power and appeal of fascism. The main point of agreement between the two authors, I think, is that what appears to be unshakeable conviction is often an act of desperation, or what Fromm calls a "mechanism of escape."听 To paraphrase David Foster Wallace, who knew something about compulsivity and whom I can't help thinking may have read this book, we are all dying to give ourselves away to something, anything, and what that thing turns out to be may be more a matter of accident than is generally assumed.听 The view on which I think Fromm and Hoffer would basically agree isn't exactly incompatible with those I find most often on my Facebook feed, attributed to followers of a certain modern mass movement- that many (or all, it's sometimes claimed) of them are motivated by sexism, or racism, or this or that easily condemnable factor- but also suggests that a movement inspired by a talented demagogue is capable of accommodating a much wider range of psychological needs, including the need to give away the burden of individuality.听 Hoffer's book goes on to describe the common features of movements.听 In Wallace, and in a lot of literature, one may infer the viewpoint that this impulse is metaphysical, spiritual, inherent to and inseparable from human life.听 Fromm diverges from them in where he locates the sources of this impulse.
For Fromm, human characteristics and impulses are not inherent, but neither are they determined wholly by the environment.听 Rather, each (the individual and the environment) has its own dynamism, and it's this push-and-pull that influences human personality, which in turn acts on and is acted upon by what I think can broadly be called history.听 Fromm traces the origin of this urge to give away one's freedom to the Renaissance- the end of feudalism and the beginning of modern individuality:
In having a distinct, unchangeable, and unquestionable place in the social world from the moment of birth, man was rooted...and thus life had a meaning which left no place, and no need, for doubt. A person was identical with his role in society; he was a peasant, an artisan, a knight, and not an individual who happened to have this or that occupation....Man was conscious of himself only as a member of a race, people, party, family, or corporaton- only through some general category.There is no way to return to this state of being, nor would Fromm suggest that we should try- he just goes on to point out that freedom is a double-edged sword, and that all the good it has done human beings has been accompanied by unprecedented burdens. In the new Europe that gradually came into being, life was uncertain, and you survived, or didn't, on your own.听 Soon enough, Fromm writes, there were reactions to this new state of being in the forms of movements led by two of the book's main villains, Luther and Calvin.听 Fromm isn't too pushy about it, but he frequently invites the reader to draw analogies between processes in society and in the individual psyche; the popularity of Luther and Calvin in Fromm's view are probably analogous to neuroses, their movements mechanisms of escape in which people found catharsis in the supposed virtue of tireless work, or in the conviction that it had all been decided before you were born anyway and it was impossible to know or change your fate, or in giving up your autonomy to an all-powerful God who may just as easily have been a Fuhrer. Just as in a neurotic personality, however, the chosen mechanism of escape, while perhaps temporarily ameliorating pain, has its unforeseen side-effects:
One possible way to escape this unbearable state of uncertainty...is the very trait which became so prominent in Calvinism: the development of a frantic activity and a striving to do something. Activity in this sense assumes a compulsory quality...[this] is not the result of inner strength and self-confidence; it is a desperate escape from anxiety.So it is essentially Fromm's view that a neurosis transformed work from a pragmatic necessity to the essence of human life, and laid fertile ground and psychologically prepared people for modern capitalism; similarly, unquestioning obedience to a deity may prepare people for the same orientation towards other figures of authority.
Fromm explains his ideas in much more clarity and depth, but maybe this can serve as an adumbration of the way he views history. A given set of societal circumstances molds a certain kind of human being; these human beings react against their new circumstances, but often in a way that obscures the problem without resolving it, resulting in unforeseen and accidental consequences which in turn become the new circumstances that will both act on human beings and be reacted against...and the cycle continues.听 I don't know that this is true, but it seems at least worth thinking about and discussing.听 There's a pleasing elegance and simplicity to Fromm's view: there is no outside force that needs to be believed in here, no teleology or spirits, no lizard people controlling things, just us, bumbling along and reincarnating ourselves over and over, accident compounding accident. It makes me think of people like Mark Zuckerberg, Robert Mercer, Elon Musk, the physicists who split the atom, whoever decided to start burning fossil fuels, the developers of virtual reality...people who have all in some sense set events into motion, and yet each such event or action plays a partial, not a decisive, role in the world that's coming into being. Furthermore, such people cannot predict (and probably have very little control over) the ways in which what they've done will influence human beings in general, nor how human beings will react to these changes.听
The need for relief from the burden of freedom brings us to the authoritarian character, its most relevant variant in Fromm's view defined by its poles of sadism and masochism.听 This might be where it starts to sound a little weird, but it kind of makes sense to me- both sadism and masochism, in Fromm's view, are compulsive efforts to escape the self.听 A sadist, after all, is just as dependent on his or her masochistic partner as vice-versa; the relevant feature of such relationships, according to Fromm, as opposed to those which are healthy (let's assume for the sake of argument that such things exist) is symbiosis, dependency.听 Fromm claims furthermore that not only are masochism and sadism opposite sides of the same coin, but that both characteristics are always present in the same individual, consciously or unconsciously, to a greater or lesser degree. This seemed pretty counter-intuitive to me at first, but consider the crowd at an authoritarian leader's mass rally- the people satisfy their masochistic impulses by in some sense submitting to the leader, losing their individuality in the crowd, being reduced to nothing (and maybe it's not such a different impulse that brings people to concerts and sports events), but the leader also incites their sadistic impulses- towards Mexicans, Jews, Muslims, whomever the enemy happens to be.听 And the leader is just as dependent on the audience he spends his life playing to. Trump, for example, gives away his psychological need in just about every single thing he says and does, but maybe never more clearly than with the fantasy, expressed on occasion to his crowds, that CNN or some other network, terrified by the rightness of what he's saying, is turning off its cameras in the middle of the broadcast even as he, Trump, speaks...that the red lights, one by one, are going dark. And it's only when that last light goes dark that Trump wakes up in a cold sweat. Hitler, Fromm writes, is sadistic- okay, no surprise there- but also masochistic, in the sense that he also feels himself in thrall to irresistible forces, he too possessed by the wishes to destroy and to be destroyed:
This whole preaching of self-sacrifice has an obvious purpose: the masses have to resign themselves and submit if the wish for power on the side of the leader and the 'elite' is to be realized. But this masochistic longing is also to be found in Hitler himself. For him the superior power to which he submits is God, Fate, Necessity, History, Nature. Actually all these terms have about the same meaning to him, that of symbols of an overwhelmingly strong power...Nature is the great power we have to submit to [Hitler believes], but living beings are the ones we should dominate.------
One of the most interesting (and kind of disturbing) things about Fromm's analysis is something so clear and obvious that I almost never consciously think about it- that a mechanism of escape can be just about anything. Or rather, that everything has the potential to be a mechanism of escape, as well as the potential to be...something else. To return to Wallace for a second, I'm reminded of the passage from听Infinite Jest听about what you learn in a halfway house:
That sleeping can be a form of emotional escape and can with sustained effort be abused...That purposeful sleep-deprivation can also be an abusable escape. That gambling can be an abusable escape, too, and work, shopping, and shoplifting, and sex, and abstention, and masturbation, and food, and exercise, and meditation/prayer...What is that "something else", then? It appears a few times throughout Fromm's book, each time flitting away like a doorway to Hellenic Greece that opens and closes before you have a chance to walk through it. It might be, for example, for a human being to "...relate himself spontaneously to the world in love and work, in the genuine expression of his emotional, sensuous and intellectual capacities." The steps one should take or actual habits to cultivate in order to live in such a way are not clear to me, and would perhaps require years of intensive psychotherapy with Mr. Fromm, which I would gladly try if he were alive and I could afford it. But applied to the discussion of fascism, I think that what I find most relevant about this view, most pragmatic really, is that it refuses to draw a comforting line between "us" and "them", which is important perhaps not because it is a way of being charitable to people who disagree, but because it reminds us of our own susceptibilities.
Fromm published this book in 1941, and it's difficult for me to imagine anyone suggesting that the alienation Fromm is talking about hasn't become much more profound, to the point that it is such an established feature of modern life that it's almost never thought about; when it听is听thought about, it's as both a kind of a joke, a cliche, and as something metaphysical, a spiritual condition, going by words like "dread" or "ennui." And frankly I think it may as well be, because economic and social conditions over the course of a lifetime become, for all intents and purposes, existential conditions.
Some of Fromm's examples of alienating features of life in 1941 can sound both eerily familiar and laughably benign by modern standards:
Vastness of cities in which the individual is lost, buildings that are as high as mountains, constant acoustic bombardment by the radio, big headlines that change three times a day and leaving one no choice to decide what is important...the beating rhythm of jazz......The part about jazz is perhaps reaching. But this seems like a valid excuse for me to insert a personal anecdote here about how I read most of this book while I was in Tbilisi, staying in a hostel with a strange collection of drifters for $3.50 US per night, as 2017 slowly dwindled. Hostels are not known for being conducive to concentration, so I would bring this book with me when I went for walks around the city; I attempted to read part of it, specifically the chapter on the authoritarian character and mechanisms of escape, in a Dunkin' Donuts on Rustaveli Avenue, the main street in Tbilisi. While it was after December 25th, perhaps the 26th or 27th, I hadn't reckoned with the fact that Christmas in Georgia is January 7th. This was therefore high Christmas season, and high time for Dunkin' Donuts to play Christmas music, quite loudly, in English no less, and so as I tried to read about the authoritarian character and take unmediated masochistic pleasure in the most unpleasant aspects of my personality laid out so clearly on the page, I simultaneously found myself fighting a generalized violent and sadistic impulse that welled up from the very core of my being as a part of my brain helplessly followed along to the music ("jingle bells", a voice on the sound system chimed inanely as I tried to understand Fromm's definition of the masochistic personality, "Batman smells, Robin laid an egg...") which only in retrospect seemed a negligible annoyance yet appropriate and relevant to Fromm's theme- we in the cafe were not to be left alone for a second with our coffee and our own thoughts, not allowed to take a deep breath in a quiet place between the past and the future, anything but that- that burden was lifted from us as a matter of course, without our even having had to ask.
Of greater concern, admittedly, is that we seem to be confronted with an unprecedented powerlessness- the destruction of the natural world and therefore civilization as we're familiar with it, perhaps within the next few generations (about 100 years, according to Stephen Hawking), which, as a friend of mine put it recently, is "pretty depressing." I suppose it's also a reminder that life as each of us experiences it is always unprecedented. This is a reality that has only slowly appeared in the background of conversations with friends (not co-workers or employers or acquaintances, however, and I also manage to avoid breaking down in tears and discussing it with the young Russian children I tutor- daily life and work retains for now the same unassailable quality, as if things could never be any other way), but which will certainly become more unavoidable in the years and decades to come. Who can anticipate the mechanisms of escape that may have to be employed to avoid confronting it?
Maybe I should try to end on a positive note, so I'll give the last word to Fromm:
...any attack on Germany as such, any defamatory propaganda concerning 'the Germans', only increases the loyalty of those who are not wholly identified with the Nazi system. This problem, however, cannot be solved basically by skillful propaganda but only by the victory in all countries of one fundamental truth: that ethical principles stand above the existence of the nation and that by adhering to these principles an individual belongs to the community of all those who share, who have shared, and will share this belief.
August 29, 2023
This is an amazing book. Fromm analyses the effects of the protestant reformation and the teachings of Luther and Calvin, the rise of capitalism and fascism and describes how the process of achieving true freedom and democracy has not yet been completed.
January 25, 2014
賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 賵 賲鬲毓亘 噩丿丕賰鬲亘 賮 馗賱 丕賱丨賰賲 丕賱賴鬲賱乇賷 賵 亘丨孬 爻賷丕爻賷丕 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丕 賵 賳賮爻賷丕 賱丕賷噩丕丿 丕賱丕噩丕亘丕鬲 丕賱賲賯賳毓丞 丨賵賱 賴乇賵亘 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵 丕賱鬲賮丕賮賴 丨賵賱 丕賱賮丕卮賷丞 乇睾賲 賮馗丕毓鬲賴丕 ) 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷鬲丨丿孬 賮賯胤 囟賲賳 丕賱丕胤丕乇 丕賱丕賵乇亘賷
亘丿兀 亘丕賱丨丿賷孬 丨賵賱 丕賱丕夭賲丞 丕賱丨丿丕孬賷丞 賵 丕賱鬲賮丕囟賱 亘賷賳 賲噩鬲賲毓 鬲賯賱賷丿賷 賷丨賵賷 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賯賷賵丿 賵 丕賱乇賵丕亘胤 賵 丕賱鬲乇丕鬲亘賷丕鬲 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賵 丕賱毓乇賯賷丞 賵 亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 丨乇賷丞 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賲丨丿賵丿 噩丿丕 囟賲賳 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷丨鬲賱賴丕 賵 賷賰賵賳 賱賴 丨賯賵賯 賵 丕賱鬲夭丕賲丕鬲 賵丕囟丨丞賵 賷毓賷卮 囟賲賳 賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賲賳 亘丿賵賳 賲賮丕噩卅丕鬲 丕賵 鬲賯賱亘丕鬲 賵 亘胤乇賷賯丞 賲乇爻賵賲丞 賰 賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 丕賱丕賯胤丕毓賷 賲賯丕亘賱 賲噩鬲賲毓 毓賴丿 丕賱丕氐賱丕丨 ( 丕賱賳賴囟丞 賵 賲丕 亘毓丿 丕賱賳賴囟丞 ) 賵 丕賱賶 丕賱丕賳 丕賱匕賷 賷鬲賲鬲毓 丕賱賮乇丿 賮賷賴 亘賯丿乇 丕賰亘乇 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵 丕賱鬲賮乇丿 賵 賱賰賳賴 賷卮毓乇 亘丕賱毓夭賱丞 賵 丕賱睾乇亘丞 毓賳 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵 丕賳毓丿丕賲 丕賱噩丿賵賶 賲賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賵 禺丕氐丞 亘毓丿 丕賳 賯賵囟鬲 賰賱 丕賱亘賳賶 賵 丕賱乇賵丕亘胤 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 丕賱賲毓乇賵賮丞 賵 匕賱賰 亘丕賰鬲爻丕丨 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 丨賷孬 丕氐亘丨 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賲賮鬲賵丨丕 睾乇賷亘丕 亘丿賵賳 囟賵丕亘胤 賵 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賳丕噩丨丞 賵丨丿賴丕 丕爻鬲賮丿丕鬲 賲賳 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 丕賱賳丕賴囟丞
賷毓丕賱噩 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賷囟丕 爻賷賰賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賮賯賷乇丞 丕賱孬賵乇賷丞 賵 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賵爻胤賶 丕賱禺丕卅賮丞 丕賱囟丕卅毓丞 亘賷賳 丕賱賲睾丕賲乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲賳丨賴丕 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵 丕賱禺賵賮 賲賳 丕賱賮卮賱 賮賷 馗賱 賲噩鬲賲毓 睾乇賷亘 賱丕 賷乇丨賲 賵 鬲丨賵賱 丕賱胤亘賯丕鬲 丕賱孬丕卅乇 丕賱賶 胤亘賯丕鬲 賲爻鬲亘丿丞 噩丿賷丿丞 亘毓丿 賳噩丕丨 丕賱孬賵乇丞 賰匕賱賰 丕賱鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 丕賱賲孬賷乇丞 丕賳 匕丕賰 賵 鬲丨丿賷丿丕 馗賴賵乇 丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲賷丞 亘鬲賱賰 丕賱賮鬲乇丞 ( 丕賱賱賵孬乇賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賲丕賳賷丞 賵 丕賱賰丕賱賮賳賷丞 賮賷 爻賵賷爻乇丕 )賵 乇睾賲 賯乇丕亍丕鬲賷 丕賱賯賱賷賱丞 毓賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丕丿賷丕賳 丕賱丕 丕賳賷 丕乇賶 丕賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賰丕賳 睾賷乇 賲賳氐賮 亘丨賯賴丕
丕鬲賮賯 賲毓 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丕丿賷丕賳 噩丕亍鬲 丕賳毓丕賰爻丕 賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱卮丕乇丕毓 賵 禺丕氐丞 賱賱胤亘賯鬲賷賳 丕賱賮賯賷乇丞 賵 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤丞 賵 鬲噩丕賵亘 賲毓 丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕賱禺丕卅賮 丕賱賲毓夭賵賱 賵 賱賰賳 (丨爻亘 匕賲丞 丕賱賰丕鬲亘) 賵 亘丕賱乇睾賲 丕賳 丕賱賱賵孬乇賷丞 孬丕乇鬲 囟丿 賴乇賲賷丞 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 丕賱賰丕孬賵賱賷賰賷丞 賵 鬲丨賰賲賴丕 亘丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵 鬲賯賱賷丿賷鬲賴丕 丕賱丕 丕賳賴丕 亘丕賱賵賯鬲 賳賮爻賴 賰丕賳鬲 鬲賳馗乇 賳馗乇丞 丿賵賳賷丞 賱賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕匕 賮乇囟鬲 丕賳賴 賷丨賲賱 賮胤乇丞 卮乇賷乇丞 賵 賱丕 卮卅 賷賳賯匕賴 賲賳賴丕 爻賵賶 丕賱丕賷賲丕賳 丕賱賲亘賴賲 亘丕賱丕賱賴 賵 丕賱賱賲丨亘丞 丕賱匕賱賷賱丞 ( 丕賱賳馗乇丞 丕賱丿賵賳賷丞 賱賱賳賮爻 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 ) 亘賷賳賲丕 丕賱賰丕孬賵賱賷賰賷丞 賰丕賳鬲 鬲乇賶 丕賱丕毓賲丕賱 丕賱氐丕賱丨丞 賵 丕賱鬲賵亘丞 胤乇賷賯 賱賱乇丨賲丞 丕賲丕 賲賳 丕賱賳丕丨賷丞 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賮賰丕賳 賱賵孬乇 賲毓 胤亘賯丞 丕賱丕賲乇丕亍 賵 賱賷爻 囟丿賴賲 賵 賰丕賳 賷賵噩賴 丕賱孬賵乇丞 賮賯胤 囟丿 鬲爻賱胤 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賲毓 賳馗乇鬲賴 丕賱丿賵賳賷丞 賱賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賲爻丨賵賯丞 丕賱孬丕卅乇丞
丕賲丕 丕賱賰丕賱賮賷賳賷丞 賮賴賵 賲匕賴亘 噩賴丕丿賷 亘丕賳 賱丕 賷賰賵賳 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賳賮爻賴 亘賱 賷鬲賲孬賱 毓馗賲丞 丕賱賱賴 丨爻亘 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賵 賷鬲賯丕胤毓 賲毓 丕賱賱賵孬乇賷丞 亘丕賱丕賷賲丕賳 丕賱賲亘賴賲 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 丕匕賱丕賱 丕賱賳賮爻 亘丨賰賲 丕賳 丕賱賱賴 賯賵賷 賵 賷丨賰賲 亘丕賱噩賳丞 賵 亘丕賱賳丕乇 毓賱賶 賲賳 賷卮丕亍 丿賵賳 丕爻亘丕亘 賵丕囟丨丞 賰毓賲賱 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕賵 丕乇丕丿鬲賴 賷鬲噩丕賴賱 丕賱賲匕賴亘賷賳 丕乇丕丿丞 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵 賷丿毓賵賴 賮賯胤 丕賱賶 丕賱鬲賲爻賰 亘賲丨亘丞 賴匕丕 丕賱乇亘 丕賱賯賵賷 賵 丕匕賱丕賱 丕賱賳賮爻 賵 丕賱賳馗乇丞 丕賱丿賵賳賷丞 賱賴丕 賮賷 馗賱 賴匕賴 丕賱賲丨亘丞 賵 賷賮爻乇 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 匕賱賰 賳賮爻賷丕 亘丕賱囟賷賯 賵 丕賳毓丿丕賲 丕賱丕賲賳 賵 丕賱睾乇亘丞 賵 丕賱卮賰 丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳鬲 鬲毓丕賳賷賴 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵 丕賱賮賯賷乇丞 賵 丕賱丨丕噩丞 丕賱賶 丕賲賱 亘爻賷胤 賵 丕賳毓賰爻 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱丿賷賳 丕賱匕賷 丕毓鬲賳賯賴 丕賱賰孬賷乇賵賳 賲賳 賴丕鬲賷賳 丕賱胤亘賯鬲賷賳 丨賷孬 丕賳毓丿丕賲 丕賱噩丿賵賶 賲賳 毓賲賱 丕賱丕毓賲丕賱 丕賱氐丕賱丨 賱賵噩賵丿 丕賱賳賮爻 丕賱卮乇賷乇丞 賵 丕賱丕乇鬲賰丕夭 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丨亘丞 賵 丕賱丕賷賲丕賳 賮賯胤
丕卮丕乇 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱賶 丕賳 賰孬賷乇丕 賲賳 丕賱丕噩丕亘丕鬲 賱丕爻卅賱丞 毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 賴賷 賮賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 鬲毓亘乇 毓賳 賲丿賶 丕賱卮賰賵賰 丕賱睾賷乇 毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 賵 丕鬲賴賲 丕賱賲匕賴亘賷賳 亘丕賱鬲毓氐亘 賱匕丕鬲賴賲丕 丕賷 賴賲丕 賮賯胤 丕賱賮乇賯丞 丕賱賳丕噩賷丞 丕賱賵丨賷丿丞賵 丕賳丕 睾賷乇 丕賰賷丿丞 亘丕賱賲乇丞 賲賳 氐丨丞 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵 禺丕氐丞 賮賷 馗賱 丿賮丕毓賴 毓賳 丕賱毓丕丿丕鬲 賵 丕賱鬲賯丕賱賷丿 丕賱賰丕孬賵賱賷賰賷丞 賮賷 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵 賱賵 亘胤乇賷賯丞 丨賷丕丿賷丞 賵 鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞 丕賱丕 丕賳 丕賱賳賵爻鬲賵賱賵噩賷丕 賰丕賳鬲 馗丕賴乇丞 噩丿丕 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱丿賮丕毓
亘賲乇賵乇 丕賱夭賲賳 爻丕賴賲鬲 丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲賷丞 亘鬲丨乇賷乇 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 乇賵丨賷丕 丕賲丕 丕賱乇丕爻賲丕賱賷丞 賮丨乇乇鬲賴 毓賯賱賷丕 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丕 賵 爻賷丕爻賷丕 賵 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賵爻胤賶 亘胤賱丞 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲丨乇乇 賱賲 賷毓丿 丕賱賮乇丿 賲賯賷丿丕 亘賳馗丕賲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 孬丕亘鬲 丕賵 鬲乇丕孬 丕賵 睾賷乇賴... 賵 賰賱賲丕 丕夭丿賷丕丿 丕賱鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷丞 賵 夭賷丕丿丞 丕賱囟睾胤 丕賱丿丕禺賱賷 丕賱賳賮爻賷 賱丿賶 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵 卮毓賵乇賴 亘丕賱毓噩夭 賵 丕賱賵丨丿丞 賵 丕賱賱丕噩丿賵賶 賵 丕賱毓夭賱丞 賰賲丕 匕賰乇鬲 爻丕亘賯丕
丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲賷丞 噩毓賱鬲 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賷賵丕噩賴 丕賱賱賴 賵丨賷丿丕 丕賲丕 丕賱賰丕鬲賵賱賷賰賷丞 賮賵囟毓鬲 毓賱丕賯丞 毓囟賵賷锟斤拷 亘賷賳 丕賱丕賳锟斤拷丕賳 賵 丕賱賱賴 丕賱丕 賵 賴賷丞 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賵 賷乇賶 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱丕賳爻丨丕賯 丕賱匕賷 賷毓丕賳賷 賲賳賴 丕賱賮乇丿 賵丨賷丿丕 賲丕賲 丕賱賱賴 賮賷 丕賱丨丕賱丞 丕賱丕賵賱賶 鬲賲丕賲丕 匕丕鬲 丕賱丕賳爻丨丕賯 鬲噩丕賴 丕賱胤丕亘毓 丕賱賮乇丿丕賳賷 賱賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 丕賱匕賷 賮乇囟鬲賴 丕賱乇丕爻賲丕賱賷丞 ( 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 丕賱賲丕賱 賲賳 賰賵賳賴 賵爻賷賱丞 丕賱賶 賴丿賮 ) 丕賱丕亘鬲毓丕丿 毓賳 丕賱賲賯賷丕爻 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳賷 賮賷 賰賱 卮卅 ... 毓賲賱賯丞 賰賱 卮卅 賰丕鬲爻丕毓 丕賱賲丿賳 丕賱丕亘乇丕噩 丕賱賲氐丕賳毓 賵 丕賱丕丨夭丕亘 丕賱毓賲賱丕賯丞 賵 ... 賵 鬲卮卅 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 亘賴丿賮 丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 毓賱賷賴
鬲賮爻賷乇 丨丕賱丞 丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賮賷 毓丕賲 1950 鬲賯乇賷亘丕 賵 丕賱丕賱鬲賯丕賮 丨賵賱 丕賱賮丕卮賷丞 亘丨丕賱丞 丕賱賯賱賯 丕賱賳賮爻賷 丕賱賲賵噩賵丿 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵 鬲賯爻賷賲 丕賱賳丕爻 丕賱賶 賳賲丕匕噩 : 賲丕夭賵禺賷 - 爻丕丿賷 - 鬲丿賲賷乇賷 ... 賵 賲賳 孬賲 丕賱亘丨孬 賮賷 爻賷賰賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賵 丕賱丕丨丿丕孬 丕賱鬲賷 賲乇鬲 亘賴丕 丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賵 禺丕氐丞 亘毓丿 孬賵乇丞 1918 賵 鬲亘毓丕鬲賴丕 賮賷 丕賳毓丿丕賲 丕賱丕爻鬲賯乇丕乇 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 賵 賰爻乇 丕賱乇賲賵夭 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賵 鬲兀孬乇 丕賱胤亘賯鬲賷賳 丕賱賵爻胤賶 丕賱丿賳賷丕 賵 丕賱賮賯賷乇丞 爻賱亘丕 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 毓丿丞 爻賳賷賳 賲賲丕 賵賱丿 卮毓賵乇丕 亘毓丿賲 噩丿賵賶 丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 丕賱囟毓賷賮丞 丕賱賲鬲禺亘胤丞 賵 鬲賮囟賷賱 丕賱丨夭亘 丕賱丕賵丨丿 丕賱賯賵賷 賵 禺丕氐丞 丕賳丕 賴鬲賱乇 馗賴乇 賰 賵丕丨丿 賲賳 兀亘賳丕亍 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賵爻胤賶 ... 丕匕賳 丕賱丕禺賮丕賯丕鬲 賵 卮毓賵乇丿 丕賱丕爻鬲賴丿丕賮 賵 丕賱丕囟胤賴丕丿 丕丿賶 丕賱賶 丕賱丕丨鬲賲丕亍 亘鬲毓馗賷賲 丕賱毓乇賯 丕賱毓賳氐乇賷 賵 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕賱 丕賱賶 丕賱賯賵丞 賵 丕毓鬲亘丕乇 丕賱賴噩賵賲 毓賱賶 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賴賵 賴噩賵賲 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 ( 鬲胤丕亘賯 丕賱丨夭亘 賲毓 丕賱賵胤賳 賮賷 馗賱 丕賱睾丕亍 亘賯賷丞 丕賱丕丨夭丕亘 賵 氐毓賵丿 賳噩賲 賴匕丕 丕賱丨夭亘 賰丨夭亘 賲禺賱氐 )賱賲丕 丕毓胤丕賴 賲賳 卮毓賵乇 亘丕賱丕賲丕賳 賵 夭賷丕丿丞 丕賱孬賯丞 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞 亘丕賱賳賮爻 賱賱卮毓亘 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷 賵 乇睾賲 氐毓賵丿 丕賱丨夭亘 賲賳 丕賱胤亘賯丕鬲 丕賱賵爻胤賶 丕賱丕 丕賳賴 丨丕賮馗 毓賱賶 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷丞 賵 卮丿 賲賳 兀夭乇賴丕 賵賴匕丕 丕賱丕賱鬲亘丕爻 賵 丕賱鬲賳丕賯囟 賳丕噩賲 毓賳 丕賳丕 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 亘丕賱丕氐賱 賳馗丕賲 乇丿賷賰丕賱賷 丕賳鬲賴丕夭賷 賱丕 賷爻鬲賳丿 丕賱賶 賯賵丕毓丿 丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵丕囟丨丞
丕囟丕亍丞 毓賱賶 卮禺氐賷丞 賴鬲賱乇 爻丕丿賷丞 賲丕夭賵禺賷丞 鬲丿賲賷乇賷丞 賷丨鬲賯乇 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇 賵 賷丨亘賴丕 亘丕賳 賲毓丕 ... 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇 賰丕賱賲乇兀丞 鬲丨亘 丕賱賯賵賷 賵 鬲賳賮乇 賲賳 丕賱囟毓賷賮 ... 丕賱鬲賵賯賷鬲 丕賱賲賳丕爻亘 丕賱匕賷 鬲卮鬲丕賯 賮賷賴 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇 丕賱賶 丕賱賯賵丞 .. 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇賷 賵 丕賱丕賯賳丕毓 亘丕賱鬲賮賵賯 丕賱賲胤賱賯 毓賱賶 丕賱丕禺乇 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮 睾賷乇 丕賱賲賳鬲賲賷 賱賱丕賲丞 丕賱丕乇賷丞 賵 乇睾賲 匕賱賰 鬲胤亘賷賯 丕賱噩賵乇 毓賱賷賴 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱爻賱胤丕鬲 丿賵賳 鬲賲乇丿 孬賳丕卅賷丞 丕賱爻丕丿賷丞 丕賱賲丕夭賵禺賷丞 ... 丕賱爻賱丕賲 亘丕賱爻賮 賵 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丕賱卮毓亘 丕賱丕丿賳賶 賮賷 禺丿賲丞 丕賱卮毓亘 丕賱丕毓賱賶 丕鬲賴...丕鬲賴丕賲 丕毓丿丕卅賴 亘丕賱丕卮賷丕亍 毓賷賳賴丕 丕賱鬲賷 賷乇賶 丕賳賴丕 丕卮丿 丕賮毓丕賱賴 賲卮乇賵毓賷丞 賰丕鬲賴丕賲 賮乇賳爻丕 亘賲丨丕賵賱丞 丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賵乇亘丞 賵 丕賱卮賷賵毓賷賳 丕賱乇賵爻 亘丕賱賵丨卮賷丞 ... 丕丨鬲賯丕乇 丕賱孬賵乇賷賷賳 丕賱賵胤賳賷賷賳 丕賱囟毓賮丕亍 丕賱賲賳丕囟賱賷賳 賲賳 丕噩賱 丕賱丨乇賷丞 ( 丨亘 丕賱賯賵賷 賵 賰乇丕賴賷丞 丕賱囟毓賷賮 )... 丕賱賮乇丿 賱賷爻 卮卅 亘賲毓夭賱 毓賳 噩賲丕毓鬲賴 ( 賷爻鬲爻賱賲 丕賱賮乇丿 賵丕毓賷丕 氐丕賲鬲丕 賵 賷囟丨賷 賲亘鬲賴噩丕 ) 丕賱禺囟賵毓 賱賱噩賲丕毓丞 賵 賱賷爻 賱賱夭毓賷賲 ( 囟賲賳賷丕 ) 亘賳丕亍 賴乇賲賷 鬲爻賱爻賱賷 賰賱 賵丕丨丿 賱賴 賲賳 賴賵 丕丿賳賶 賲賳賴 ..丕賱丨賮丕馗 毓賱賶 胤亘賯丞 亘丨丕賱丞 鬲賯卮賮 賵 鬲賲丕賴賷 賵 丕賳氐賷丕毓 鬲丕賲 賲賳 丕賱賮賯乇丕亍 ( 賱丕賷賲賱賰賵賳 丕賱賶 丕賱卮毓丕乇丕鬲 ) ... 賮卮賱 孬賵乇丞 1918 毓夭丕賴丕 賱賱丕禺鬲賱丕胤 賲毓 丕賱丕睾賷丕乇 丕賱丕囟毓賮 賵 丕賱丕丿賳賶 賵 丕賱鬲丨丕賱賮 賲毓賴 ( 丕賱丕賯賱賷丕鬲 )賰丕賱賷賴賵丿 賵 睾賷乇賴賲
毓賵丿丞 丕賱賶 丕賱丨乇賷丞 ..兀孬乇 丕賱鬲乇亘賷丞 賵 丕賱賰亘鬲 賵 丕賱丕賲賱丕亍 賵 丕賱丕賮賰丕乇 丕賱噩丕賴夭丞 丨爻亘 鬲賵噩賴 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 ... 賲丕賴賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 ... 丕毓乇賮 賳賮爻賰 ( 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱丕氐賷賱 賵 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱噩丕賴夭 ) ... 賮賯丿丕賳 丕賱匕丕鬲 ... 乇兀賷 丕賱丕禺乇 亘丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵 兀孬乇賴
丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱丕賷噩丕亘賷丞 丕賳爻丕賳 丨乇 睾賷乇 賵丨賷丿 ...丕賱丨賮丕馗 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賱賯丕卅賷丞 爻賱賵賰 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 鬲毓亘賷乇 毓賳賴 賵 賱賷爻 鬲毓亘賷乇 毓賳 丕賳爻丕賳 丕賱賷 ( 丕賱孬賵乇賷 丕賱賳丕噩丨 爻賷丕爻賷 賵 丕賱賮丕卮賱 賲噩乇賲 ) ... 丕賱丨亘 丕賱鬲丕賰賷丿 丕賱鬲賱賯丕卅賷 賱賱丕禺乇賷賳 ... 丕賱賳賮爻 鬲賰賵賳 賯賵賷丞 亘賯丿乇 賲丕 鬲賰賵賳 賳卮胤丞
丕鬲賮賯 賲毓 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱賳賯丕胤 賮賷賲丕 賷鬲毓賱賯 亘爻賱亘賷丕鬲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵 賱賰賳 鬲亘賮賶 丕賷噩丕亘賷丕鬲賴丕 睾賷乇 賲丨丿賵丿 賮賷 丨丕賱 丕賱毓賲賱 毓賱賶 丕氐賱丕丨 丕賱賮乇丿 賵 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵 丕禺鬲賱賮 賲毓賴 賵 禺丕氐丞 賮賷 賲丕 賷鬲毓賱賯 賮賷 丕賱丨賰賲 毓賱賶 丕賱賲匕丕賴亘 丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲賷丞 賵 丕賱賰丕鬲賵賱賷賰賷丞
亘丿兀 亘丕賱丨丿賷孬 丨賵賱 丕賱丕夭賲丞 丕賱丨丿丕孬賷丞 賵 丕賱鬲賮丕囟賱 亘賷賳 賲噩鬲賲毓 鬲賯賱賷丿賷 賷丨賵賷 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賯賷賵丿 賵 丕賱乇賵丕亘胤 賵 丕賱鬲乇丕鬲亘賷丕鬲 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 賵 丕賱毓乇賯賷丞 賵 亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 丨乇賷丞 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賲丨丿賵丿 噩丿丕 囟賲賳 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷丨鬲賱賴丕 賵 賷賰賵賳 賱賴 丨賯賵賯 賵 丕賱鬲夭丕賲丕鬲 賵丕囟丨丞賵 賷毓賷卮 囟賲賳 賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賲賳 亘丿賵賳 賲賮丕噩卅丕鬲 丕賵 鬲賯賱亘丕鬲 賵 亘胤乇賷賯丞 賲乇爻賵賲丞 賰 賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 丕賱丕賯胤丕毓賷 賲賯丕亘賱 賲噩鬲賲毓 毓賴丿 丕賱丕氐賱丕丨 ( 丕賱賳賴囟丞 賵 賲丕 亘毓丿 丕賱賳賴囟丞 ) 賵 丕賱賶 丕賱丕賳 丕賱匕賷 賷鬲賲鬲毓 丕賱賮乇丿 賮賷賴 亘賯丿乇 丕賰亘乇 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵 丕賱鬲賮乇丿 賵 賱賰賳賴 賷卮毓乇 亘丕賱毓夭賱丞 賵 丕賱睾乇亘丞 毓賳 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵 丕賳毓丿丕賲 丕賱噩丿賵賶 賲賳 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賵 禺丕氐丞 亘毓丿 丕賳 賯賵囟鬲 賰賱 丕賱亘賳賶 賵 丕賱乇賵丕亘胤 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 丕賱賲毓乇賵賮丞 賵 匕賱賰 亘丕賰鬲爻丕丨 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓丕鬲 丨賷孬 丕氐亘丨 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賲賮鬲賵丨丕 睾乇賷亘丕 亘丿賵賳 囟賵丕亘胤 賵 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賳丕噩丨丞 賵丨丿賴丕 丕爻鬲賮丿丕鬲 賲賳 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 丕賱賳丕賴囟丞
賷毓丕賱噩 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賷囟丕 爻賷賰賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賮賯賷乇丞 丕賱孬賵乇賷丞 賵 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賵爻胤賶 丕賱禺丕卅賮丞 丕賱囟丕卅毓丞 亘賷賳 丕賱賲睾丕賲乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲賳丨賴丕 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵 丕賱禺賵賮 賲賳 丕賱賮卮賱 賮賷 馗賱 賲噩鬲賲毓 睾乇賷亘 賱丕 賷乇丨賲 賵 鬲丨賵賱 丕賱胤亘賯丕鬲 丕賱孬丕卅乇 丕賱賶 胤亘賯丕鬲 賲爻鬲亘丿丞 噩丿賷丿丞 亘毓丿 賳噩丕丨 丕賱孬賵乇丞 賰匕賱賰 丕賱鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 丕賱丿賷賳賷丞 丕賱賲孬賷乇丞 丕賳 匕丕賰 賵 鬲丨丿賷丿丕 馗賴賵乇 丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲賷丞 亘鬲賱賰 丕賱賮鬲乇丞 ( 丕賱賱賵孬乇賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賲丕賳賷丞 賵 丕賱賰丕賱賮賳賷丞 賮賷 爻賵賷爻乇丕 )賵 乇睾賲 賯乇丕亍丕鬲賷 丕賱賯賱賷賱丞 毓賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丕丿賷丕賳 丕賱丕 丕賳賷 丕乇賶 丕賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賰丕賳 睾賷乇 賲賳氐賮 亘丨賯賴丕
丕鬲賮賯 賲毓 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丕丿賷丕賳 噩丕亍鬲 丕賳毓丕賰爻丕 賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱卮丕乇丕毓 賵 禺丕氐丞 賱賱胤亘賯鬲賷賳 丕賱賮賯賷乇丞 賵 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤丞 賵 鬲噩丕賵亘 賲毓 丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕賱禺丕卅賮 丕賱賲毓夭賵賱 賵 賱賰賳 (丨爻亘 匕賲丞 丕賱賰丕鬲亘) 賵 亘丕賱乇睾賲 丕賳 丕賱賱賵孬乇賷丞 孬丕乇鬲 囟丿 賴乇賲賷丞 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 丕賱賰丕孬賵賱賷賰賷丞 賵 鬲丨賰賲賴丕 亘丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵 鬲賯賱賷丿賷鬲賴丕 丕賱丕 丕賳賴丕 亘丕賱賵賯鬲 賳賮爻賴 賰丕賳鬲 鬲賳馗乇 賳馗乇丞 丿賵賳賷丞 賱賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕匕 賮乇囟鬲 丕賳賴 賷丨賲賱 賮胤乇丞 卮乇賷乇丞 賵 賱丕 卮卅 賷賳賯匕賴 賲賳賴丕 爻賵賶 丕賱丕賷賲丕賳 丕賱賲亘賴賲 亘丕賱丕賱賴 賵 丕賱賱賲丨亘丞 丕賱匕賱賷賱丞 ( 丕賱賳馗乇丞 丕賱丿賵賳賷丞 賱賱賳賮爻 丕賱亘卮乇賷丞 ) 亘賷賳賲丕 丕賱賰丕孬賵賱賷賰賷丞 賰丕賳鬲 鬲乇賶 丕賱丕毓賲丕賱 丕賱氐丕賱丨丞 賵 丕賱鬲賵亘丞 胤乇賷賯 賱賱乇丨賲丞 丕賲丕 賲賳 丕賱賳丕丨賷丞 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賮賰丕賳 賱賵孬乇 賲毓 胤亘賯丞 丕賱丕賲乇丕亍 賵 賱賷爻 囟丿賴賲 賵 賰丕賳 賷賵噩賴 丕賱孬賵乇丞 賮賯胤 囟丿 鬲爻賱胤 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賲毓 賳馗乇鬲賴 丕賱丿賵賳賷丞 賱賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賲爻丨賵賯丞 丕賱孬丕卅乇丞
丕賲丕 丕賱賰丕賱賮賷賳賷丞 賮賴賵 賲匕賴亘 噩賴丕丿賷 亘丕賳 賱丕 賷賰賵賳 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賳賮爻賴 亘賱 賷鬲賲孬賱 毓馗賲丞 丕賱賱賴 丨爻亘 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賵 賷鬲賯丕胤毓 賲毓 丕賱賱賵孬乇賷丞 亘丕賱丕賷賲丕賳 丕賱賲亘賴賲 毓賳 胤乇賷賯 丕匕賱丕賱 丕賱賳賮爻 亘丨賰賲 丕賳 丕賱賱賴 賯賵賷 賵 賷丨賰賲 亘丕賱噩賳丞 賵 亘丕賱賳丕乇 毓賱賶 賲賳 賷卮丕亍 丿賵賳 丕爻亘丕亘 賵丕囟丨丞 賰毓賲賱 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕賵 丕乇丕丿鬲賴 賷鬲噩丕賴賱 丕賱賲匕賴亘賷賳 丕乇丕丿丞 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵 賷丿毓賵賴 賮賯胤 丕賱賶 丕賱鬲賲爻賰 亘賲丨亘丞 賴匕丕 丕賱乇亘 丕賱賯賵賷 賵 丕匕賱丕賱 丕賱賳賮爻 賵 丕賱賳馗乇丞 丕賱丿賵賳賷丞 賱賴丕 賮賷 馗賱 賴匕賴 丕賱賲丨亘丞 賵 賷賮爻乇 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 匕賱賰 賳賮爻賷丕 亘丕賱囟賷賯 賵 丕賳毓丿丕賲 丕賱丕賲賳 賵 丕賱睾乇亘丞 賵 丕賱卮賰 丕賱匕賷 賰丕賳鬲 鬲毓丕賳賷賴 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵 丕賱賮賯賷乇丞 賵 丕賱丨丕噩丞 丕賱賶 丕賲賱 亘爻賷胤 賵 丕賳毓賰爻 毓賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱丿賷賳 丕賱匕賷 丕毓鬲賳賯賴 丕賱賰孬賷乇賵賳 賲賳 賴丕鬲賷賳 丕賱胤亘賯鬲賷賳 丨賷孬 丕賳毓丿丕賲 丕賱噩丿賵賶 賲賳 毓賲賱 丕賱丕毓賲丕賱 丕賱氐丕賱丨 賱賵噩賵丿 丕賱賳賮爻 丕賱卮乇賷乇丞 賵 丕賱丕乇鬲賰丕夭 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丨亘丞 賵 丕賱丕賷賲丕賳 賮賯胤
丕卮丕乇 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱賶 丕賳 賰孬賷乇丕 賲賳 丕賱丕噩丕亘丕鬲 賱丕爻卅賱丞 毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 賴賷 賮賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 鬲毓亘乇 毓賳 賲丿賶 丕賱卮賰賵賰 丕賱睾賷乇 毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 賵 丕鬲賴賲 丕賱賲匕賴亘賷賳 亘丕賱鬲毓氐亘 賱匕丕鬲賴賲丕 丕賷 賴賲丕 賮賯胤 丕賱賮乇賯丞 丕賱賳丕噩賷丞 丕賱賵丨賷丿丞賵 丕賳丕 睾賷乇 丕賰賷丿丞 亘丕賱賲乇丞 賲賳 氐丨丞 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賵 禺丕氐丞 賮賷 馗賱 丿賮丕毓賴 毓賳 丕賱毓丕丿丕鬲 賵 丕賱鬲賯丕賱賷丿 丕賱賰丕孬賵賱賷賰賷丞 賮賷 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵 賱賵 亘胤乇賷賯丞 丨賷丕丿賷丞 賵 鬲賯賱賷丿賷丞 丕賱丕 丕賳 丕賱賳賵爻鬲賵賱賵噩賷丕 賰丕賳鬲 馗丕賴乇丞 噩丿丕 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱丿賮丕毓
亘賲乇賵乇 丕賱夭賲賳 爻丕賴賲鬲 丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲賷丞 亘鬲丨乇賷乇 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 乇賵丨賷丕 丕賲丕 丕賱乇丕爻賲丕賱賷丞 賮丨乇乇鬲賴 毓賯賱賷丕 賵 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丕 賵 爻賷丕爻賷丕 賵 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賵爻胤賶 亘胤賱丞 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲丨乇乇 賱賲 賷毓丿 丕賱賮乇丿 賲賯賷丿丕 亘賳馗丕賲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷 孬丕亘鬲 丕賵 鬲乇丕孬 丕賵 睾賷乇賴... 賵 賰賱賲丕 丕夭丿賷丕丿 丕賱鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷丞 賵 夭賷丕丿丞 丕賱囟睾胤 丕賱丿丕禺賱賷 丕賱賳賮爻賷 賱丿賶 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵 卮毓賵乇賴 亘丕賱毓噩夭 賵 丕賱賵丨丿丞 賵 丕賱賱丕噩丿賵賶 賵 丕賱毓夭賱丞 賰賲丕 匕賰乇鬲 爻丕亘賯丕
丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲賷丞 噩毓賱鬲 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賷賵丕噩賴 丕賱賱賴 賵丨賷丿丕 丕賲丕 丕賱賰丕鬲賵賱賷賰賷丞 賮賵囟毓鬲 毓賱丕賯丞 毓囟賵賷锟斤拷 亘賷賳 丕賱丕賳锟斤拷丕賳 賵 丕賱賱賴 丕賱丕 賵 賴賷丞 丕賱賰賳賷爻丞 賵 賷乇賶 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 丕賱丕賳爻丨丕賯 丕賱匕賷 賷毓丕賳賷 賲賳賴 丕賱賮乇丿 賵丨賷丿丕 賲丕賲 丕賱賱賴 賮賷 丕賱丨丕賱丞 丕賱丕賵賱賶 鬲賲丕賲丕 匕丕鬲 丕賱丕賳爻丨丕賯 鬲噩丕賴 丕賱胤丕亘毓 丕賱賮乇丿丕賳賷 賱賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 丕賱匕賷 賮乇囟鬲賴 丕賱乇丕爻賲丕賱賷丞 ( 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 丕賱賲丕賱 賲賳 賰賵賳賴 賵爻賷賱丞 丕賱賶 賴丿賮 ) 丕賱丕亘鬲毓丕丿 毓賳 丕賱賲賯賷丕爻 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳賷 賮賷 賰賱 卮卅 ... 毓賲賱賯丞 賰賱 卮卅 賰丕鬲爻丕毓 丕賱賲丿賳 丕賱丕亘乇丕噩 丕賱賲氐丕賳毓 賵 丕賱丕丨夭丕亘 丕賱毓賲賱丕賯丞 賵 ... 賵 鬲卮卅 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 亘賴丿賮 丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 毓賱賷賴
鬲賮爻賷乇 丨丕賱丞 丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賮賷 毓丕賲 1950 鬲賯乇賷亘丕 賵 丕賱丕賱鬲賯丕賮 丨賵賱 丕賱賮丕卮賷丞 亘丨丕賱丞 丕賱賯賱賯 丕賱賳賮爻賷 丕賱賲賵噩賵丿 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵 鬲賯爻賷賲 丕賱賳丕爻 丕賱賶 賳賲丕匕噩 : 賲丕夭賵禺賷 - 爻丕丿賷 - 鬲丿賲賷乇賷 ... 賵 賲賳 孬賲 丕賱亘丨孬 賮賷 爻賷賰賷賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賵 丕賱丕丨丿丕孬 丕賱鬲賷 賲乇鬲 亘賴丕 丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 賵 禺丕氐丞 亘毓丿 孬賵乇丞 1918 賵 鬲亘毓丕鬲賴丕 賮賷 丕賳毓丿丕賲 丕賱丕爻鬲賯乇丕乇 丕賱丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷 賵 賰爻乇 丕賱乇賲賵夭 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賵 鬲兀孬乇 丕賱胤亘賯鬲賷賳 丕賱賵爻胤賶 丕賱丿賳賷丕 賵 丕賱賮賯賷乇丞 爻賱亘丕 毓賱賶 賲丿賶 毓丿丞 爻賳賷賳 賲賲丕 賵賱丿 卮毓賵乇丕 亘毓丿賲 噩丿賵賶 丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 丕賱囟毓賷賮丞 丕賱賲鬲禺亘胤丞 賵 鬲賮囟賷賱 丕賱丨夭亘 丕賱丕賵丨丿 丕賱賯賵賷 賵 禺丕氐丞 丕賳丕 賴鬲賱乇 馗賴乇 賰 賵丕丨丿 賲賳 兀亘賳丕亍 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱賵爻胤賶 ... 丕匕賳 丕賱丕禺賮丕賯丕鬲 賵 卮毓賵乇丿 丕賱丕爻鬲賴丿丕賮 賵 丕賱丕囟胤賴丕丿 丕丿賶 丕賱賶 丕賱丕丨鬲賲丕亍 亘鬲毓馗賷賲 丕賱毓乇賯 丕賱毓賳氐乇賷 賵 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕賱 丕賱賶 丕賱賯賵丞 賵 丕毓鬲亘丕乇 丕賱賴噩賵賲 毓賱賶 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賴賵 賴噩賵賲 毓賱賶 丕賱賲丕賳賷丕 ( 鬲胤丕亘賯 丕賱丨夭亘 賲毓 丕賱賵胤賳 賮賷 馗賱 丕賱睾丕亍 亘賯賷丞 丕賱丕丨夭丕亘 賵 氐毓賵丿 賳噩賲 賴匕丕 丕賱丨夭亘 賰丨夭亘 賲禺賱氐 )賱賲丕 丕毓胤丕賴 賲賳 卮毓賵乇 亘丕賱丕賲丕賳 賵 夭賷丕丿丞 丕賱孬賯丞 丕賱噩賲毓賷丞 亘丕賱賳賮爻 賱賱卮毓亘 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷 賵 乇睾賲 氐毓賵丿 丕賱丨夭亘 賲賳 丕賱胤亘賯丕鬲 丕賱賵爻胤賶 丕賱丕 丕賳賴 丨丕賮馗 毓賱賶 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷丞 賵 卮丿 賲賳 兀夭乇賴丕 賵賴匕丕 丕賱丕賱鬲亘丕爻 賵 丕賱鬲賳丕賯囟 賳丕噩賲 毓賳 丕賳丕 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 亘丕賱丕氐賱 賳馗丕賲 乇丿賷賰丕賱賷 丕賳鬲賴丕夭賷 賱丕 賷爻鬲賳丿 丕賱賶 賯賵丕毓丿 丕賯鬲氐丕丿賷丞 賵丕囟丨丞
丕囟丕亍丞 毓賱賶 卮禺氐賷丞 賴鬲賱乇 爻丕丿賷丞 賲丕夭賵禺賷丞 鬲丿賲賷乇賷丞 賷丨鬲賯乇 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇 賵 賷丨亘賴丕 亘丕賳 賲毓丕 ... 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇 賰丕賱賲乇兀丞 鬲丨亘 丕賱賯賵賷 賵 鬲賳賮乇 賲賳 丕賱囟毓賷賮 ... 丕賱鬲賵賯賷鬲 丕賱賲賳丕爻亘 丕賱匕賷 鬲卮鬲丕賯 賮賷賴 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇 丕賱賶 丕賱賯賵丞 .. 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓 丕賱噩賲丕賴賷乇賷 賵 丕賱丕賯賳丕毓 亘丕賱鬲賮賵賯 丕賱賲胤賱賯 毓賱賶 丕賱丕禺乇 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮 睾賷乇 丕賱賲賳鬲賲賷 賱賱丕賲丞 丕賱丕乇賷丞 賵 乇睾賲 匕賱賰 鬲胤亘賷賯 丕賱噩賵乇 毓賱賷賴 賲賳 賯亘賱 丕賱爻賱胤丕鬲 丿賵賳 鬲賲乇丿 孬賳丕卅賷丞 丕賱爻丕丿賷丞 丕賱賲丕夭賵禺賷丞 ... 丕賱爻賱丕賲 亘丕賱爻賮 賵 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 丕賱卮毓亘 丕賱丕丿賳賶 賮賷 禺丿賲丞 丕賱卮毓亘 丕賱丕毓賱賶 丕鬲賴...丕鬲賴丕賲 丕毓丿丕卅賴 亘丕賱丕卮賷丕亍 毓賷賳賴丕 丕賱鬲賷 賷乇賶 丕賳賴丕 丕卮丿 丕賮毓丕賱賴 賲卮乇賵毓賷丞 賰丕鬲賴丕賲 賮乇賳爻丕 亘賲丨丕賵賱丞 丕賱爻賷胤乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賵乇亘丞 賵 丕賱卮賷賵毓賷賳 丕賱乇賵爻 亘丕賱賵丨卮賷丞 ... 丕丨鬲賯丕乇 丕賱孬賵乇賷賷賳 丕賱賵胤賳賷賷賳 丕賱囟毓賮丕亍 丕賱賲賳丕囟賱賷賳 賲賳 丕噩賱 丕賱丨乇賷丞 ( 丨亘 丕賱賯賵賷 賵 賰乇丕賴賷丞 丕賱囟毓賷賮 )... 丕賱賮乇丿 賱賷爻 卮卅 亘賲毓夭賱 毓賳 噩賲丕毓鬲賴 ( 賷爻鬲爻賱賲 丕賱賮乇丿 賵丕毓賷丕 氐丕賲鬲丕 賵 賷囟丨賷 賲亘鬲賴噩丕 ) 丕賱禺囟賵毓 賱賱噩賲丕毓丞 賵 賱賷爻 賱賱夭毓賷賲 ( 囟賲賳賷丕 ) 亘賳丕亍 賴乇賲賷 鬲爻賱爻賱賷 賰賱 賵丕丨丿 賱賴 賲賳 賴賵 丕丿賳賶 賲賳賴 ..丕賱丨賮丕馗 毓賱賶 胤亘賯丞 亘丨丕賱丞 鬲賯卮賮 賵 鬲賲丕賴賷 賵 丕賳氐賷丕毓 鬲丕賲 賲賳 丕賱賮賯乇丕亍 ( 賱丕賷賲賱賰賵賳 丕賱賶 丕賱卮毓丕乇丕鬲 ) ... 賮卮賱 孬賵乇丞 1918 毓夭丕賴丕 賱賱丕禺鬲賱丕胤 賲毓 丕賱丕睾賷丕乇 丕賱丕囟毓賮 賵 丕賱丕丿賳賶 賵 丕賱鬲丨丕賱賮 賲毓賴 ( 丕賱丕賯賱賷丕鬲 )賰丕賱賷賴賵丿 賵 睾賷乇賴賲
毓賵丿丞 丕賱賶 丕賱丨乇賷丞 ..兀孬乇 丕賱鬲乇亘賷丞 賵 丕賱賰亘鬲 賵 丕賱丕賲賱丕亍 賵 丕賱丕賮賰丕乇 丕賱噩丕賴夭丞 丨爻亘 鬲賵噩賴 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 ... 賲丕賴賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 ... 丕毓乇賮 賳賮爻賰 ( 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱丕氐賷賱 賵 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱噩丕賴夭 ) ... 賮賯丿丕賳 丕賱匕丕鬲 ... 乇兀賷 丕賱丕禺乇 亘丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵 兀孬乇賴
丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱丕賷噩丕亘賷丞 丕賳爻丕賳 丨乇 睾賷乇 賵丨賷丿 ...丕賱丨賮丕馗 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賱賯丕卅賷丞 爻賱賵賰 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 鬲毓亘賷乇 毓賳賴 賵 賱賷爻 鬲毓亘賷乇 毓賳 丕賳爻丕賳 丕賱賷 ( 丕賱孬賵乇賷 丕賱賳丕噩丨 爻賷丕爻賷 賵 丕賱賮丕卮賱 賲噩乇賲 ) ... 丕賱丨亘 丕賱鬲丕賰賷丿 丕賱鬲賱賯丕卅賷 賱賱丕禺乇賷賳 ... 丕賱賳賮爻 鬲賰賵賳 賯賵賷丞 亘賯丿乇 賲丕 鬲賰賵賳 賳卮胤丞
丕鬲賮賯 賲毓 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賮賷 亘毓囟 丕賱賳賯丕胤 賮賷賲丕 賷鬲毓賱賯 亘爻賱亘賷丕鬲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵 賱賰賳 鬲亘賮賶 丕賷噩丕亘賷丕鬲賴丕 睾賷乇 賲丨丿賵丿 賮賷 丨丕賱 丕賱毓賲賱 毓賱賶 丕氐賱丕丨 丕賱賮乇丿 賵 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賵 丕禺鬲賱賮 賲毓賴 賵 禺丕氐丞 賮賷 賲丕 賷鬲毓賱賯 賮賷 丕賱丨賰賲 毓賱賶 丕賱賲匕丕賴亘 丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲賷丞 賵 丕賱賰丕鬲賵賱賷賰賷丞
January 1, 2012
賯丿賲 賮乇賵賲 賲丐賱賮丞 丕賱賴乇亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 , 賰賲夭丕賲賳丞 賱匕乇賵丞 賴鬲賱乇 丕賱鬲爻賱胤賷丞 , 賱匕丕鬲賴 賮賷 丕賱賯賵丞 賵丕賱賴賷賲賳丞 丕賱匕賷 賷乇丕賴丕 賮賷 丕賱毓賲賯 賴乇亘 賲賳 丕賱毓噩夭 賵丕賱賱丕噩丿賵賷 廿賱賶 丕賱賯賵丞 .
賵賴賷 兀卮亘賴 賲丕 鬲賰賵賳 丿乇丕爻丞 毓乇賷囟丞 鬲毓丕賱噩 丕賱胤丕亘毓 丕賱賲賲賷夭 賱賳爻賷噩 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賵丕賱賲卮賰賱丕鬲 丕賱禺丕氐丞 丕賱賳賮爻賷丞 賵丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賵丕賱兀禺胤丕乇 丕賱乇丕賴賳丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲卮賷乇 廿賱賶 兀毓馗賲 丕賳噩丕夭丕鬲 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 亘賲丕 賮賷賴丕 馗賴賵乇 爻賲丞 丕賱賮乇丿賷丞 賵鬲賮乇丿 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 , 賵賲丿賶 賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賲賳 亘毓丿 賲丕 鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 賯賷賵丿 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲賳丨賴 丕賱丌賲丕賳 , 賵丨氐賵賱賴 賲賳 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 毓賱賶 丕賲鬲賱丕賰 丕賱毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 賵丕賱丕爻鬲賯賱丕賱 丕賱鬲賷 兀丿鬲 廿賱賶 毓夭賱鬲賴 賵毓噩夭賴 賵賯賱賯賱賴 毓賱賶 賲爻鬲賵賶 卮禺氐賷 .
賵賷乇賶 賲氐賷乇 賴匕賴 丕賱毓夭賱丞 卮賷亍 賱丕 賷購胤丕賯 賵丕賱亘丿丕卅賱 丕賱鬲賷 兀賲丕賲賴 賴賷 兀賲丕 丕賱賴乇亘 賲賳 丨賲賱 丕賱丨乇賷丞 廿賱賷 鬲亘毓賷丕鬲 噩丿賷丿丞 賵禺囟賵毓 噩丿賷丿 兀賵 丕賱鬲賯丿賲 丕賱賷 丕賱鬲丨賯賯 丕賱賰丕賲賱 賱賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱丕賷噩丕亘賷丞 丕賱賯丕卅賲丞 毓賱賶 鬲賮乇丿賷賴 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 .
賵賯丿賲 鬲卮禺賷氐 , 賱賱賳夭毓丞 丕賱鬲爻賱胤賷丞 賵丕賱鬲丿賲賷乇賷丞 賵鬲胤丕亘賯 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丌賱賷 , 賵爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賵丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 賵丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 , 賵賯乇丕亍丞 賮賷 禺賱賮賷丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵毓氐乇 丕賱賳賴囟丞 .
賵賴賷 兀卮亘賴 賲丕 鬲賰賵賳 丿乇丕爻丞 毓乇賷囟丞 鬲毓丕賱噩 丕賱胤丕亘毓 丕賱賲賲賷夭 賱賳爻賷噩 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賵丕賱賲卮賰賱丕鬲 丕賱禺丕氐丞 丕賱賳賮爻賷丞 賵丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賵丕賱兀禺胤丕乇 丕賱乇丕賴賳丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲卮賷乇 廿賱賶 兀毓馗賲 丕賳噩丕夭丕鬲 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 亘賲丕 賮賷賴丕 馗賴賵乇 爻賲丞 丕賱賮乇丿賷丞 賵鬲賮乇丿 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 , 賵賲丿賶 賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬 賲賳 亘毓丿 賲丕 鬲丨乇乇 賲賳 賯賷賵丿 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲賳丨賴 丕賱丌賲丕賳 , 賵丨氐賵賱賴 賲賳 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 毓賱賶 丕賲鬲賱丕賰 丕賱毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 賵丕賱丕爻鬲賯賱丕賱 丕賱鬲賷 兀丿鬲 廿賱賶 毓夭賱鬲賴 賵毓噩夭賴 賵賯賱賯賱賴 毓賱賶 賲爻鬲賵賶 卮禺氐賷 .
賵賷乇賶 賲氐賷乇 賴匕賴 丕賱毓夭賱丞 卮賷亍 賱丕 賷購胤丕賯 賵丕賱亘丿丕卅賱 丕賱鬲賷 兀賲丕賲賴 賴賷 兀賲丕 丕賱賴乇亘 賲賳 丨賲賱 丕賱丨乇賷丞 廿賱賷 鬲亘毓賷丕鬲 噩丿賷丿丞 賵禺囟賵毓 噩丿賷丿 兀賵 丕賱鬲賯丿賲 丕賱賷 丕賱鬲丨賯賯 丕賱賰丕賲賱 賱賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱丕賷噩丕亘賷丞 丕賱賯丕卅賲丞 毓賱賶 鬲賮乇丿賷賴 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 .
賵賯丿賲 鬲卮禺賷氐 , 賱賱賳夭毓丞 丕賱鬲爻賱胤賷丞 賵丕賱鬲丿賲賷乇賷丞 賵鬲胤丕亘賯 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丌賱賷 , 賵爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賵丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 賵丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 , 賵賯乇丕亍丞 賮賷 禺賱賮賷丞 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵毓氐乇 丕賱賳賴囟丞 .
October 28, 2021
Foreword
--The Fear of Freedom
Appendix: Character and the Social Process
Index
--The Fear of Freedom
Appendix: Character and the Social Process
Index
June 20, 2018
賳馗乇蹖賴鈥屰� 賮乇賵賲 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賲毓鬲亘乇鬲乇蹖賳 賳馗乇蹖賴鈥屬囏� 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 毓賵丕賲賱 馗賴賵乇 賮丕卮蹖爻賲 丕爻鬲. 丿乇
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乇賴丕 卮丿賳 丕夭 賯丿乇鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘乇賵賳蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇爻丕賳丿貙 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲賳賮蹖 (丌夭丕丿蹖 丕夭 趩蹖夭蹖) 賲蹖鈥屬嗀з呚�. 丕賳爻丕賳 丌夭丕丿 卮丿賴 禺賵丿 乇丕 鬲賳賴丕 賵 囟毓蹖賮 賲蹖鈥屰屫жㄘ� 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕 噩賴鬲鈥屰屫жㄛ� 讴賳丿 賵 丕夭 乇丕賴 丿蹖诏乇蹖 讴爻亘 丕蹖賲賳蹖 讴賳丿. 诏匕卮鬲賳 丕夭 賮乇丿蹖鬲貙 鬲爻賱蹖賲 賵 爻倬乇丿賳 禺賵丿 亘賴 賯丿乇鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘乇賵賳蹖貙 賵噩丿丕賳 賵 丌賳趩賴 丕賲乇賵夭 毓賳賵丕賳 芦毓賯賱 爻賱蹖賲 禄 丿丕乇丿貙 賴賲賴 鬲賱丕卮 丕賳爻丕賳 亘乇丕蹖 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 丿丕卅賲 丕賱鬲夭丕蹖丿 丕爻鬲. 丕賲丕 趩賵賳 讴賵丿讴 讴賴 賴乇诏夭 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 亘賴 乇丨賲 賲丕丿乇 亘丕夭 诏乇丿丿貙 賲丨丕賱 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賮乇丿 乇賵丨丕 爻蹖乇 鬲賮乇丿 乇丕 亘賴 毓賯亘 亘丕夭诏乇丿丕賳丿 賵 賴乇诏賵賳賴 讴賵卮卮 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丕賲乇 讴蹖賮蹖鬲 鬲爻賱蹖賲 亘賴 禺賵丿 賲蹖鈥屭屫必�.
賯丿乇鬲鈥屭必й屰� (賴賲丕賳 賵蹖跇诏蹖鈥屬囏й� 爻丕丿蹖爻鬲蹖- 賲丕夭賵禺蹖爻鬲蹖 讴賴 丌賳 乇丕 禺賵蹖 賯丿乇鬲鈥屭必� 賲蹖鈥屬嗀з呚�) 鬲禺乇蹖亘 賵 賴賲乇賳诏蹖鈥屬呚ж篡屬嗃� 爻賴 賲讴丕賳蹖爻賲 诏乇蹖夭蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀�. 賮乇丿 賴乇丕爻 夭丿賴 丿乇 噩爻鬲噩賵蹖 趩蹖夭蹖 爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 丌賳 亘蹖丕賵蹖夭丿貙 賳賮爻 賲賳賮乇丿 禺賵丿 乇丕 夭賲蹖賳 亘诏匕丕乇丿 賵 丿賵亘丕乇賴 丕丨爻丕爻 丕蹖賲賳蹖 讴賳丿. 賲丕夭賵禺蹖爻賲 賵爻蹖賱賴 丕蹖 爻鬲 亘乇丕蹖 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賴丿賮.
賲丕夭賵禺蹖爻賲 賵 賯胤亘 賲禺丕賱賮 丌賳 爻丕丿蹖爻賲 賴賲蹖卮賴 丿乇 蹖讴 禺賵蹖 噩賲毓 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 爻丕丿蹖爻鬲 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 鬲丨讴賲 讴賳丿貙 丕爻鬲孬賲丕乇 讴賳丿 賵 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 禺賵丿 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 爻丕夭丿. 胤乇賮 賲賯丕亘賱 趩賳丕賳 囟毓蹖賮 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲卮讴賱 亘鬲賵丕賳 鬲氐賵乇 讴乇丿 丌賳讴賴 賯賵蹖 爻鬲 亘賴 丌賳讴賴 丿乇 賮乇賲丕賳 丕爻鬲 賵丕亘爻鬲诏蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿. 丕賲丕 爻丕丿蹖爻鬲 亘賴 讴爻蹖 讴賴 丿乇 賮乇賲丕賳 丕賵爻鬲 賳蹖丕夭蹖 卮丿蹖丿 丿丕乇丿. 趩賴貙 亘丿賵賳 賵噩賵丿 丕賵 丕丨爻丕爻 賯丿乇鬲 賳禺賵丕賴丿 讴乇丿. 胤乇賮 賲賯丕亘賱 爻丕丿蹖爻鬲 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 賲毓卮賵賯 亘丕卮丿 賵 丌賳趩賴 亘賴 丌賳 賳丕賲 毓卮賯 賲蹖鈥屫囐嗀� 丕毓賲丕賱 賵 亘乇丌賵乇丿賳 賳蹖丕夭賴丕蹖 賳丕卮蹖 丕夭 爻丕丿蹖爻賲 賵 賲丕夭賵禺蹖爻賲 亘丕卮丿. 爻丕丿蹖爻鬲 诏賲丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ必� 讴賴 趩賵賳 丿賵爻鬲卮 丿丕乇丿 賲蹖禺賵丕賴丿 亘乇 丕賵 賲爻賱胤 卮賵丿 賵 賴丿賮 賴丕蹖卮 乇丕 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 讴賳丿. 丕賲丕 丨賯蹖賯鬲 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 趩賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 亘乇 丕賵 賲爻賱胤 卮賵丿 賵 毓胤卮 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 賯丿乇鬲 亘乇胤乇賮 賲蹖鈥屫池ж藏� 丿賵爻鬲卮 丿丕乇丿.
鬲賲賳丕蹖 賯丿乇鬲 亘丕 爻丕丿蹖爻賲 蹖讴蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 亘賱讴賴 丕蹖賳 鬲賲賳丕 亘丕乇夭鬲乇蹖賳 賳卮丕賳賴鈥屰� 爻丕丿蹖爻賲 丕爻鬲 賵 賲亘賳丕蹖 卮賴賵鬲 賯丿乇鬲 賳賴 賳蹖乇賵賲賳丿蹖 亘賱讴賴 囟毓賮 丕爻鬲. 賴賲乇賳诏蹖 賲丕卮蹖賳蹖貙 亘乇丌賵乇丿賳 丕賳鬲馗丕乇丕鬲 噩丕賲毓賴貙 芦亘賴鈥屬囐嗀ж甭� 亘賵丿賳貙 毓賲賱 賲胤丕亘賯 芦毓賯賱 爻賱蹖賲禄 賵 賴乇丌賳趩賴 鬲賵丕賳 鬲賮讴乇 賵 毓賲賱 禺賱丕賯丕賳賴 賵 賳賯丕丿丕賳賴 乇丕 丕夭 丕賳爻丕賳 亘诏蹖乇丿貙 賮乇丿蹖鬲 丕賵 乇丕 夭丕蹖賱 讴賳丿 賵 賲丕賳毓 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 禺賵丿丕賳诏蹖禺鬲賴 丕賳爻丕賳 亘丕 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 賵 胤亘毓蹖鬲 卮賵丿貙 亘丕 賲毓賳丕蹖 賲孬亘鬲 丌夭丕丿蹖 (丌夭丕丿蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丕賳噩丕賲 讴丕乇蹖) 賮丕氐賱賴鈥屰� 亘爻蹖丕乇 丿丕乇丿.鈥�
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴 亘乇乇爻蹖 爻蹖乇 鬲賮乇丿 賵 丿爻鬲蹖丕亘蹖 亘賴 丌夭丕丿蹖 丕夭 噩賳亘賴 蹖 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖貙 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖貙 乇賵丕賳蹖 賵 賳鬲丕蹖噩 丌賳 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж藏�. 丿乇 禺賱丕賱 丌賳 賲卮禺氐丕 亘賴 卮乇丕蹖胤蹖 讴賴 爻亘亘 馗賴賵乇 賮丕卮蹖爻賲 卮丿 賵 夭賲蹖賳賴 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 倬匕蹖乇卮 丌賳 賲賴蹖丕 讴乇丿 賲蹖鈥屬矩必ж藏�.
乇賴丕 卮丿賳 丕夭 賯丿乇鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘乇賵賳蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇爻丕賳丿貙 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 丌夭丕丿蹖 賲賳賮蹖 (丌夭丕丿蹖 丕夭 趩蹖夭蹖) 賲蹖鈥屬嗀з呚�. 丕賳爻丕賳 丌夭丕丿 卮丿賴 禺賵丿 乇丕 鬲賳賴丕 賵 囟毓蹖賮 賲蹖鈥屰屫жㄘ� 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕 噩賴鬲鈥屰屫жㄛ� 讴賳丿 賵 丕夭 乇丕賴 丿蹖诏乇蹖 讴爻亘 丕蹖賲賳蹖 讴賳丿. 诏匕卮鬲賳 丕夭 賮乇丿蹖鬲貙 鬲爻賱蹖賲 賵 爻倬乇丿賳 禺賵丿 亘賴 賯丿乇鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘乇賵賳蹖貙 賵噩丿丕賳 賵 丌賳趩賴 丕賲乇賵夭 毓賳賵丕賳 芦毓賯賱 爻賱蹖賲 禄 丿丕乇丿貙 賴賲賴 鬲賱丕卮 丕賳爻丕賳 亘乇丕蹖 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 丿丕卅賲 丕賱鬲夭丕蹖丿 丕爻鬲. 丕賲丕 趩賵賳 讴賵丿讴 讴賴 賴乇诏夭 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 亘賴 乇丨賲 賲丕丿乇 亘丕夭 诏乇丿丿貙 賲丨丕賱 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賮乇丿 乇賵丨丕 爻蹖乇 鬲賮乇丿 乇丕 亘賴 毓賯亘 亘丕夭诏乇丿丕賳丿 賵 賴乇诏賵賳賴 讴賵卮卮 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丕賲乇 讴蹖賮蹖鬲 鬲爻賱蹖賲 亘賴 禺賵丿 賲蹖鈥屭屫必�.
賯丿乇鬲鈥屭必й屰� (賴賲丕賳 賵蹖跇诏蹖鈥屬囏й� 爻丕丿蹖爻鬲蹖- 賲丕夭賵禺蹖爻鬲蹖 讴賴 丌賳 乇丕 禺賵蹖 賯丿乇鬲鈥屭必� 賲蹖鈥屬嗀з呚�) 鬲禺乇蹖亘 賵 賴賲乇賳诏蹖鈥屬呚ж篡屬嗃� 爻賴 賲讴丕賳蹖爻賲 诏乇蹖夭蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 亘乇乇爻蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀�. 賮乇丿 賴乇丕爻 夭丿賴 丿乇 噩爻鬲噩賵蹖 趩蹖夭蹖 爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 丌賳 亘蹖丕賵蹖夭丿貙 賳賮爻 賲賳賮乇丿 禺賵丿 乇丕 夭賲蹖賳 亘诏匕丕乇丿 賵 丿賵亘丕乇賴 丕丨爻丕爻 丕蹖賲賳蹖 讴賳丿. 賲丕夭賵禺蹖爻賲 賵爻蹖賱賴 丕蹖 爻鬲 亘乇丕蹖 乇爻蹖丿賳 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賴丿賮.
賲丕夭賵禺蹖爻賲 賵 賯胤亘 賲禺丕賱賮 丌賳 爻丕丿蹖爻賲 賴賲蹖卮賴 丿乇 蹖讴 禺賵蹖 噩賲毓 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀� 爻丕丿蹖爻鬲 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 鬲丨讴賲 讴賳丿貙 丕爻鬲孬賲丕乇 讴賳丿 賵 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 禺賵丿 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 爻丕夭丿. 胤乇賮 賲賯丕亘賱 趩賳丕賳 囟毓蹖賮 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賲卮讴賱 亘鬲賵丕賳 鬲氐賵乇 讴乇丿 丌賳讴賴 賯賵蹖 爻鬲 亘賴 丌賳讴賴 丿乇 賮乇賲丕賳 丕爻鬲 賵丕亘爻鬲诏蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮丿. 丕賲丕 爻丕丿蹖爻鬲 亘賴 讴爻蹖 讴賴 丿乇 賮乇賲丕賳 丕賵爻鬲 賳蹖丕夭蹖 卮丿蹖丿 丿丕乇丿. 趩賴貙 亘丿賵賳 賵噩賵丿 丕賵 丕丨爻丕爻 賯丿乇鬲 賳禺賵丕賴丿 讴乇丿. 胤乇賮 賲賯丕亘賱 爻丕丿蹖爻鬲 賲賲讴賳 丕爻鬲 賲毓卮賵賯 亘丕卮丿 賵 丌賳趩賴 亘賴 丌賳 賳丕賲 毓卮賯 賲蹖鈥屫囐嗀� 丕毓賲丕賱 賵 亘乇丌賵乇丿賳 賳蹖丕夭賴丕蹖 賳丕卮蹖 丕夭 爻丕丿蹖爻賲 賵 賲丕夭賵禺蹖爻賲 亘丕卮丿. 爻丕丿蹖爻鬲 诏賲丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ必� 讴賴 趩賵賳 丿賵爻鬲卮 丿丕乇丿 賲蹖禺賵丕賴丿 亘乇 丕賵 賲爻賱胤 卮賵丿 賵 賴丿賮 賴丕蹖卮 乇丕 鬲毓蹖蹖賳 讴賳丿. 丕賲丕 丨賯蹖賯鬲 丌賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 趩賵賳 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囏� 亘乇 丕賵 賲爻賱胤 卮賵丿 賵 毓胤卮 丕賵 乇丕 亘賴 賯丿乇鬲 亘乇胤乇賮 賲蹖鈥屫池ж藏� 丿賵爻鬲卮 丿丕乇丿.
鬲賲賳丕蹖 賯丿乇鬲 亘丕 爻丕丿蹖爻賲 蹖讴蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 亘賱讴賴 丕蹖賳 鬲賲賳丕 亘丕乇夭鬲乇蹖賳 賳卮丕賳賴鈥屰� 爻丕丿蹖爻賲 丕爻鬲 賵 賲亘賳丕蹖 卮賴賵鬲 賯丿乇鬲 賳賴 賳蹖乇賵賲賳丿蹖 亘賱讴賴 囟毓賮 丕爻鬲. 賴賲乇賳诏蹖 賲丕卮蹖賳蹖貙 亘乇丌賵乇丿賳 丕賳鬲馗丕乇丕鬲 噩丕賲毓賴貙 芦亘賴鈥屬囐嗀ж甭� 亘賵丿賳貙 毓賲賱 賲胤丕亘賯 芦毓賯賱 爻賱蹖賲禄 賵 賴乇丌賳趩賴 鬲賵丕賳 鬲賮讴乇 賵 毓賲賱 禺賱丕賯丕賳賴 賵 賳賯丕丿丕賳賴 乇丕 丕夭 丕賳爻丕賳 亘诏蹖乇丿貙 賮乇丿蹖鬲 丕賵 乇丕 夭丕蹖賱 讴賳丿 賵 賲丕賳毓 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 禺賵丿丕賳诏蹖禺鬲賴 丕賳爻丕賳 亘丕 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 賵 胤亘毓蹖鬲 卮賵丿貙 亘丕 賲毓賳丕蹖 賲孬亘鬲 丌夭丕丿蹖 (丌夭丕丿蹖 亘乇丕蹖 丕賳噩丕賲 讴丕乇蹖) 賮丕氐賱賴鈥屰� 亘爻蹖丕乇 丿丕乇丿.鈥�
May 2, 2018
丕爻賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘: 丕賱禺賵賮 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞
丕賱賲丐賱賮: 丕乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲
賳賵毓 丕賱賰鬲丕亘: 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷/賮賰乇賷/賳賮爻賷/賮賱爻賮賷
毓丿丿 丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲: 242
丕賱丿丕乇: 賲賰鬲亘丞 丿丕乇 丕賱賰賱賲丞
賲爻鬲賵賶 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 : 毓賲賷賯
賷鬲丨丿孬 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓賳 爻亘亘 賱噩賵亍 丕賱賮乇丿 賵 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 廿賱賶 丕賱丨賰賲 丕賱丕爻鬲亘丿丕丿賷 賲丨賱賱丕 賴匕賴 丕賱丕賳馗賲丞 賵 鬲鬲亘毓賷鬲賴丕 賮賷禺鬲氐 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷 賵 賴鬲賱乇 賲丨丕賵賱丕 鬲丨賱賷賱 卮禺氐賷鬲賴 賲乇賵乇丕 亘爻亘亘 鬲禺賱賷 丕賱卮毓亘 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷 毓賳 丨乇賷鬲賴 .
鬲丨丿孬 丕賷囟丕 毓賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賮賷 毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵 毓氐乇 丕賱賳賴囟丞 丕賱鬲賷 卮賴丿鬲 賳賯氐 賰亘賷乇 賮賷 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 賲乇賵乇丕 亘丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 丕賱鬲賷 卮賴丿鬲 鬲胤賵乇丕 賮賷 賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱賮乇丿賷丞 賱氐亘丨 丕賱賮乇丿 賰賱賲丕 鬲丨乇乇 丕賰孬乇 賷賲賷賱 賱賱毓夭賱丞 丕賰孬乇.
卮乇丨 賱丕爻亘丕亘 丕賱丕爻亘鬲丿丕丿 賲賳賴丕 丕賱卮毓賵乇 丕賱禺賵賮 賵 丕賱毓噩乇 賮賴賲丕 賰賮賷賱丕賳 亘兀賳 賷氐賳毓丕 丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞 賵 丕賱丕爻鬲亘丿丕丿 .
卮乇丨 賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲氐胤賱丨丕鬲 賲賳賴丕 丕賱爻丕丿賷丞 "丕賱賲賷賱 丕賱賶 丕賱鬲爻賱胤 毓賱賶 丕賱丕禺乇賷賳 " 賵 丕賱賲丕夭賵禺賷丞 "丕賱賲賷賱 丕賱賶 丕禺囟丕毓 丕賱賳賮爻 丕賱賶 爻賱胤丞 賲丕" 賵 乇亘胤賴丕 亘丕賱賮乇丿 賵 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賱賷賯賱賷 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賶 卮禺氐賷丞 賴鬲賱乇 爻丕丿賷丞 賲丕夭賵禺賷丞.
鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 賵 鬲丨乇賷乇賴丕 賱賱賮乇丿 賲賳 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賯賷賵丿 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷丞.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 睾賳賷 亘丕賱鬲賮爻賷乇丕鬲 賵 丕賱賲氐胤賱丨丕鬲 丕賱賳賮爻賷丞 賵 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵 丕賱毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱賲賮賷丿丞 .
毓賷亘 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱賵丨賷丿 爻賵亍 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 .
丕賱賲丐賱賮: 丕乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲
賳賵毓 丕賱賰鬲丕亘: 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷/賮賰乇賷/賳賮爻賷/賮賱爻賮賷
毓丿丿 丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲: 242
丕賱丿丕乇: 賲賰鬲亘丞 丿丕乇 丕賱賰賱賲丞
賲爻鬲賵賶 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 : 毓賲賷賯
賷鬲丨丿孬 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 毓賳 爻亘亘 賱噩賵亍 丕賱賮乇丿 賵 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 廿賱賶 丕賱丨賰賲 丕賱丕爻鬲亘丿丕丿賷 賲丨賱賱丕 賴匕賴 丕賱丕賳馗賲丞 賵 鬲鬲亘毓賷鬲賴丕 賮賷禺鬲氐 丕賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷 賵 賴鬲賱乇 賲丨丕賵賱丕 鬲丨賱賷賱 卮禺氐賷鬲賴 賲乇賵乇丕 亘爻亘亘 鬲禺賱賷 丕賱卮毓亘 丕賱丕賱賲丕賳賷 毓賳 丨乇賷鬲賴 .
鬲丨丿孬 丕賷囟丕 毓賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賮賷 毓氐賵乇 丕賱賵爻胤賶 賵 毓氐乇 丕賱賳賴囟丞 丕賱鬲賷 卮賴丿鬲 賳賯氐 賰亘賷乇 賮賷 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 賲乇賵乇丕 亘丕賱毓氐賵乇 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 丕賱鬲賷 卮賴丿鬲 鬲胤賵乇丕 賮賷 賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱賮乇丿賷丞 賱氐亘丨 丕賱賮乇丿 賰賱賲丕 鬲丨乇乇 丕賰孬乇 賷賲賷賱 賱賱毓夭賱丞 丕賰孬乇.
卮乇丨 賱丕爻亘丕亘 丕賱丕爻亘鬲丿丕丿 賲賳賴丕 丕賱卮毓賵乇 丕賱禺賵賮 賵 丕賱毓噩乇 賮賴賲丕 賰賮賷賱丕賳 亘兀賳 賷氐賳毓丕 丕賱毓亘賵丿賷丞 賵 丕賱丕爻鬲亘丿丕丿 .
卮乇丨 賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱賲氐胤賱丨丕鬲 賲賳賴丕 丕賱爻丕丿賷丞 "丕賱賲賷賱 丕賱賶 丕賱鬲爻賱胤 毓賱賶 丕賱丕禺乇賷賳 " 賵 丕賱賲丕夭賵禺賷丞 "丕賱賲賷賱 丕賱賶 丕禺囟丕毓 丕賱賳賮爻 丕賱賶 爻賱胤丞 賲丕" 賵 乇亘胤賴丕 亘丕賱賮乇丿 賵 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 賱賷賯賱賷 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賶 卮禺氐賷丞 賴鬲賱乇 爻丕丿賷丞 賲丕夭賵禺賷丞.
鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱丿賷賲賯乇丕胤賷丞 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 賵 鬲丨乇賷乇賴丕 賱賱賮乇丿 賲賳 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賯賷賵丿 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷丞.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 睾賳賷 亘丕賱鬲賮爻賷乇丕鬲 賵 丕賱賲氐胤賱丨丕鬲 丕賱賳賮爻賷丞 賵 丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 賵 丕賱毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱賲賮賷丿丞 .
毓賷亘 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱賵丨賷丿 爻賵亍 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丞 .
May 11, 2012
Yes, this is still a very important book even though it was written in 1942. It is mainly focused on the concept of freedom from the medieval times to the period before WWII. He points to weaknesses both in the (at the time) communist East and capitalist West, but (not surprisingly) his fiercest critique is that of the nazi ideology and the kind of man that Goebbels and Hitler wanted to create (a subordinated, disciplined creature, with a lack of critical thinking, etc.).
One thing in particular is interesting in this book. Fromm makes it clear that human beings have certain traits that are in accord with their nature, but that these traits can be hidden to view - human beings can delude themselves and act against their own good, even though they believe that they are actually acting according to their free will. It's easy to see why Fromm clashed so much with behaviourists, but - even though some of Fromm's opinions, colored by those of his teacher Freud, are a bit outdated - it's easy for me to say that Fromm is definitely the winner and Skinner the loser.
As Fromm points out, one can be fooled by a poison that tastes good but nonetheless kills you, and of course society can work in the same way as a whole. Look at how we mistreat our mother Earth and her natural resourses, endangering our whole species because whe want a certain material standard. That human beings want to preserve their own species is maybe not an objective fact, but it is still an ideal that one can contrast different lifestyles towards.
Bottom line: Fromm's main point is that human beings want freedom - this is part of our nature. However, if society at large is a cold and unfriendly space, and our mental life is plagued with difficulties, many human beings tend to search for extreme solutions just to feel safer; they can't handle the freedom given to them and so authoritarian alternatives show their ugly faces. Still true today, so therefore I recommend this book to everyone.
One thing in particular is interesting in this book. Fromm makes it clear that human beings have certain traits that are in accord with their nature, but that these traits can be hidden to view - human beings can delude themselves and act against their own good, even though they believe that they are actually acting according to their free will. It's easy to see why Fromm clashed so much with behaviourists, but - even though some of Fromm's opinions, colored by those of his teacher Freud, are a bit outdated - it's easy for me to say that Fromm is definitely the winner and Skinner the loser.
As Fromm points out, one can be fooled by a poison that tastes good but nonetheless kills you, and of course society can work in the same way as a whole. Look at how we mistreat our mother Earth and her natural resourses, endangering our whole species because whe want a certain material standard. That human beings want to preserve their own species is maybe not an objective fact, but it is still an ideal that one can contrast different lifestyles towards.
Bottom line: Fromm's main point is that human beings want freedom - this is part of our nature. However, if society at large is a cold and unfriendly space, and our mental life is plagued with difficulties, many human beings tend to search for extreme solutions just to feel safer; they can't handle the freedom given to them and so authoritarian alternatives show their ugly faces. Still true today, so therefore I recommend this book to everyone.
April 17, 2015
賰鬲丕亘 乇丕卅毓 賵賯乇丕亍鬲賴 賱丕夭賲丞
賲賵噩賵丿賳 , 賱賰賳 賱丕 賳毓乇賮 賲丕 丕賱匕賷 賷噩亘 兀賳 賳賮毓賱賴 丨賷丕賱 匕賱賰
賳丿賾毓賷 兀賳賳丕 兀丨乇丕乇 賵賱丕 賳賲丕乇爻 兀賷 丨乇賷賾丞 賵賱丕 賳賮毓賱 亘丨乇賷賾鬲賳丕 卮賷卅丕賸
賱賵 氐丿賯 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 兀賳賴 丨乇 賵噩亘 毓賱賷賴 兀賳 賷鬲丨賲賱 丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷丞
賵噩賵丿賳丕 亘丿賵賳 亘丿賵賳 廿丿乇丕賰賳丕 賰賲 賳丨賳 兀丨乇丕乇 賵噩賵丿 賲卮賵賾賴
賲賵噩賵丿賳 , 賱賰賳 賱丕 賳毓乇賮 賲丕 丕賱匕賷 賷噩亘 兀賳 賳賮毓賱賴 丨賷丕賱 匕賱賰
賳丿賾毓賷 兀賳賳丕 兀丨乇丕乇 賵賱丕 賳賲丕乇爻 兀賷 丨乇賷賾丞 賵賱丕 賳賮毓賱 亘丨乇賷賾鬲賳丕 卮賷卅丕賸
賱賵 氐丿賯 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 兀賳賴 丨乇 賵噩亘 毓賱賷賴 兀賳 賷鬲丨賲賱 丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷丞
賵噩賵丿賳丕 亘丿賵賳 亘丿賵賳 廿丿乇丕賰賳丕 賰賲 賳丨賳 兀丨乇丕乇 賵噩賵丿 賲卮賵賾賴
April 26, 2021
鈥淲ir wissen, da脽 Armut, Einsch眉chterung und Isolierung lebensfeindlich sind und da脽 alles, was der Freiheit dient und was den Mut und die Kraft f枚rdert, wir selbst zu sein, lebensf枚rdernd ist.鈥�
Freiheit ist in der Tat ein gro脽er Begriff, und wenn man mit Erich Fromm zwischen der 鈥濬reiheit von鈥�, das hei脽t der Entledigung des modernen Menschen von 眉berkommenem Aberglauben und althergebrachten gesellschaftlichen Zw盲ngen der Ungleichheit, und der 鈥濬reiheit zu鈥�, das hei脽t der jedem Menschen potentiell innewohnenden M枚glichkeit, seine eigenen M枚glichkeiten zur Gestaltung seines Lebens auszusch枚pfen und dabei in Kontakt mit seinem spontanen inneren Ich zu gelangen, unterscheidet, dann wird alles noch komplizierter. Aber es erkl盲rt sich damit eben auch, warum der Mensch, und besonders Menschen in ihrer Gesamtheit, wohl immer ein krummes Holz bleiben werden. Fromm schrieb Die Furcht vor der Freiheit im amerikanischen Exil, wohl nicht zuletzt, um sich zu erkl盲ren, warum faschistische Bewegungen in vielen L盲ndern Europas einen solchen Erfolg verbuchen konnten, nachdem doch scheinbar der Humanismus und in einem weiteren Schritt das Zeitalter der Aufkl盲rung den Menschen seiner gesellschaftlichen und mentalen Zw盲nge entledigt hatten. Unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Entwicklung des Menschen zur Freiheit hin mu脽 das 20. Jahrhundert f眉r jeden, der diese teleologische Auffassung teilte, eine gro脽e Ern眉chterung gebracht haben, und Fromm versucht diesen R眉ckschlag damit zu erkl盲ren, da脽 er konstatierte, da脽 der Mensch dazu neigt, den Wegfall traditioneller Ordnungen 鈥� wie beispielsweise des Zunftwesens im Mittelalter 鈥� mit dem Gef眉hl eigener Bedeutungslosigkeit und Isolation zu verbinden. Die Freiheit 鈥瀡on鈥� den Zw盲ngen f眉hre nicht notwendigerweise zu einer Freiheit 鈥瀦u鈥� einer bestm枚glichen Nutzung eigener Potentiale, vor allem dann nicht, wenn der die meisten Menschen innerhalb einer gegebenen Gesellschaft charakterlich noch nicht reif genug seien, um ihre Freiheit im Sinne ihrer eigenen Pers枚nlichkeitsentfaltung zu nutzen. Statt dessen k枚nne es sein, da脽 sie beispielsweise die Flucht ins Autorit盲re antreten, indem sie sich neue 盲u脽ere Instanzen suchten, die es ihnen erm枚glichen, ihre eigene Existenz an einem neuen h枚heren Zwecke auszurichten, wie dies beispielsweise im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland zu beobachten sei, wo die Devise 鈥濪u bist nichts, dein Volk ist alles鈥� eine Projektionsfl盲che f眉r den Wunsch nach der Unterordnung der eigenen Individualit盲t unter ein vermeintlich gr枚脽eres 鈥� letztlich aber immer destruktives 鈥� Ziel biete.
Doch auch in demokratischen Gesellschaften macht Erich Fromm die selbstverneinende Tendenz des unreifen Individuums aus, n盲mlich im Hang zum Konformismus, der darin bestehe, da脽 sich die Menschen ein fremdbestimmtes Denken, F眉hlen und Wollen aufst眉lpen lie脽en. Im Bereich des Denkens beispielsweise geschehe dies, indem ein Mensch nicht aus eigenem Denken und Abw盲gen zu einer bestimmten Meinung komme, sondern indem er eben das als seine eigene 脺berzeugung wiederk盲ut, was ihm hundertfach als der Gehalt der 枚ffentlichen Meinung von den Medien vorgestellt wird. Es sei eben f眉r das eigene Wohlbefinden beruhigender, wenn man sich in seinen Anschauungen, Werturteilen und seinen Zielen nicht isoliert w盲hnt, sondern im Verein mit einer gro脽en Anzahl ebenso Denkender, Urteilender und Wollender. Besonders in diesem Teil seiner Abhandlung, in dem er von der Automatisierung des Individuums spricht, gewinnt Fromms Buch meiner Meinung nach eine hohe Aktualit盲t, und zwar aus mindestens zwei Gr眉nden.
Zum einen erscheinen die meisten der uns heute bewegenden Sachfragen so komplex und verworren, da脽 es den meisten von uns als ein unm枚gliches Unterfangen scheint, sich mit allen ihren Einzelheiten und den dazugeh枚rigen Fakten vertraut zu machen. K枚nnen wir dem Experten X allein vertrauen, oder sollen wir auch die Ausf眉hrungen des Experten Y zu Rate ziehen, um uns unser eigenes Urteil zu bilden? Und was ist mit den Erkenntnissen der Experten Z, A und B? Wer von uns ist mit dem Fachchinesisch, in dem wissenschaftliche Studien verfa脽t sind, schon so vertraut, da脽 einmaliges Lesen auch klares Verst盲ndnis bringt? Weil eine eingehende Besch盲ftigung mit auch nur einer einzigen gesellschaftlichen Frage deshalb ein hohes Ma脽 an Zeit, Konzentration und Wissen erfordern w眉rde, sind wir meist geneigt, uns aus dem zu informieren, was die Leitmedien uns als Zusammenfassung dieser Sachfragen anbieten, vergessen dabei allerdings, da脽 es sich hierbei nicht um Informationen aus erster Hand handelt, sondern um geistig Vorverdautes und wohl auch Vorselektiertes. Wird uns dann eine Erkenntnis als wissenschaftlicher Konsens dargestellt, so tritt bei uns meist der Gedanke in den Vordergrund, da脽 es damit wohl seine Richtigkeit haben m眉sse, wenn doch die Mehrheit der Experten 鈥� aber auch da m眉ssen wir uns ja auf das Wort der vorverdauenden Medien verlassen 鈥� zu diesem und keinem anderen Schlu脽 gekommen sind. Dabei 眉bersehen wir aber, da脽 es f眉r die Richtigkeit einer Anschauung keine Rolle spielt, wie viele Experten sie vertreten, und da脽 es in der Geschichte immer wieder Beispiele daf眉r gab, da脽 sich die Anschauung einer Minderheit im nachhinein als wissenschaftlich haltbarer erwies als diejenige, die von einer Mehrheit verfochten wurde. So soll Albert Einstein beim Anblick eines Buches mit dem Titel 鈥濰undert Autoren gegen Einstein鈥� einmal gesagt haben: 鈥濿arum einhundert? Wenn sie Recht h盲tten, w眉rde ein einziger gen眉gen.鈥�
Der zweite Punkt, der es schwer macht, in der heutigen Zeit durch eigenes Denken zu einer eigenen Meinung zu kommen, besteht in der zunehmenden Moralisierung des 枚ffentlichen Diskurses und veranschaulicht das, was Fromm mit der Automatisierung des F眉hlens gemeint haben k枚nnte. Wenn man keine Ahnung von einer Sache habe, k枚nne man immer noch trefflich 眉ber sie moralisieren, urteilte der neuseel盲ndische Politologe Kenneth Minogue einmal, doch l盲脽t sich das Moralisieren auch als Waffe einsetzen, um Andersdenkende aufgrund vermeintlicher und unterstellter moralischer Defizite unter Rechtfertigungszwang zu stellen und als Au脽enseiter zu brandmarken. Mehr und mehr werden gesellschaftliche Fragen und vor allem die Positionierung zu ihnen heutzutage moralisch aufgeladen, und gerade dies tr盲gt zum Konformismus bei, denn wenn sein Wesen darin besteht, sich m枚glichst auf der richtigen Seite w盲hnen zu wollen, mit all den anderen, die auf der richtigen Seite sind, dann d眉rfte klar sein, da脽 gerade auf einem moralisch aufgeladenen Spielfeld die Grenzen umso sch盲rfer gezogen sind und es viel Mut und Festigkeit erfordert, in einem solchen Diskurs entgegen der Mehrheit oder einer eine solche f眉r sich reklamierenden lautstarken Minderheit auf seine eigene Meinung zu bestehen. Ich verkneife es mir hier einmal, konkrete Beispiele f眉r eine solche bigotte und manipulative Moralisierung zu nennen, zumal dies auch offensichtlich ist.
W盲hrend Fromms Ausf眉hrungen vor allem hinsichtlich des Fluchtmechanismus des Konformismus, aber auch im Hinblick auf seine Unterscheidung zwischen der 鈥濬reiheit von鈥� und der 鈥濬reiheit zu鈥� heute aktueller denn je sein d眉rften, mutet sein grundlegender Optimismus gerade in unserer heutigen Situation doch ein wenig naiv an. Auch scheint er nicht erkannt zu haben, da脽 der Sozialismus sowohl in seiner Theorie als auch zweifellos in seinen konkreten Auswirkungen den totalit盲ren Ideologien, die er zu Recht kritisiert, gar nicht einmal so un盲hnlich ist. Trotz vereinzelter Kritikpunkte war mir die Lekt眉re dieses Buches, vor allem auch des Teils, in dem er die Gesellschaften des Mittelalters mit denen der fr眉hen Neuzeit unter psychologischen Gesichtspunkten miteinander verglich und in dem er Kritik an Luther and Calvin 盲u脽erte, ein gro脽er Augen枚ffner und Gedankenanreger.
Freiheit ist in der Tat ein gro脽er Begriff, und wenn man mit Erich Fromm zwischen der 鈥濬reiheit von鈥�, das hei脽t der Entledigung des modernen Menschen von 眉berkommenem Aberglauben und althergebrachten gesellschaftlichen Zw盲ngen der Ungleichheit, und der 鈥濬reiheit zu鈥�, das hei脽t der jedem Menschen potentiell innewohnenden M枚glichkeit, seine eigenen M枚glichkeiten zur Gestaltung seines Lebens auszusch枚pfen und dabei in Kontakt mit seinem spontanen inneren Ich zu gelangen, unterscheidet, dann wird alles noch komplizierter. Aber es erkl盲rt sich damit eben auch, warum der Mensch, und besonders Menschen in ihrer Gesamtheit, wohl immer ein krummes Holz bleiben werden. Fromm schrieb Die Furcht vor der Freiheit im amerikanischen Exil, wohl nicht zuletzt, um sich zu erkl盲ren, warum faschistische Bewegungen in vielen L盲ndern Europas einen solchen Erfolg verbuchen konnten, nachdem doch scheinbar der Humanismus und in einem weiteren Schritt das Zeitalter der Aufkl盲rung den Menschen seiner gesellschaftlichen und mentalen Zw盲nge entledigt hatten. Unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Entwicklung des Menschen zur Freiheit hin mu脽 das 20. Jahrhundert f眉r jeden, der diese teleologische Auffassung teilte, eine gro脽e Ern眉chterung gebracht haben, und Fromm versucht diesen R眉ckschlag damit zu erkl盲ren, da脽 er konstatierte, da脽 der Mensch dazu neigt, den Wegfall traditioneller Ordnungen 鈥� wie beispielsweise des Zunftwesens im Mittelalter 鈥� mit dem Gef眉hl eigener Bedeutungslosigkeit und Isolation zu verbinden. Die Freiheit 鈥瀡on鈥� den Zw盲ngen f眉hre nicht notwendigerweise zu einer Freiheit 鈥瀦u鈥� einer bestm枚glichen Nutzung eigener Potentiale, vor allem dann nicht, wenn der die meisten Menschen innerhalb einer gegebenen Gesellschaft charakterlich noch nicht reif genug seien, um ihre Freiheit im Sinne ihrer eigenen Pers枚nlichkeitsentfaltung zu nutzen. Statt dessen k枚nne es sein, da脽 sie beispielsweise die Flucht ins Autorit盲re antreten, indem sie sich neue 盲u脽ere Instanzen suchten, die es ihnen erm枚glichen, ihre eigene Existenz an einem neuen h枚heren Zwecke auszurichten, wie dies beispielsweise im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland zu beobachten sei, wo die Devise 鈥濪u bist nichts, dein Volk ist alles鈥� eine Projektionsfl盲che f眉r den Wunsch nach der Unterordnung der eigenen Individualit盲t unter ein vermeintlich gr枚脽eres 鈥� letztlich aber immer destruktives 鈥� Ziel biete.
Doch auch in demokratischen Gesellschaften macht Erich Fromm die selbstverneinende Tendenz des unreifen Individuums aus, n盲mlich im Hang zum Konformismus, der darin bestehe, da脽 sich die Menschen ein fremdbestimmtes Denken, F眉hlen und Wollen aufst眉lpen lie脽en. Im Bereich des Denkens beispielsweise geschehe dies, indem ein Mensch nicht aus eigenem Denken und Abw盲gen zu einer bestimmten Meinung komme, sondern indem er eben das als seine eigene 脺berzeugung wiederk盲ut, was ihm hundertfach als der Gehalt der 枚ffentlichen Meinung von den Medien vorgestellt wird. Es sei eben f眉r das eigene Wohlbefinden beruhigender, wenn man sich in seinen Anschauungen, Werturteilen und seinen Zielen nicht isoliert w盲hnt, sondern im Verein mit einer gro脽en Anzahl ebenso Denkender, Urteilender und Wollender. Besonders in diesem Teil seiner Abhandlung, in dem er von der Automatisierung des Individuums spricht, gewinnt Fromms Buch meiner Meinung nach eine hohe Aktualit盲t, und zwar aus mindestens zwei Gr眉nden.
Zum einen erscheinen die meisten der uns heute bewegenden Sachfragen so komplex und verworren, da脽 es den meisten von uns als ein unm枚gliches Unterfangen scheint, sich mit allen ihren Einzelheiten und den dazugeh枚rigen Fakten vertraut zu machen. K枚nnen wir dem Experten X allein vertrauen, oder sollen wir auch die Ausf眉hrungen des Experten Y zu Rate ziehen, um uns unser eigenes Urteil zu bilden? Und was ist mit den Erkenntnissen der Experten Z, A und B? Wer von uns ist mit dem Fachchinesisch, in dem wissenschaftliche Studien verfa脽t sind, schon so vertraut, da脽 einmaliges Lesen auch klares Verst盲ndnis bringt? Weil eine eingehende Besch盲ftigung mit auch nur einer einzigen gesellschaftlichen Frage deshalb ein hohes Ma脽 an Zeit, Konzentration und Wissen erfordern w眉rde, sind wir meist geneigt, uns aus dem zu informieren, was die Leitmedien uns als Zusammenfassung dieser Sachfragen anbieten, vergessen dabei allerdings, da脽 es sich hierbei nicht um Informationen aus erster Hand handelt, sondern um geistig Vorverdautes und wohl auch Vorselektiertes. Wird uns dann eine Erkenntnis als wissenschaftlicher Konsens dargestellt, so tritt bei uns meist der Gedanke in den Vordergrund, da脽 es damit wohl seine Richtigkeit haben m眉sse, wenn doch die Mehrheit der Experten 鈥� aber auch da m眉ssen wir uns ja auf das Wort der vorverdauenden Medien verlassen 鈥� zu diesem und keinem anderen Schlu脽 gekommen sind. Dabei 眉bersehen wir aber, da脽 es f眉r die Richtigkeit einer Anschauung keine Rolle spielt, wie viele Experten sie vertreten, und da脽 es in der Geschichte immer wieder Beispiele daf眉r gab, da脽 sich die Anschauung einer Minderheit im nachhinein als wissenschaftlich haltbarer erwies als diejenige, die von einer Mehrheit verfochten wurde. So soll Albert Einstein beim Anblick eines Buches mit dem Titel 鈥濰undert Autoren gegen Einstein鈥� einmal gesagt haben: 鈥濿arum einhundert? Wenn sie Recht h盲tten, w眉rde ein einziger gen眉gen.鈥�
Der zweite Punkt, der es schwer macht, in der heutigen Zeit durch eigenes Denken zu einer eigenen Meinung zu kommen, besteht in der zunehmenden Moralisierung des 枚ffentlichen Diskurses und veranschaulicht das, was Fromm mit der Automatisierung des F眉hlens gemeint haben k枚nnte. Wenn man keine Ahnung von einer Sache habe, k枚nne man immer noch trefflich 眉ber sie moralisieren, urteilte der neuseel盲ndische Politologe Kenneth Minogue einmal, doch l盲脽t sich das Moralisieren auch als Waffe einsetzen, um Andersdenkende aufgrund vermeintlicher und unterstellter moralischer Defizite unter Rechtfertigungszwang zu stellen und als Au脽enseiter zu brandmarken. Mehr und mehr werden gesellschaftliche Fragen und vor allem die Positionierung zu ihnen heutzutage moralisch aufgeladen, und gerade dies tr盲gt zum Konformismus bei, denn wenn sein Wesen darin besteht, sich m枚glichst auf der richtigen Seite w盲hnen zu wollen, mit all den anderen, die auf der richtigen Seite sind, dann d眉rfte klar sein, da脽 gerade auf einem moralisch aufgeladenen Spielfeld die Grenzen umso sch盲rfer gezogen sind und es viel Mut und Festigkeit erfordert, in einem solchen Diskurs entgegen der Mehrheit oder einer eine solche f眉r sich reklamierenden lautstarken Minderheit auf seine eigene Meinung zu bestehen. Ich verkneife es mir hier einmal, konkrete Beispiele f眉r eine solche bigotte und manipulative Moralisierung zu nennen, zumal dies auch offensichtlich ist.
W盲hrend Fromms Ausf眉hrungen vor allem hinsichtlich des Fluchtmechanismus des Konformismus, aber auch im Hinblick auf seine Unterscheidung zwischen der 鈥濬reiheit von鈥� und der 鈥濬reiheit zu鈥� heute aktueller denn je sein d眉rften, mutet sein grundlegender Optimismus gerade in unserer heutigen Situation doch ein wenig naiv an. Auch scheint er nicht erkannt zu haben, da脽 der Sozialismus sowohl in seiner Theorie als auch zweifellos in seinen konkreten Auswirkungen den totalit盲ren Ideologien, die er zu Recht kritisiert, gar nicht einmal so un盲hnlich ist. Trotz vereinzelter Kritikpunkte war mir die Lekt眉re dieses Buches, vor allem auch des Teils, in dem er die Gesellschaften des Mittelalters mit denen der fr眉hen Neuzeit unter psychologischen Gesichtspunkten miteinander verglich und in dem er Kritik an Luther and Calvin 盲u脽erte, ein gro脽er Augen枚ffner und Gedankenanreger.
December 13, 2013
Although I'd read quite a bit of Fromm already and had heard some of his radio lectures, I hadn't yet read his early Escape from Freedom (aka Fear of Freedom). Since it was one of the books on the core list of the "great books" college my youngest stepbrother was attending in Waukegan, Illinois and since I was hoping for a job there, I picked out the old copy on the bookshelf and read it quickly one afternoon at Panini Panini, a cafe on North Sheridan Road here in East Rogers Park, Chicago.
I wasn't impressed. Generalized psychological approaches to sociological topics are not very interesting because they are usually very obvious and usually not challenging. Perhaps when the book was first published in 1941, while both Freud and Hitler were still about, when psychoanalysis was still current and war was raging in Europe and Asia, perhaps then it would have been provocative or insightful.
I wasn't impressed. Generalized psychological approaches to sociological topics are not very interesting because they are usually very obvious and usually not challenging. Perhaps when the book was first published in 1941, while both Freud and Hitler were still about, when psychoanalysis was still current and war was raging in Europe and Asia, perhaps then it would have been provocative or insightful.
December 3, 2020
丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 - 廿賷乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲
鬲乇噩賲丞: 賲丨賲賵丿 賲賳賯匕 丕賱賴丕卮賲賷
Escape from Freedom - Erich Fromm
丕賯鬲亘丕爻 1
丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞
丕賯鬲亘丕爻 2
鬲賲丕孬賱 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丌賱賷 賵丕賱鬲賱賵賷賳 丕賱賵賯丕卅賷
"賵丕賮鬲乇丕囟 兀賳 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞 賱賱鬲睾賱亘 毓賱賶 丕賱賵丨丿丞 賴賷 氐賷乇賵乇丞 丕賱賲乇亍 廿賳爻丕賳丕 丌賱賷丕貙 賷賳丕賯囟 廿丨丿賶 兀賵爻毓 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱賲鬲毓賱賯丞 亘丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕 賮賷 孬賯丕賮鬲賳丕 -賷賯氐丿 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞-. 廿匕 賷購賮鬲乇囟 兀賳 兀賰孬乇賷鬲賳丕 兀丨乇丕乇 賮賷 兀賳 賷賮賰乇賵丕 賵賷卮毓乇賵丕 賵賷鬲氐乇賮賵丕 賰賲丕 賷卮丕丐賵賳".
"廿賳 廿丨賱丕賱 丕賱匕丕鬲 賵廿丨賱丕賱 匕丕鬲 夭丕卅賮丞 賲丨賱賴丕 賷鬲乇賰 丕賱賮乇丿 賮賷 丨丕賱丞 卮丿賷丿丞 賲賳 賮賯丿丕賳 丕賱兀賲賳貙 賵賷爻鬲丨賵匕 毓賱賷賴 丕賱卮賰 賲丕 丿丕賲 賯丿 賮賯丿 賴購賵賷鬲賴 亘賯丿乇 賲丕貙 亘賲丕 兀賳賴 亘賲丕賴賷鬲賴 丕賳毓賰丕爻 賱鬲賵賯毓 丕賱丌禺乇賷賳 賲賳賴貙 賵賱賱鬲睾賱亘 毓賱賶 丕賱賴賱毓 丕賱賳丕噩賲 毓賳 賲孬賱 賴匕丕 丕賱賮賯丿丕賳 賱賱賴賵賷丞貙 賷購乇睾賲 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賲丕孬賱貙 毓賱賶 丕賱亘丨孬 毓賳 賴賵賷鬲賴 亘丕爻鬲丨爻丕賳 丕賱丌禺乇賷賳貙 賵丕毓鬲乇丕賮賴賲 亘賴 亘氐賵乇丞 賲爻鬲賲乇丞".
賰丕賳鬲 乇丨賱丞 賲丕鬲毓丞 賮賷 兀睾賱亘賴丕 賲毓 廿賷乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲貙 賵賰丕賳鬲 賮賯乇丞 (鬲賲丕孬賱 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丌賱賷) 賲賳 賮氐賱 (丌賱賷丕鬲 丕賱賴乇賵亘) 賲賳 兀乇賵毓 賲賯丕胤毓 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貨 丨賷孬 賰丕賳 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱夭丕卅賮丞 賵丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱夭丕卅賮貙 賵丕賱廿丨爻丕爻 丕賱夭丕卅賮貙 賵丕賱廿乇丕丿丞 丕賱夭丕卅賮丞貙 賵丕賱賯乇丕乇丕鬲 丕賱夭丕卅賮丞..
賰鬲丕亘 賲賲賷賾夭
鬲乇噩賲丞: 賲丨賲賵丿 賲賳賯匕 丕賱賴丕卮賲賷
Escape from Freedom - Erich Fromm
丕賯鬲亘丕爻 1
丕賱賴乇賵亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞
丕賯鬲亘丕爻 2
鬲賲丕孬賱 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丌賱賷 賵丕賱鬲賱賵賷賳 丕賱賵賯丕卅賷
"賵丕賮鬲乇丕囟 兀賳 丕賱胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱胤亘賷毓賷丞 賱賱鬲睾賱亘 毓賱賶 丕賱賵丨丿丞 賴賷 氐賷乇賵乇丞 丕賱賲乇亍 廿賳爻丕賳丕 丌賱賷丕貙 賷賳丕賯囟 廿丨丿賶 兀賵爻毓 丕賱兀賮賰丕乇 丕賱賲鬲毓賱賯丞 亘丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕 賮賷 孬賯丕賮鬲賳丕 -賷賯氐丿 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞-. 廿匕 賷購賮鬲乇囟 兀賳 兀賰孬乇賷鬲賳丕 兀丨乇丕乇 賮賷 兀賳 賷賮賰乇賵丕 賵賷卮毓乇賵丕 賵賷鬲氐乇賮賵丕 賰賲丕 賷卮丕丐賵賳".
"廿賳 廿丨賱丕賱 丕賱匕丕鬲 賵廿丨賱丕賱 匕丕鬲 夭丕卅賮丞 賲丨賱賴丕 賷鬲乇賰 丕賱賮乇丿 賮賷 丨丕賱丞 卮丿賷丿丞 賲賳 賮賯丿丕賳 丕賱兀賲賳貙 賵賷爻鬲丨賵匕 毓賱賷賴 丕賱卮賰 賲丕 丿丕賲 賯丿 賮賯丿 賴購賵賷鬲賴 亘賯丿乇 賲丕貙 亘賲丕 兀賳賴 亘賲丕賴賷鬲賴 丕賳毓賰丕爻 賱鬲賵賯毓 丕賱丌禺乇賷賳 賲賳賴貙 賵賱賱鬲睾賱亘 毓賱賶 丕賱賴賱毓 丕賱賳丕噩賲 毓賳 賲孬賱 賴匕丕 丕賱賮賯丿丕賳 賱賱賴賵賷丞貙 賷購乇睾賲 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賲丕孬賱貙 毓賱賶 丕賱亘丨孬 毓賳 賴賵賷鬲賴 亘丕爻鬲丨爻丕賳 丕賱丌禺乇賷賳貙 賵丕毓鬲乇丕賮賴賲 亘賴 亘氐賵乇丞 賲爻鬲賲乇丞".
賰丕賳鬲 乇丨賱丞 賲丕鬲毓丞 賮賷 兀睾賱亘賴丕 賲毓 廿賷乇賷賰 賮乇賵賲貙 賵賰丕賳鬲 賮賯乇丞 (鬲賲丕孬賱 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丌賱賷) 賲賳 賮氐賱 (丌賱賷丕鬲 丕賱賴乇賵亘) 賲賳 兀乇賵毓 賲賯丕胤毓 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貨 丨賷孬 賰丕賳 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱夭丕卅賮丞 賵丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱夭丕卅賮貙 賵丕賱廿丨爻丕爻 丕賱夭丕卅賮貙 賵丕賱廿乇丕丿丞 丕賱夭丕卅賮丞貙 賵丕賱賯乇丕乇丕鬲 丕賱夭丕卅賮丞..
賰鬲丕亘 賲賲賷賾夭
July 17, 2020
鬲丨賱賷賱 賲賲鬲丕夭 賷爻鬲丨賯 丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱毓氐乇 賲毓 丕爻鬲丨囟丕乇 爻賷丕賯 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴 毓賱賶 賷丿 毓丕賱賲 賳賮爻 賷賴賵丿賷 賴乇亘 賲賳 賴鬲賱乇 廿賱賶 兀賲乇賷賰丕 兀孬賳丕亍 丕賱丨乇亘.
August 24, 2015
賷鬲賳丕賵賱 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘鬲賵爻毓 噩丕賳亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵賴賵 毓噩夭 賵夭毓夭毓丞 丕賱賮乇丿 丕賱賲賳毓夭賱 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱丨丿賷孬 丕賱匕賷 兀氐亘丨 賲鬲丨乇乇丕 賲賳 噩賲賷毓 丕賱乇賵丕亘胤 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 鬲毓胤賷 賲毓賳賶 賱賱丨賷丕丞 賵兀賲賳丕貙 賵丨賷孬 兀賳 丕賱賮乇丿 賱丕 賷爻鬲胤賷毓 鬲丨賲賱 賴匕賴 丕賱毓夭賱丞貙 賮賴賵 賰賰丕卅賳 賲賳毓夭賱 毓丕噩夭 鬲賲丕賲丕 亘丕賱賲賯丕乇賳丞 賲毓 丕賱毓丕賱賲 禺丕乇噩賴 賵賲賳 孬賲 賮賴賵 禺丕卅賮 賲賳賴 丨鬲賶 丕賱兀毓賲丕賯. 賵亘爻亘亘 毓夭賱鬲賴 賮廿賳 賵丨丿丞 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賯丿 鬲丨胤賲鬲 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 廿賱賷賴 賵賮賯丿 賰賱 賳賯胤丞 鬲賵噩賷賴貙 賱賴匕丕 賯賴乇鬲賴 丕賱卮賰賵賰 丨賵賱 賳賮爻賴 賵賲毓賳賶 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賵兀賷 賲亘丿兀 賷爻鬲胤賷毓 亘賴 兀賳 賷賵噩賴 兀賮毓丕賱賴. 賵賱賰賷 賷丨賷丕 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賮廿賳賴 丨丕賵賱 丕賱賴乇亘 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丨乇賷丞 丕賱爻賱亘賷丞 賱賷賳爻丕賯 禺賱賮 賯賷賵丿 噩丿賷丿丞 廿賲丕 亘丕賱禺囟賵毓 賲噩丿丿丕 賱夭毓賷賲 賰賲丕 丨丿孬 賮賷 丕賱亘賱丿丕賳 丕賱賮丕卮賷丞貙 賵廿賲丕 亘丕賱鬲胤丕亘賯 丕賱丕囟胤乇丕乇賷 賲毓 丕賱賳賲丕匕噩 丕賱爻丕卅丿丞 賵丕賱賲鬲賯亘賱丞 賰賲丕 賷丨丿孬 賮賷 丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丕鬲 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞.
賵賱賱禺乇賵噩 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丕卮賰丕賱賷丞 賷乇賶 賮乇賵賲 兀賳 丕賱丨賱 賷賰賲賳 賮賷 丕賱鬲丨賯賯 丕賱賰丕賲賱 賱賱丨乇賷丞 賱丿賶 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳, 丕賱丨乇賷丞 亘丕賱賲毓賳賶 丕賱廿賷噩丕亘賷 丕賱禺丕氐 亘鬲丨賯賯 匕丕鬲賴 丕賱賮乇丿賷丞 賵丕賱鬲毓亘賷乇 毓賳 廿賲賰丕賳賷丕鬲賴 丕賱毓賯賱賷丞 丕賱丕賳賮毓丕賱賷丞 賵丕賱丨爻賷丞.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賯爻賲 廿賱賶 爻亘毓丞 賮氐賵賱.
丕賱兀賵賱 亘毓賳賵丕賳: 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賴賱 賴賷 賲卮賰賱丞 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞責 賷亘賷賳 賮賷賴 兀賴賲賷丞 丿賵乇 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 賱賮賴賲 賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱丨乇賷丞.
丕賱孬丕賳賷: 亘夭賵睾 丕賱賮乇丿 賵囟亘丕亘賷丞 丕賱丨乇賷丞.
賷亘丨孬 賮賷 鬲卮賰賱 賯賷賲丞 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵丕賱賮乇丿賷丞 賱丿賶 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳.
丕賱孬丕賱孬: 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賮賷 毓氐乇 丕賱廿氐賱丕丨.
賷賯賵賲 亘鬲丨賱賷賱 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 賱兀孬乇 鬲卮賰賱 賲賮丕賴賷賲 丕賱賮乇丿賷丞 賵丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 毓賱賶 廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱賵爻胤賶貙 賲賲丕 丿毓丕賴 廿賱賶 鬲亘賳賷 賲毓鬲賯丿丕鬲 丿賷賳賷丞 (丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲賳鬲丕賳賷丞) 賰賷 鬲賱亘賷 丕賱丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 丕賱賳賮爻賷丞 丕賱噩丿賷丿丞. 賲賳 孬賲 鬲丨賱賷賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲毓鬲賯丿丕鬲 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丕.
丕賱乇丕亘毓: 噩丕賳亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 毓賳丿 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬
賷亘丨孬 賮賷 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 丕賱賱丕丨賯 賱賱丨乇賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 丕賱匕賷 兀孬乇 賮賷 丕賱丕鬲噩丕賴 賳賮爻賴 丕賱匕賷 亘丿兀 賮賷 賮鬲乇丞 毓賴丿 丕賱廿氐賱丕丨.
丕賱禺丕賲爻: 兀爻丕賱賷亘 丕賱賴乇賵亘
賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賮氐賱 賷亘丨孬 賮賷 兀爻丕賱賷亘 丕賱賴乇亘 賲賳 丕賱毓夭賱丞 賵丕賱賵丨丿丞 毓亘乇 孬賱丕孬丞 丌賱賷丕鬲: 佟- 丕賱賳夭毓丞 丕賱鬲爻賱胤賷丞 佗- 丕賱鬲丿賲賷乇賷丞 伲- 丕賲鬲孬丕賱 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕賱丌賱賷.
丕賱爻丕丿爻: 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞
賷鬲賳丕賵賱 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賮氐賱, 丕賱馗乇賵賮 丕賱禺丕氐丞 亘兀賱賲丕賳賷丕 丕賱鬲賷 噩毓賱鬲 噩丕賳亘丕 賲賳 爻賰丕賳賴丕 兀乇囟丕 禺氐亘丕 賱賱兀賷丿賵賱賵噩賷丞 賵鬲胤亘賷賯丕 爻賷丕爻賷丕 賷鬲賵噩賴丕賳 廿賱賶 賳賲胤 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 丕賱鬲爻賱胤賷丞.
丕賱爻丕亘毓: 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丞
毓丕賱噩 賮賷賴 兀亘乇夭 賲卮賰賱丕鬲 丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丞 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞貙 賵賴賷 兀賵賴丕賲 丕賱鬲賮乇丿賷丞貙 丕賱賲爻丨賵乇丞 亘賳賲賵 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賲賳 丕賱爻賱胤丕鬲 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷丞 賲賴賲賱丞 噩丕賳亘丕 賴丕賲丕 賵賴賵 丿賵乇 丕賱囟睾賵胤 賵丕賱賲禺丕賵賮 丕賱亘丕胤賳賷丞 賰丕賱乇兀賷 丕賱毓丕賲 賵丕賱丨爻 丕賱賲卮鬲乇賰 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賯賵賲 亘鬲賯賵賷囟 賲毓賳賶 丕賱丕賳鬲氐丕乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 兀丨乇夭鬲賴丕 丕賱丨乇賷丞 囟丿 兀毓丿丕卅賴丕 丕賱鬲賯賱丿賷賷賳. 賵賷賯丿賲 丕賱丨賱 賮賷賲丕 兀爻賲丕賴 亘丕賱賳卮丕胤 丕賱鬲賱賯丕卅賷 丕賱匕賷 賷爻鬲胤賷毓 亘賴 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 兀賳 賷賯賴乇 乇毓亘 丕賱賵丨丿丞 丿賵賳 鬲囟丨賷丞 亘鬲賰丕賲賱 賳賮爻賴貙 賮賮賷 丕賱鬲丨賯賯 丕賱鬲賱賯丕卅賷 賱賱賳賮爻 賷鬲丨丿
丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賲賳 噩丿賷丿 亘丕賱毓丕賱賲 賵亘丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵亘賳賮爻賴.
亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 廿賱賷 賰丕賳 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱兀禺賷乇 兀賰孬乇 賲丕 兀孬丕乇 丕賴鬲賲丕賲賷貙 鬲賳丕賵賱 賮賷賴 亘丕賱鬲丨賱賷賱 賰孬賷乇丕 賲賳 廿卮賰丕賱賷丕鬲 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 賲賳 賲孬賱:
- 廿囟毓丕賮 卮噩丕毓丞 丕賱卮禺氐 賮賷 丕賱鬲毓亘賷乇 丕賱鬲賱賯丕卅賷 賮賷 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賲噩丕賱丕鬲貙 丨賷孬 賷乇賮囟 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 "丕賱丕賳賮毓丕賱丕鬲" 賵賷毓丿賴丕 賲乇丕丿賮丕 賱毓丿賲 丕賱丕鬲夭丕賳. 賲賲丕 兀丿賶 廿賱賶 鬲賮乇賷睾 鬲賱賰 丕賱丕賳賮毓丕賱丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱毓丕胤賮丞 丕賱乇禺賷氐丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲購睾匕賷 亘賴丕 丕賱爻賷賳賲丕 賵丕賱丕睾賳賷丕鬲 丕賱卮毓亘賷丞 賲賱丕賷賷賳 丕賱賳丕爻.
- 丕賱賲賳丕賴噩 丕賱鬲乇亘賵賷丞 丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲卮噩毓 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱兀氐賷賱貙 丨賷孬 鬲賯賵賲 毓賱賶 丕賱禺乇丕賮丞 丕賱爻丕卅丿丞 兀賳賴 亘賲毓乇賮丞 丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱丨賯丕卅賯 賷氐賱 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 廿賱賶 賲毓乇賮丞 丕賱賵丕賯毓貙 賮賷鬲賲 丨卮賵 丕賱鬲賱丕賲賷匕 亘賲卅丕鬲 賲賳 丕賱丨賯丕卅賯 丕賱賲亘毓孬乇丞 賵睾賷乇 丕賱賲鬲乇丕亘胤丞 賵賷鬲賲 丕賱丕爻鬲賷賱丕亍 毓賱賶 賵賯鬲賴賲 賵胤丕賯鬲賴賲 亘鬲毓賱賷賲賴賲 丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱丨賯丕卅賯 賱丿乇噩丞 賱丕 鬲鬲乇賰 賱賴賲 賮乇丕睾丕 賱賱鬲賮賰賷乇. 賮賷 丨賷賳 兀賳 "丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲" 賵丨丿賴丕 鬲卮賰賱 毓賯亘丞 賮賷 賵噩賴 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 鬲賲丕賲丕 賲孬賱 毓丿賲 賵噩賵丿賴丕.
- 丕賱賳夭毓丞 賮賷 丕毓鬲亘丕乇 噩賲賷毓 丕賱丨賯丕卅賯 賳爻亘賷丞貙 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲噩毓賱 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 匕丕鬲賷丞 鬲賲丕賲丕 亘賱 鬲賰丕丿 鬲賰賵賳 賲爻兀賱丞 匕賵賯貙 賲賲丕 賷丐丿賷 廿賱賶 賮賯丿丕賳 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 亘丕毓孬賴 丕賱噩賵賴乇賷 (丕賱亘丨孬 毓賳 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞) 賵亘丿賱丕 賲賳 賴匕丕 賷氐亘丨 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 噩賴丕夭丕 賱鬲卮噩賷毓 賵鬲爻賲賷丞 丕賱賵賯丕卅毓.
- 賳夭毓丞 鬲毓賯賷丿 丕賱賲卮賰賱丕鬲 賵廿馗賴丕乇賴丕 亘卮賰賱 賱丕 賷噩毓賱 丕賱賮乇丿 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤 賯丕丿乇丕 毓賱賶 丕爻鬲賷毓丕亘賴丕貙 亘乇睾賲 賲賳 兀賳 賰孬賷乇丕 賲賳 丕賱賲卮丕賰賱 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 賱賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱賮乇丿賷丞 賵丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 亘爻賷胤丞 賱賱睾丕賷丞貙 賲賲丕 賷賴夭賾 孬賯丞 丕賱賳丕爻 賮賷 賯丿乇鬲賴賲 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 賱丨賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲卮賰賱丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賴賲賴賲.
- 卮賱 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 賳賯丿賷丕 亘鬲丨胤賷賲 兀賷 氐賵乇丞 賲卮賷丿丞 賱賱毓丕賱賲. 賮鬲賮賯丿 丕賱賵賯丕卅毓 丕賱賲噩夭兀丞 氐賮鬲賴丕 丕賱賳賵毓賷丞賵賱丕 鬲丨鬲賮馗 廿賱丕 亘賲毓賳賶 賰賲賷 賲噩乇丿. 賵賴賰匕丕 賷氐亘丨 賲賵賯賮賳丕 賲賲丕 賷噩乇賷 賷鬲氐賮 亘丕賱爻胤丨賷丞 賵毓丿賲 丕賱丕賰鬲乇丕孬.
- 賳賯氐 丕賱兀氐丕賱丞 賮賷 賮毓賱 丕賱丕乇丕丿丞貙 賮賮賷 丨賷賳 兀賳 賲毓馗賲 丕賱賳丕爻 鬲毓乇賮 賲丕 鬲乇賷丿 賮廿賳賴丕 賱丕 鬲鬲賵賯賮 賱丨馗丞 賱爻丐丕賱 賳賮爻賴丕 廿賳 賰丕賳鬲 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賴丿丕賮 賴賷 賲丕 鬲乇賷丿賴 丨賯丕.
丕賱賲孬賷乇 兀賳 鬲兀賱賷賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰丕賳 賮賷 佟侃伽佗 賮賷 兀賵噩 賯賵丞 丕賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賮賷 兀賵乇亘丕.
賵賱賱禺乇賵噩 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丕卮賰丕賱賷丞 賷乇賶 賮乇賵賲 兀賳 丕賱丨賱 賷賰賲賳 賮賷 丕賱鬲丨賯賯 丕賱賰丕賲賱 賱賱丨乇賷丞 賱丿賶 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳, 丕賱丨乇賷丞 亘丕賱賲毓賳賶 丕賱廿賷噩丕亘賷 丕賱禺丕氐 亘鬲丨賯賯 匕丕鬲賴 丕賱賮乇丿賷丞 賵丕賱鬲毓亘賷乇 毓賳 廿賲賰丕賳賷丕鬲賴 丕賱毓賯賱賷丞 丕賱丕賳賮毓丕賱賷丞 賵丕賱丨爻賷丞.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賯爻賲 廿賱賶 爻亘毓丞 賮氐賵賱.
丕賱兀賵賱 亘毓賳賵丕賳: 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賴賱 賴賷 賲卮賰賱丞 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞責 賷亘賷賳 賮賷賴 兀賴賲賷丞 丿賵乇 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 賱賮賴賲 賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱丨乇賷丞.
丕賱孬丕賳賷: 亘夭賵睾 丕賱賮乇丿 賵囟亘丕亘賷丞 丕賱丨乇賷丞.
賷亘丨孬 賮賷 鬲卮賰賱 賯賷賲丞 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵丕賱賮乇丿賷丞 賱丿賶 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳.
丕賱孬丕賱孬: 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賮賷 毓氐乇 丕賱廿氐賱丕丨.
賷賯賵賲 亘鬲丨賱賷賱 鬲丕乇賷禺賷 賱兀孬乇 鬲卮賰賱 賲賮丕賴賷賲 丕賱賮乇丿賷丞 賵丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷丞 毓賱賶 廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱賯乇賵賳 丕賱賵爻胤賶貙 賲賲丕 丿毓丕賴 廿賱賶 鬲亘賳賷 賲毓鬲賯丿丕鬲 丿賷賳賷丞 (丕賱亘乇賵鬲爻鬲賳鬲丕賳賷丞) 賰賷 鬲賱亘賷 丕賱丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 丕賱賳賮爻賷丞 丕賱噩丿賷丿丞. 賲賳 孬賲 鬲丨賱賷賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲毓鬲賯丿丕鬲 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丕.
丕賱乇丕亘毓: 噩丕賳亘 賲賳 丕賱丨乇賷丞 毓賳丿 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨丿賷孬
賷亘丨孬 賮賷 丕賱鬲胤賵乇 丕賱賱丕丨賯 賱賱丨乇賷丞 賮賷 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 丕賱匕賷 兀孬乇 賮賷 丕賱丕鬲噩丕賴 賳賮爻賴 丕賱匕賷 亘丿兀 賮賷 賮鬲乇丞 毓賴丿 丕賱廿氐賱丕丨.
丕賱禺丕賲爻: 兀爻丕賱賷亘 丕賱賴乇賵亘
賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賮氐賱 賷亘丨孬 賮賷 兀爻丕賱賷亘 丕賱賴乇亘 賲賳 丕賱毓夭賱丞 賵丕賱賵丨丿丞 毓亘乇 孬賱丕孬丞 丌賱賷丕鬲: 佟- 丕賱賳夭毓丞 丕賱鬲爻賱胤賷丞 佗- 丕賱鬲丿賲賷乇賷丞 伲- 丕賲鬲孬丕賱 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 丕賱丌賱賷.
丕賱爻丕丿爻: 爻賷賰賵賱賵噩賷丞 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞
賷鬲賳丕賵賱 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賮氐賱, 丕賱馗乇賵賮 丕賱禺丕氐丞 亘兀賱賲丕賳賷丕 丕賱鬲賷 噩毓賱鬲 噩丕賳亘丕 賲賳 爻賰丕賳賴丕 兀乇囟丕 禺氐亘丕 賱賱兀賷丿賵賱賵噩賷丞 賵鬲胤亘賷賯丕 爻賷丕爻賷丕 賷鬲賵噩賴丕賳 廿賱賶 賳賲胤 丕賱卮禺氐賷丞 丕賱鬲爻賱胤賷丞.
丕賱爻丕亘毓: 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賵丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丞
毓丕賱噩 賮賷賴 兀亘乇夭 賲卮賰賱丕鬲 丕賱丿賷賲賵賯乇丕胤賷丞 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞貙 賵賴賷 兀賵賴丕賲 丕賱鬲賮乇丿賷丞貙 丕賱賲爻丨賵乇丞 亘賳賲賵 丕賱丨乇賷丞 賲賳 丕賱爻賱胤丕鬲 丕賱禺丕乇噩賷丞 賲賴賲賱丞 噩丕賳亘丕 賴丕賲丕 賵賴賵 丿賵乇 丕賱囟睾賵胤 賵丕賱賲禺丕賵賮 丕賱亘丕胤賳賷丞 賰丕賱乇兀賷 丕賱毓丕賲 賵丕賱丨爻 丕賱賲卮鬲乇賰 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賯賵賲 亘鬲賯賵賷囟 賲毓賳賶 丕賱丕賳鬲氐丕乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 兀丨乇夭鬲賴丕 丕賱丨乇賷丞 囟丿 兀毓丿丕卅賴丕 丕賱鬲賯賱丿賷賷賳. 賵賷賯丿賲 丕賱丨賱 賮賷賲丕 兀爻賲丕賴 亘丕賱賳卮丕胤 丕賱鬲賱賯丕卅賷 丕賱匕賷 賷爻鬲胤賷毓 亘賴 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 兀賳 賷賯賴乇 乇毓亘 丕賱賵丨丿丞 丿賵賳 鬲囟丨賷丞 亘鬲賰丕賲賱 賳賮爻賴貙 賮賮賷 丕賱鬲丨賯賯 丕賱鬲賱賯丕卅賷 賱賱賳賮爻 賷鬲丨丿
丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賲賳 噩丿賷丿 亘丕賱毓丕賱賲 賵亘丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵亘賳賮爻賴.
亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 廿賱賷 賰丕賳 丕賱賮氐賱 丕賱兀禺賷乇 兀賰孬乇 賲丕 兀孬丕乇 丕賴鬲賲丕賲賷貙 鬲賳丕賵賱 賮賷賴 亘丕賱鬲丨賱賷賱 賰孬賷乇丕 賲賳 廿卮賰丕賱賷丕鬲 丕賱丨囟丕乇丞 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 賲賳 賲孬賱:
- 廿囟毓丕賮 卮噩丕毓丞 丕賱卮禺氐 賮賷 丕賱鬲毓亘賷乇 丕賱鬲賱賯丕卅賷 賮賷 噩賲賷毓 丕賱賲噩丕賱丕鬲貙 丨賷孬 賷乇賮囟 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 "丕賱丕賳賮毓丕賱丕鬲" 賵賷毓丿賴丕 賲乇丕丿賮丕 賱毓丿賲 丕賱丕鬲夭丕賳. 賲賲丕 兀丿賶 廿賱賶 鬲賮乇賷睾 鬲賱賰 丕賱丕賳賮毓丕賱丕鬲 賮賷 丕賱毓丕胤賮丞 丕賱乇禺賷氐丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲購睾匕賷 亘賴丕 丕賱爻賷賳賲丕 賵丕賱丕睾賳賷丕鬲 丕賱卮毓亘賷丞 賲賱丕賷賷賳 丕賱賳丕爻.
- 丕賱賲賳丕賴噩 丕賱鬲乇亘賵賷丞 丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲丞 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲卮噩毓 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱兀氐賷賱貙 丨賷孬 鬲賯賵賲 毓賱賶 丕賱禺乇丕賮丞 丕賱爻丕卅丿丞 兀賳賴 亘賲毓乇賮丞 丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱丨賯丕卅賯 賷氐賱 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 廿賱賶 賲毓乇賮丞 丕賱賵丕賯毓貙 賮賷鬲賲 丨卮賵 丕賱鬲賱丕賲賷匕 亘賲卅丕鬲 賲賳 丕賱丨賯丕卅賯 丕賱賲亘毓孬乇丞 賵睾賷乇 丕賱賲鬲乇丕亘胤丞 賵賷鬲賲 丕賱丕爻鬲賷賱丕亍 毓賱賶 賵賯鬲賴賲 賵胤丕賯鬲賴賲 亘鬲毓賱賷賲賴賲 丕賱賲夭賷丿 賲賳 丕賱丨賯丕卅賯 賱丿乇噩丞 賱丕 鬲鬲乇賰 賱賴賲 賮乇丕睾丕 賱賱鬲賮賰賷乇. 賮賷 丨賷賳 兀賳 "丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲" 賵丨丿賴丕 鬲卮賰賱 毓賯亘丞 賮賷 賵噩賴 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 鬲賲丕賲丕 賲孬賱 毓丿賲 賵噩賵丿賴丕.
- 丕賱賳夭毓丞 賮賷 丕毓鬲亘丕乇 噩賲賷毓 丕賱丨賯丕卅賯 賳爻亘賷丞貙 賵丕賱鬲賷 鬲噩毓賱 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 匕丕鬲賷丞 鬲賲丕賲丕 亘賱 鬲賰丕丿 鬲賰賵賳 賲爻兀賱丞 匕賵賯貙 賲賲丕 賷丐丿賷 廿賱賶 賮賯丿丕賳 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 亘丕毓孬賴 丕賱噩賵賴乇賷 (丕賱亘丨孬 毓賳 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞) 賵亘丿賱丕 賲賳 賴匕丕 賷氐亘丨 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 噩賴丕夭丕 賱鬲卮噩賷毓 賵鬲爻賲賷丞 丕賱賵賯丕卅毓.
- 賳夭毓丞 鬲毓賯賷丿 丕賱賲卮賰賱丕鬲 賵廿馗賴丕乇賴丕 亘卮賰賱 賱丕 賷噩毓賱 丕賱賮乇丿 丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤 賯丕丿乇丕 毓賱賶 丕爻鬲賷毓丕亘賴丕貙 亘乇睾賲 賲賳 兀賳 賰孬賷乇丕 賲賳 丕賱賲卮丕賰賱 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 賱賱丨賷丕丞 丕賱賮乇丿賷丞 賵丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞 亘爻賷胤丞 賱賱睾丕賷丞貙 賲賲丕 賷賴夭賾 孬賯丞 丕賱賳丕爻 賮賷 賯丿乇鬲賴賲 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 賱丨賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲卮賰賱丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賴賲賴賲.
- 卮賱 丕賱賯丿乇丞 毓賱賶 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 賳賯丿賷丕 亘鬲丨胤賷賲 兀賷 氐賵乇丞 賲卮賷丿丞 賱賱毓丕賱賲. 賮鬲賮賯丿 丕賱賵賯丕卅毓 丕賱賲噩夭兀丞 氐賮鬲賴丕 丕賱賳賵毓賷丞賵賱丕 鬲丨鬲賮馗 廿賱丕 亘賲毓賳賶 賰賲賷 賲噩乇丿. 賵賴賰匕丕 賷氐亘丨 賲賵賯賮賳丕 賲賲丕 賷噩乇賷 賷鬲氐賮 亘丕賱爻胤丨賷丞 賵毓丿賲 丕賱丕賰鬲乇丕孬.
- 賳賯氐 丕賱兀氐丕賱丞 賮賷 賮毓賱 丕賱丕乇丕丿丞貙 賮賮賷 丨賷賳 兀賳 賲毓馗賲 丕賱賳丕爻 鬲毓乇賮 賲丕 鬲乇賷丿 賮廿賳賴丕 賱丕 鬲鬲賵賯賮 賱丨馗丞 賱爻丐丕賱 賳賮爻賴丕 廿賳 賰丕賳鬲 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賴丿丕賮 賴賷 賲丕 鬲乇賷丿賴 丨賯丕.
丕賱賲孬賷乇 兀賳 鬲兀賱賷賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰丕賳 賮賷 佟侃伽佗 賮賷 兀賵噩 賯賵丞 丕賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賮賷 兀賵乇亘丕.
January 29, 2015
Escape from Freedom, known as The Fear of Freedom
賵氐賮蹖 鬲丨賱蹖賱蹖 丕夭 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 乇丕亘胤賴 丕卮 亘丕 丌夭丕丿蹖貙 丿乇 趩乇丕蹖蹖 馗賴賵乇 賮丕卮蹖爻賲 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 蹖 丌賱賲丕賳. 賮乇賵賲 卮乇丕蹖胤 賲賵噩賵丿 噩丕賲毓賴 乇丕 亘賴 賲孬丕亘賴 "鬲夭"貙 賵 乇丕賴讴丕乇賴丕蹖 乇賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 趩賵賳 "丌賳鬲蹖 鬲夭" 賲蹖 亘蹖賳丿貙 賵 賲毓鬲賯丿 丕爻鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丿蹖丕賱讴鬲蹖讴蹖貙 噩丕賳卮蹖賳 蹖丕 "爻賳鬲夭"貙 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 卮讴賱 賲蹖 诏蹖乇丿 讴賴 丕賳爻丕賳 亘賴 丌诏丕賴蹖 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 丿乇 "賲乇丕賯亘鬲 丕夭 禺賵丿" 亘乇爻丿. 丕賵 賲丿毓蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 丕蹖賳 "爻賳鬲夭" 乇丕 賲蹖 卮賳丕爻丿 亘賱讴賴 賲毓鬲賯丿 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賴乇 噩丕賲毓賴貙 賲胤丕亘賯 爻丕夭 賵 讴丕乇 禺賵丿貙 丌賳 乇丕 賲蹖 爻丕夭丿 (亘丿丕賴賴 爻丕夭蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿). 賮乇賵賲 賲毓賯鬲丿 丕爻鬲 噩賳诏 亘乇丕蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖貙 賵 丿賮丕毓 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 亘氐賵乇鬲 "賲爻丕賱賴"蹖 丕氐賱蹖 亘卮乇 丿乇 賯乇賳 亘蹖爻鬲賲 丿乇丌賲丿賴. 亘禺卮 亘夭乇诏蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴 亘乇乇爻蹖 倬乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲蹖爻賲 賱賵鬲乇 賵 讴丕賱賵賳 賲蹖 倬乇丿丕夭丿 讴賴 亘賴 賮乇賵乇蹖禺鬲賳 噩丕賲毓賴 蹖 讴賴賳賴 賵 诏爻鬲乇卮 丌诏丕賴蹖 亘卮乇 丕賳噩丕賲蹖丿賴. 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丌賳貙 亘卮乇 亘賴 鬲賵丕賳丕蹖蹖 鬲丕孬蹖乇诏匕丕乇蹖 丕卮 亘乇 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 禺賵蹖卮貙 倬蹖 亘乇丿賴貙 賵 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 亘丕 禺丿丕貙 丕夭 賯蹖丿 讴賱蹖爻丕 乇賴丕 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 賴賲賴 (亘賴 诏賲丕賳 賮乇賵賲) 亘卮乇 丕夭 倬乇蹖丿賳 亘賴 禺賱丕亍 丌夭丕丿蹖 讴丕賲賱貙 亘蹖 禺丿丕貙 賴乇丕爻 丿丕乇丿. 丕夭 賴賲蹖賳 乇賵 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 丿乇 讴丕乇 爻丕禺鬲賳 丿蹖賵丕乇 賵 賲乇夭 賵 賲丨丿賵丿賴 亘乇丕蹖 "讴賳鬲乇賱" 丕蹖賳 "乇賴丕蹖蹖" 爻鬲. 鬲賲丕蹖賱丕鬲 丿乇賵賳蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 亘乇丕蹖 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖貨 鬲賲丕蹖賱 亘賴 鬲賲乇讴夭 賯丿乇鬲 賵 讴賳鬲乇賱 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 (丕賵鬲賵乇蹖鬲丕乇蹖丕賳蹖夭賲貙 毓賳氐乇蹖 噩賴鬲 禺賵丿丌夭丕乇蹖 賵 丿蹖诏乇丌夭丕乇蹖). 賲蹖賱 亘賴 賵蹖乇丕賳诏乇蹖 (丿爻鬲乇丕讴鬲蹖賵賳爻貙 鬲禺乇蹖亘 趩蹖夭蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賲爻賱胤 卮丿賳 亘乇 丌賳)貙 賴賲賳賵丕蹖蹖 (讴丕賳賮賵乇賲蹖鬲蹖貙 倬蹖乇賵蹖 賵 丕胤丕毓鬲 賳丕禺賵丿丌诏丕賴 丕夭 亘丕賵乇賴丕 賵 爻賳鬲 賴丕蹖 噩丕乇蹖貙 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 丿賵乇 賲丕賳丿賳 丕夭 "賳賵")... 鬲賱丕卮 亘乇丕蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 (亘賴 夭毓賲 賮乇賵賲) 亘賴 "诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖" 讴卮丕賳丿賴貨 讴賴 (诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖) 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 讴爻亘 蹖讴 乇賴丕蹖蹖 噩賲毓蹖 蹖丕 賲賱蹖 (丌夭丕丿蹖) 讴賴 蹖讴 乇賵蹖丕爻鬲貙 蹖讴 丌乇賲丕賳 丕爻鬲. "鬲賳賴丕 蹖讴 賲毓賳蹖 亘乇丕蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿貨 "夭蹖爻鬲賳 夭賳丿诏蹖" 賵 丿蹖诏乇 ....
賭 诏乇蹖夭丕夭丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 丿丕賵賵丿 丨爻蹖賳蹖 亘賴 賮丕乇爻蹖 亘乇诏乇丿丕賳丿賴貙 1363
丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕乇蹖卮 賮乇賵賲貙 丕蹖賳 賲胤賱亘 讴賵鬲丕賴 乇丕 賴賲 亘禺賵丕賳蹖丿貨
賵氐賮蹖 鬲丨賱蹖賱蹖 丕夭 丕賳爻丕賳 賵 乇丕亘胤賴 丕卮 亘丕 丌夭丕丿蹖貙 丿乇 趩乇丕蹖蹖 馗賴賵乇 賮丕卮蹖爻賲 丿乇 噩丕賲毓賴 蹖 丌賱賲丕賳. 賮乇賵賲 卮乇丕蹖胤 賲賵噩賵丿 噩丕賲毓賴 乇丕 亘賴 賲孬丕亘賴 "鬲夭"貙 賵 乇丕賴讴丕乇賴丕蹖 乇賴丕蹖蹖 乇丕 趩賵賳 "丌賳鬲蹖 鬲夭" 賲蹖 亘蹖賳丿貙 賵 賲毓鬲賯丿 丕爻鬲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丿蹖丕賱讴鬲蹖讴蹖貙 噩丕賳卮蹖賳 蹖丕 "爻賳鬲夭"貙 賴賳诏丕賲蹖 卮讴賱 賲蹖 诏蹖乇丿 讴賴 丕賳爻丕賳 亘賴 丌诏丕賴蹖 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 丿乇 "賲乇丕賯亘鬲 丕夭 禺賵丿" 亘乇爻丿. 丕賵 賲丿毓蹖 賳蹖爻鬲 丕蹖賳 "爻賳鬲夭" 乇丕 賲蹖 卮賳丕爻丿 亘賱讴賴 賲毓鬲賯丿 丕爻鬲 讴賴 賴乇 噩丕賲毓賴貙 賲胤丕亘賯 爻丕夭 賵 讴丕乇 禺賵丿貙 丌賳 乇丕 賲蹖 爻丕夭丿 (亘丿丕賴賴 爻丕夭蹖 賲蹖 讴賳丿). 賮乇賵賲 賲毓賯鬲丿 丕爻鬲 噩賳诏 亘乇丕蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖貙 賵 丿賮丕毓 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖 亘氐賵乇鬲 "賲爻丕賱賴"蹖 丕氐賱蹖 亘卮乇 丿乇 賯乇賳 亘蹖爻鬲賲 丿乇丌賲丿賴. 亘禺卮 亘夭乇诏蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 亘賴 亘乇乇爻蹖 倬乇賵鬲爻鬲丕賳鬲蹖爻賲 賱賵鬲乇 賵 讴丕賱賵賳 賲蹖 倬乇丿丕夭丿 讴賴 亘賴 賮乇賵乇蹖禺鬲賳 噩丕賲毓賴 蹖 讴賴賳賴 賵 诏爻鬲乇卮 丌诏丕賴蹖 亘卮乇 丕賳噩丕賲蹖丿賴. 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲蹖 讴賴 丿乇 丌賳貙 亘卮乇 亘賴 鬲賵丕賳丕蹖蹖 鬲丕孬蹖乇诏匕丕乇蹖 丕卮 亘乇 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 禺賵蹖卮貙 倬蹖 亘乇丿賴貙 賵 丿乇 丕乇鬲亘丕胤 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 亘丕 禺丿丕貙 丕夭 賯蹖丿 讴賱蹖爻丕 乇賴丕 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲. 亘丕 丕蹖賳 賴賲賴 (亘賴 诏賲丕賳 賮乇賵賲) 亘卮乇 丕夭 倬乇蹖丿賳 亘賴 禺賱丕亍 丌夭丕丿蹖 讴丕賲賱貙 亘蹖 禺丿丕貙 賴乇丕爻 丿丕乇丿. 丕夭 賴賲蹖賳 乇賵 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 丿乇 讴丕乇 爻丕禺鬲賳 丿蹖賵丕乇 賵 賲乇夭 賵 賲丨丿賵丿賴 亘乇丕蹖 "讴賳鬲乇賱" 丕蹖賳 "乇賴丕蹖蹖" 爻鬲. 鬲賲丕蹖賱丕鬲 丿乇賵賳蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 亘乇丕蹖 诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖貨 鬲賲丕蹖賱 亘賴 鬲賲乇讴夭 賯丿乇鬲 賵 讴賳鬲乇賱 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 (丕賵鬲賵乇蹖鬲丕乇蹖丕賳蹖夭賲貙 毓賳氐乇蹖 噩賴鬲 禺賵丿丌夭丕乇蹖 賵 丿蹖诏乇丌夭丕乇蹖). 賲蹖賱 亘賴 賵蹖乇丕賳诏乇蹖 (丿爻鬲乇丕讴鬲蹖賵賳爻貙 鬲禺乇蹖亘 趩蹖夭蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賲爻賱胤 卮丿賳 亘乇 丌賳)貙 賴賲賳賵丕蹖蹖 (讴丕賳賮賵乇賲蹖鬲蹖貙 倬蹖乇賵蹖 賵 丕胤丕毓鬲 賳丕禺賵丿丌诏丕賴 丕夭 亘丕賵乇賴丕 賵 爻賳鬲 賴丕蹖 噩丕乇蹖貙 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 丿賵乇 賲丕賳丿賳 丕夭 "賳賵")... 鬲賱丕卮 亘乇丕蹖 丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 (亘賴 夭毓賲 賮乇賵賲) 亘賴 "诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖" 讴卮丕賳丿賴貨 讴賴 (诏乇蹖夭 丕夭 丌夭丕丿蹖) 丿乇 賲賯丕亘賱 讴爻亘 蹖讴 乇賴丕蹖蹖 噩賲毓蹖 蹖丕 賲賱蹖 (丌夭丕丿蹖) 讴賴 蹖讴 乇賵蹖丕爻鬲貙 蹖讴 丌乇賲丕賳 丕爻鬲. "鬲賳賴丕 蹖讴 賲毓賳蹖 亘乇丕蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖 賵噩賵丿 丿丕乇丿貨 "夭蹖爻鬲賳 夭賳丿诏蹖" 賵 丿蹖诏乇 ....
賭 诏乇蹖夭丕夭丌夭丕丿蹖 乇丕 丿丕賵賵丿 丨爻蹖賳蹖 亘賴 賮丕乇爻蹖 亘乇诏乇丿丕賳丿賴貙 1363
丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕乇蹖卮 賮乇賵賲貙 丕蹖賳 賲胤賱亘 讴賵鬲丕賴 乇丕 賴賲 亘禺賵丕賳蹖丿貨
July 31, 2018
螕蔚谓喂魏维 苇蠂蠅 魏慰位位萎蟽蔚喂 渭蔚 蟿慰谓 Fromm , 蟺蟻喂谓 魏伪谓苇谓伪 未委渭畏谓慰 尾蟻萎魏伪 尉蔚蠂伪蟽渭苇谓慰 蟽蟿畏谓 尾喂尾位喂慰胃萎魏畏 渭慰蠀 蟿慰 "螚 蟿苇蠂谓畏 蟿畏蟼 伪纬维蟺畏蟼" , 蟿慰 未喂维尾伪蟽伪 魏伪喂 苇魏蟿慰蟿蔚 苇蠂蠅 纬委谓蔚喂 "桅蟻慰渭喂魏喂伪" 馃槤馃槀 螖喂维尾伪蟽伪 蔚谓 蟽蠀谓蔚蠂蔚委伪 蟿慰 "螚 魏伪蟻未喂维 蟿慰蠀 螒谓胃蟻蠋蟺慰蠀" 魏伪喂 蟿蠋蟻伪 蟿慰 "螣 蠁蠈尾慰蟼 渭蟺蟻慰蟽蟿维 蟽蟿畏谓 蔚位蔚蠀胃蔚蟻委伪" . 螝伪蟿伪谓慰畏蟿蠈蟼 蔚蟺喂蟽蟿畏渭慰谓喂魏慰蟼 位蠈纬慰蟼, 蔚渭蟺蔚蟻喂蟽蟿伪蟿蠅渭苇谓蔚蟼 伪蟺蠈蠄蔚喂蟼 , 魏伪胃蠈位慰蠀 伪魏蟻伪委慰蟼 ( 蠈蟺蠅蟼 蟺蠂 魏伪蟿维 蟿畏谓 维蟺慰蠄畏 渭慰蠀 慰 桅蟻蠈喂谓蟿 蟽蔚 魏维蟺慰喂伪 蟽畏渭蔚委伪) . 螕蔚谓喂魏维 "to the point" 蠂蠅蟻委蟼 蟺蔚蟻喂蟿蟿苇蟼 蔚蟺蔚尉畏纬萎蟽蔚喂蟼 魏伪喂 蔚蟺喂蟽蟿畏渭慰谓喂魏苇蟼 伪谓伪位蠉蟽蔚喂蟼 蟺慰蠀 魏慰蠀蟻维味慰蠀谓. 螒蟺蠈 蠄蠀蠂慰位慰纬喂魏萎 魏伪喂 魏慰喂谓蠅谓喂魏萎 蟺位蔚蠀蟻维 蟿伪蠀蟿委味慰谓蟿伪喂 慰喂 伪蟺蠈蠄蔚喂蟼 渭慰蠀 渭伪味委 蟿慰蠀 蟽蔚 苇谓伪 蔚蠀蟻蠉蟿伪蟿慰 蠁维蟽渭伪 ( 蠈蟺慰蟿蔚 委蟽蠅蟼 魏伪喂 谓伪 渭畏谓 蔚委渭伪喂 蟿蠈蟽慰 伪谓蟿喂魏蔚喂渭蔚谓喂魏萎 馃槢 ) ,渭慰蠀 维谓慰喂尉蔚 未蔚 魏伪喂谓慰蠉蟻纬喂慰蠀蟼 慰蟻委味慰谓蟿蔚蟼 蠈蟽慰谓 伪蠁慰蟻维 伪谓伪位蠉蟽蔚喂蟼 蟺慰蠀 未蔚谓 蔚委蠂伪 蟽魏蔚蠁蟿蔚委 蟺慰蟿苇 蟺蟻喂谓. 螞委纬慰 慰蠀蟿慰蟺喂蟽蟿畏蟼 魏伪喂 伪喂蟽喂蠈未慰尉慰蟼 ( 伪位位维 魏伪喂 蔚魏蔚委 蟿伪蠀蟿喂味蠈渭伪蟽蟿蔚 馃槤) ,蟿伪 尾喂尾位委伪 蟿慰蠀 蟺伪蟻蠈位慰 蟺慰蠀 纬蟻维蠁蟿畏魏伪谓 蟺蟻喂谓 伪蟺蠈 蟽蠂蔚未蠈谓 80 蠂蟻蠈谓喂伪 蔚委谓伪喂 蟺喂慰 蔚蟺委魏伪喂蟻伪 伪蟺蠈 蟺慰蟿苇. 螕蔚谓喂魏维 胃蔚蠅蟻蠋 蠈蟿喂 伪尉委味蔚喂 谓伪 苇蟻胃蔚喂 魏维蟺慰喂慰蟼 蟽蔚 蔚蟺伪蠁萎 渭蔚 蟿慰 苇蟻纬慰 魏伪喂 蟿畏谓 蟽魏苇蠄畏 蟿慰蠀. 5/5 位慰喂蟺蠈谓 鈽猴笍
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