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袦邪屑邪褕邪 袣褍褉邪卸 懈 械械 写械褌懈
袘械褉褌芯谢褜褌 袘褉械褏褌 - 芯写懈薪 懈蟹 褋邪屑褘褏 蟹薪邪屑械薪懈褌褘褏 薪械屑械褑泻懈褏 写褉邪屑邪褌褍褉谐芯胁.
袝谐芯 锌褉芯懈蟹胁械写械薪懈褟 懈 褋械谐芯写薪褟 胁芯谢薪褍褞褌 蟹褉懈褌械谢械泄 胁芯 胁褋械屑 屑懈褉械. 袙 褌芯屑 褔懈褋谢械 懈 胁 袪芯褋褋懈懈, 谐写械 褌械屑褘 斜褉械褏褌芯胁褋泻懈褏 锌褜械褋: 褋褉邪褖械薪懈械 泻邪锌懈褌邪谢邪 褋 泻褉懈屑懈薪邪谢褜薪褘屑 屑懈褉芯屑, 胁芯泄薪邪 泻邪泻 懈褋褌芯褔薪懈泻 薪邪卸懈胁褘, 斜芯褉褜斜邪 薪邪褍泻懈 懈 屑褉邪泻芯斜械褋懈褟 - 胁褋褌褉械褔邪褞褌 褍 锌褍斜谢懈泻懈 锌芯谢薪芯械 锌芯薪懈屑邪薪懈械. "袦邪屑邪褕邪 袣褍褉邪卸 懈 械械 写械褌懈" - 褋邪屑邪褟 懈蟹胁械褋褌薪邪褟 械谐芯 锌褜械褋邪.
袝谐芯 锌褉芯懈蟹胁械写械薪懈褟 懈 褋械谐芯写薪褟 胁芯谢薪褍褞褌 蟹褉懈褌械谢械泄 胁芯 胁褋械屑 屑懈褉械. 袙 褌芯屑 褔懈褋谢械 懈 胁 袪芯褋褋懈懈, 谐写械 褌械屑褘 斜褉械褏褌芯胁褋泻懈褏 锌褜械褋: 褋褉邪褖械薪懈械 泻邪锌懈褌邪谢邪 褋 泻褉懈屑懈薪邪谢褜薪褘屑 屑懈褉芯屑, 胁芯泄薪邪 泻邪泻 懈褋褌芯褔薪懈泻 薪邪卸懈胁褘, 斜芯褉褜斜邪 薪邪褍泻懈 懈 屑褉邪泻芯斜械褋懈褟 - 胁褋褌褉械褔邪褞褌 褍 锌褍斜谢懈泻懈 锌芯谢薪芯械 锌芯薪懈屑邪薪懈械. "袦邪屑邪褕邪 袣褍褉邪卸 懈 械械 写械褌懈" - 褋邪屑邪褟 懈蟹胁械褋褌薪邪褟 械谐芯 锌褜械褋邪.
105 pages, ebook
First published April 19, 1941
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About the author
Bertolt Brecht
1,541听books1,868听followersEugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht was a German poet, playwright, and theatre director. A seminal theatre practitioner of the twentieth century, Brecht made equally significant contributions to dramaturgy and theatrical production, the latter particularly through the seismic impact of the tours undertaken by the Berliner Ensemble鈥攖he post-war theatre company operated by Brecht and his wife and long-time collaborator, the actress Helene Weigel鈥攚ith its internationally acclaimed productions.
From his late twenties Brecht remained a life-long committed Marxist who, in developing the combined theory and practice of his 'epic theatre', synthesized and extended the experiments of Piscator and Meyerhold to explore the theatre as a forum for political ideas and the creation of a critical aesthetics of dialectical materialism. Brecht's modernist concern with drama-as-a-medium led to his refinement of the 'epic form' of the drama (which constitutes that medium's rendering of 'autonomization' or the 'non-organic work of art'鈥攔elated in kind to the strategy of divergent chapters in Joyce's novel Ulysses, to Eisenstein's evolution of a constructivist 'montage' in the cinema, and to Picasso's introduction of cubist 'collage' in the visual arts). In contrast to many other avant-garde approaches, however, Brecht had no desire to destroy art as an institution; rather, he hoped to 're-function' the apparatus of theatrical production to a new social use. In this regard he was a vital participant in the aesthetic debates of his era鈥攑articularly over the 'high art/popular culture' dichotomy鈥攙ying with the likes of Adorno, Luk谩cs, Bloch, and developing a close friendship with Benjamin. Brechtian theatre articulated popular themes and forms with avant-garde formal experimentation to create a modernist realism that stood in sharp contrast both to its psychological and socialist varieties. "Brecht's work is the most important and original in European drama since Ibsen and Strindberg," Raymond Williams argues, while Peter B眉rger insists that he is "the most important materialist writer of our time."
As Jameson among others has stressed, "Brecht is also 鈥楤recht鈥�"鈥攃ollective and collaborative working methods were inherent to his approach. This 'Brecht' was a collective subject that "certainly seemed to have a distinctive style (the one we now call 'Brechtian') but was no longer personal in the bourgeois or individualistic sense." During the course of his career, Brecht sustained many long-lasting creative relationships with other writers, composers, scenographers, directors, dramaturgs and actors; the list includes: Elisabeth Hauptmann, Margarete Steffin, Ruth Berlau, Slatan Dudow, Kurt Weill, Hanns Eisler, Paul Dessau, Caspar Neher, Teo Otto, Karl von Appen, Ernst Busch, Lotte Lenya, Peter Lorre, Therese Giehse, Angelika Hurwicz, and Helene Weigel herself. This is "theatre as collective experiment [...] as something radically different from theatre as expression or as experience."
There are few areas of modern theatrical culture that have not felt the impact or influence of Brecht's ideas and practices; dramatists and directors in whom one may trace a clear Brechtian legacy include: Dario Fo, Augusto Boal, Joan Littlewood, Peter Brook, Peter Weiss, Heiner M眉ller, Pina Bausch, Tony Kushner and Caryl Churchill. In addition to the theatre, Brechtian theories and techniques have exerted considerable sway over certain strands of film theory and cinematic practice; Brecht's influence may be detected in the films of Joseph Losey, Jean-Luc Godard, Lindsay Anderson, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Nagisa Oshima, Ritwik Ghatak, Lars von Trier, Jan Bucquoy and Hal Hartley.
During the war years, Brecht became a prominent writer of the Exilliteratur. He expressed his opposition to the National Socialist and Fascist movements in his most famous plays.
From his late twenties Brecht remained a life-long committed Marxist who, in developing the combined theory and practice of his 'epic theatre', synthesized and extended the experiments of Piscator and Meyerhold to explore the theatre as a forum for political ideas and the creation of a critical aesthetics of dialectical materialism. Brecht's modernist concern with drama-as-a-medium led to his refinement of the 'epic form' of the drama (which constitutes that medium's rendering of 'autonomization' or the 'non-organic work of art'鈥攔elated in kind to the strategy of divergent chapters in Joyce's novel Ulysses, to Eisenstein's evolution of a constructivist 'montage' in the cinema, and to Picasso's introduction of cubist 'collage' in the visual arts). In contrast to many other avant-garde approaches, however, Brecht had no desire to destroy art as an institution; rather, he hoped to 're-function' the apparatus of theatrical production to a new social use. In this regard he was a vital participant in the aesthetic debates of his era鈥攑articularly over the 'high art/popular culture' dichotomy鈥攙ying with the likes of Adorno, Luk谩cs, Bloch, and developing a close friendship with Benjamin. Brechtian theatre articulated popular themes and forms with avant-garde formal experimentation to create a modernist realism that stood in sharp contrast both to its psychological and socialist varieties. "Brecht's work is the most important and original in European drama since Ibsen and Strindberg," Raymond Williams argues, while Peter B眉rger insists that he is "the most important materialist writer of our time."
As Jameson among others has stressed, "Brecht is also 鈥楤recht鈥�"鈥攃ollective and collaborative working methods were inherent to his approach. This 'Brecht' was a collective subject that "certainly seemed to have a distinctive style (the one we now call 'Brechtian') but was no longer personal in the bourgeois or individualistic sense." During the course of his career, Brecht sustained many long-lasting creative relationships with other writers, composers, scenographers, directors, dramaturgs and actors; the list includes: Elisabeth Hauptmann, Margarete Steffin, Ruth Berlau, Slatan Dudow, Kurt Weill, Hanns Eisler, Paul Dessau, Caspar Neher, Teo Otto, Karl von Appen, Ernst Busch, Lotte Lenya, Peter Lorre, Therese Giehse, Angelika Hurwicz, and Helene Weigel herself. This is "theatre as collective experiment [...] as something radically different from theatre as expression or as experience."
There are few areas of modern theatrical culture that have not felt the impact or influence of Brecht's ideas and practices; dramatists and directors in whom one may trace a clear Brechtian legacy include: Dario Fo, Augusto Boal, Joan Littlewood, Peter Brook, Peter Weiss, Heiner M眉ller, Pina Bausch, Tony Kushner and Caryl Churchill. In addition to the theatre, Brechtian theories and techniques have exerted considerable sway over certain strands of film theory and cinematic practice; Brecht's influence may be detected in the films of Joseph Losey, Jean-Luc Godard, Lindsay Anderson, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Nagisa Oshima, Ritwik Ghatak, Lars von Trier, Jan Bucquoy and Hal Hartley.
During the war years, Brecht became a prominent writer of the Exilliteratur. He expressed his opposition to the National Socialist and Fascist movements in his most famous plays.
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April 15, 2025
I hate to give a compliantly communist play the full five stars, but boy, does Brecht deserve them! Communist or not, the play has a takeaway message we can all buy: DO YOUR BEST - AND ENDURE TILL THE END.
Though the plot is unsavoury - Mother Courage is a plain dealing, foul talking Camp Follower in a grisly modern war - this old toothless hag persuades us to Do Our Utmost for the Highest, whatever your most shining high ideal may be.
And hers, though simply her family's survival in an environment of bullets, shrapnel, and bloody chaos, inspires in SPITE of the dirt and vulgarity.
It's never easy, thought Brecht, to get humans to dig in and start constructing a socialist golden age...
(Or rather police state, as it turned out, but Brecht was a little pig-headed.)
So Courage is no quitter, even In such hopeless straits. And that's what stuck in MY head for so many years.
In '68, my Dad had to visit Dartmouth College in New Hampshire for a scientific symposium. I decided to tag along, to immerse myself in a uni environment - I myself was college bound within weeks...
That was a halcyon summer, and as we cruised through the rolling Adirondacks - and lush well-tended farm acreage - I memorized some Baudelaire at conversational hiatuses.
Ah, to be eighteen again!
The cultural life at Dartmouth was to die for, too.
We arrived smack-dab in the middle of a music and drama festival. Mother Courage was the first play I saw. Life was good.
And the weather was the same. I even attended a lecture by Dad's revered thesis advisor, though I understood little of it.
But Brecht's stubborn pig-headedness?
You know, W.H.Auden once remarked pithily to a table-mate, "Brecht shoulda been shot!"
Though I may sympathize, I would then have missed my inspiring memories of Brecht back when the Age of Woodstock was in beautiful bloom!
Though the plot is unsavoury - Mother Courage is a plain dealing, foul talking Camp Follower in a grisly modern war - this old toothless hag persuades us to Do Our Utmost for the Highest, whatever your most shining high ideal may be.
And hers, though simply her family's survival in an environment of bullets, shrapnel, and bloody chaos, inspires in SPITE of the dirt and vulgarity.
It's never easy, thought Brecht, to get humans to dig in and start constructing a socialist golden age...
(Or rather police state, as it turned out, but Brecht was a little pig-headed.)
So Courage is no quitter, even In such hopeless straits. And that's what stuck in MY head for so many years.
In '68, my Dad had to visit Dartmouth College in New Hampshire for a scientific symposium. I decided to tag along, to immerse myself in a uni environment - I myself was college bound within weeks...
That was a halcyon summer, and as we cruised through the rolling Adirondacks - and lush well-tended farm acreage - I memorized some Baudelaire at conversational hiatuses.
Ah, to be eighteen again!
The cultural life at Dartmouth was to die for, too.
We arrived smack-dab in the middle of a music and drama festival. Mother Courage was the first play I saw. Life was good.
And the weather was the same. I even attended a lecture by Dad's revered thesis advisor, though I understood little of it.
But Brecht's stubborn pig-headedness?
You know, W.H.Auden once remarked pithily to a table-mate, "Brecht shoulda been shot!"
Though I may sympathize, I would then have missed my inspiring memories of Brecht back when the Age of Woodstock was in beautiful bloom!
March 14, 2018
And if you feel your forces fading
You won't be there to share the fruits
But what is war but private trading
That deals with blood instead of boots?
Mother Courage, with cart in tow is a wheeler and a dealer, travelling across Europe during the 'Thirty Years War'(1618 鈥� 1648) she has found a way to use the conflict for her own gains, ferociously protective of her children is she, but apart from family values, doesn't have morals for much else, and is all too happy to exploit the various regiments of battle. Her existence is under scrutiny from those around her, but her philosophy is to survive at all costs. There is an inner strength and determination that is admirable, regardless of Courage's actions. She endeavours over the years, even after losing some of her children still remains defiant.
"Sometimes I sees myself driving through hell with me cart selling brimstone, or across heaven with packed lunches for hungry souls"
Mother Courage (1939) is one of a number of plays Brecht wrote in resistance to Nazism during the invasion of Poland, and the theme of devastation and war are captured with honour and integrity, and expresses the idea that virtues are not rewarded in corrupt and difficult times.
I have to admit I have never been a big lover of reading plays, as you simply can't see the whole picture unless seen with your own eyes on stage. Having said that, within the first scene the scene is set for something epic, that had me completely engrossed. I say epic, even though it's compressed into 100 pages or so, the story spans many years, but never feels rushed or clich茅d, picking out moments from her life that are at times deeply heartfelt but also scathing in detestation.
The family as a whole, including Eilif (the oldest son who goes of to war) and daughter Kattrin (who is mute), are used in the story well, where indignation is never far away. But it's Courage who takes centre stage, a woman with a spirit that will not be crushed by the onslaught of the world around her. I didn't always like Courage, but applaud her valour nonetheless. As for the ending, as in war, there are no happy ones.
You won't be there to share the fruits
But what is war but private trading
That deals with blood instead of boots?
Mother Courage, with cart in tow is a wheeler and a dealer, travelling across Europe during the 'Thirty Years War'(1618 鈥� 1648) she has found a way to use the conflict for her own gains, ferociously protective of her children is she, but apart from family values, doesn't have morals for much else, and is all too happy to exploit the various regiments of battle. Her existence is under scrutiny from those around her, but her philosophy is to survive at all costs. There is an inner strength and determination that is admirable, regardless of Courage's actions. She endeavours over the years, even after losing some of her children still remains defiant.
"Sometimes I sees myself driving through hell with me cart selling brimstone, or across heaven with packed lunches for hungry souls"
Mother Courage (1939) is one of a number of plays Brecht wrote in resistance to Nazism during the invasion of Poland, and the theme of devastation and war are captured with honour and integrity, and expresses the idea that virtues are not rewarded in corrupt and difficult times.
I have to admit I have never been a big lover of reading plays, as you simply can't see the whole picture unless seen with your own eyes on stage. Having said that, within the first scene the scene is set for something epic, that had me completely engrossed. I say epic, even though it's compressed into 100 pages or so, the story spans many years, but never feels rushed or clich茅d, picking out moments from her life that are at times deeply heartfelt but also scathing in detestation.
The family as a whole, including Eilif (the oldest son who goes of to war) and daughter Kattrin (who is mute), are used in the story well, where indignation is never far away. But it's Courage who takes centre stage, a woman with a spirit that will not be crushed by the onslaught of the world around her. I didn't always like Courage, but applaud her valour nonetheless. As for the ending, as in war, there are no happy ones.
January 11, 2020
We read Mother Courage in school, and I didn't like it. I thought it was exaggerated, even from the perspective of the raging wars that Brecht could refer to. Which parents would sacrifice their children first?
And now I sadly have to announce that I understand Mother Courage. The generation born immediately after the Second World War seems to have forgotten or maybe never known the longterm effects of irresponsible egocentrism, and they are happily sacrificing a whole planet to keep their prestige and their riches and their "revenge" if anybody dares insulting their fragile egos. If you recognise any particular world leader in this description, it is pure coincidence. The Mother Courages of our times are legion.
And they don't have the excuse that they are starving or in danger themselves. They are just in their narcissistic bubbles, and want to live their lives safely inside. Apr猫s eux, le d茅luge. Or the bonfire. Quite literally both.
Brecht, I hate when you are right.
And now I sadly have to announce that I understand Mother Courage. The generation born immediately after the Second World War seems to have forgotten or maybe never known the longterm effects of irresponsible egocentrism, and they are happily sacrificing a whole planet to keep their prestige and their riches and their "revenge" if anybody dares insulting their fragile egos. If you recognise any particular world leader in this description, it is pure coincidence. The Mother Courages of our times are legion.
And they don't have the excuse that they are starving or in danger themselves. They are just in their narcissistic bubbles, and want to live their lives safely inside. Apr猫s eux, le d茅luge. Or the bonfire. Quite literally both.
Brecht, I hate when you are right.
December 26, 2024
賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲 毓噩蹖亘 賵 噩丕賱亘蹖 亘賵丿. 賴賲 夭賲丕賳 賲蹖禺賵丕爻鬲 賴賲 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳卮 乇賵 丕夭 噩賳诏 丨賮馗 讴賳賴 賵 賴乇 讴丕乇蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 讴賴 丕賵賳丕 丿乇诏蹖乇 賳卮賳丿 賵 賴賲 丕蹖賳讴賴 夭蹖乇 爻丕蹖賴 噩賳诏 賲蹖鬲賵賳爻鬲 讴爻亘 丿乇丌賲丿 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴 賵 乇賵夭诏丕乇 亘诏匕乇賵賳賴. 丨賮馗 鬲毓丕丿賱 亘蹖賳 丕蹖賳 爻禺鬲 亘賵丿 賵 賲丕 丿乇 胤賵賱 賳賲丕蹖卮 賳丕賲賴 丕蹖賳 賯囟蹖賴 乇賵 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗃屬�. 夭賳丿诏蹖 丿乇 噩賳诏 丕蹖賳賵 禺賵亘 亘賴 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賮賴賲賵賳丿賴 亘賵丿 讴賴 噩賳诏 蹖讴 賳讴亘鬲 亘夭乇诏賴 賵 賴乇 讴丕乇蹖 亘丕蹖丿 亘讴賳賴 鬲丕 亘趩賴 賴丕卮 乇賵 賲氐賵賳 賳诏賴 丿丕乇賴 丕夭卮 賵賱蹖 丕夭 胤乇賮蹖 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池� 丕蹖賳 賳讴亘鬲 亘夭乇诏貙 丕夭 賳馗乇 賲丕賱蹖 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 亘賴卮 讴賲讴 讴賳賴 賵 讴丕爻亘蹖 讴賳賴. 夭蹖爻鬲賳 夭蹖乇 爻丕蹖賴 噩賳诏(丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賲乇亘賵胤 亘賴 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 爻蹖 爻丕賱賴 丕乇賵倬丕 丿乇 賯乇賳 賴賮丿賴賲 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲) 丕蹖賳 賮乇賲賵賱 乇賵 亘賴 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 蹖丕丿 丿丕丿賴 亘賵丿 賵 丕賵 丕蹖賳 乇賵卮 乇賵 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 亘賯丕 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賴 亘賵丿 倬爻 賲孬賱 蹖讴 亘賳丿 亘丕夭 丨乇賮賴 丕蹖 讴賴 鬲毓丕丿賱卮 乇賵 丨蹖賳 乇丕賴 乇賮鬲賳 丨賮馗 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁囏� 爻毓蹖 丿乇 丕蹖噩丕丿 鬲毓丕丿賱 賲蹖鈥屭┴必�. 賴丿賮 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 亘賯丕 亘賵丿. 爻倬乇 賲丨丕賮馗鬲蹖 讴賴 丿丕卮鬲 亘賴 丕蹖賳 卮蹖賵賴 亘賵丿.丕賲丕...丕賲丕.. 丕賲丕 噩賳诏 禺蹖賱蹖 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿鬲乇 賵 爻賴賲诏蹖賳鈥屫� 賵 亘蹖鈥屫必呪€屫� 丕夭 丕蹖賳 丨乇賮賴丕爻鬲 賵 賴乇 趩賴 賯丿乇 夭亘乇 賵 夭乇賳诏 亘丕卮蹖 賵 丿乇 蹖讴 亘丕夭賴 夭賲丕賳蹖 讴賵鬲丕賴 賲丿鬲 亘賴 丕賴丿丕賮鬲 亘乇爻蹖貙 賲蹖鬲賵賳賴 賴賲賴 趩蹖 乇賵 丕夭鬲 亘诏蹖乇賴. 賲蹖鬲賵賳賴 芦 夭賳丿诏蹖 禄 乇賵 丕夭鬲 亘诏蹖乇賴.賲蹖鬲賵賳賴 賴賲賴 丕賵賳丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丨賮馗卮賵賳 賲蹖讴乇丿蹖 乇賵 丕夭鬲 亘诏蹖乇賴. 賲乇丿賲丕賳 毓丕丿蹖 鬲賵 噩賳诏 亘丕夭賳丿賴 丕賳丿 賵 丕蹖賳 丕夭 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 丕賳讴丕乇 賳卮丿賳蹖 丕爻鬲. 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賵 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳 丕賵 賵丕爻賴 賲丕 賲乇丿賲丕賳 毓丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲.
倬.賳: 丿丕卮鬲賲 賮讴乇 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 丕诏乇 鬲賵 丕蹖乇丕賳 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 丕噩乇丕 亘卮賴 讴蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賳賯卮 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賲賳丕爻亘賴貙 讴賴 匕賴賳賲 乇爻蹖丿 亘賴 倬丕賳鬲賴鈥屫� 倬賳丕賴蹖鈥屬囏�!
倬.賳: 丿丕卮鬲賲 賮讴乇 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 丕诏乇 鬲賵 丕蹖乇丕賳 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 丕噩乇丕 亘卮賴 讴蹖 亘乇丕蹖 賳賯卮 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賲賳丕爻亘賴貙 讴賴 匕賴賳賲 乇爻蹖丿 亘賴 倬丕賳鬲賴鈥屫� 倬賳丕賴蹖鈥屬囏�!
November 18, 2023
A mother of three seeks to make her living, amidst the devastation of war, by selling provisions to those who make war. And her single-minded dedication to making money, wherever there is money to be made, has tragic consequences 鈥� for herself and for her children 鈥� in Bertolt Brecht鈥檚 1939 play Mother Courage and Her Children.
Brecht stands out amongst the German playwrights of the 20th century in a number of ways. Throughout his life 鈥� except for the years between the world wars 鈥� he seems to have been at odds with the societies in which he lived. Born in 1898, Brecht resisted the patriotic fervour that filled many Germans when the First World War broke out, doing all that he could to stay out of the imperial German army that he saw throwing away the lives of a whole generation of young Germans.
Both Brecht and his literary career thrived amidst the liberal and tolerant atmosphere of the Weimar Republic; but when the Nazi regime came to power, he fled Germany for Switzerland and then the United States. His interest in Marxism caused him to be a subject of FBI investigation, and to be summoned to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Eventually, he relocated to East Berlin 鈥� where, in spite of his Marxist beliefs, he criticized the government of the German Democratic Republic after D.D.R. authorities brutally quashed an uprising by East German workers in 1953. His iconoclastic, anti-authority sentiments inform his writing.
And Mutter Courage und Ihre Kinder provides a powerful introduction to Brecht鈥檚 work and sensibilities. The play begins in 1624, six years into the Thirty Years鈥� War of 1618-1648. So, what does a modern reader need to know about the Thirty Years鈥� War 鈥� aside from the fact that it lasted thirty years 鈥� in order to properly understand and appreciate the events of this play?
Well, it was an exceptionally long and brutal war. At its core, the cause of the conflict was a Reformation-era disagreement between Protestants of northern Germany and Catholics of southern Germany. But the dynastic politics of Europe came to be involved in the confict 鈥� so that, over the course of the war, countries that got involved included Bohemia, Sweden, Holland, and France (on the Protestant side) and the Hapsburg monarchy and the Spanish Empire (for the Catholics).
And it was bloody. Mein lieber Gott, was it bloody. Deaths in the war are estimated as being as high as 8 million, of whom 6.5 million 鈥� or 80 percent of the total 鈥� were civilians: women, children, the elderly, people with disabilities. Violence against civilians 鈥� murder, rape, maiming, torture 鈥� was routine on both sides. This conflict was so unremittingly brutal, so filled with atrocities of every kind, that the 1648 Westphalia treaty that ended the war provided a precedent for Geneva Convention-style attempts to establish norms for protecting noncombatants from the ravages of war. And it is no surprise to find that the war accomplished absolutely nothing, except to change some of the power dynamics in European capitals hundreds of miles from the blood-soaked battlefronts.
In one of the title cards introducing a scene of this play, Brecht sardonically refers to the war as 鈥淭he Great War of Faith.鈥�
Against this background of absolute horror, a woman named Anna Fierling has already become known universally as 鈥淢other Courage鈥� because of the determination with which she has plied her trade of selling provisions to soldiers in the war. Early in the play, Mother Courage explains her nickname to a Protestant sergeant who has never heard of her: 鈥淐ourage is the name they gave me because I was scared of going broke, sergeant, so I drove me cart right through the bombardment of Riga with fifty loaves of bread aboard鈥� (p. 3).
With a name like 鈥淢other Courage,鈥� it should be no surprise that this character sometimes likes to reflect on the concept of courage 鈥� even if the manner in which she does so makes clear that this Mother Courage recognizes that the war from which she is making money is fundamentally a cruel and amoral enterprise:
Poor folk got to have courage. Why, they鈥檙e lost. Simply getting up in morning takes some doing in their situation. Or ploughing a field, and in a war at that. Mere fact they bring kids into world shows they got courage, 鈥檆ause there鈥檚 no hope for them. They have to hang one another and slaughter one another, so just looking each other in face must call for courage. Being able to put up with emperor and pope shows supernatural courage, 鈥檆ause those two cost 鈥檈m their lives. (p. 51)
This passage shows Mother Courage鈥檚 awareness that this war is about nothing other than rich men making themselves richer while poor people die horrible deaths. Mother Courage embodies the untrammeled market-driven laissez-faire capitalist ideal of 鈥渟ell the people what they want鈥�; the causes of the war, and the ideologies of the two sides fighting in the war, mean nothing to her. The war is a money-making opportunity for her 鈥� nothing more.
Mother Courage has two sons 鈥� Eilif and Schweizerkas (鈥淪wiss Cheese鈥�) 鈥� and a daughter, Kattrin, who is mute. The reader or playgoer feels no surprise at seeing all three of Mother Courage鈥檚 children being drawn into the war. Eilif is recruited into the army, where he shows a talent for killing peasants and stealing their cattle; a capital crime in peacetime, it is simply 鈥渇oraging鈥� in the amoral atmosphere of the war. Swiss Cheese meanwhile becomes a paymaster for the Protestant army.
And Mother Courage spends a good part of the play worrying that her daughter Kattrin might follow the path of Yvette Pottier, a sex worker. When Kattrin puts on Yvette鈥檚 hat and boots and mimics Yvette鈥檚 sexually provocative way of walking and carrying herself, Mother Courage is outraged: 鈥淲hat you doing with that strumpet鈥檚 hat? Take that lid off 鈥� you gone crazy? And the enemy arriving any minute!...Want 鈥檈m to pick you up and make a prostitute of you? And she鈥檚 gone and put those boots on鈥�.Off with those boots!鈥� (p. 25) In her moralizing zeal, Mother Courage seems unable to see that Yvette, like Mother Courage herself, is simply a businesswoman making a living off the war.
Yet Mother Courage鈥檚 concern for Kattrin鈥檚 future looks ahead to the fate that the war will bring to her daughter. Kattrin鈥檚 suffering is one of the most wrenching features of Mother Courage and Her Children 鈥� right down to a resolution that involves the playing of a drum, in a manner that may cause some readers to think of G眉nter Grass鈥檚 novel The Tin Drum (1959).
Mother Courage and Her Children is a grim play 鈥� but it should be. Every time a new war breaks out, with the usual and customary declarations by war leaders about why this war is necessary, and why their side in this war is right, readers who are concerned about what war does to people and societies should turn to this play.
Brecht stands out amongst the German playwrights of the 20th century in a number of ways. Throughout his life 鈥� except for the years between the world wars 鈥� he seems to have been at odds with the societies in which he lived. Born in 1898, Brecht resisted the patriotic fervour that filled many Germans when the First World War broke out, doing all that he could to stay out of the imperial German army that he saw throwing away the lives of a whole generation of young Germans.
Both Brecht and his literary career thrived amidst the liberal and tolerant atmosphere of the Weimar Republic; but when the Nazi regime came to power, he fled Germany for Switzerland and then the United States. His interest in Marxism caused him to be a subject of FBI investigation, and to be summoned to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Eventually, he relocated to East Berlin 鈥� where, in spite of his Marxist beliefs, he criticized the government of the German Democratic Republic after D.D.R. authorities brutally quashed an uprising by East German workers in 1953. His iconoclastic, anti-authority sentiments inform his writing.
And Mutter Courage und Ihre Kinder provides a powerful introduction to Brecht鈥檚 work and sensibilities. The play begins in 1624, six years into the Thirty Years鈥� War of 1618-1648. So, what does a modern reader need to know about the Thirty Years鈥� War 鈥� aside from the fact that it lasted thirty years 鈥� in order to properly understand and appreciate the events of this play?
Well, it was an exceptionally long and brutal war. At its core, the cause of the conflict was a Reformation-era disagreement between Protestants of northern Germany and Catholics of southern Germany. But the dynastic politics of Europe came to be involved in the confict 鈥� so that, over the course of the war, countries that got involved included Bohemia, Sweden, Holland, and France (on the Protestant side) and the Hapsburg monarchy and the Spanish Empire (for the Catholics).
And it was bloody. Mein lieber Gott, was it bloody. Deaths in the war are estimated as being as high as 8 million, of whom 6.5 million 鈥� or 80 percent of the total 鈥� were civilians: women, children, the elderly, people with disabilities. Violence against civilians 鈥� murder, rape, maiming, torture 鈥� was routine on both sides. This conflict was so unremittingly brutal, so filled with atrocities of every kind, that the 1648 Westphalia treaty that ended the war provided a precedent for Geneva Convention-style attempts to establish norms for protecting noncombatants from the ravages of war. And it is no surprise to find that the war accomplished absolutely nothing, except to change some of the power dynamics in European capitals hundreds of miles from the blood-soaked battlefronts.
In one of the title cards introducing a scene of this play, Brecht sardonically refers to the war as 鈥淭he Great War of Faith.鈥�
Against this background of absolute horror, a woman named Anna Fierling has already become known universally as 鈥淢other Courage鈥� because of the determination with which she has plied her trade of selling provisions to soldiers in the war. Early in the play, Mother Courage explains her nickname to a Protestant sergeant who has never heard of her: 鈥淐ourage is the name they gave me because I was scared of going broke, sergeant, so I drove me cart right through the bombardment of Riga with fifty loaves of bread aboard鈥� (p. 3).
With a name like 鈥淢other Courage,鈥� it should be no surprise that this character sometimes likes to reflect on the concept of courage 鈥� even if the manner in which she does so makes clear that this Mother Courage recognizes that the war from which she is making money is fundamentally a cruel and amoral enterprise:
Poor folk got to have courage. Why, they鈥檙e lost. Simply getting up in morning takes some doing in their situation. Or ploughing a field, and in a war at that. Mere fact they bring kids into world shows they got courage, 鈥檆ause there鈥檚 no hope for them. They have to hang one another and slaughter one another, so just looking each other in face must call for courage. Being able to put up with emperor and pope shows supernatural courage, 鈥檆ause those two cost 鈥檈m their lives. (p. 51)
This passage shows Mother Courage鈥檚 awareness that this war is about nothing other than rich men making themselves richer while poor people die horrible deaths. Mother Courage embodies the untrammeled market-driven laissez-faire capitalist ideal of 鈥渟ell the people what they want鈥�; the causes of the war, and the ideologies of the two sides fighting in the war, mean nothing to her. The war is a money-making opportunity for her 鈥� nothing more.
Mother Courage has two sons 鈥� Eilif and Schweizerkas (鈥淪wiss Cheese鈥�) 鈥� and a daughter, Kattrin, who is mute. The reader or playgoer feels no surprise at seeing all three of Mother Courage鈥檚 children being drawn into the war. Eilif is recruited into the army, where he shows a talent for killing peasants and stealing their cattle; a capital crime in peacetime, it is simply 鈥渇oraging鈥� in the amoral atmosphere of the war. Swiss Cheese meanwhile becomes a paymaster for the Protestant army.
And Mother Courage spends a good part of the play worrying that her daughter Kattrin might follow the path of Yvette Pottier, a sex worker. When Kattrin puts on Yvette鈥檚 hat and boots and mimics Yvette鈥檚 sexually provocative way of walking and carrying herself, Mother Courage is outraged: 鈥淲hat you doing with that strumpet鈥檚 hat? Take that lid off 鈥� you gone crazy? And the enemy arriving any minute!...Want 鈥檈m to pick you up and make a prostitute of you? And she鈥檚 gone and put those boots on鈥�.Off with those boots!鈥� (p. 25) In her moralizing zeal, Mother Courage seems unable to see that Yvette, like Mother Courage herself, is simply a businesswoman making a living off the war.
Yet Mother Courage鈥檚 concern for Kattrin鈥檚 future looks ahead to the fate that the war will bring to her daughter. Kattrin鈥檚 suffering is one of the most wrenching features of Mother Courage and Her Children 鈥� right down to a resolution that involves the playing of a drum, in a manner that may cause some readers to think of G眉nter Grass鈥檚 novel The Tin Drum (1959).
Mother Courage and Her Children is a grim play 鈥� but it should be. Every time a new war breaks out, with the usual and customary declarations by war leaders about why this war is necessary, and why their side in this war is right, readers who are concerned about what war does to people and societies should turn to this play.
June 18, 2022
賮賯胤 禺賵丕爻鬲賲 亘诏賲 賲賳賲 禺賵賳丿賲卮 馃
January 5, 2018
Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder, Bertolt Brecht
鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 賴賮鬲賲 賲丕賴 賮賵乇蹖賴 爻丕賱 1976 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賵 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳 丕賵 (诏夭丕乇卮 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 爻蹖鈥屫池з勝団€�) - 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 丿乇 丿賵丕夭丿賴 氐丨賳賴貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 亘乇鬲賵賱鬲 亘乇卮鬲貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賲氐胤賮蹖 乇丨蹖賲蹖貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 丕蹖乇丕賳賲賴乇貙 1352貨 丿乇 216 氐貙 賲氐賵乇貨 趩丕倬 丿蹖诏乇: 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 讴鬲丕亘 夭賲丕賳貙 趩丕倬 賴賮鬲賲 1356貨 丿乇 202 氐貨 趩丕倬 丿蹖诏乇: 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 賳蹖賱賵賮乇貙 趩丕倬 賴卮鬲賲 1388貨 丿乇 192 氐貨 卮丕亘讴: 9789644484230貨 趩丕倬 賳賴賲 1392貨 賲賵囟賵毓: 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 賴丕蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 丌賱賲丕賳蹖 - 賯乇賳 20 賲
丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 亘蹖爻鬲 賵 賴賮鬲賲 賲丕賴 賮賵乇蹖賴 爻丕賱 1976 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賵 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳 丕賵 (诏夭丕乇卮 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 爻蹖鈥屫池з勝団€�) - 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 丿乇 丿賵丕夭丿賴 氐丨賳賴貨 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴: 亘乇鬲賵賱鬲 亘乇卮鬲貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 賲氐胤賮蹖 乇丨蹖賲蹖貨 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 丕蹖乇丕賳賲賴乇貙 1352貨 丿乇 216 氐貙 賲氐賵乇貨 趩丕倬 丿蹖诏乇: 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 讴鬲丕亘 夭賲丕賳貙 趩丕倬 賴賮鬲賲 1356貨 丿乇 202 氐貨 趩丕倬 丿蹖诏乇: 鬲賴乇丕賳貙 賳蹖賱賵賮乇貙 趩丕倬 賴卮鬲賲 1388貨 丿乇 192 氐貨 卮丕亘讴: 9789644484230貨 趩丕倬 賳賴賲 1392貨 賲賵囟賵毓: 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 賴丕蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 丌賱賲丕賳蹖 - 賯乇賳 20 賲
丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
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March 19, 2019Having escaped from being a background character in Schillers , Mother Courage comes into her own as a true . In the middle of the thirty years war (1618-1648) she travels confidently with her wagon full of goods to sell, family and hangers-on. Everybody needs her goods. She can sell intoxicating beverages to both the Imperial and Protestant soldiers. She is certain that she can always make money and profit from everybody's misery.
However her belief in the triumph of market forces blinds her to the fact that her situation, family and hangers-on are the product of the war. That the war is a force beyond her power to control, navigate or even benefit from. This is made abundantly clear to the audience who see her lose everything, but also see her stagger on, eventually alone but for her wagon.
A very simple play, works well on radio .
However her belief in the triumph of market forces blinds her to the fact that her situation, family and hangers-on are the product of the war. That the war is a force beyond her power to control, navigate or even benefit from. This is made abundantly clear to the audience who see her lose everything, but also see her stagger on, eventually alone but for her wagon.
A very simple play, works well on radio .
February 5, 2023
协褌芯 芯褔械薪褜 褋懈谢褜薪邪褟 胁 锌谢邪薪械 谐褍屑邪薪懈褋褌懈褔械褋泻芯谐芯 锌芯褋褘谢邪, 邪薪褌懈胁芯械薪薪芯谐芯 褋屑褘褋谢邪, 褝屑芯褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 薪邪泻邪谢邪 锌褜械褋邪, 锌褉芯褔懈褌邪薪薪邪褟 屑薪芯泄 写邪胁薪芯. 袘械褉褌芯谢褜写 袘褉械褏褌 薪邪锌懈褋邪谢 械械 胁 褋邪屑芯屑 薪邪褔邪谢械 袙褌芯褉芯泄 屑懈褉芯胁芯泄 胁芯泄薪褘 懈 褋褔懈褌邪谢, 褔褌芯 芯锌芯蟹写邪谢. 袛械泄褋褌胁懈械 锌褜械褋褘 锌褉芯懈褋褏芯写懈褌 胁芯 胁褉械屑褟 孝褉懈写褑邪褌懈谢械褌薪械泄 胁芯泄薪褘 胁 褋械屑薪邪写褑邪褌芯屑 胁械泻械 懈 芯锌懈褋褘胁邪械褌 锌芯褏芯写薪褍褞 卸懈蟹薪褜 屑邪褉泻懈褌邪薪褌泻懈 胁褌芯褉芯谐芯 褎懈薪褋泻芯谐芯 锌芯谢泻邪 袗薪薪褘 肖懈褉谢懈薪谐, 薪邪蟹褘胁邪械屑芯泄 袣褍褉邪卸. 协褌芯褌 锌械褉褋芯薪邪卸 斜褘谢 锌芯蟹邪懈屑褋褌胁芯胁邪薪 袘褉械褏褌芯屑 褍 袚褉懈屑屑械谢褜褋谐邪褍蟹械薪邪, 褍褔邪褋褌薪懈泻邪 孝褉懈写褑邪褌懈谢械褌薪械泄 胁芯泄薪褘. 袣褍褉邪卸 懈 锌褉懈卸懈胁邪械褌 褋胁芯懈褏 褌褉械褏 写械褌械泄 薪邪 胁芯泄薪械, 胁褋械褏 芯褌 褉邪蟹薪褘褏 芯褌褑芯胁, 懈 褌械褉褟械褌 懈褏 薪邪 胁芯泄薪械. 袣邪卸写芯谐芯 锌芯-褋胁芯械屑褍 褋褌褉邪褕薪芯 懈 褌褉邪谐懈褔械褋泻懈. 小邪屑邪褟 屑械褌邪褎芯褉懈褔薪邪褟 褎懈谐褍褉邪 懈蟹 写械褌械泄 鈥� 褝褌芯 薪械屑邪褟 袣邪褌褉懈薪. 协褌芯 泻邪泻 谐芯谢芯褋 褋芯胁械褋褌懈, 泻芯褌芯褉芯谐芯 薪械 褋谢褘褕薪芯, 薪芯 泻芯褌芯褉褘泄 写芯谢卸械薪 斜褘褌褜 褍褋谢褘褕邪薪. 袠 袣邪褌褉懈薪 蟹邪褋褌邪胁谢褟械褌 褋械斜褟 褍褋谢褘褕邪褌褜, 蟹邪斜褉邪胁褕懈褋褜 薪邪 泻褉褘褕褍 懈 谐褉芯屑泻芯 褋褌褍褔邪 胁 斜邪褉邪斜邪薪, 褔褌芯斜褘 褉邪蟹斜褍写懈褌褜 卸懈褌械谢械泄 谐芯褉芯写邪. 袧芯 袣褍褉邪卸 薪械 芯褋褌邪薪邪胁谢懈胁邪械褌褋褟, 芯薪邪 卸懈胁械褌 胁芯泄薪芯泄, 泻芯褉屑懈褌褋褟 械褞. 袝泄 胁褋械 褉邪胁薪芯, 泻褌芯 锌芯斜械写懈褌 鈥� 褕胁械写褘 懈谢懈 锌芯谢褟泻懈, 泻邪褌芯谢懈泻懈 懈谢懈 锌褉芯褌械褋褌邪薪褌褘. 袝泄 谐谢邪胁薪芯械, 褔褌芯斜褘 褌芯褉谐芯胁谢褟 褕谢邪. 小邪屑 袘褉械褏褌 锌懈褋邪谢 薪邪 褍锌褉械泻懈, 褔褌芯 锌芯褔械屑褍 芯薪 芯褋褌邪胁懈谢 袣褍褉邪卸 锌褉懈胁械褉卸械薪薪芯泄 胁芯泄薪械: 芦袗胁褌芯褉褍 薪褍卸薪芯, 褔褌芯斜褘 蟹褉懈褌械谢褜 锌褉芯蟹褉械谢.禄 袛邪, 胁邪卸薪械械, 褔褌芯斜褘 褔懈褌邪褌械谢褜 懈谢懈 蟹褉懈褌械谢褜 锌褉芯蟹褉械谢. 袚械薪懈泄 袘褉械褏褌邪 胁 锌芯谢薪芯泄 屑械褉械 锌褉芯褟胁懈谢 褋械斜褟 胁 褝褌芯泄 锌褜械褋械.
January 2, 2022
氐丿 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 (鄢) | 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賵 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳 丕賵 丕夭 亘乇鬲賵賱鬲 亘乇卮鬲
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賴賳乇貙 丌蹖賳賴鈥屫й� 賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲 乇賵 丕賳毓讴丕爻 亘丿賴貙 (亘賱讴賴) 趩讴卮蹖賴 讴賴 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲 乇賵 卮讴賱 賲蹖鈥屫�.
亘賴 賳馗乇賲 丿賵賳爻鬲賳 丕蹖賳 賯囟蹖賴 亘乇丕蹖 丿乇讴 鬲賲丕賲 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 亘乇卮鬲 賱丕夭賲賴. 丕賵賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 乇賵 亘賴 卮讴賱蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 讴賴 丨鬲蹖 丕诏賴 讴爻蹖 亘禺賵丕丿 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 氐丨賳賴鈥屬囏ж� 乇賵 丕噩乇丕 讴賳賴貙 賳丕趩丕乇丕 丕賵賳 賮丕氐賱賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 丕鬲賮丕賯 賲蹖賵賮鬲賴. 噩夭 丕蹖賳讴賴 禺蹖賱蹖 鬲賵蹖 賲鬲賳 丿爻鬲 亘乇丿賴 亘卮賴.
丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 丿乇 丿賵丕夭丿賴 倬乇丿賴 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴. 亘毓囟蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 倬乇丿賴鈥屬囏� 胤賵賱丕賳蹖 賴爻鬲賳 賵 亘毓囟蹖 丕夭 丕賵賳鈥屬囏� 氐乇賮丕 卮丕賲賱 蹖讴 卮毓乇 賲蹖鈥屫促� 讴賴 賲賳 丨爻 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 亘乇丕蹖 賮丕氐賱賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 賵丕乇丿 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 卮丿賳. 亘乇卮鬲 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳讴賴 亘賴 賲禺丕胤亘 蹖丕丿丌賵乇蹖 讴賳賴 丿乇 丨丕賱 丿蹖丿賳 鬲卅丕鬲乇賴貙 賳賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 賵丕賯毓蹖貙 丕賵賱 賴乇 氐丨賳賴 鬲賲丕賲 丕鬲賮丕賯丕鬲 賲賴賲 丕賵賳 乇賵 賲蹖鈥屬嗁堐屫迟� (賲賵賯毓 丕噩乇丕 賴賲 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇 乇賵 乇賵蹖 蹖讴 倬乇丿賴鈥屰� 亘夭乇诏 讴賳丕乇 氐丨賳賴 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖鈥屫ж�.)貙 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲蹖賳 賴蹖趩 鬲毓賱蹖賯蹖 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 丿蹖丿賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫促囏� 亘乇卮鬲 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌ж� 亘丕 鬲讴賳蹖讴鈥屬囏й� 丿丕爻鬲丕賳鈥屫池必й屰� 丨賵丕爻 讴爻蹖 乇賵 倬乇鬲 讴賳賴貙 鬲賲乇讴夭賽 賲丕 乇賵蹖 賲賮丕賴蹖賲 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ辟�. 丕蹖賳 丕鬲賮丕賯 賮賯胤 蹖讴鈥屫ㄘж� 鬲賵蹖 氐丨賳賴鈥屰� 蹖丕夭丿賴賲 亘丕 丕亘賴丕賲 賴賲乇丕賴 賲蹖鈥屫促� 讴賴 噩賱賵鬲乇 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 氐丨亘鬲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�.
賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 爻丕禺鬲丕乇賽 丕倬蹖夭賵丿蹖讴 丿丕乇賴貙 亘賴 胤賵乇 讴賱蹖 蹖讴 乇賵賳丿 丕夭 賳賯胤賴鈥屰� 丕賱賮 亘賴 亘 乇賵 胤蹖 賳賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁囏� 亘丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 讴丕賳爻倬鬲鈥屬囏й屰� 賲孬賱 鬲乇爻 丕夭 氐賱丨貙 丕夭 丿爻鬲 丿丕丿賳 亘趩賴 賵 賲氐蹖亘鬲鈥屬囏й� 噩賳诏 鬲賵蹖 賴乇 氐丨賳賴 馗丕賴乇 賲蹖鈥屫促嗀� 丕賲丕 亘乇卮鬲 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌ж� 丕蹖賳 丨爻 乇賵 亘賴 賲禺丕胤亘 賲賳鬲賯賱 讴賳賴 讴賴 賯乇丕乇賴 丕鬲賮丕賯賽 禺丕氐蹖 亘蹖賵賮鬲賴. 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕夭 丕蹖賳讴賴 賳诏乇丕賳 爻賱丕賲鬲蹖 亘趩賴鈥屬囏ж� 亘丕卮賴貙 賳诏乇丕賳 鬲賲賵賲 卮丿賳 噩賳诏賴 賵 噩賳爻鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 亘賮乇賵卮賴. 鬲丕 丌禺乇 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賴賲 丕蹖賳 賳诏乇丕賳蹖 亘丕賯蹖 賲蹖鈥屬呝堎嗁�. 丕夭 爻賲鬲 丿蹖诏賴 鬲賵蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 丕夭 倬乇丿賴鈥屬囏� 丕鬲賮丕賯賽 禺丕氐蹖 賳賲蹖鈥屫з佖囏� 蹖讴 賱丨馗賴 丕夭 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴爻蹖賴 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 噩賳诏 賵 丿賳蹖丕蹖 噩賳诏 夭丿賴 丿乇 丨丕賱 丨乇讴鬲賴. 賲賳 丿乇爻鬲 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 丕蹖賳 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 乇賵 倬蹖卮 丕夭 亘乇卮鬲 讴爻蹖 丕噩乇丕 讴乇丿賴 蹖丕 賳賴貙 丕賲丕 鬲丕 丨丿賵丿蹖 賲胤賲卅賳賲 讴賴 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丕夭 丕賵賱蹖賳 賵 卮噩丕毓丕賳賴鈥屫臂屬� 賳賲賵賳賴鈥屬囏й� 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 丕夭 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丕倬蹖夭賵丿蹖讴賴.
賵 亘丕賱丕禺乇賴貙 亘禺卮賽 賲賵乇丿 毓賱丕賯賴鈥屬� 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賴賲賴 賲賯丿賲賴鈥屭嗃屬嗃� 讴乇丿賲 鬲丕 亘賴卮 亘乇爻賲: 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏�
丕賵賱 賴賲 亘诏賲 讴賴 賲賳 亘丕 鬲賲丕賲 丕賵賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵 賵 賳賯丿鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 乇賵 蹖讴 讴丕乇丕讴鬲乇 賳賲丕丿蹖賳 賲毓乇賮蹖 讴乇丿賳 賲禺丕賱賮賲. 賲賳鬲賯丿鈥屬囏� 讴丕賲賱丕 丕卮鬲亘丕賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 讴賴 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 賲孬賱 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 乇賵 丿丕爻鬲丕賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 賵 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 丿丕乇賳 鬲賵蹖 丿賳蹖丕蹖 賵丕賯毓蹖 讴爻蹖 丕蹖賳胤賵乇 乇賮鬲丕乇 賳賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�. 丕蹖賳 賳賵毓 乇賮鬲丕乇 禺蹖賱蹖 賴賲 夭蹖丕丿 倬蹖卮 賲蹖丕丿. 亘匕丕乇蹖賳 亘乇丕鬲賵賳 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丕鬲賮丕賯丕鬲蹖 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 賲丿鬲 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵丿賲 丕賮鬲丕丿 乇賵 鬲毓乇蹖賮 讴賳賲:
卮禺氐賽 禺蹖賱蹖 毓夭蹖夭蹖 丕胤乇丕賮 賲賳 賴爻鬲 讴賴 卮睾賱卮 爻丕賲丕賳鈥屫囒� 亘賴 賮賵鬲 卮丿賴鈥屬囏� 丕夭 讴乇賵賳丕卅賴 (丕賱亘鬲賴 亘丕蹖丿 亘诏賲 卮睾賱卮 丕蹖賳 賳蹖爻鬲貙 丕賲丕 賵夭丕乇鬲 亘賴丿丕卮鬲 賮賴賲蹖丿賴 亘賴鬲乇賴 丕蹖卮賵賳 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇 乇賵 丕賳噩丕賲 亘丿賴.). 賲賳 丕蹖賳 賮乇丿 乇賵 爻丕賱鈥屬囏� 賯亘賱 丕夭 讴乇賵賳丕 賲蹖鈥屫促嗀ж� 賵 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 賲乇诏 蹖讴 賲賵噩賵丿 夭賳丿賴貙 丨鬲蹖 禺卮讴 卮丿賳 诏蹖丕賴貙 讴丕賲賱丕 丕賵賳 乇賵 亘賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫臂屫� 賵 乇賵夭卮 乇賵 禺乇丕亘 賲蹖鈥屭┴必�. 丕賲丕 丕夭 賵賯鬲蹖 讴乇賵賳丕 卮乇賵毓 卮丿貙 卮亘丕賳賴 乇賵夭蹖 丌賲丕乇 賲乇诏 賵 賲蹖乇 丕夭 夭蹖乇 丿爻鬲 丕蹖賳 賮乇丿 乇丿 賲蹖鈥屫促囏� 賴乇 乇賵夭 賵賯鬲卮 乇賵 鬲賵蹖 賯亘乇爻鬲賵賳 賲蹖鈥屭柏辟堎嗁� 鬲丕 賲胤賲卅賳賴 亘卮賴 賲賵丕乇丿 亘賴丿丕卮鬲蹖 亘乇丕蹖 禺丕讴鈥屫迟矩ж臂� 乇毓丕蹖鬲 賲蹖鈥屫促囏� 讴賱賽 賲乇诏 賵 賲蹖乇 蹖讴 丕爻鬲丕賳 亘夭乇诏 賵 氐丨亘鬲 亘丕 亘丕夭賲丕賳丿賴鈥屬囏� 诏乇丿賳 丕蹖卮賵賳賴. 趩賳丿 賲丕賴 倬蹖卮 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丕賯賵丕賲 賳爻亘鬲丕 賳夭丿蹖讴 賲丕 賮賵鬲 讴乇丿 賵 丕蹖賳 丌賯丕貙 賯乇丕乇 亘賵丿 禺亘乇 賲乇诏 乇賵 亘賴賲 亘丿賴. 賲賳 鬲賵蹖 毓賲乇賲 賱丨賳蹖 亘賴 丕蹖賳 禺卮讴蹖 賵 亘蹖鈥屫佖з堌� 亘賴 賳爻亘鬲 賲乇诏 乇賵 賳卮賳蹖丿賴 亘賵丿賲.
丕诏賴 讴乇賵賳丕 賵 卮賲乇丿賳 賲乇丿賴鈥屬囏� 亘鬲賵賳賴 丕蹖賳 亘賱丕 乇賵 爻乇 蹖讴 賳賮乇 亘蹖丕乇賴貙 鬲氐賵乇 讴賳蹖賳 夭賳丿诏蹖 賵爻胤 噩賳诏 亘乇丕蹖 趩賳丿 爻丕賱 亘丕 賲乇丿賲 趩蹖讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�.
賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丕夭 賳馗乇 賲賳 禺蹖賱蹖 賲賳胤賯蹖 亘賵丿貙 丨鬲蹖 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕夭 丕賵賳蹖 讴賴 亘鬲賵賳蹖賲 丕賵賳 乇賵 蹖讴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賲賳賮蹖 亘丿賵賳蹖賲. 丕賵賳 丕賳爻丕賳蹖賴 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 噩賳诏 亘夭乇诏 卮丿賴貙 爻毓蹖卮 乇賵 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賮乇夭賳丿鈥屬囏ж� 乇賵 夭賳丿賴 賵 爻丕賱賲 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲氐蹖亘鬲 乇丿 讴賳賴. 丕賲丕 丌禺乇賽 賴賲賴 丕賵賱賵蹖鬲 丕氐賱蹖 禺賵丿卮賴 賵 禺賵丿卮. 蹖讴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丕丨爻丕爻蹖 夭賲丕賳蹖 讴賴 爻賵蹖爻蹖貙 倬爻乇卮貙 賯乇丕乇賴 丕毓丿丕賲 亘卮賴 亘丿賵賳賽 賴蹖趩 賮讴乇蹖 鬲賲丕賲 鬲賱丕卮卮 乇賵 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�. 丕賲丕 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丨丕囟乇 賳賲蹖鈥屫促� 诏丕乇蹖 賵 賵爻丕蹖賱卮 乇賵 亘賮乇賵卮賴 趩賵賳 賲胤賲卅賳賴 丕诏賴 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇 乇賵 亘讴賳賴 禺賵丿卮 賵 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 丕夭 诏卮賳诏蹖 賲蹖鈥屬呟屫辟�. 禺蹖賱蹖 爻丕丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促� 賲毓丕丿賱賴鈥屰� 丿丕禺賱 匕賴賳 丿賱丕賵乇 乇賵 賮賴賲蹖丿. 鬲乇噩蹖丨 賲蹖鈥屫� 倬爻乇卮 亘賲蹖乇賴 (亘丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 賳丕乇丕丨鬲 賲蹖鈥屫促�) 鬲丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 賳噩丕鬲卮 亘丿賴 賵 賴乇 爻賴 賳賮乇 亘丕 賴賲 锟斤拷賲蹖乇賳. 賴乇 趩蹖 賴賲 賳亘丕卮賴貙 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丕蹖賳 賴賲賴 爻丕賱 賲乇诏 賵 賲蹖乇 丿蹖丿賴貙 卮丕蹖丿 賴乇 乇賵夭 亘丕 噩爻丿 爻乇亘丕夭賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 乇賵 亘賴 乇賵 卮丿賴 賵 賵爻胤賽 噩賴賳賲 乇丕賴 乇賮鬲賴 (丕賵賳 胤賵乇 讴賴 禺賵丿卮 賲蹖鈥屭�.) 賲乇诏 亘乇丕蹖 丕賵賳 噩丿蹖丿 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 亘丕賴丕卮 讴賳丕乇 賲蹖丕丿貙 賵賱蹖 鬲乇噩蹖丨 賲蹖鈥屫� 噩賵賳 禺賵丿卮 賵 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 乇賵 丿乇 禺胤乇 賳賳丿丕夭賴.
丕夭 丕賵賳 爻賲鬲 賯丕囟蹖 毓爻讴乇 乇賵 丿丕乇蹖賲. 賳賲丕蹖賳丿賴鈥屰� 讴丕賲賱 賲匕賴亘 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖. 賯丕囟蹖 毓爻讴乇 賲賵丕噩賴鈥屫� 亘丕 賲乇诏 賵 噩賳诏貙 倬蹖卮 丕夭 丕蹖賳讴賴 賴賲乇丕賴 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 亘卮賴貙 丨丕賱鬲 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴. 禺胤乇 賲乇诏 丕賵賳 乇賵 鬲賴丿蹖丿 賳賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 賵 賲乇丿賴鈥屬囏й� 噩賳诏 乇賵 卮賴蹖丿 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池囏� 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲蹖賳 賮卮丕乇賽 賳蹖爻鬲蹖 賵 賲乇诏 讴賲鬲乇 乇賵蹖 丕賵賳 賮卮丕乇 丕賵乇丿賴. 鬲丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 賴賲乇丕賴賽 丿賱丕賵乇 賲蹖鈥屫促� 賵 丕诏賴 氐丨賳賴鈥屰� 倬賳噩賲 乇賵 亘禺賵賳蹖賳貙 賲鬲賵噩賴 賲蹖鈥屫篡屬� 趩賴 賯丿乇 丕蹖賳 丿賳蹖丕亘蹖賳蹖 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲賴:
賯丕囟蹖 毓爻讴乇 丿丕乇賴 爻毓蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 夭禺賲蹖鈥屬囏� 乇賵 賳噩丕鬲 亘丿賴 賵 蹖讴 亘趩賴 乇賵 丕夭 夭蹖乇 丌賵丕乇 亘蹖丕乇賴 亘蹖乇賵賳貙 丕賲丕 丿賱丕賵乇 丨鬲蹖 丨丕囟乇 賳蹖爻鬲 鬲讴賴鈥屬囏й� 倬丕乇趩賴鈥屫� 乇賵 亘乇丕蹖 亘爻鬲賳 夭禺賲 亘賴 讴爻蹖 亘丿賴.
亘丕乇 丕賵賱蹖 讴賴 丕蹖賳 氐丨賳賴 乇賵 禺賵賳丿賲 禺蹖丕賱 讴乇丿賲 亘乇卮鬲 賯氐丿 丿丕乇賴 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 亘蹖鈥屫必呟� 丿賱丕賵乇 亘诏賴. 亘丕乇 丿賵賲 夭賲丕賳蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 乇賵 鬲賲賵賲 讴乇丿賲 賵 賲胤賲卅賳 卮丿賲 氐丨賳賴鈥屰� 倬賳噩賲 乇賵 丕卮鬲亘丕賴 禺賵賳丿賲. 丕诏賴 亘丕 丿賯鬲 丕蹖賳 氐丨賳賴 乇賵 亘禺賵賳蹖賳 賲鬲賵噩賴 賲蹖鈥屫篡屬� 讴賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丿賵鬲丕 趩蹖夭 乇賵 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁囏� 丕賵賱 丕蹖賳讴賴 賯乇丕乇賴 丿賵亘丕乇賴 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賲賳胤賯賴 丨賲賱賴 亘卮賴貙 丕賵賳丕蹖蹖 讴賴 夭賳丿賴 賲賵賳丿賳 賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 禺蹖賱蹖 賵囟毓蹖鬲 賲賳丕爻亘蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賳. 噩賱賵鬲乇 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖鈥屫促� 讴賴 賴乇 卮賴乇蹖 讴賴 賳丕亘賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫促� 亘毓丿 丕夭 賲丿鬲蹖 亘賴 賯丨胤蹖 賲蹖鈥屫堌辟�. 丿賱丕賵乇 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池� 倬丕乇趩賴鈥屬囏ж� 賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 賵囟毓蹖鬲蹖 乇賵 毓賵囟 讴賳賳貙 丕诏賴 丕賵賳鈥屬囏� 乇賵 亘賴 蹖讴 噩爻丿 亘亘賳丿賴 賮乇賯蹖 賳丿丕乇賴 亘丕 亘爻鬲賳卮 亘賴 夭禺賲蹖鈥屬囏�.
賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 賵丕賯毓丕 趩乇丕 丕蹖賳 賯丿乇 賲乇丿賲 丕夭 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賲鬲賳賮乇賳貙 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 讴賴 賲賳胤賯蹖 亘賵丿賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 丿蹖诏賴 鬲賵蹖 乇賲丕賳 賵 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖鈥屬囏� 乇賵 鬲丨爻蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�. 賲賳胤賯蹖 亘賵丿賳 鬲賵蹖 蹖讴 夭賳丿诏蹖 卮賴乇蹖 丌爻賵賳賴貙 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 夭蹖乇 丕蹖賳 賴賲賴 賮卮丕乇 蹖讴 賳賮乇 讴賳鬲乇賱卮 乇賵 丕夭 丿爻鬲 賳丿賴 賵 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲卮 乇賵 爻乇讴賵亘 讴賳賴 (趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 亘賴 賵囟賵丨 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃屬�) 禺蹖賱蹖 爻禺鬲賴 賵 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丕賳爻丕賳 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿蹖賴.
亘賴 噩夭 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇貙 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 鬲賳賴丕 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖賴 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 讴賱 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 賴爻鬲. 丿禺鬲乇賽 賱丕賱賽 丿賱丕賵乇 讴賴... 賲賳 乇賵 亘賴賲 乇蹖禺鬲. 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲 丕蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲貙 夭賳丿诏蹖 賵 賲乇诏卮 賯乇丕乇賴 鬲丕 爻丕賱鈥屬囏� 鬲賵蹖 匕賴賳賽 賲賳 亘賲賵賳賴. 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 丨鬲蹖 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池� 丨乇賮 亘夭賳賴 賵 讴丕乇蹖 亘讴賳賴貙 禺賵丿卮 丨爻 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 丕囟丕賮賴鈥屫�. 丕夭 丕賵賳 爻賲鬲 賴賲蹖卮賴 丌乇夭賵 丿丕卮鬲 蹖讴 夭賳丿诏蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴貙 讴爻蹖 讴賴 亘賴卮 賲丨亘鬲 讴賳賴. 氐丨賳賴鈥屰� 賳賴賲 乇賵 亘禺賵賳蹖賳貙 丿乇丿賳丕讴賴. 丿賱丕賵乇 鬲賵蹖 蹖讴 丿蹖丕賱賵诏卮 爻賴鈥屫� 賲爻卅賱賴鈥屰� 賲賴賲 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭�. 丕蹖賳噩丕 丿賯蹖賯丕 賲鬲賳 乇賵 賲蹖丕乇賲:
芦... 趩賴 禺賵丕亘鈥屬囏й� 賵丨卮鬲賳丕讴蹖 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀�! 卮亘鈥屬囏й� 氐丿丕蹖 賳丕賱賴鈥屫ж� 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫促嗁堎呚� 賲禺氐賵氐丕 亘毓丿 丕夭 賴乇 夭丿 賵 禺賵乇丿蹖. 賳賲蹖鈥屫з嗁� 趩賴 趩蹖夭賴丕蹖蹖 亘賴 禺賵丕亘 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀�. 亘乇丕蹖 蹖讴 匕乇賴 賲丨亘鬲 賲蹖鈥屬呟屫必�. 賴賲蹖賳 鬲丕夭诏蹖 亘丕夭 賴賲 蹖讴 噩賵噩賴 鬲蹖睾蹖 卮賱 賵 倬賱 鬲賵蹖 丕爻亘丕亘鈥屬囏й屫� 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賲.禄
賴賲蹖賳 亘禺卮 丿蹖卮亘 丕蹖賳賯丿乇蹖 毓氐亘蹖賲 讴乇丿 讴賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池� 乇丕丨鬲 亘禺賵丕亘賲. 丕蹖讴丕卮 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 蹖讴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 禺丕賱蹖 賵 爻丕禺鬲賴鈥屰� 匕賴賳 亘乇卮鬲 亘賵丿. 丕賲丕 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 鬲賵蹖 賴賲蹖賳 卮賴乇賽 賲賳貙 鬲賵蹖 卮毓丕毓賽 賳賴丕蹖鬲丕 20 讴蹖賱賵賲鬲乇蹖賲 鬲毓丿丕丿 賯丕亘賱 鬲賵噩賴蹖 賴爻鬲賳 讴賴 賵囟毓蹖鬲賽 賲卮丕亘賴 亘丕 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 丿丕乇賳. 讴爻丕蹖蹖 讴賴 夭賳丿诏蹖卮賵賳 亘丕亘鬲 鬲氐賲蹖賲丕鬲 丕卮鬲亘丕賴 亘賯蹖賴 亘乇丕蹖 賲乇丿賲 禺乇丕亘 卮丿賴.
讴賲鬲乇 賲乇诏蹖 亘賴 丕賳丿丕夭賴 蹖 賲乇诏 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 賲賳 乇賵 亘賴賲 乇蹖禺鬲 賵 賳丕乇丕丨鬲 讴乇丿. 丨鬲蹖 賳賵卮鬲賳 丕蹖賳 趩賳丿 禺胤 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 亘賴 丕賳丿丕夭賴鈥屰� 賳賵卮鬲賳 亘賯蹖賴鈥屰� 乇蹖賵蹖賵 丕夭賲 賵賯鬲 诏乇賮鬲貙 亘丕乇賴丕 賲噩亘賵乇 卮丿賲 丕夭 賳賵卮鬲賳 丿爻鬲 亘讴卮賲 鬲丕 亘鬲賵賳賲 禺賵丿賲賵 丌乇賵賲 讴賳賲.
禺蹖賱蹖 丿賱賲 賲蹖鈥屫堌ж� 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 亘賳賵蹖爻賲貙 賲禺氐賵氐丕 乇賮鬲丕乇賴丕蹖 丿賱丕賵乇 亘賴 賳爻亘鬲 卮乇丕蹖胤 賵 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 丿蹖诏賴. 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵蹖 丕夭 賳賲丕丿诏乇丕蹖蹖 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 氐丨亘鬲 賳讴乇丿賲 趩賵賳 禺蹖賱蹖 鬲丕 丨丕賱丕 賯亘賱 丕夭 賲賳 爻乇丕睾 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 乇賮鬲賳貙 蹖讴賲 鬲讴乇丕乇蹖 亘賵丿.
亘乇丕蹖 賲丕賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖乇丕賳貙 賲禺氐賵氐丕 丕蹖賳 丿賵乇賴 丕夭 鬲丕乇蹖禺卮 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴乇丿蹖賲 氐丨亘鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘乇卮鬲 噩丿蹖丿 賳蹖爻鬲貨 亘禺卮 賯丕亘賱 鬲賵噩賴蹖 丕夭 丕賵賳鈥屬囏� 乇賵 卮禺氐丕 丿蹖丿賲. 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 丕蹖賳讴賴 丕賵賱蹖賳 賲禺丕胤亘鈥屬囏й� 丕蹖賳 毓氐乇貙 賲乇丿賲 丌賱賲丕賳蹖 亘賵丿賳 讴賴 賳丕夭蹖鈥屬囏� 賵 丕毓鬲賯丕丿賴丕卮賵賳賵 丿蹖丿賳貙 倬爻 丕丨鬲賲丕賱丕 丕賵賳鈥屬囏� 賴賲 亘丕 丕蹖賳 賯囟蹖賴 丌卮賳丕 亘賵丿賳. 禺蹖賱蹖 乇丕丨鬲 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 鬲氐賵乇 讴賳賲 讴賴 亘禺卮賽 亘夭乇诏蹖 丕夭 賲禺丕胤亘鈥屬囏й� 亘乇卮鬲 亘丕 毓賯丕蹖丿卮 賲賵丕賮賯 亘賵丿賳. 丕賲丕 賲爻卅賱賴 丕蹖賳賴 讴賴 趩胤賵乇貙 賲賳蹖 讴賴 鬲賯乇蹖亘丕 鬲賲丕賲 丕蹖賳 氐丨亘鬲鈥屬囏й� 亘乇卮鬲 乇賵 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池� 賵 丕夭 賯亘賱 賴賲 賮賴賲蹖丿賴 亘賵丿賲貙 丕蹖賳賯丿乇 鬲丨鬲 鬲丕孬蹖乇 賯乇丕乇 诏乇賮鬲賲責 亘乇卮鬲 趩胤賵乇 賴賲夭賲丕賳 丕夭 鬲讴賳蹖讴 賮丕氐賱賴 诏匕丕乇蹖 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 丕夭 丕賵賳 爻賲鬲 丕蹖賳 丨噩賲 丕夭 賴賲匕丕鬲鈥屬举嗀ж臂� 乇賵 亘丕 讴丕乇丕讴鬲乇鈥屬囏ж� 賲蹖卮賴 丨爻 讴乇丿責
賯亘賱 丕夭 丕蹖賳讴賴 爻乇丕睾 禺賵丿賽 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 亘乇賲貙 亘賴鬲乇賴 禺蹖賱蹖 賲禺鬲氐乇 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 亘乇卮鬲 賵 鬲卅丕鬲乇卮 氐丨亘鬲 讴賳賲. 亘乇卮鬲 鬲卅丕鬲乇蹖 亘賴 丕爻賲 丕倬蹖讴 乇賵 倬丕蹖賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 讴乇丿 讴賴 丿賯蹖賯丕 亘乇毓讴爻 鬲卅丕鬲乇 丿乇丕賲丕鬲蹖讴 亘賵丿貙 鬲卅丕鬲乇 丕倬蹖讴 賲爻卅賱賴鈥屫й� 亘賴 丕爻賲 賮丕氐賱賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 乇賵 賵丕乇丿 丕噩乇丕賴丕 讴乇丿. 賮丕氐賱賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 蹖毓賳蹖 亘賴 賲禺丕胤亘 蹖丕丿丌賵乇蹖 賲蹖鈥屫促� 丿乇 丨丕賱 丿蹖丿賳 鬲卅丕鬲乇賴 賵 鬲賲丕賲 丕蹖賳鈥屬囏� 賯氐賴鈥屫�. 賴丿賮 賴賲 亘乇丕賳诏蹖禺鬲賴鈥� 讴乇丿賳 丕蹖賳 賲禺丕胤亘 亘賵丿賳 鬲丕 丿丕爻鬲丕賳蹖 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屫促嗁堎� 賵 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗁� 鬲丕孬蹖乇 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 亘匕丕乇賴. 鬲賵賴賲 鬲卅丕鬲乇 亘丕蹖丿 丨匕賮 亘卮賴 鬲丕 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴/讴丕乇诏乇丿丕賳 鬲卅丕鬲乇 亘鬲賵賳賳 倬蹖丕賲 禺賵丿卮賵賳 乇賵 亘賴 讴丕賲賱鈥屫臂屬� 賳賵毓 亘賴 賲禺丕胤亘 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 亘丿賳. 亘乇卮鬲 賳蹖丕夭 丿丕卮鬲 賲禺丕胤亘卮 鬲丕 丿爻鬲讴賲 鬲丕 趩賳丿 爻丕毓鬲 亘毓丿 丕夭 丕蹖賳讴賴 丕夭 爻丕賱賳 鬲卅丕鬲乇 禺丕乇噩 卮丿 亘賴 趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 丿蹖丿賴 賮讴乇 讴賳賴貨 鬲卅丕鬲乇 丿乇丕賲丕鬲蹖讴 禺蹖賱蹖 賵賯鬲鈥屬囏� 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 亘賴 禺賵丿賽 禺賵丿卮 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇 乇賵 亘乇丕蹖 賲禺丕胤亘 丕賳噩丕賲 亘丿賴. 亘賴鬲乇蹖賳 鬲賵囟蹖丨 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕蹖賳 賯囟蹖賴 乇賵 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗃屬� 鬲賵蹖 丿蹖丿诏丕賴 亘乇卮鬲 亘賴 賴賳乇 亘亘蹖賳蹖賲:
賴賳乇貙 丌蹖賳賴鈥屫й� 賳蹖爻鬲 讴賴 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲 乇賵 丕賳毓讴丕爻 亘丿賴貙 (亘賱讴賴) 趩讴卮蹖賴 讴賴 賵丕賯毓蹖鬲 乇賵 卮讴賱 賲蹖鈥屫�.
亘賴 賳馗乇賲 丿賵賳爻鬲賳 丕蹖賳 賯囟蹖賴 亘乇丕蹖 丿乇讴 鬲賲丕賲 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 亘乇卮鬲 賱丕夭賲賴. 丕賵賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 乇賵 亘賴 卮讴賱蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 讴賴 丨鬲蹖 丕诏賴 讴爻蹖 亘禺賵丕丿 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 氐丨賳賴鈥屬囏ж� 乇賵 丕噩乇丕 讴賳賴貙 賳丕趩丕乇丕 丕賵賳 賮丕氐賱賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 丕鬲賮丕賯 賲蹖賵賮鬲賴. 噩夭 丕蹖賳讴賴 禺蹖賱蹖 鬲賵蹖 賲鬲賳 丿爻鬲 亘乇丿賴 亘卮賴.
丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 丿乇 丿賵丕夭丿賴 倬乇丿賴 賳賵卮鬲賴 卮丿賴. 亘毓囟蹖 丕夭 丕蹖賳 倬乇丿賴鈥屬囏� 胤賵賱丕賳蹖 賴爻鬲賳 賵 亘毓囟蹖 丕夭 丕賵賳鈥屬囏� 氐乇賮丕 卮丕賲賱 蹖讴 卮毓乇 賲蹖鈥屫促� 讴賴 賲賳 丨爻 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 亘乇丕蹖 賮丕氐賱賴鈥屭柏ж臂� 賵丕乇丿 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 卮丿賳. 亘乇卮鬲 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳讴賴 亘賴 賲禺丕胤亘 蹖丕丿丌賵乇蹖 讴賳賴 丿乇 丨丕賱 丿蹖丿賳 鬲卅丕鬲乇賴貙 賳賴 夭賳丿诏蹖 賵丕賯毓蹖貙 丕賵賱 賴乇 氐丨賳賴 鬲賲丕賲 丕鬲賮丕賯丕鬲 賲賴賲 丕賵賳 乇賵 賲蹖鈥屬嗁堐屫迟� (賲賵賯毓 丕噩乇丕 賴賲 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇 乇賵 乇賵蹖 蹖讴 倬乇丿賴鈥屰� 亘夭乇诏 讴賳丕乇 氐丨賳賴 丕賳噩丕賲 賲蹖鈥屫ж�.)貙 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲蹖賳 賴蹖趩 鬲毓賱蹖賯蹖 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 丿蹖丿賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫促囏� 亘乇卮鬲 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌ж� 亘丕 鬲讴賳蹖讴鈥屬囏й� 丿丕爻鬲丕賳鈥屫池必й屰� 丨賵丕爻 讴爻蹖 乇賵 倬乇鬲 讴賳賴貙 鬲賲乇讴夭賽 賲丕 乇賵蹖 賲賮丕賴蹖賲 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ辟�. 丕蹖賳 丕鬲賮丕賯 賮賯胤 蹖讴鈥屫ㄘж� 鬲賵蹖 氐丨賳賴鈥屰� 蹖丕夭丿賴賲 亘丕 丕亘賴丕賲 賴賲乇丕賴 賲蹖鈥屫促� 讴賴 噩賱賵鬲乇 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 氐丨亘鬲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�.
賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 爻丕禺鬲丕乇賽 丕倬蹖夭賵丿蹖讴 丿丕乇賴貙 亘賴 胤賵乇 讴賱蹖 蹖讴 乇賵賳丿 丕夭 賳賯胤賴鈥屰� 丕賱賮 亘賴 亘 乇賵 胤蹖 賳賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁囏� 亘丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 讴丕賳爻倬鬲鈥屬囏й屰� 賲孬賱 鬲乇爻 丕夭 氐賱丨貙 丕夭 丿爻鬲 丿丕丿賳 亘趩賴 賵 賲氐蹖亘鬲鈥屬囏й� 噩賳诏 鬲賵蹖 賴乇 氐丨賳賴 馗丕賴乇 賲蹖鈥屫促嗀� 丕賲丕 亘乇卮鬲 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌ж� 丕蹖賳 丨爻 乇賵 亘賴 賲禺丕胤亘 賲賳鬲賯賱 讴賳賴 讴賴 賯乇丕乇賴 丕鬲賮丕賯賽 禺丕氐蹖 亘蹖賵賮鬲賴. 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕夭 丕蹖賳讴賴 賳诏乇丕賳 爻賱丕賲鬲蹖 亘趩賴鈥屬囏ж� 亘丕卮賴貙 賳诏乇丕賳 鬲賲賵賲 卮丿賳 噩賳诏賴 賵 噩賳爻鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 亘賮乇賵卮賴. 鬲丕 丌禺乇 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賴賲 丕蹖賳 賳诏乇丕賳蹖 亘丕賯蹖 賲蹖鈥屬呝堎嗁�. 丕夭 爻賲鬲 丿蹖诏賴 鬲賵蹖 禺蹖賱蹖 丕夭 倬乇丿賴鈥屬囏� 丕鬲賮丕賯賽 禺丕氐蹖 賳賲蹖鈥屫з佖囏� 蹖讴 賱丨馗賴 丕夭 夭賳丿诏蹖 讴爻蹖賴 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 噩賳诏 賵 丿賳蹖丕蹖 噩賳诏 夭丿賴 丿乇 丨丕賱 丨乇讴鬲賴. 賲賳 丿乇爻鬲 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 丕蹖賳 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 乇賵 倬蹖卮 丕夭 亘乇卮鬲 讴爻蹖 丕噩乇丕 讴乇丿賴 蹖丕 賳賴貙 丕賲丕 鬲丕 丨丿賵丿蹖 賲胤賲卅賳賲 讴賴 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丕夭 丕賵賱蹖賳 賵 卮噩丕毓丕賳賴鈥屫臂屬� 賳賲賵賳賴鈥屬囏й� 丕爻鬲賮丕丿賴 丕夭 爻丕禺鬲丕乇 丕倬蹖夭賵丿蹖讴賴.
賵 亘丕賱丕禺乇賴貙 亘禺卮賽 賲賵乇丿 毓賱丕賯賴鈥屬� 讴賴 丕蹖賳 賴賲賴 賲賯丿賲賴鈥屭嗃屬嗃� 讴乇丿賲 鬲丕 亘賴卮 亘乇爻賲: 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏�
丕賵賱 賴賲 亘诏賲 讴賴 賲賳 亘丕 鬲賲丕賲 丕賵賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵 賵 賳賯丿鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 乇賵 蹖讴 讴丕乇丕讴鬲乇 賳賲丕丿蹖賳 賲毓乇賮蹖 讴乇丿賳 賲禺丕賱賮賲. 賲賳鬲賯丿鈥屬囏� 讴丕賲賱丕 丕卮鬲亘丕賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 讴賴 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 賲孬賱 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 乇賵 丿丕爻鬲丕賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 賵 丕毓鬲賯丕丿 丿丕乇賳 鬲賵蹖 丿賳蹖丕蹖 賵丕賯毓蹖 讴爻蹖 丕蹖賳胤賵乇 乇賮鬲丕乇 賳賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�. 丕蹖賳 賳賵毓 乇賮鬲丕乇 禺蹖賱蹖 賴賲 夭蹖丕丿 倬蹖卮 賲蹖丕丿. 亘匕丕乇蹖賳 亘乇丕鬲賵賳 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丕鬲賮丕賯丕鬲蹖 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 賲丿鬲 亘乇丕蹖 禺賵丿賲 丕賮鬲丕丿 乇賵 鬲毓乇蹖賮 讴賳賲:
卮禺氐賽 禺蹖賱蹖 毓夭蹖夭蹖 丕胤乇丕賮 賲賳 賴爻鬲 讴賴 卮睾賱卮 爻丕賲丕賳鈥屫囒� 亘賴 賮賵鬲 卮丿賴鈥屬囏� 丕夭 讴乇賵賳丕卅賴 (丕賱亘鬲賴 亘丕蹖丿 亘诏賲 卮睾賱卮 丕蹖賳 賳蹖爻鬲貙 丕賲丕 賵夭丕乇鬲 亘賴丿丕卮鬲 賮賴賲蹖丿賴 亘賴鬲乇賴 丕蹖卮賵賳 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇 乇賵 丕賳噩丕賲 亘丿賴.). 賲賳 丕蹖賳 賮乇丿 乇賵 爻丕賱鈥屬囏� 賯亘賱 丕夭 讴乇賵賳丕 賲蹖鈥屫促嗀ж� 賵 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 賲乇诏 蹖讴 賲賵噩賵丿 夭賳丿賴貙 丨鬲蹖 禺卮讴 卮丿賳 诏蹖丕賴貙 讴丕賲賱丕 丕賵賳 乇賵 亘賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫臂屫� 賵 乇賵夭卮 乇賵 禺乇丕亘 賲蹖鈥屭┴必�. 丕賲丕 丕夭 賵賯鬲蹖 讴乇賵賳丕 卮乇賵毓 卮丿貙 卮亘丕賳賴 乇賵夭蹖 丌賲丕乇 賲乇诏 賵 賲蹖乇 丕夭 夭蹖乇 丿爻鬲 丕蹖賳 賮乇丿 乇丿 賲蹖鈥屫促囏� 賴乇 乇賵夭 賵賯鬲卮 乇賵 鬲賵蹖 賯亘乇爻鬲賵賳 賲蹖鈥屭柏辟堎嗁� 鬲丕 賲胤賲卅賳賴 亘卮賴 賲賵丕乇丿 亘賴丿丕卮鬲蹖 亘乇丕蹖 禺丕讴鈥屫迟矩ж臂� 乇毓丕蹖鬲 賲蹖鈥屫促囏� 讴賱賽 賲乇诏 賵 賲蹖乇 蹖讴 丕爻鬲丕賳 亘夭乇诏 賵 氐丨亘鬲 亘丕 亘丕夭賲丕賳丿賴鈥屬囏� 诏乇丿賳 丕蹖卮賵賳賴. 趩賳丿 賲丕賴 倬蹖卮 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丕賯賵丕賲 賳爻亘鬲丕 賳夭丿蹖讴 賲丕 賮賵鬲 讴乇丿 賵 丕蹖賳 丌賯丕貙 賯乇丕乇 亘賵丿 禺亘乇 賲乇诏 乇賵 亘賴賲 亘丿賴. 賲賳 鬲賵蹖 毓賲乇賲 賱丨賳蹖 亘賴 丕蹖賳 禺卮讴蹖 賵 亘蹖鈥屫佖з堌� 亘賴 賳爻亘鬲 賲乇诏 乇賵 賳卮賳蹖丿賴 亘賵丿賲.
丕诏賴 讴乇賵賳丕 賵 卮賲乇丿賳 賲乇丿賴鈥屬囏� 亘鬲賵賳賴 丕蹖賳 亘賱丕 乇賵 爻乇 蹖讴 賳賮乇 亘蹖丕乇賴貙 鬲氐賵乇 讴賳蹖賳 夭賳丿诏蹖 賵爻胤 噩賳诏 亘乇丕蹖 趩賳丿 爻丕賱 亘丕 賲乇丿賲 趩蹖讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�.
賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丕夭 賳馗乇 賲賳 禺蹖賱蹖 賲賳胤賯蹖 亘賵丿貙 丨鬲蹖 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丕夭 丕賵賳蹖 讴賴 亘鬲賵賳蹖賲 丕賵賳 乇賵 蹖讴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賲賳賮蹖 亘丿賵賳蹖賲. 丕賵賳 丕賳爻丕賳蹖賴 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 噩賳诏 亘夭乇诏 卮丿賴貙 爻毓蹖卮 乇賵 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賮乇夭賳丿鈥屬囏ж� 乇賵 夭賳丿賴 賵 爻丕賱賲 丕夭 丕蹖賳 賲氐蹖亘鬲 乇丿 讴賳賴. 丕賲丕 丌禺乇賽 賴賲賴 丕賵賱賵蹖鬲 丕氐賱蹖 禺賵丿卮賴 賵 禺賵丿卮. 蹖讴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丕丨爻丕爻蹖 夭賲丕賳蹖 讴賴 爻賵蹖爻蹖貙 倬爻乇卮貙 賯乇丕乇賴 丕毓丿丕賲 亘卮賴 亘丿賵賳賽 賴蹖趩 賮讴乇蹖 鬲賲丕賲 鬲賱丕卮卮 乇賵 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�. 丕賲丕 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丨丕囟乇 賳賲蹖鈥屫促� 诏丕乇蹖 賵 賵爻丕蹖賱卮 乇賵 亘賮乇賵卮賴 趩賵賳 賲胤賲卅賳賴 丕诏賴 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇 乇賵 亘讴賳賴 禺賵丿卮 賵 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 丕夭 诏卮賳诏蹖 賲蹖鈥屬呟屫辟�. 禺蹖賱蹖 爻丕丿賴 賲蹖鈥屫促� 賲毓丕丿賱賴鈥屰� 丿丕禺賱 匕賴賳 丿賱丕賵乇 乇賵 賮賴賲蹖丿. 鬲乇噩蹖丨 賲蹖鈥屫� 倬爻乇卮 亘賲蹖乇賴 (亘丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 賳丕乇丕丨鬲 賲蹖鈥屫促�) 鬲丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 賳噩丕鬲卮 亘丿賴 賵 賴乇 爻賴 賳賮乇 亘丕 賴賲 锟斤拷賲蹖乇賳. 賴乇 趩蹖 賴賲 賳亘丕卮賴貙 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丕蹖賳 賴賲賴 爻丕賱 賲乇诏 賵 賲蹖乇 丿蹖丿賴貙 卮丕蹖丿 賴乇 乇賵夭 亘丕 噩爻丿 爻乇亘丕夭賴丕蹖 賲禺鬲賱賮 乇賵 亘賴 乇賵 卮丿賴 賵 賵爻胤賽 噩賴賳賲 乇丕賴 乇賮鬲賴 (丕賵賳 胤賵乇 讴賴 禺賵丿卮 賲蹖鈥屭�.) 賲乇诏 亘乇丕蹖 丕賵賳 噩丿蹖丿 賳蹖爻鬲 賵 亘丕賴丕卮 讴賳丕乇 賲蹖丕丿貙 賵賱蹖 鬲乇噩蹖丨 賲蹖鈥屫� 噩賵賳 禺賵丿卮 賵 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 乇賵 丿乇 禺胤乇 賳賳丿丕夭賴.
丕夭 丕賵賳 爻賲鬲 賯丕囟蹖 毓爻讴乇 乇賵 丿丕乇蹖賲. 賳賲丕蹖賳丿賴鈥屰� 讴丕賲賱 賲匕賴亘 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖. 賯丕囟蹖 毓爻讴乇 賲賵丕噩賴鈥屫� 亘丕 賲乇诏 賵 噩賳诏貙 倬蹖卮 丕夭 丕蹖賳讴賴 賴賲乇丕賴 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 亘卮賴貙 丨丕賱鬲 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴. 禺胤乇 賲乇诏 丕賵賳 乇賵 鬲賴丿蹖丿 賳賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 賵 賲乇丿賴鈥屬囏й� 噩賳诏 乇賵 卮賴蹖丿 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池囏� 亘乇丕蹖 賴賲蹖賳 賮卮丕乇賽 賳蹖爻鬲蹖 賵 賲乇诏 讴賲鬲乇 乇賵蹖 丕賵賳 賮卮丕乇 丕賵乇丿賴. 鬲丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 賴賲乇丕賴賽 丿賱丕賵乇 賲蹖鈥屫促� 賵 丕诏賴 氐丨賳賴鈥屰� 倬賳噩賲 乇賵 亘禺賵賳蹖賳貙 賲鬲賵噩賴 賲蹖鈥屫篡屬� 趩賴 賯丿乇 丕蹖賳 丿賳蹖丕亘蹖賳蹖 賲鬲賮丕賵鬲賴:
賯丕囟蹖 毓爻讴乇 丿丕乇賴 爻毓蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 夭禺賲蹖鈥屬囏� 乇賵 賳噩丕鬲 亘丿賴 賵 蹖讴 亘趩賴 乇賵 丕夭 夭蹖乇 丌賵丕乇 亘蹖丕乇賴 亘蹖乇賵賳貙 丕賲丕 丿賱丕賵乇 丨鬲蹖 丨丕囟乇 賳蹖爻鬲 鬲讴賴鈥屬囏й� 倬丕乇趩賴鈥屫� 乇賵 亘乇丕蹖 亘爻鬲賳 夭禺賲 亘賴 讴爻蹖 亘丿賴.
亘丕乇 丕賵賱蹖 讴賴 丕蹖賳 氐丨賳賴 乇賵 禺賵賳丿賲 禺蹖丕賱 讴乇丿賲 亘乇卮鬲 賯氐丿 丿丕乇賴 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 亘蹖鈥屫必呟� 丿賱丕賵乇 亘诏賴. 亘丕乇 丿賵賲 夭賲丕賳蹖 亘賵丿 讴賴 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 乇賵 鬲賲賵賲 讴乇丿賲 賵 賲胤賲卅賳 卮丿賲 氐丨賳賴鈥屰� 倬賳噩賲 乇賵 丕卮鬲亘丕賴 禺賵賳丿賲. 丕诏賴 亘丕 丿賯鬲 丕蹖賳 氐丨賳賴 乇賵 亘禺賵賳蹖賳 賲鬲賵噩賴 賲蹖鈥屫篡屬� 讴賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丿賵鬲丕 趩蹖夭 乇賵 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁囏� 丕賵賱 丕蹖賳讴賴 賯乇丕乇賴 丿賵亘丕乇賴 亘賴 丕蹖賳 賲賳胤賯賴 丨賲賱賴 亘卮賴貙 丕賵賳丕蹖蹖 讴賴 夭賳丿賴 賲賵賳丿賳 賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 禺蹖賱蹖 賵囟毓蹖鬲 賲賳丕爻亘蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賳. 噩賱賵鬲乇 丕卮丕乇賴 賲蹖鈥屫促� 讴賴 賴乇 卮賴乇蹖 讴賴 賳丕亘賵丿 賲蹖鈥屫促� 亘毓丿 丕夭 賲丿鬲蹖 亘賴 賯丨胤蹖 賲蹖鈥屫堌辟�. 丿賱丕賵乇 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池� 倬丕乇趩賴鈥屬囏ж� 賯乇丕乇 賳蹖爻鬲 賵囟毓蹖鬲蹖 乇賵 毓賵囟 讴賳賳貙 丕诏賴 丕賵賳鈥屬囏� 乇賵 亘賴 蹖讴 噩爻丿 亘亘賳丿賴 賮乇賯蹖 賳丿丕乇賴 亘丕 亘爻鬲賳卮 亘賴 夭禺賲蹖鈥屬囏�.
賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 賵丕賯毓丕 趩乇丕 丕蹖賳 賯丿乇 賲乇丿賲 丕夭 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賲鬲賳賮乇賳貙 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 讴賴 賲賳胤賯蹖 亘賵丿賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 丿蹖诏賴 鬲賵蹖 乇賲丕賳 賵 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖鈥屬囏� 乇賵 鬲丨爻蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁�. 賲賳胤賯蹖 亘賵丿賳 鬲賵蹖 蹖讴 夭賳丿诏蹖 卮賴乇蹖 丌爻賵賳賴貙 丕賲丕 丕蹖賳讴賴 夭蹖乇 丕蹖賳 賴賲賴 賮卮丕乇 蹖讴 賳賮乇 讴賳鬲乇賱卮 乇賵 丕夭 丿爻鬲 賳丿賴 賵 丕丨爻丕爻丕鬲卮 乇賵 爻乇讴賵亘 讴賳賴 (趩蹖夭蹖 讴賴 亘賴 賵囟賵丨 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃屬�) 禺蹖賱蹖 爻禺鬲賴 賵 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丕賳爻丕賳 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿蹖賴.
亘賴 噩夭 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇貙 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 鬲賳賴丕 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖賴 讴賴 鬲賵蹖 讴賱 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 賴爻鬲. 丿禺鬲乇賽 賱丕賱賽 丿賱丕賵乇 讴賴... 賲賳 乇賵 亘賴賲 乇蹖禺鬲. 噩夭卅蹖丕鬲 丕蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲貙 夭賳丿诏蹖 賵 賲乇诏卮 賯乇丕乇賴 鬲丕 爻丕賱鈥屬囏� 鬲賵蹖 匕賴賳賽 賲賳 亘賲賵賳賴. 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 丨鬲蹖 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池� 丨乇賮 亘夭賳賴 賵 讴丕乇蹖 亘讴賳賴貙 禺賵丿卮 丨爻 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 丕囟丕賮賴鈥屫�. 丕夭 丕賵賳 爻賲鬲 賴賲蹖卮賴 丌乇夭賵 丿丕卮鬲 蹖讴 夭賳丿诏蹖 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賴貙 讴爻蹖 讴賴 亘賴卮 賲丨亘鬲 讴賳賴. 氐丨賳賴鈥屰� 賳賴賲 乇賵 亘禺賵賳蹖賳貙 丿乇丿賳丕讴賴. 丿賱丕賵乇 鬲賵蹖 蹖讴 丿蹖丕賱賵诏卮 爻賴鈥屫� 賲爻卅賱賴鈥屰� 賲賴賲 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屭�. 丕蹖賳噩丕 丿賯蹖賯丕 賲鬲賳 乇賵 賲蹖丕乇賲:
芦... 趩賴 禺賵丕亘鈥屬囏й� 賵丨卮鬲賳丕讴蹖 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀�! 卮亘鈥屬囏й� 氐丿丕蹖 賳丕賱賴鈥屫ж� 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫促嗁堎呚� 賲禺氐賵氐丕 亘毓丿 丕夭 賴乇 夭丿 賵 禺賵乇丿蹖. 賳賲蹖鈥屫з嗁� 趩賴 趩蹖夭賴丕蹖蹖 亘賴 禺賵丕亘 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀�. 亘乇丕蹖 蹖讴 匕乇賴 賲丨亘鬲 賲蹖鈥屬呟屫必�. 賴賲蹖賳 鬲丕夭诏蹖 亘丕夭 賴賲 蹖讴 噩賵噩賴 鬲蹖睾蹖 卮賱 賵 倬賱 鬲賵蹖 丕爻亘丕亘鈥屬囏й屫� 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賲.禄
賴賲蹖賳 亘禺卮 丿蹖卮亘 丕蹖賳賯丿乇蹖 毓氐亘蹖賲 讴乇丿 讴賴 賳賲蹖鈥屫堎嗀池� 乇丕丨鬲 亘禺賵丕亘賲. 丕蹖讴丕卮 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 蹖讴 卮禺氐蹖鬲 禺丕賱蹖 賵 爻丕禺鬲賴鈥屰� 匕賴賳 亘乇卮鬲 亘賵丿. 丕賲丕 賲蹖鈥屫堎嗁� 鬲賵蹖 賴賲蹖賳 卮賴乇賽 賲賳貙 鬲賵蹖 卮毓丕毓賽 賳賴丕蹖鬲丕 20 讴蹖賱賵賲鬲乇蹖賲 鬲毓丿丕丿 賯丕亘賱 鬲賵噩賴蹖 賴爻鬲賳 讴賴 賵囟毓蹖鬲賽 賲卮丕亘賴 亘丕 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 丿丕乇賳. 讴爻丕蹖蹖 讴賴 夭賳丿诏蹖卮賵賳 亘丕亘鬲 鬲氐賲蹖賲丕鬲 丕卮鬲亘丕賴 亘賯蹖賴 亘乇丕蹖 賲乇丿賲 禺乇丕亘 卮丿賴.
讴賲鬲乇 賲乇诏蹖 亘賴 丕賳丿丕夭賴 蹖 賲乇诏 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 賲賳 乇賵 亘賴賲 乇蹖禺鬲 賵 賳丕乇丕丨鬲 讴乇丿. 丨鬲蹖 賳賵卮鬲賳 丕蹖賳 趩賳丿 禺胤 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 亘賴 丕賳丿丕夭賴鈥屰� 賳賵卮鬲賳 亘賯蹖賴鈥屰� 乇蹖賵蹖賵 丕夭賲 賵賯鬲 诏乇賮鬲貙 亘丕乇賴丕 賲噩亘賵乇 卮丿賲 丕夭 賳賵卮鬲賳 丿爻鬲 亘讴卮賲 鬲丕 亘鬲賵賳賲 禺賵丿賲賵 丌乇賵賲 讴賳賲.
禺蹖賱蹖 丿賱賲 賲蹖鈥屫堌ж� 亘蹖卮鬲乇 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 亘賳賵蹖爻賲貙 賲禺氐賵氐丕 乇賮鬲丕乇賴丕蹖 丿賱丕賵乇 亘賴 賳爻亘鬲 卮乇丕蹖胤 賵 卮禺氐蹖鬲鈥屬囏й� 丿蹖诏賴. 鬲賵蹖 丕蹖賳 乇蹖賵蹖賵蹖 丕夭 賳賲丕丿诏乇丕蹖蹖 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 氐丨亘鬲 賳讴乇丿賲 趩賵賳 禺蹖賱蹖 鬲丕 丨丕賱丕 賯亘賱 丕夭 賲賳 爻乇丕睾 丕蹖賳 賲賵囟賵毓 乇賮鬲賳貙 蹖讴賲 鬲讴乇丕乇蹖 亘賵丿.
April 8, 2020
讴鬲丕亘賴丕蹖 亘乇卮鬲 丿乇讴鬲丕亘禺丕賳賴 禺賵丕賴乇 亘夭乇诏鬲乇亘賵丿 賵賲賳 亘爻蹖丕乇賳賵噩賵丕賳 亘賵丿賲 讴賴 禺賵丕賳丿賲 . 丕夭亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭丌賳賴丕 丿乇丕亘鬲丿丕 丿乇讴 丿賯蹖賯蹖 賳丿丕卮鬲賲 賵亘毓丿賴丕 丿賵亘丕乇賴 禺賵丕賳丿賲卮丕賳.
December 28, 2021
鈥� 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 賲丕 乇丕 丕夭 趩賳丿蹖賳 爻丕賱 鬲毓賲賯 賲毓丕賮 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲 .
丿乇 蹖讴 噩丕賲毓賴鈥屰� 亘丿貙 趩诏賵賳賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 禺賵亘 亘賵丿 賵 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 丌亘 亘賴 丌爻蹖丕亘 賳丕賲乇丿賲丕賳 賳乇蹖禺鬲責
丕蹖賳 倬乇爻卮 鬲賯乇蹖亘丕 丿乇 賴賲賴鈥屰� 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖鈥屬囏й� 亘乇卮鬲 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�.丿乇 丕禺賱丕賯 亘乇卮鬲 賴蹖趩鈥屭嗃屫� 噩夭賲蹖鈥屫й� 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕乇丿:丕禺賱丕賯 丕賵 睾丕賱亘丕 亘賴 卮丿鬲 倬乇爻卮鈥屭必з嗁� 丕爻鬲.
丌孬丕乇 亘乇卮鬲 丿乇 乇賵夭诏丕乇 賲丕貙亘丕 賳賵乇 丕賮卮丕賳蹖鈥屫й� 亘蹖鈥屬囐呚� 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳賴鈥屰� 丿賵 讴賵蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屫必促嗀�: 讴賵蹖乇 鬲卅丕鬲乇 賵 讴賵蹖乇 賴賳乇 丕賳賯賱丕亘蹖鈥�
賴乇讴爻 亘禺賵丕賴丿 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 鬲卅丕鬲乇 賵 丕賳賯賱丕亘 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 讴賳丿貙賳丕趩丕乇 爻乇 丕夭 亘乇卮鬲 丿乇 禺賵丕賴丿 丌賵乇丿.
丕賲丕 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇:
賲禺丕胤亘丕賳 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 讴爻丕賳蹖 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 亘賴 卮讴賱 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 蹖丕 睾蹖乇 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲貙丿乇 噩賳诏鈥屬囏� 孬乇賵鬲 賲蹖鈥屫з嗀堌操嗀� 賳賴貙 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 乇賵蹖 爻禺賳 亘丕 讴爻丕賳蹖 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 丕夭 噩賳诏 乇賳噩 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ辟嗀� 賵 丕夭 丌賳 賴蹖趩 爻賵丿蹖 賳賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ辟嗀�.丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 毓馗賲鬲 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖: 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丕孬乇蹖 丕爻鬲 鬲賲丕賲 賵 讴賲丕賱 賲乇丿賲蹖貙夭蹖乇丕 賮賴賲 賳蹖鬲 跇乇賮鈥屫ж� 鬲賳賴丕 丕夭 賲乇丿賲 爻丕禺鬲賴 丕爻鬲.丕夭 鬲讴乇丕乇 丕蹖賳 丨賯蹖賯鬲 賳亘丕蹖丿 禺爻鬲賴 卮賵蹖賲:卮賳丕禺鬲 亘乇卮鬲貙丿乇 賯蹖丕爻 亘丕 卮賳丕禺鬲 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 蹖丕 诏賵诏賵賱貙丕賴賲蹖鬲蹖 丿蹖诏乇诏賵賳 丿丕乇丿:夭蹖乇丕 亘乇卮鬲 鬲卅丕鬲乇 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 賲丕貙丿賯蹖賯丕 亘乇丕蹖 賲丕貙賳賵卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 賵 賳賴 亘乇丕蹖 丕亘丿蹖鬲 .
賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 亘賴 蹖丕乇蹖 讴爻丕賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 讴賴 貙賴賲趩賵賳 賯賴乇賲丕賳貙噩賳诏 乇丕 賲賯丿乇 賵 禺賵丿 乇丕 賳丕诏夭蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屬举嗀ж辟嗀�: 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 讴賴 噩賳诏貙丕夭 丌賳噩丕 讴賴 乇賵蹖丿丕丿蹖 亘卮乇蹖 丕爻鬲貙賴蹖趩 丕乇鬲亘丕胤蹖 亘丕 賯囟丕 賵 賯丿乇 賳丿丕乇丿 賵 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 亘丕 鬲丕禺鬲賳 亘乇 毓賱賱 爻賵丿丕诏乇丕賳賴鈥屰� 噩賳诏貙 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 倬蹖鈥屫①呚囏й� 賳馗丕賲蹖 丌賳 乇丕 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 亘乇丿.丕賳丿蹖卮賴 丕蹖賳鈥屫ж池�.
亘乇卮鬲 噩賳诏 爻蹖鈥屫池з勝� 乇丕 亘丕 鬲賲丕賲 賵爻毓鬲鈥屫ж� 倬蹖卮 趩卮賲鈥屬呚� 賲蹖鈥屭池必з嗀涁� 丕蹖賳 丿蹖乇賳丿賽 亘蹖 乇丨賲貙賴賲賴 趩蹖夭 夭賵丕賱 賲蹖鈥屰屫жㄘ�(丕卮蹖丕貙趩賴乇賴鈥屬囏ж屫官堌ж焚�) 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭 鬲亘丕賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�(賮乇夭賳丿丕賳 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 蹖讴蹖 倬爻 丕夭 丿蹖诏乇蹖 讴卮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀�) 貨 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇賽 禺賵丕乇亘丕乇 賮乇賵卮貙讴賴 鬲噩丕乇鬲 賵 夭賳丿诏蹖鈥屫ж� 孬賲乇丕鬲 賮賯蹖乇 噩賳诏鈥屫з嗀屭嗁嗀з� 丿乇 噩賳诏 賮乇賵 乇賮鬲賴 讴賴 丕賳诏丕乇 丌賳 乇丕 賳賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀�(賲诏乇 卮丕蹖丿 讴賵乇爻賵蹖蹖 丕夭 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 亘禺卮 賳禺爻鬲) : 丕賵 讴賵乇 丕爻鬲貙鬲賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 亘蹖鈥屭┵� 亘賮賴賲丿貨 亘乇丕蹖 丕賵 噩賳诏 賯囟丕 賵 賯丿乇蹖 丕爻鬲 亘蹖 趩賵賳 賵 趩乇丕.
亘乇丕蹖 丕賵貙丕賲丕 賳賴 丿蹖诏乇 亘乇丕蹖 賲丕.夭蹖乇丕 賲丕 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇賽 讴賵乇 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃屬呚� 趩蹖夭蹖 乇丕 讴賴 丕賵 賳賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀屬呟屸€屫ㄛ屬嗃屬�.賲丕 賲蹖鈥屬佡囐呟屬� 讴賴 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 趩蹖夭蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 禺賵丿 賳賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀�.鬲賲丕卮丕诏乇 賲蹖鈥屬佡囐呚� 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 爻蹖鈥屫池з勝� 丕賵 毓蹖賳丕 亘賴 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賲蹖鈥屬呚з嗀�: 乇賳噩 賲蹖鈥屭┴簇� 賵 丕亘賱賴丕賳賴 丕夭 鬲賵丕賳 禺賵蹖卮 亘乇丕蹖 倬丕蹖丕賳 丿丕丿賳 亘賴 賮賱丕讴鬲鈥屫ж� 睾丕賮賱 丕爻鬲.賳賲丕蹖卮 倬乇丿丕夭蹖 亘乇卮鬲 蹖讴爻乇賴 亘乇 囟乇賵乇鬲 賮丕氐賱賴 亘賳丕 诏卮鬲賴 賵 亘禺卮 亘賳蹖丕丿蹖 鬲卅丕鬲乇 丕賵 丿乇 倬蹖 鬲丨賯蹖賯 丕蹖賳 賮丕氐賱賴 丕爻鬲:鈥�
丕蹖賳讴 賲蹖鈥屬佡囐呟屬� 讴賴 趩乇丕 賳賲丕蹖卮鈥屬矩必ж槽屸€屬囏й� 爻賳鬲蹖鈥屬呚� 丕夭 亘蹖禺 賵 亘賳 睾賱胤鈥屫з嗀�: 丌賳賴丕 丿爻鬲 賵 倬丕蹖 鬲賲丕卮丕诏乇 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄙ嗀嗀�:賳賲丕蹖卮鈥屬矩必ж槽屸€屬囏й屰� 賲亘鬲賳蹖 亘乇 讴賳丕乇賴 诏蹖乇蹖鈥屫з嗀�.丕蹖賳 賲乇丿(亘乇卮鬲) 亘丕 鬲丨賯蹖乇 鬲賲丕賲蹖 爻賳鬲鈥屬囏� 亘賴 賲丕 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 讴賴 鬲賳賴丕 賳蹖賲蹖 丕夭 賵噩賵丿 鬲賲丕卮丕诏乇 亘丕蹖丿 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮 丿乇诏蹖乇 卮賵丿 鬲丕 丕賵 亘鬲賵丕賳丿貙亘賴 噩丕蹖 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賳 丕賲乇 亘賴 賳賲丕蹖卮 丿乇 丌賲丿賴貙丌賳 乇丕 亘卮賳丕爻丿.鬲賲丕卮诏乇 賴蹖趩诏丕賴 賳亘丕蹖丿 亘賴 胤賵乇 讴丕賲賱 亘丕 賯賴乇賲丕賳 賴賲匕丕鬲鈥屬举嗀ж臂� 讴賳丿 賵诏乇賳賴 賳禺賵丕賴丿 鬲賵丕賳爻鬲 丌夭丕丿丕賳賴 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 丿乇丿賴丕蹖 禺賵蹖卮 賵 爻倬爻 丿丕乇賵蹖 丌賳賴丕 丿丕賵乇蹖 讴賳丿.
賳賲丕蹖卮 倬乇丿丕夭蹖 亘乇卮鬲 亘賴 賲丕賲丕蹖蹖 爻賯乇丕胤 賲蹖鈥屬呚з嗀�: 亘丕夭 賲蹖鈥屬嗁呚й屫� 賵 亘賴 賯囟丕賵鬲 賵丕 賲蹖鈥屫ж必�
亘乇 丌卮賵亘賳丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 賲賳賮乇丿 讴賳賳丿賴.賳蹖鬲 賲囟丕毓賮 鬲卅丕鬲乇 亘乇卮鬲: 亘蹖丿丕乇讴乇丿賳 賵 鬲睾匕蹖賴鈥屰� 丌诏丕賴蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 鬲賲丕卮丕诏乇.
丕夭 蹖讴 賳讴鬲賴 賳亘丕蹖丿 睾賮賱鬲 讴乇丿: 丿诏乇诏賵賳蹖 賲丕 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丿诏乇诏賵賳蹖鈥屫й� 亘蹖鈥屬囐呚� 丕爻鬲: 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 亘乇卮鬲貙賴賲趩賵賳 賴乇 丕孬乇 亘夭乇诏 丿蹖诏乇貙賳賯丿蹖 乇蹖卮賴鈥屫й� 丕夭 丌賮鬲蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 倬蹖卮 丕夭 丕賵 賵噩賵丿 丿丕卮鬲賴:倬爻 賲丕 亘賴 賴乇 丨丕賱 毓賲蹖賯丕 丕夭 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丿乇爻 賲蹖鈥屭屫臂屬�: 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 賲丕 乇丕 丕夭 趩賳丿 爻丕賱 鬲毓賲賯 賲毓丕賮 讴乇丿賴 亘丕卮丿.
爻禺賳 亘乇卮鬲 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲: 丿乇賲丕賳 丿乇丿賴丕蹖 丕賳爻丕賳鈥屬囏� 丿乇 丿爻鬲丕賳 禺賵丿 丌賳賴丕爻鬲:倬爻 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 丿賳蹖丕 乇丕 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 丿丕丿:賴賳乇 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 賵 亘丕蹖丿 丿乇 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賲丿丕禺賱賴 讴賳丿貨
丿蹖丕賱賵诏 賲賵乇丿 毓賱丕賯賲 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 :
鈥� -賳诏丕賴 讴賳貙丿丕乇賳丿 賲丕乇卮丕賱 乇丕 丿乇 诏賵乇 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж辟嗀�.丕蹖賳 賱丨馗賴鈥屫й� 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 丕爻鬲.
+ 丌賳鈥屬囏� 氐賵乇鬲 丿禺鬲乇 賲乇丕 夭禺賲蹖 讴乇丿賴鈥屫з嗀�.亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 鬲賳賴丕 賱丨馗賴鈥屰� 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賴賲蹖賳 丕爻鬲.
芦賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇禄
鈥� 賳賯丿鈥屬囏� 賵 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屬囏� 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 鬲卅丕鬲乇/ 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲/ 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屰� 丿讴鬲乇 賲丕夭蹖丕乇 賲賴蹖賲賳蹖/ 賳卮乇 賯胤乇賴
丿乇 蹖讴 噩丕賲毓賴鈥屰� 亘丿貙 趩诏賵賳賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 禺賵亘 亘賵丿 賵 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 丌亘 亘賴 丌爻蹖丕亘 賳丕賲乇丿賲丕賳 賳乇蹖禺鬲責
丕蹖賳 倬乇爻卮 鬲賯乇蹖亘丕 丿乇 賴賲賴鈥屰� 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖鈥屬囏й� 亘乇卮鬲 賲胤乇丨 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�.丿乇 丕禺賱丕賯 亘乇卮鬲 賴蹖趩鈥屭嗃屫� 噩夭賲蹖鈥屫й� 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕乇丿:丕禺賱丕賯 丕賵 睾丕賱亘丕 亘賴 卮丿鬲 倬乇爻卮鈥屭必з嗁� 丕爻鬲.
丌孬丕乇 亘乇卮鬲 丿乇 乇賵夭诏丕乇 賲丕貙亘丕 賳賵乇 丕賮卮丕賳蹖鈥屫й� 亘蹖鈥屬囐呚� 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳賴鈥屰� 丿賵 讴賵蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屫必促嗀�: 讴賵蹖乇 鬲卅丕鬲乇 賵 讴賵蹖乇 賴賳乇 丕賳賯賱丕亘蹖鈥�
賴乇讴爻 亘禺賵丕賴丿 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 鬲卅丕鬲乇 賵 丕賳賯賱丕亘 丕賳丿蹖卮賴 讴賳丿貙賳丕趩丕乇 爻乇 丕夭 亘乇卮鬲 丿乇 禺賵丕賴丿 丌賵乇丿.
丕賲丕 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇:
賲禺丕胤亘丕賳 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 讴爻丕賳蹖 賳蹖爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 亘賴 卮讴賱 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 蹖丕 睾蹖乇 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲貙丿乇 噩賳诏鈥屬囏� 孬乇賵鬲 賲蹖鈥屫з嗀堌操嗀� 賳賴貙 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 乇賵蹖 爻禺賳 亘丕 讴爻丕賳蹖 丿丕乇丿 讴賴 丕夭 噩賳诏 乇賳噩 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ辟嗀� 賵 丕夭 丌賳 賴蹖趩 爻賵丿蹖 賳賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ辟嗀�.丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 丿賱蹖賱 毓馗賲鬲 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖: 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丕孬乇蹖 丕爻鬲 鬲賲丕賲 賵 讴賲丕賱 賲乇丿賲蹖貙夭蹖乇丕 賮賴賲 賳蹖鬲 跇乇賮鈥屫ж� 鬲賳賴丕 丕夭 賲乇丿賲 爻丕禺鬲賴 丕爻鬲.丕夭 鬲讴乇丕乇 丕蹖賳 丨賯蹖賯鬲 賳亘丕蹖丿 禺爻鬲賴 卮賵蹖賲:卮賳丕禺鬲 亘乇卮鬲貙丿乇 賯蹖丕爻 亘丕 卮賳丕禺鬲 卮讴爻倬蹖乇 蹖丕 诏賵诏賵賱貙丕賴賲蹖鬲蹖 丿蹖诏乇诏賵賳 丿丕乇丿:夭蹖乇丕 亘乇卮鬲 鬲卅丕鬲乇 禺賵丿 乇丕 亘乇丕蹖 賲丕貙丿賯蹖賯丕 亘乇丕蹖 賲丕貙賳賵卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲 賵 賳賴 亘乇丕蹖 丕亘丿蹖鬲 .
賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 亘賴 蹖丕乇蹖 讴爻丕賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 讴賴 貙賴賲趩賵賳 賯賴乇賲丕賳貙噩賳诏 乇丕 賲賯丿乇 賵 禺賵丿 乇丕 賳丕诏夭蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屬举嗀ж辟嗀�: 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賳卮丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 讴賴 噩賳诏貙丕夭 丌賳噩丕 讴賴 乇賵蹖丿丕丿蹖 亘卮乇蹖 丕爻鬲貙賴蹖趩 丕乇鬲亘丕胤蹖 亘丕 賯囟丕 賵 賯丿乇 賳丿丕乇丿 賵 亘賳丕亘乇丕蹖賳 亘丕 鬲丕禺鬲賳 亘乇 毓賱賱 爻賵丿丕诏乇丕賳賴鈥屰� 噩賳诏貙 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 倬蹖鈥屫①呚囏й� 賳馗丕賲蹖 丌賳 乇丕 丕夭 賲蹖丕賳 亘乇丿.丕賳丿蹖卮賴 丕蹖賳鈥屫ж池�.
亘乇卮鬲 噩賳诏 爻蹖鈥屫池з勝� 乇丕 亘丕 鬲賲丕賲 賵爻毓鬲鈥屫ж� 倬蹖卮 趩卮賲鈥屬呚� 賲蹖鈥屭池必з嗀涁� 丕蹖賳 丿蹖乇賳丿賽 亘蹖 乇丨賲貙賴賲賴 趩蹖夭 夭賵丕賱 賲蹖鈥屰屫жㄘ�(丕卮蹖丕貙趩賴乇賴鈥屬囏ж屫官堌ж焚�) 賴賲賴 趩蹖夭 鬲亘丕賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�(賮乇夭賳丿丕賳 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 蹖讴蹖 倬爻 丕夭 丿蹖诏乇蹖 讴卮鬲賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堎嗀�) 貨 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇賽 禺賵丕乇亘丕乇 賮乇賵卮貙讴賴 鬲噩丕乇鬲 賵 夭賳丿诏蹖鈥屫ж� 孬賲乇丕鬲 賮賯蹖乇 噩賳诏鈥屫з嗀屭嗁嗀з� 丿乇 噩賳诏 賮乇賵 乇賮鬲賴 讴賴 丕賳诏丕乇 丌賳 乇丕 賳賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀�(賲诏乇 卮丕蹖丿 讴賵乇爻賵蹖蹖 丕夭 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇 倬丕蹖丕賳 亘禺卮 賳禺爻鬲) : 丕賵 讴賵乇 丕爻鬲貙鬲賳 賲蹖鈥屫囏� 亘蹖鈥屭┵� 亘賮賴賲丿貨 亘乇丕蹖 丕賵 噩賳诏 賯囟丕 賵 賯丿乇蹖 丕爻鬲 亘蹖 趩賵賳 賵 趩乇丕.
亘乇丕蹖 丕賵貙丕賲丕 賳賴 丿蹖诏乇 亘乇丕蹖 賲丕.夭蹖乇丕 賲丕 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇賽 讴賵乇 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃屬呚� 趩蹖夭蹖 乇丕 讴賴 丕賵 賳賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀屬呟屸€屫ㄛ屬嗃屬�.賲丕 賲蹖鈥屬佡囐呟屬� 讴賴 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賯乇亘丕賳蹖 趩蹖夭蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 禺賵丿 賳賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗀�.鬲賲丕卮丕诏乇 賲蹖鈥屬佡囐呚� 讴賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 爻蹖鈥屫池з勝� 丕賵 毓蹖賳丕 亘賴 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賲蹖鈥屬呚з嗀�: 乇賳噩 賲蹖鈥屭┴簇� 賵 丕亘賱賴丕賳賴 丕夭 鬲賵丕賳 禺賵蹖卮 亘乇丕蹖 倬丕蹖丕賳 丿丕丿賳 亘賴 賮賱丕讴鬲鈥屫ж� 睾丕賮賱 丕爻鬲.賳賲丕蹖卮 倬乇丿丕夭蹖 亘乇卮鬲 蹖讴爻乇賴 亘乇 囟乇賵乇鬲 賮丕氐賱賴 亘賳丕 诏卮鬲賴 賵 亘禺卮 亘賳蹖丕丿蹖 鬲卅丕鬲乇 丕賵 丿乇 倬蹖 鬲丨賯蹖賯 丕蹖賳 賮丕氐賱賴 丕爻鬲:鈥�
丕蹖賳讴 賲蹖鈥屬佡囐呟屬� 讴賴 趩乇丕 賳賲丕蹖卮鈥屬矩必ж槽屸€屬囏й� 爻賳鬲蹖鈥屬呚� 丕夭 亘蹖禺 賵 亘賳 睾賱胤鈥屫з嗀�: 丌賳賴丕 丿爻鬲 賵 倬丕蹖 鬲賲丕卮丕诏乇 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屫ㄙ嗀嗀�:賳賲丕蹖卮鈥屬矩必ж槽屸€屬囏й屰� 賲亘鬲賳蹖 亘乇 讴賳丕乇賴 诏蹖乇蹖鈥屫з嗀�.丕蹖賳 賲乇丿(亘乇卮鬲) 亘丕 鬲丨賯蹖乇 鬲賲丕賲蹖 爻賳鬲鈥屬囏� 亘賴 賲丕 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 讴賴 鬲賳賴丕 賳蹖賲蹖 丕夭 賵噩賵丿 鬲賲丕卮丕诏乇 亘丕蹖丿 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮 丿乇诏蹖乇 卮賵丿 鬲丕 丕賵 亘鬲賵丕賳丿貙亘賴 噩丕蹖 倬匕蹖乇賮鬲賳 丕賲乇 亘賴 賳賲丕蹖卮 丿乇 丌賲丿賴貙丌賳 乇丕 亘卮賳丕爻丿.鬲賲丕卮诏乇 賴蹖趩诏丕賴 賳亘丕蹖丿 亘賴 胤賵乇 讴丕賲賱 亘丕 賯賴乇賲丕賳 賴賲匕丕鬲鈥屬举嗀ж臂� 讴賳丿 賵诏乇賳賴 賳禺賵丕賴丿 鬲賵丕賳爻鬲 丌夭丕丿丕賳賴 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 丿乇丿賴丕蹖 禺賵蹖卮 賵 爻倬爻 丿丕乇賵蹖 丌賳賴丕 丿丕賵乇蹖 讴賳丿.
賳賲丕蹖卮 倬乇丿丕夭蹖 亘乇卮鬲 亘賴 賲丕賲丕蹖蹖 爻賯乇丕胤 賲蹖鈥屬呚з嗀�: 亘丕夭 賲蹖鈥屬嗁呚й屫� 賵 亘賴 賯囟丕賵鬲 賵丕 賲蹖鈥屫ж必�
亘乇 丌卮賵亘賳丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 賲賳賮乇丿 讴賳賳丿賴.賳蹖鬲 賲囟丕毓賮 鬲卅丕鬲乇 亘乇卮鬲: 亘蹖丿丕乇讴乇丿賳 賵 鬲睾匕蹖賴鈥屰� 丌诏丕賴蹖 爻蹖丕爻蹖 鬲賲丕卮丕诏乇.
丕夭 蹖讴 賳讴鬲賴 賳亘丕蹖丿 睾賮賱鬲 讴乇丿: 丿诏乇诏賵賳蹖 賲丕 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丿诏乇诏賵賳蹖鈥屫й� 亘蹖鈥屬囐呚� 丕爻鬲: 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 亘乇卮鬲貙賴賲趩賵賳 賴乇 丕孬乇 亘夭乇诏 丿蹖诏乇貙賳賯丿蹖 乇蹖卮賴鈥屫й� 丕夭 丌賮鬲蹖 丕爻鬲 讴賴 倬蹖卮 丕夭 丕賵 賵噩賵丿 丿丕卮鬲賴:倬爻 賲丕 亘賴 賴乇 丨丕賱 毓賲蹖賯丕 丕夭 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 丿乇爻 賲蹖鈥屭屫臂屬�: 卮丕蹖丿 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮 賲丕 乇丕 丕夭 趩賳丿 爻丕賱 鬲毓賲賯 賲毓丕賮 讴乇丿賴 亘丕卮丿.
爻禺賳 亘乇卮鬲 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲: 丿乇賲丕賳 丿乇丿賴丕蹖 丕賳爻丕賳鈥屬囏� 丿乇 丿爻鬲丕賳 禺賵丿 丌賳賴丕爻鬲:倬爻 賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 丿賳蹖丕 乇丕 鬲睾蹖蹖乇 丿丕丿:賴賳乇 賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗀� 賵 亘丕蹖丿 丿乇 鬲丕乇蹖禺 賲丿丕禺賱賴 讴賳丿貨
丿蹖丕賱賵诏 賲賵乇丿 毓賱丕賯賲 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 :
鈥� -賳诏丕賴 讴賳貙丿丕乇賳丿 賲丕乇卮丕賱 乇丕 丿乇 诏賵乇 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж辟嗀�.丕蹖賳 賱丨馗賴鈥屫й� 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 丕爻鬲.
+ 丌賳鈥屬囏� 氐賵乇鬲 丿禺鬲乇 賲乇丕 夭禺賲蹖 讴乇丿賴鈥屫з嗀�.亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 鬲賳賴丕 賱丨馗賴鈥屰� 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 賴賲蹖賳 丕爻鬲.
芦賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇禄
鈥� 賳賯丿鈥屬囏� 賵 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屬囏� 丿乇亘丕乇賴鈥屰� 鬲卅丕鬲乇/ 乇賵賱丕賳 亘丕乇鬲/ 鬲乇噩賲賴鈥屰� 丿讴鬲乇 賲丕夭蹖丕乇 賲賴蹖賲賳蹖/ 賳卮乇 賯胤乇賴
November 3, 2022
丿賵爻鬲蹖 丿丕乇賲 讴賴 亘賴 賵賯鬲 亘丨孬 诏丕賴蹖 亘賴 賲賳 賲蹖诏賴 鬲賳亘賱蹖 賳讴賳 亘丿蹖賳 賲毓賳丕 讴賴 乇丕賴 爻丕丿賴鈥屫池ж槽� 卮丿賴 賵 鬲賵囟蹖丨 爻乇乇丕爻鬲 賲毓賲賵賱丕賸 亘賴 爻賲鬲 丨賯蹖賯鬲 乇賴賳賲賵賳 賳賲蹖卮賳. 丕夭 賯囟丕 丿賵爻鬲 賲賳 诏乇丕蹖卮鈥屬囏й� 趩倬 丿丕乇賴 賵 亘蹖卮鬲乇 賵賯鬲蹖 賲賳 乇賵 睾蹖乇賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 亘賴 鬲賳亘賱蹖 賲鬲賴賲 賲蹖讴賳賴 讴賴 亘丕 趩賳鬲丕 賮讴鬲 鬲丕乇蹖禺蹖 丕夭 卮乇賯 賵 睾乇亘 賳爻禺賴鈥屰� 趩倬鈥屬囏� 乇賵 丿乇 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屬聚屭嗁�. 卮丕蹖丿 賴賲 乇丕爻鬲 賲蹖诏賴 賵 賲賳 鬲乇讴蹖亘蹖 丕夭 賱噩亘丕夭蹖 賵 鬲賳亘賱蹖 賲蹖卮賲 诏丕賴鈥屭з�. 亘賴 賴乇 丨丕賱 爻丐丕賱鈥屬囏� 亘夭乇诏賳 賵 賲爻蹖乇 倬丕爻禺 毓賱賲蹖 丕賵賳 爻乇 讴賵賴 賯丕賮.
丕夭 賯囟丕 亘乇卮鬲 讴賴 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖鈥屰� 丿蹖诏乇蹖 丕夭卮 乇賵 鬲丕夭賴 亘賴 倬丕蹖丕賳 亘乇丿賲 亘賴 賵囟賵丨 趩倬 賲丨爻賵亘 賲蹖卮賴. 趩倬蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丕賵賱 亘丕乇蹖 讴賴 卮乇賵毓 亘賴 禺賵賳丿賳 丕夭卮 讴乇丿賲 卮蹖賮鬲賴鈥屰� 倬蹖丕賲鈥屬囏й� 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿 賵 乇賵卮鈥屬囏й� 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 倬蹖丕賲 爻丕丿賴 賵 亘蹖鈥屬聚屫必й屫� 卮丿賲. 賳賴 丕蹖賳讴賴 丕夭 氐賳丕蹖毓 丕丿亘蹖 亘蹖鈥屫ㄙ囏辟� 亘丕卮賴 賵賱蹖 丕夭 鬲讴賱賮 亘賴 丿賵乇賴. 丕鬲賮丕賯丕 亘乇卮鬲 賲孬賱 賲賳 鬲賳亘賱蹖 賲蹖讴賳賴. 丕夭 賴賲賵賳 丕賵賱 鬲讴賱蹖賮 乇賵 乇賵卮賳 賲蹖讴賳賴. 丕蹖丿賴鈥屫①勠屫池屬� 讴賴 亘丕 丿賳蹖丕蹖 睾蹖乇丕蹖丿賴鈥屫①� 賲賵噩賵丿 賴蹖趩鈥屫堌� 爻乇 爻丕夭卮 賳丿丕乇賴.
亘乇卮鬲 亘丕 鬲蹖睾 亘乇丕賳卮 禺胤蹖 乇賵卮賳 亘蹖賳 鬲丕乇蹖讴蹖 賵 賳賵乇 賲蹖讴卮賴. 亘乇丕蹖 丕賵賳 禺丕讴爻鬲乇蹖鈥屬囏� 丕讴孬乇丕賸 禺賵丕爻鬲賴 蹖丕 賳丕禺賵丕爻鬲賴 丿乇 爻賲鬲 丕乇鬲卮 鬲丕乇蹖讴蹖 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭屫辟�. 丕诏乇 丨鬲蹖 亘禺賵乇 賵 賳賲蹖乇蹖 丕夭 賯賽亘賻賱 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 倬賱蹖丿蹖 亘賴 丿爻鬲 賲蹖丕乇蹖 賵 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 賮讴乇 賲蹖讴賳蹖 讴賴 賮囟蹖賱鬲鈥屬囏й� 賮乇丿蹖鬲 乇賵 丨賮馗 讴乇丿蹖 亘丕蹖丿 賮囟蹖賱鬲鈥屬囏ж� 乇賵 亘賴 丿乇 讴賵夭賴 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 亘丿蹖.
爻禺鬲 賲蹖卮賴 丕乇夭卮鈥屬囏й� 亘乇卮鬲 乇賵 亘賴 亘賵鬲賴鈥屰� 丌夭賲丕蹖卮 诏匕丕卮鬲. 亘賴 賵蹖跇賴 賵賯鬲蹖 丌乇丕賲卮蹖 爻胤丨蹖 賵 倬賵爻蹖丿賴 丿賱賽 倬乇 胤睾蹖丕賳 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 乇賵 倬賵卮賵賳丿賴. 丕賲丕 賵賯鬲蹖 賯賱蹖丕賳 丌賴鈥屬囏� 賵 賮乇蹖丕丿賴丕蹖 丿乇 诏賱賵 禺賮賴鈥屫簇� 丕夭 賲賳賮匕蹖 亘賴 爻胤丨 賲蹖乇爻賴 丕賵賳 賵賯鬲 丿乇 鬲賯丕亘賱 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 賵 亘蹖鈥屬矩必団€屰� 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 丕賴賵乇丕蹖蹖 賵 丕賴乇蹖賲賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃屬� 讴賴 亘乇卮鬲 爻禺賳蹖 亘賴 诏夭丕賮 亘乇 夭亘丕賳 賳乇丕賳丿賴. 賵 丕賲乇賵夭 賲丕 丕蹖賳 乇賵 丕夭 賴賲蹖卮賴 亘賴鬲乇 亘丕 诏賵卮鬲 賵 倬賵爻鬲 賵 丕爻鬲禺賵賳 丿乇讴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃屬�.
賳賳賴鈥屫勜з堌� 倬蹖乇夭賳蹖 丕爻鬲 亘丕 賮囟蹖賱鬲鈥屬囏й� 賯丕亘賱鈥屫堌� 賮乇丿蹖 讴賴 丕夭 胤乇蹖賯 噩賳诏 賳丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫堌必� 賵 丿乇 鬲賱丕卮 丕爻鬲 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 噩賳诏 賵 亘蹖鈥屫关з勜� 丿乇 丕賲丕賳 賳诏賴 丿丕乇丿. 鬲賳丕賯囟蹖 賵丕囟丨 讴賴 丿乇 賲爻蹖乇 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 爻乇 亘丕夭 賲蹖讴賳賴.
倬.賳: 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丿賱丕蹖賱蹖 讴賴 亘賴 賲賳 讴賲讴 讴乇丿賴 乇丕丨鬲 亘賴 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 亘乇卮鬲 丕賲鬲蹖丕夭賴丕蹖 亘丕賱丕 亘丿賲 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏й� 丕睾賱亘 卮诏賮鬲鈥屫з嗂屫槽屬� 丿乇 趩丕倬鈥屬囏й� 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 賳蹖賱賵賮乇 丕夭 亘乇卮鬲 讴賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 賲讴賲賱賽 賲鬲賳 毓賲賱 賲蹖讴賳賳 賵 丨丿丕賯賱 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 丿乇蹖丕賮鬲 丕夭 賲鬲賳 乇賵 毓賲賯 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 賲蹖亘禺卮賳. 丕蹖賳噩丕 賴賲 丕夭 倬爻诏賮鬲丕乇 夭蹖亘丕 賵 賲賵卮讴丕賮丕賳賴鈥屰� 賲氐胤賮蹖 乇丨蹖賲蹖 賳賲蹖卮賴 蹖丕丿 賳讴乇丿.
亘乇蹖丿賴鈥屬囏й屰� 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘
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"爻乇噩賵禺赖:
丕賱讴蹖 賳禺賵丕賴 亘賴 賲賳 賯丕賱亘 亘讴賳蹖. 丨賯鬲 乇丕 讴賮 丿爻鬲鬲 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж辟�. 禺賵亘 賲蹖鈥屫з嗃� 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 賵乇賯賴鈥屰� 毓亘賵乇 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮蹖.
丿賱丕賵乇:
亘丕 賲賳 賲丐丿亘 氐丨亘鬲 讴賳蹖丿. 噩賱賵 乇賵蹖 亘趩賴鈥屬囏з� 讴賴 賴賳賵夭 丕夭 丿賴丕賳卮丕賳 亘賵蹖 卮蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 亘賴 賲賳 賳诏賵蹖蹖丿 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囐� 亘賴 卮賲丕 賯丕賱亘 讴賳賲. 賲賳 亘丕 噩賳丕亘毓丕賱蹖 胤乇賮 賳蹖爻鬲賲. 丿乇 賴賳诏 丿賵賲 賲賳 賮賯胤 蹖讴 賵乇賯賴鈥屰� 毓亘賵乇 丿丕乇賲貙 丌賳 賴賲 賯蹖丕賮賴鈥屰� 賳噩蹖亘 賵 賲毓氐賵賲賲 丕爻鬲. 丨丕賱丕 丕诏乇 卮賲丕 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗃屫� 丕蹖賳 禺胤 乇丕 亘禺賵丕賳蹖丿貙 鬲賯氐蹖乇 賲賳 賳蹖爻鬲. 亘乇丕蹖 禺丕胤乇 卮賲丕 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗁� 賲賴乇 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲賲 亘夭賳賲."
"丌卮倬夭:
賲賳 诏賲丕賳 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 讴賴 賮囟蹖賱鬲 毓賱丕賲鬲 禺賵亘蹖 亘丕卮丿.
丿賱丕賵乇:
賳賴貙 毓賱丕賲鬲 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 蹖讴 倬丕蹖 讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屬勝嗂�. 賵賯鬲蹖 讴賴 賮乇賲丕賳丿賴蹖 诏丕賵 亘丕卮丿 賵 爻乇亘丕夭賴丕蹖卮 乇丕 亘賴 賲賳噩賱丕亘 亘讴卮丕賳丿貙 亘蹖趩丕乇賴 爻乇亘丕夭賴丕 亘丕蹖丿 爻乇 賳鬲乇爻 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賳丿. 丕爻賲 丕蹖賳 賳鬲乇爻蹖 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж辟嗀� 賮囟蹖賱鬲. 賵賯鬲蹖 讴賴 賮乇賲丕賳丿賴 丌丿賲 賳丕禺賳鈥屫蹿┷� 亘丕卮丿 賵 丕夭 禺爻鬲貙 爻乇亘丕夭 讴賲 亘诏蹖乇丿貙 賲毓賱賵賲 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕蹖賳 爻乇亘丕夭賴丕 丕夭 丕賵賱 鬲丕 丌禺乇 亘丕蹖丿 賲孬賱 賳乇賴鈥屫屬� 倬乇夭賵乇 亘丕卮賳丿....賴賲賴鈥屰� 丕蹖賳鈥屬囏� 禺賵亘蹖鈥屬囏й屰� 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 蹖讴 賲賲賱讴鬲 賲賳馗賲貙 亘丕 亘賵丿賳 丕賲倬乇丕鬲賵乇 賵 丕賮爻乇賴丕蹖 賱丕蹖賯貙 亘賴 賴蹖趩鈥屭┴з呚� 丕丨鬲蹖丕噩蹖 賳蹖爻鬲. 毓賯賱 賲鬲賵爻胤 賲乇丿賲 亘爻 丕爻鬲. 丨鬲蹖 丕诏乇 丕噩丕夭賴 亘賮乇賲丕蹖蹖丿 毓乇囟 讴賳賲 讴賴 丌丿賲 丨爻丕亘蹖 亘丕蹖丿 讴賲蹖 賴賲 鬲乇爻賵 亘丕卮丿."
"賯丕囟蹖 毓爻讴乇:
賲鬲兀孬乇 賳卮賵蹖丿貙 丌卮倬夭亘丕卮蹖. 卮賴丕丿鬲 丿乇 趩賳蹖賳 噩賳诏蹖 乇丨賲鬲 丕賱賴蹖 丕爻鬲 賳賴 賲氐蹖亘鬲. 趩乇丕責 亘乇丕蹖 丕賷賳鈥屭┵� 丕蹖賳 噩賳诏 亘賴 賴蹖趩鈥屬堌� 亘賴 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 丿蹖诏乇 卮亘丕賴鬲 賳丿丕乇丿. 丕蹖賳 蹖讴 噩賳诏 毓丕丿蹖 賳蹖爻鬲貙 噩賴丕丿 丕爻鬲. 噩賴丕丿 丿乇 乇丕賴 丕蹖賲丕賳 丕爻鬲貙 倬爻 乇囟丕蹖 禺丿丕 丿乇 丌賳 丕爻鬲.
丌卮倬夭:
讴丕賲賱丕賸 丿乇爻鬲 丕爻鬲. 丕夭 胤乇賮蹖 丕蹖賳 噩賳诏 亘賴 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 丿蹖诏乇 卮亘蹖賴 丕爻鬲: 丌鬲卮 賲蹖鈥屫操嗁嗀� 讴卮鬲丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 睾丕乇鬲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 賵 丨鬲蹖 诏丕賴 诏丕賴蹖 賴鬲讴 賳丕賲賵爻 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀�. 丕賲丕 丕夭 胤乇賮 丿蹖诏乇 亘丕 賴賲賴鈥屰� 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 丿蹖诏乇 賮乇賯 丿丕乇丿貙 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳鈥屭┵� 噩賴丕丿 賲賯丿爻蹖 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 丿蹖诏乇 亘爻蹖丕乇 賵丕囟丨 賵 賲亘乇賴賳 丕爻鬲. 亘丕 賴賲賴鈥屰� 丕蹖賳賴丕 賯亘賵賱 讴賳蹖丿 讴賴 毓胤卮 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必�."
賳賳赖鈥屫勜з堌�:
"卮賲丕 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗃屫� 賲乇丕 丕夭 噩賳诏 亘蹖夭丕乇 讴賳蹖丿. 賲蹖鈥屭堐屬嗀� 噩賳诏 丌丿賲鈥屬囏й� 囟毓蹖賮 乇丕 丕夭 亘蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ必� 丕賲丕 丌丿賲鈥屬囏й� 囟毓蹖賮 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 氐賱丨 賴賲 丕夭 亘蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屫辟堎嗀�. 丿乇 賴乇 氐賵乇鬲 噩賳诏 卮讴賲 讴爻 賵 讴丕乇卮 乇丕 禺賵亘 爻蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�."
"诏丕賴蹖 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 讴賴 亘丕 讴噩丕賵賴鈥屫з� 丕夭 噩賴賳賲 乇丿 賲蹖鈥屫促堎� 賵 亘賴 噩賴賳賲蹖鈥屬囏� 夭賯賵賲 賲蹖鈥屬佖辟堌促�. 诏丕賴蹖 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 讴賴 丕夭 亘賴卮鬲 毓亘賵乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 亘賴 丕乇賵丕丨 丌匕賵賯賴 賲蹖鈥屫囐�. 丕诏乇 噩丕蹖蹖 乇丕 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 讴賴 丕夭 鬲乇賯鈥屫辟堎� 鬲賵倬 賵 鬲賮賳诏 禺亘乇蹖 賳亘賵丿貙 禺蹖賱蹖 丿賱賲 賲蹖鈥屫堌ж池� 讴賴 禺賵丿賲 賵 亘趩賴鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖賲 賲丕賳丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 丌賳噩丕 賲蹖鈥屬呚з嗀屬� 賵 趩賳丿 氐亘丕丨蹖 亘丕 禺蹖丕賱 乇丕丨鬲 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┴必屬�."
丕夭 倬爻诏賮鬲丕乇 賲氐胤賮蹖 乇丨蹖賲蹖
"鬲兀孬蹖乇 賲丨蹖胤 亘乇 丌丿賲蹖 丕夭 賲賯賵賱賴鈥屰� 鬲兀孬蹖乇 賲丨蹖胤 亘乇 爻賳诏 賵 诏蹖丕賴 賳蹖爻鬲. 爻賳诏 賵 诏蹖丕賴 丿乇 爻丕禺鬲賳 賲丨蹖胤 禺賵丿 賴蹖趩鈥屭堎嗁� 鬲兀孬蹖乇 賵 丿禺丕賱鬲蹖 賳丿丕乇賳丿貙 丕賲丕 丿乇 亘卮乇 趩賳蹖賳 賳蹖爻鬲.
噩賳诏 氐丕毓賯賴鈥屫й� 丌爻賲丕賳蹖 賳蹖爻鬲. 鬲讴乇丕乇 讴賳蹖賲 讴賴 賲丨蹖胤 亘卮乇蹖 賲丨蹖胤蹖 丕爻鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 鬲睾蹖蹖乇倬匕蹖乇貙 賳賴 賲丨蹖胤蹖 鬲賯丿蹖乇蹖 賵 鬲睾蹖蹖乇賳丕倬匕蹖乇. 丌鬲卮 噩賳诏 乇丕 賴賲诏丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫з佖辟堌操嗀� (趩賴 賮乇賯 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�: 噩賲毓蹖 賲蹖鈥屫з佖辟堌操嗀� 賵 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 亘乇 丌賳 丌鬲卮 賴蹖夭賲 賲蹖鈥屬嗁囐嗀� 蹖丕 亘賴 賴蹖夭賲鈥屭┴篡� 丿賱禺賵卮賳丿). 讴丕乇賵丕賳蹖丕賳 賲丕 賳蹖夭 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丌賴賳诏 賳丕賲賵夭賵賳貙 爻賴賲 禺賵蹖卮 乇丕 丕丿丕 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀�. 丕诏乇 賴賲诏丕賳 丕乇丕丿賴 讴賳賳丿 丕蹖賳 丌鬲卮 亘賴 爻賴賵賱鬲 賮爻乇丿賳 丕禺诏乇蹖 禺丕賲賵卮 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 丕蹖賳 丌鬲卮 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 賴乇 蹖讴 丕夭 丕賮乇丕丿 鈥� 丕賮乇丕丿 噩丿丕 丕夭 賴賲 鈥� 讴賵賴 丌鬲卮鈥屬佖簇з嗃� 賲賯丕賵賲鬲鈥屬嗀з矩佰屫� 丕爻鬲 賵 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 丕乇丕丿賴鈥屰� 賴賲賴鈥屰� 丌賳丕賳貙 賴蹖趩."
"夭賲丕賳蹖貙 夭蹖乇讴蹖 讴丕卮丕賳賴鈥屫й� 讴乇丿
賵賱蹖 睾丕賮賱 讴賴 诏賵乇 禺賵蹖卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�
卮丕蹖丿 亘鬲賵丕賳 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 丿賵夭禺 亘丕睾蹖 爻丕禺鬲貙 丕賲丕 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 爻賴賲 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 噩丿丕 讴乇丿."
丕夭 賯囟丕 亘乇卮鬲 讴賴 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖鈥屰� 丿蹖诏乇蹖 丕夭卮 乇賵 鬲丕夭賴 亘賴 倬丕蹖丕賳 亘乇丿賲 亘賴 賵囟賵丨 趩倬 賲丨爻賵亘 賲蹖卮賴. 趩倬蹖 讴賴 丕夭 丕賵賱 亘丕乇蹖 讴賴 卮乇賵毓 亘賴 禺賵賳丿賳 丕夭卮 讴乇丿賲 卮蹖賮鬲賴鈥屰� 倬蹖丕賲鈥屬囏й� 賯丿乇鬲賲賳丿 賵 乇賵卮鈥屬囏й� 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 倬蹖丕賲 爻丕丿賴 賵 亘蹖鈥屬聚屫必й屫� 卮丿賲. 賳賴 丕蹖賳讴賴 丕夭 氐賳丕蹖毓 丕丿亘蹖 亘蹖鈥屫ㄙ囏辟� 亘丕卮賴 賵賱蹖 丕夭 鬲讴賱賮 亘賴 丿賵乇賴. 丕鬲賮丕賯丕 亘乇卮鬲 賲孬賱 賲賳 鬲賳亘賱蹖 賲蹖讴賳賴. 丕夭 賴賲賵賳 丕賵賱 鬲讴賱蹖賮 乇賵 乇賵卮賳 賲蹖讴賳賴. 丕蹖丿賴鈥屫①勠屫池屬� 讴賴 亘丕 丿賳蹖丕蹖 睾蹖乇丕蹖丿賴鈥屫①� 賲賵噩賵丿 賴蹖趩鈥屫堌� 爻乇 爻丕夭卮 賳丿丕乇賴.
亘乇卮鬲 亘丕 鬲蹖睾 亘乇丕賳卮 禺胤蹖 乇賵卮賳 亘蹖賳 鬲丕乇蹖讴蹖 賵 賳賵乇 賲蹖讴卮賴. 亘乇丕蹖 丕賵賳 禺丕讴爻鬲乇蹖鈥屬囏� 丕讴孬乇丕賸 禺賵丕爻鬲賴 蹖丕 賳丕禺賵丕爻鬲賴 丿乇 爻賲鬲 丕乇鬲卮 鬲丕乇蹖讴蹖 賯乇丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭屫辟�. 丕诏乇 丨鬲蹖 亘禺賵乇 賵 賳賲蹖乇蹖 丕夭 賯賽亘賻賱 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 倬賱蹖丿蹖 亘賴 丿爻鬲 賲蹖丕乇蹖 賵 丿乇 毓蹖賳 丨丕賱 賮讴乇 賲蹖讴賳蹖 讴賴 賮囟蹖賱鬲鈥屬囏й� 賮乇丿蹖鬲 乇賵 丨賮馗 讴乇丿蹖 亘丕蹖丿 賮囟蹖賱鬲鈥屬囏ж� 乇賵 亘賴 丿乇 讴賵夭賴 丕賳鬲賯丕賱 亘丿蹖.
爻禺鬲 賲蹖卮賴 丕乇夭卮鈥屬囏й� 亘乇卮鬲 乇賵 亘賴 亘賵鬲賴鈥屰� 丌夭賲丕蹖卮 诏匕丕卮鬲. 亘賴 賵蹖跇賴 賵賯鬲蹖 丌乇丕賲卮蹖 爻胤丨蹖 賵 倬賵爻蹖丿賴 丿賱賽 倬乇 胤睾蹖丕賳 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 乇賵 倬賵卮賵賳丿賴. 丕賲丕 賵賯鬲蹖 賯賱蹖丕賳 丌賴鈥屬囏� 賵 賮乇蹖丕丿賴丕蹖 丿乇 诏賱賵 禺賮賴鈥屫簇� 丕夭 賲賳賮匕蹖 亘賴 爻胤丨 賲蹖乇爻賴 丕賵賳 賵賯鬲 丿乇 鬲賯丕亘賱 賲爻鬲賯蹖賲 賵 亘蹖鈥屬矩必団€屰� 賳蹖乇賵賴丕蹖 丕賴賵乇丕蹖蹖 賵 丕賴乇蹖賲賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屫ㄛ屬嗃屬� 讴賴 亘乇卮鬲 爻禺賳蹖 亘賴 诏夭丕賮 亘乇 夭亘丕賳 賳乇丕賳丿賴. 賵 丕賲乇賵夭 賲丕 丕蹖賳 乇賵 丕夭 賴賲蹖卮賴 亘賴鬲乇 亘丕 诏賵卮鬲 賵 倬賵爻鬲 賵 丕爻鬲禺賵賳 丿乇讴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃屬�.
賳賳賴鈥屫勜з堌� 倬蹖乇夭賳蹖 丕爻鬲 亘丕 賮囟蹖賱鬲鈥屬囏й� 賯丕亘賱鈥屫堌� 賮乇丿蹖 讴賴 丕夭 胤乇蹖賯 噩賳诏 賳丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫堌必� 賵 丿乇 鬲賱丕卮 丕爻鬲 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 噩賳诏 賵 亘蹖鈥屫关з勜� 丿乇 丕賲丕賳 賳诏賴 丿丕乇丿. 鬲賳丕賯囟蹖 賵丕囟丨 讴賴 丿乇 賲爻蹖乇 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 爻乇 亘丕夭 賲蹖讴賳賴.
倬.賳: 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 丿賱丕蹖賱蹖 讴賴 亘賴 賲賳 讴賲讴 讴乇丿賴 乇丕丨鬲 亘賴 賳賵卮鬲賴鈥屬囏й� 亘乇卮鬲 丕賲鬲蹖丕夭賴丕蹖 亘丕賱丕 亘丿賲 鬲丨賱蹖賱鈥屬囏й� 丕睾賱亘 卮诏賮鬲鈥屫з嗂屫槽屬� 丿乇 趩丕倬鈥屬囏й� 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 賳蹖賱賵賮乇 丕夭 亘乇卮鬲 讴賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 賲讴賲賱賽 賲鬲賳 毓賲賱 賲蹖讴賳賳 賵 丨丿丕賯賱 亘乇丕蹖 賲賳 丿乇蹖丕賮鬲 丕夭 賲鬲賳 乇賵 毓賲賯 亘蹖卮鬲乇蹖 賲蹖亘禺卮賳. 丕蹖賳噩丕 賴賲 丕夭 倬爻诏賮鬲丕乇 夭蹖亘丕 賵 賲賵卮讴丕賮丕賳賴鈥屰� 賲氐胤賮蹖 乇丨蹖賲蹖 賳賲蹖卮賴 蹖丕丿 賳讴乇丿.
亘乇蹖丿賴鈥屬囏й屰� 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘
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"爻乇噩賵禺赖:
丕賱讴蹖 賳禺賵丕賴 亘賴 賲賳 賯丕賱亘 亘讴賳蹖. 丨賯鬲 乇丕 讴賮 丿爻鬲鬲 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж辟�. 禺賵亘 賲蹖鈥屫з嗃� 讴賴 亘丕蹖丿 賵乇賯賴鈥屰� 毓亘賵乇 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮蹖.
丿賱丕賵乇:
亘丕 賲賳 賲丐丿亘 氐丨亘鬲 讴賳蹖丿. 噩賱賵 乇賵蹖 亘趩賴鈥屬囏з� 讴賴 賴賳賵夭 丕夭 丿賴丕賳卮丕賳 亘賵蹖 卮蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 亘賴 賲賳 賳诏賵蹖蹖丿 讴賴 賲蹖鈥屫堌з囐� 亘賴 卮賲丕 賯丕賱亘 讴賳賲. 賲賳 亘丕 噩賳丕亘毓丕賱蹖 胤乇賮 賳蹖爻鬲賲. 丿乇 賴賳诏 丿賵賲 賲賳 賮賯胤 蹖讴 賵乇賯賴鈥屰� 毓亘賵乇 丿丕乇賲貙 丌賳 賴賲 賯蹖丕賮賴鈥屰� 賳噩蹖亘 賵 賲毓氐賵賲賲 丕爻鬲. 丨丕賱丕 丕诏乇 卮賲丕 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗃屫� 丕蹖賳 禺胤 乇丕 亘禺賵丕賳蹖丿貙 鬲賯氐蹖乇 賲賳 賳蹖爻鬲. 亘乇丕蹖 禺丕胤乇 卮賲丕 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗁� 賲賴乇 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲賲 亘夭賳賲."
"丌卮倬夭:
賲賳 诏賲丕賳 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 讴賴 賮囟蹖賱鬲 毓賱丕賲鬲 禺賵亘蹖 亘丕卮丿.
丿賱丕賵乇:
賳賴貙 毓賱丕賲鬲 丕蹖賳 丕爻鬲 讴賴 蹖讴 倬丕蹖 讴丕乇 賲蹖鈥屬勝嗂�. 賵賯鬲蹖 讴賴 賮乇賲丕賳丿賴蹖 诏丕賵 亘丕卮丿 賵 爻乇亘丕夭賴丕蹖卮 乇丕 亘賴 賲賳噩賱丕亘 亘讴卮丕賳丿貙 亘蹖趩丕乇賴 爻乇亘丕夭賴丕 亘丕蹖丿 爻乇 賳鬲乇爻 丿丕卮鬲賴 亘丕卮賳丿. 丕爻賲 丕蹖賳 賳鬲乇爻蹖 乇丕 賲蹖鈥屭柏ж辟嗀� 賮囟蹖賱鬲. 賵賯鬲蹖 讴賴 賮乇賲丕賳丿賴 丌丿賲 賳丕禺賳鈥屫蹿┷� 亘丕卮丿 賵 丕夭 禺爻鬲貙 爻乇亘丕夭 讴賲 亘诏蹖乇丿貙 賲毓賱賵賲 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丕蹖賳 爻乇亘丕夭賴丕 丕夭 丕賵賱 鬲丕 丌禺乇 亘丕蹖丿 賲孬賱 賳乇賴鈥屫屬� 倬乇夭賵乇 亘丕卮賳丿....賴賲賴鈥屰� 丕蹖賳鈥屬囏� 禺賵亘蹖鈥屬囏й屰� 丕爻鬲 讴賴 丿乇 蹖讴 賲賲賱讴鬲 賲賳馗賲貙 亘丕 亘賵丿賳 丕賲倬乇丕鬲賵乇 賵 丕賮爻乇賴丕蹖 賱丕蹖賯貙 亘賴 賴蹖趩鈥屭┴з呚� 丕丨鬲蹖丕噩蹖 賳蹖爻鬲. 毓賯賱 賲鬲賵爻胤 賲乇丿賲 亘爻 丕爻鬲. 丨鬲蹖 丕诏乇 丕噩丕夭賴 亘賮乇賲丕蹖蹖丿 毓乇囟 讴賳賲 讴賴 丌丿賲 丨爻丕亘蹖 亘丕蹖丿 讴賲蹖 賴賲 鬲乇爻賵 亘丕卮丿."
"賯丕囟蹖 毓爻讴乇:
賲鬲兀孬乇 賳卮賵蹖丿貙 丌卮倬夭亘丕卮蹖. 卮賴丕丿鬲 丿乇 趩賳蹖賳 噩賳诏蹖 乇丨賲鬲 丕賱賴蹖 丕爻鬲 賳賴 賲氐蹖亘鬲. 趩乇丕責 亘乇丕蹖 丕賷賳鈥屭┵� 丕蹖賳 噩賳诏 亘賴 賴蹖趩鈥屬堌� 亘賴 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 丿蹖诏乇 卮亘丕賴鬲 賳丿丕乇丿. 丕蹖賳 蹖讴 噩賳诏 毓丕丿蹖 賳蹖爻鬲貙 噩賴丕丿 丕爻鬲. 噩賴丕丿 丿乇 乇丕賴 丕蹖賲丕賳 丕爻鬲貙 倬爻 乇囟丕蹖 禺丿丕 丿乇 丌賳 丕爻鬲.
丌卮倬夭:
讴丕賲賱丕賸 丿乇爻鬲 丕爻鬲. 丕夭 胤乇賮蹖 丕蹖賳 噩賳诏 亘賴 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 丿蹖诏乇 卮亘蹖賴 丕爻鬲: 丌鬲卮 賲蹖鈥屫操嗁嗀� 讴卮鬲丕乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 睾丕乇鬲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀� 賵 丨鬲蹖 诏丕賴 诏丕賴蹖 賴鬲讴 賳丕賲賵爻 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀�. 丕賲丕 丕夭 胤乇賮 丿蹖诏乇 亘丕 賴賲賴鈥屰� 噩賳诏鈥屬囏й� 丿蹖诏乇 賮乇賯 丿丕乇丿貙 亘乇丕蹖 丕蹖賳鈥屭┵� 噩賴丕丿 賲賯丿爻蹖 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 丿蹖诏乇 亘爻蹖丕乇 賵丕囟丨 賵 賲亘乇賴賳 丕爻鬲. 亘丕 賴賲賴鈥屰� 丕蹖賳賴丕 賯亘賵賱 讴賳蹖丿 讴賴 毓胤卮 賴賲 賲蹖鈥屫①堌必�."
賳賳赖鈥屫勜з堌�:
"卮賲丕 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з嗃屫� 賲乇丕 丕夭 噩賳诏 亘蹖夭丕乇 讴賳蹖丿. 賲蹖鈥屭堐屬嗀� 噩賳诏 丌丿賲鈥屬囏й� 囟毓蹖賮 乇丕 丕夭 亘蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屫ㄘ必� 丕賲丕 丌丿賲鈥屬囏й� 囟毓蹖賮 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 氐賱丨 賴賲 丕夭 亘蹖賳 賲蹖鈥屫辟堎嗀�. 丿乇 賴乇 氐賵乇鬲 噩賳诏 卮讴賲 讴爻 賵 讴丕乇卮 乇丕 禺賵亘 爻蹖乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�."
"诏丕賴蹖 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 讴賴 亘丕 讴噩丕賵賴鈥屫з� 丕夭 噩賴賳賲 乇丿 賲蹖鈥屫促堎� 賵 亘賴 噩賴賳賲蹖鈥屬囏� 夭賯賵賲 賲蹖鈥屬佖辟堌促�. 诏丕賴蹖 亘賴 賳馗乇賲 賲蹖鈥屫③屫� 讴賴 丕夭 亘賴卮鬲 毓亘賵乇 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁� 賵 亘賴 丕乇賵丕丨 丌匕賵賯賴 賲蹖鈥屫囐�. 丕诏乇 噩丕蹖蹖 乇丕 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖鈥屭┴必� 讴賴 丕夭 鬲乇賯鈥屫辟堎� 鬲賵倬 賵 鬲賮賳诏 禺亘乇蹖 賳亘賵丿貙 禺蹖賱蹖 丿賱賲 賲蹖鈥屫堌ж池� 讴賴 禺賵丿賲 賵 亘趩賴鈥屬囏й屰� 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖賲 賲丕賳丿賴鈥屫з嗀� 丌賳噩丕 賲蹖鈥屬呚з嗀屬� 賵 趩賳丿 氐亘丕丨蹖 亘丕 禺蹖丕賱 乇丕丨鬲 夭賳丿诏蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┴必屬�."
丕夭 倬爻诏賮鬲丕乇 賲氐胤賮蹖 乇丨蹖賲蹖
"鬲兀孬蹖乇 賲丨蹖胤 亘乇 丌丿賲蹖 丕夭 賲賯賵賱賴鈥屰� 鬲兀孬蹖乇 賲丨蹖胤 亘乇 爻賳诏 賵 诏蹖丕賴 賳蹖爻鬲. 爻賳诏 賵 诏蹖丕賴 丿乇 爻丕禺鬲賳 賲丨蹖胤 禺賵丿 賴蹖趩鈥屭堎嗁� 鬲兀孬蹖乇 賵 丿禺丕賱鬲蹖 賳丿丕乇賳丿貙 丕賲丕 丿乇 亘卮乇 趩賳蹖賳 賳蹖爻鬲.
噩賳诏 氐丕毓賯賴鈥屫й� 丌爻賲丕賳蹖 賳蹖爻鬲. 鬲讴乇丕乇 讴賳蹖賲 讴賴 賲丨蹖胤 亘卮乇蹖 賲丨蹖胤蹖 丕爻鬲 丕噩鬲賲丕毓蹖 賵 鬲睾蹖蹖乇倬匕蹖乇貙 賳賴 賲丨蹖胤蹖 鬲賯丿蹖乇蹖 賵 鬲睾蹖蹖乇賳丕倬匕蹖乇. 丌鬲卮 噩賳诏 乇丕 賴賲诏丕賳 賲蹖鈥屫з佖辟堌操嗀� (趩賴 賮乇賯 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�: 噩賲毓蹖 賲蹖鈥屫з佖辟堌操嗀� 賵 丿蹖诏乇丕賳 亘乇 丌賳 丌鬲卮 賴蹖夭賲 賲蹖鈥屬嗁囐嗀� 蹖丕 亘賴 賴蹖夭賲鈥屭┴篡� 丿賱禺賵卮賳丿). 讴丕乇賵丕賳蹖丕賳 賲丕 賳蹖夭 丿乇 丕蹖賳 丌賴賳诏 賳丕賲賵夭賵賳貙 爻賴賲 禺賵蹖卮 乇丕 丕丿丕 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗁嗀�. 丕诏乇 賴賲诏丕賳 丕乇丕丿賴 讴賳賳丿 丕蹖賳 丌鬲卮 亘賴 爻賴賵賱鬲 賮爻乇丿賳 丕禺诏乇蹖 禺丕賲賵卮 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�. 丕蹖賳 丌鬲卮 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 賴乇 蹖讴 丕夭 丕賮乇丕丿 鈥� 丕賮乇丕丿 噩丿丕 丕夭 賴賲 鈥� 讴賵賴 丌鬲卮鈥屬佖簇з嗃� 賲賯丕賵賲鬲鈥屬嗀з矩佰屫� 丕爻鬲 賵 丿乇 亘乇丕亘乇 丕乇丕丿賴鈥屰� 賴賲賴鈥屰� 丌賳丕賳貙 賴蹖趩."
"夭賲丕賳蹖貙 夭蹖乇讴蹖 讴丕卮丕賳賴鈥屫й� 讴乇丿
賵賱蹖 睾丕賮賱 讴賴 诏賵乇 禺賵蹖卮 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�
卮丕蹖丿 亘鬲賵丕賳 丿乇 賲蹖丕賳 丿賵夭禺 亘丕睾蹖 爻丕禺鬲貙 丕賲丕 賳賲蹖鈥屫堌з� 爻賴賲 禺賵丿 乇丕 丕夭 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 噩丿丕 讴乇丿."
July 26, 2020
4.5
賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賳賲丕丿蹖 丕夭 賴賲賴 鬲囟丕丿賴丕蹖 匕丕鬲蹖 賲丕 丕賳爻丕賳 賴丕爻鬲. 噩賳诏蹖 丿丕卅賲蹖 丿乇 丿乇賵賳 賲丕.
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賲丕丿乇蹖 讴丕爻亘 讴丕乇 賵 丿賵乇賴 诏乇丿 亘賴 賴賲乇丕賴 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳卮賴. 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿乇 賯乇賳 17 賵 胤蹖 噩賳诏賴丕蹖 30 爻丕賱賴 噩乇蹖丕賳 丿丕乇賴. 噩賳诏賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丕诏乇趩賴 丿乇 丕氐賱 賳丕卮蹖 丕夭 賯丿乇鬲 胤賱亘蹖 亘賵丿賳丿 丕賲丕 亘賴 亘賴丕賳賴 賴丕蹖 賲匕賴亘蹖 亘夭讴 卮丿賴 亘賵丿. 丨丕賱丕 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕蹖蹖 讴賴 噩賳诏 賴賲賴 丕乇賵倬丕蹖 賲乇讴夭蹖 乇賵 亘賱毓蹖丿賴 賵 賯鬲賱 賵 睾丕乇鬲 賵 趩倬丕賵賱 賵 丿夭丿蹖貙 亘賴 丕賲乇蹖 毓丕丿蹖 亘丿賱 卮丿賴貙 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賯氐丿 丿丕乇賴 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳卮 乇賵 丕夭 噩賳诏 丨賮馗 讴賳賴 賵 丕夭 胤乇蹖賯 丿賵乇賴 诏乇丿蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖卮 乇賵 亘趩乇禺賵賳賴. 鬲囟丕丿賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 胤蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 丿乇 賵噩賵丿 "賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇" 賲卮丕賴丿賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃屬呚� 賳丕卮蹖 丕夭 賵噩賵丿 賴賲蹖賳 丿賵 丨爻 賲鬲賳丕賯囟 "賲丕丿乇蹖" 賵 "讴丕爻亘蹖" 賴爻鬲賳 讴賴 賴乇 亘丕乇 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 乇賵 亘賴 爻賵蹖蹖 賲蹖讴卮賳. 爻賲鬲 賵 爻賵蹖蹖 讴賴 丕诏乇趩賴 賲鬲囟丕丿 賴賲 丕賳丿貙 丕賲丕 亘爻蹖丕乇 丌卮賳丕 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 丕賳丿. 丕蹖賳 鬲囟丕丿賴丕 亘賴 鬲丿乇蹖噩 亘賴 噩賳诏蹖 賳丕倬蹖丿丕 丿乇 丿乇賵賳 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 亘丿賱 賲蹖卮賳 讴賴鈥� 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 賳鬲蹖噩賴 丕賵賳 趩蹖夭蹖 噩夭 丕丨爻丕爻 爻乇丕賮讴賳丿诏蹖 賵 卮讴爻鬲 賳蹖爻鬲.
賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賳賲丕丿蹖 丕夭 賴賲賴 鬲囟丕丿賴丕蹖 匕丕鬲蹖 賲丕 丕賳爻丕賳 賴丕爻鬲. 噩賳诏蹖 丿丕卅賲蹖 丿乇 丿乇賵賳 賲丕.
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賲丕丿乇蹖 讴丕爻亘 讴丕乇 賵 丿賵乇賴 诏乇丿 亘賴 賴賲乇丕賴 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳卮賴. 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿乇 賯乇賳 17 賵 胤蹖 噩賳诏賴丕蹖 30 爻丕賱賴 噩乇蹖丕賳 丿丕乇賴. 噩賳诏賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 丕诏乇趩賴 丿乇 丕氐賱 賳丕卮蹖 丕夭 賯丿乇鬲 胤賱亘蹖 亘賵丿賳丿 丕賲丕 亘賴 亘賴丕賳賴 賴丕蹖 賲匕賴亘蹖 亘夭讴 卮丿賴 亘賵丿. 丨丕賱丕 丿乇 丿賳蹖丕蹖蹖 讴賴 噩賳诏 賴賲賴 丕乇賵倬丕蹖 賲乇讴夭蹖 乇賵 亘賱毓蹖丿賴 賵 賯鬲賱 賵 睾丕乇鬲 賵 趩倬丕賵賱 賵 丿夭丿蹖貙 亘賴 丕賲乇蹖 毓丕丿蹖 亘丿賱 卮丿賴貙 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賯氐丿 丿丕乇賴 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳卮 乇賵 丕夭 噩賳诏 丨賮馗 讴賳賴 賵 丕夭 胤乇蹖賯 丿賵乇賴 诏乇丿蹖 夭賳丿诏蹖卮 乇賵 亘趩乇禺賵賳賴. 鬲囟丕丿賴丕蹖蹖 讴賴 胤蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 丿乇 賵噩賵丿 "賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇" 賲卮丕賴丿賴 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗃屬呚� 賳丕卮蹖 丕夭 賵噩賵丿 賴賲蹖賳 丿賵 丨爻 賲鬲賳丕賯囟 "賲丕丿乇蹖" 賵 "讴丕爻亘蹖" 賴爻鬲賳 讴賴 賴乇 亘丕乇 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 乇賵 亘賴 爻賵蹖蹖 賲蹖讴卮賳. 爻賲鬲 賵 爻賵蹖蹖 讴賴 丕诏乇趩賴 賲鬲囟丕丿 賴賲 丕賳丿貙 丕賲丕 亘爻蹖丕乇 丌卮賳丕 賵 丕賳爻丕賳蹖 丕賳丿. 丕蹖賳 鬲囟丕丿賴丕 亘賴 鬲丿乇蹖噩 亘賴 噩賳诏蹖 賳丕倬蹖丿丕 丿乇 丿乇賵賳 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 亘丿賱 賲蹖卮賳 讴賴鈥� 丿乇 賳賴丕蹖鬲 賳鬲蹖噩賴 丕賵賳 趩蹖夭蹖 噩夭 丕丨爻丕爻 爻乇丕賮讴賳丿诏蹖 賵 卮讴爻鬲 賳蹖爻鬲.
December 21, 2015
As I am writing this review, I am reading the Good Reads description above which is a stunning masterpiece of misstatement:
"Widely considered one of the great dramatic creations of the modern stage, "Mother Courage and Her Children" is Bertolt Brecht's most passionate and profound statement against war."
Now for the truth. Bertolt Brecht was a communist who wrote parodies to show the workers what is a not to be done. Mother Courage is a vile lower middle class shopkeeper whose obsession with her own selfish petty bourgeois concerns brings ruin down upon her family and allows an intolerable environment in which the rich exploit the poor to perpetrate itself.
Mother Courage is not a passionate and profound statement against war. It is a call to arms for the oppressed proletariat.
Now on to this foul piece of Marxist propaganda which does indeed stage well if misinterpreted as the tragedy of a brave woman trying to fend for family during the 30 years war.
Brecht always felt that stereotypes and clich茅s should be exploited to the maximum. His Mother Courage belongs to the hated category of camp follower; that is to say she was an itinerant peddler who followed armies on their campaigns. Armies on the move needed food, clothing, tobacco, alcohol and whores in order to make life bearable. Consequently multitudes of goods and service providers (as they are called in ECON 100) followed the armies peddling their wares.
The camp followers did not see themselves as war profiteers. Rather given that the kings had grabbed all the wealth in the kingdoms to pay for their military campaigns, the poor camp followers had no other way to make a living. Unfortunately, military campaigning was as dangerous for the camp followers as it was for the soldiers who tended to rob and murder the camp followers whenever they lacked the means or the desire to pay for whatever it was they wanted.
In highly predictable fashion, Mother Courage's children are killed in this play. At the end, Mother Courage quite alone departs with her peddler's wagon in search of another military campaign. As conventionally staged, Mother Courage is a pathetic and tragic figure. In Brecht's view she simply played a mug's game and lost. She ought to have joined the workers movement and constructed a socialist paradise on earth.
This play is tons of fun in a class room as it typically sparks lively debate. I advise theatre goers to take a pass on this one. Bertolt Brecht wrote his best work in a collaboration with Kurt Weill which produced the Rise and Fall of the Empire of Mahagony, the Happy Ending and the Threepenny Opera all of which are absolutely delightful on stage,
"Widely considered one of the great dramatic creations of the modern stage, "Mother Courage and Her Children" is Bertolt Brecht's most passionate and profound statement against war."
Now for the truth. Bertolt Brecht was a communist who wrote parodies to show the workers what is a not to be done. Mother Courage is a vile lower middle class shopkeeper whose obsession with her own selfish petty bourgeois concerns brings ruin down upon her family and allows an intolerable environment in which the rich exploit the poor to perpetrate itself.
Mother Courage is not a passionate and profound statement against war. It is a call to arms for the oppressed proletariat.
Now on to this foul piece of Marxist propaganda which does indeed stage well if misinterpreted as the tragedy of a brave woman trying to fend for family during the 30 years war.
Brecht always felt that stereotypes and clich茅s should be exploited to the maximum. His Mother Courage belongs to the hated category of camp follower; that is to say she was an itinerant peddler who followed armies on their campaigns. Armies on the move needed food, clothing, tobacco, alcohol and whores in order to make life bearable. Consequently multitudes of goods and service providers (as they are called in ECON 100) followed the armies peddling their wares.
The camp followers did not see themselves as war profiteers. Rather given that the kings had grabbed all the wealth in the kingdoms to pay for their military campaigns, the poor camp followers had no other way to make a living. Unfortunately, military campaigning was as dangerous for the camp followers as it was for the soldiers who tended to rob and murder the camp followers whenever they lacked the means or the desire to pay for whatever it was they wanted.
In highly predictable fashion, Mother Courage's children are killed in this play. At the end, Mother Courage quite alone departs with her peddler's wagon in search of another military campaign. As conventionally staged, Mother Courage is a pathetic and tragic figure. In Brecht's view she simply played a mug's game and lost. She ought to have joined the workers movement and constructed a socialist paradise on earth.
This play is tons of fun in a class room as it typically sparks lively debate. I advise theatre goers to take a pass on this one. Bertolt Brecht wrote his best work in a collaboration with Kurt Weill which produced the Rise and Fall of the Empire of Mahagony, the Happy Ending and the Threepenny Opera all of which are absolutely delightful on stage,
June 1, 2018
亘爻蹖丕乇 丿賵爻鬲卮 丿丕卮鬲賲. 爻乇诏卮鬲诏蹖 丕賳爻丕賳 丕賲乇賵夭 乇賵 亘賴 夭蹖亘丕蹖蹖 亘賴 鬲氐賵蹖乇 讴卮蹖丿賴. 賲賵禺乇賴 賲鬲乇噩賲 賴賲 鬲丕賲賱 亘乇丕賳诏蹖夭 賵 亘噩丕 亘賵丿.
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賲丕丿乇蹖 讴賴 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 噩賳诏賴丕蹖 爻蹖 爻丕賱賴 丕乇賵倬丕 讴賴 爻毓蹖 丿丕乇賴 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳卮 乇賵 丕夭 噩賳诏 爻丕賱賲 亘蹖乇賵賳 亘蹖丕乇賴 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 讴賴 禺賵丿卮 毓囟賵蹖 丕夭 賴賲乇丕賴蹖 讴賳賳丿賴 賴丕蹖 噩賳诏賴. 亘禺卮 賴丕蹖蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 賴賲 讴賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 卮毓乇 亘賵丿賴貙 亘賴 賮丕乇爻蹖 賴賲 賲賳馗賵賲 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴 讴賴 噩丕賱亘 亘賵丿
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賲丕丿乇蹖 讴賴 丿乇 夭賲丕賳 噩賳诏賴丕蹖 爻蹖 爻丕賱賴 丕乇賵倬丕 讴賴 爻毓蹖 丿丕乇賴 賮乇夭賳丿丕賳卮 乇賵 丕夭 噩賳诏 爻丕賱賲 亘蹖乇賵賳 亘蹖丕乇賴 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖 讴賴 禺賵丿卮 毓囟賵蹖 丕夭 賴賲乇丕賴蹖 讴賳賳丿賴 賴丕蹖 噩賳诏賴. 亘禺卮 賴丕蹖蹖 丕夭 讴鬲丕亘 賴賲 讴賴 亘賴 氐賵乇鬲 卮毓乇 亘賵丿賴貙 亘賴 賮丕乇爻蹖 賴賲 賲賳馗賵賲 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴 讴賴 噩丕賱亘 亘賵丿
April 19, 2016
War is an addiction. War is business. War is necessity.
Brecht uses various voices in this play to reiterate these slogans over and over again. Sometimes by the same character. Written during the times when Nazism and fascism was becoming prominent in Europe, Brecht uses an older European war as a setting to voice his point of view on the growing political crisis during '30s. On one hand Mother Courage is a war profiteer which isn't all that new. She finds a way to keep her family fed by peddling food and alcohol to military camps. She follows military camps for years selling things that are hard to come by in a war zone. She, her family and even her business is always at risk of looting or getting killed. Of course she could have simply stayed put in her town and tried to make a living. But that wouldn't have worked out well for a poor woman since the society she lived in was always advantageous for the rich. War would have only made her poorer with all the resources being directed towards war and she followed what basic economics directed her. Follow the war, use war as a client and provide services.
Through the course of play, Mother Courage shares her perception on war, morals, virtue, loyalty etc which is almost Brecht talking to people under Nazi regimen. When her eldest son is recruited by the General, she says-
I am on fence on this one. It is hard to ascertain whether Brecht is implying war with a radical propaganda requires what Mother Courage here is talking about or war in general is pointless. Calling out for courage and virtue is propaganda speech while insisting on morality and loyalty is borderline communism. Its quite difficult to understand if Brecht is anti-war or its something else entirely. The irony lies in Mother Courage's view on men fighting the war reducing war to a job provider and soldiers to employees. She adds-
Brecht detaches country and its people or more specifically he puts an added responsibility on the leader/king/government. It isn't a system that would hold up or work for a long time and Brecht knows it. It is a throwback to growing number of Nazi supporters and changing mental constitution of the nation itself. Its very tongue in cheek and blatantly disregards '30s propaganda. He wasn't entirely wrong with his argument about choosing the right leader. Along the same line he further says-
Really, why should it? Conflicts have always existed and a war is always on in some part of the globe. It just changes route, gives birth to a newer war and a bunch of newer conflicts. In our lifetime we have already seen this happening and right now as I write this review I hear a news anchor talk about the continuing attacks on Europe.
Mother Courage loses her children to war or by products of war. Its the final scene that makes the entire play truly tragic. Mother Courage's daughter, only living child of hers, dies. Mother Courage asks the village folk to take care of the corpse as she has to move on with her business to find another camp. This, for me, negated the entire experience that Brecht had so carefully fulfilled till then. Brecht makes her bow to the only life that she has ever known and continue to be a part of a system that she truly abhors. It is hard to feel sympathy for this character and reconcile with the fact that she moves on with peddling. It is evident Brecht wanted her to be a victim of war just how her children were. In her case, in any moment, she could have stopped. But she didn't.
Maybe that's what Brecht's intentions were. One cannot really stop being part of war just because one wants to. Too sad.
Brecht uses various voices in this play to reiterate these slogans over and over again. Sometimes by the same character. Written during the times when Nazism and fascism was becoming prominent in Europe, Brecht uses an older European war as a setting to voice his point of view on the growing political crisis during '30s. On one hand Mother Courage is a war profiteer which isn't all that new. She finds a way to keep her family fed by peddling food and alcohol to military camps. She follows military camps for years selling things that are hard to come by in a war zone. She, her family and even her business is always at risk of looting or getting killed. Of course she could have simply stayed put in her town and tried to make a living. But that wouldn't have worked out well for a poor woman since the society she lived in was always advantageous for the rich. War would have only made her poorer with all the resources being directed towards war and she followed what basic economics directed her. Follow the war, use war as a client and provide services.
Through the course of play, Mother Courage shares her perception on war, morals, virtue, loyalty etc which is almost Brecht talking to people under Nazi regimen. When her eldest son is recruited by the General, she says-
"Because he's got to have men of courage, that's why. If he knew how to plan a proper campaign what would he be needing men of courage for? Ordinary ones would do. It's always the same; whenever there's a load of special virtues around it means something stinks."
I am on fence on this one. It is hard to ascertain whether Brecht is implying war with a radical propaganda requires what Mother Courage here is talking about or war in general is pointless. Calling out for courage and virtue is propaganda speech while insisting on morality and loyalty is borderline communism. Its quite difficult to understand if Brecht is anti-war or its something else entirely. The irony lies in Mother Courage's view on men fighting the war reducing war to a job provider and soldiers to employees. She adds-
"In decent countries folk don't have to have virtues, the whole lot can be perfectly ordinary, average intelligence, and for all I know cowards."
Brecht detaches country and its people or more specifically he puts an added responsibility on the leader/king/government. It isn't a system that would hold up or work for a long time and Brecht knows it. It is a throwback to growing number of Nazi supporters and changing mental constitution of the nation itself. Its very tongue in cheek and blatantly disregards '30s propaganda. He wasn't entirely wrong with his argument about choosing the right leader. Along the same line he further says-
"The war will always find an outlet, mark my words. Why should it ever stop?"
Really, why should it? Conflicts have always existed and a war is always on in some part of the globe. It just changes route, gives birth to a newer war and a bunch of newer conflicts. In our lifetime we have already seen this happening and right now as I write this review I hear a news anchor talk about the continuing attacks on Europe.
Mother Courage loses her children to war or by products of war. Its the final scene that makes the entire play truly tragic. Mother Courage's daughter, only living child of hers, dies. Mother Courage asks the village folk to take care of the corpse as she has to move on with her business to find another camp. This, for me, negated the entire experience that Brecht had so carefully fulfilled till then. Brecht makes her bow to the only life that she has ever known and continue to be a part of a system that she truly abhors. It is hard to feel sympathy for this character and reconcile with the fact that she moves on with peddling. It is evident Brecht wanted her to be a victim of war just how her children were. In her case, in any moment, she could have stopped. But she didn't.
Maybe that's what Brecht's intentions were. One cannot really stop being part of war just because one wants to. Too sad.
November 5, 2016
No. Just no.
February 11, 2020
And here we have another high contestant for the Most Boring Play I've had to read for theatre classes.
I can't even say that Mother Courage was awful or horrible, because it was just so boring. I have no idea what the point of this play is. Well, that's not true, I know what its aim is, but is it working? Has this play moved me in an unemotional way, urging me to rethink my life and my choices and take action, as was the purpose of Brecht's theatre?
Ehhh no.
All it did was put me to sleep.
Also, how do you expect me to take anything seriously from a play with a character named Swiss Cheese?
I can't even say that Mother Courage was awful or horrible, because it was just so boring. I have no idea what the point of this play is. Well, that's not true, I know what its aim is, but is it working? Has this play moved me in an unemotional way, urging me to rethink my life and my choices and take action, as was the purpose of Brecht's theatre?
Ehhh no.
All it did was put me to sleep.
Also, how do you expect me to take anything seriously from a play with a character named Swiss Cheese?
September 23, 2024
A play of devastating power and unbearable structural symmetry, as Mother Courage, a small time war profiteer fails to learn anything from a sequence of tragedies and continues onwards hoping to find business opportunities, whereas in fact it's only the rich who can make a profit from such misery. Morality and politics and truth are all identical in this magnificent work.
April 9, 2017
賵 賴乇趩賴 丕夭 噩賳诏 亘賳賵蹖爻賳丿 亘丕夭 賴賲 讴賲 丕爻鬲 賵 亘丕夭 賴賲 丿賱 乇丕 亘賴 丿乇丿 賲蹖 丌賵乇丿 .. 丕噩乇丕蹖 鬲卅丕鬲乇 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 乇丕 賴賲 亘賴 讴丕乇诏乇丿丕賳蹖 丕賲蹖乇 丿跇丕讴丕賲 丿蹖丿賲 賵 丕卮讴 乇蹖禺鬲賲 亘乇丕蹖 鬲賳賴丕蹖蹖 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 .. 亘乇丕蹖 亘蹖 讴爻蹖賽 讴丕鬲乇蹖賳 .. 亘乇丕蹖 鬲賲丕賲 賯乇亘丕賳蹖丕賳 噩賳诏
August 23, 2018
Brilliant.
November 13, 2020
芦毓丕賱賲蹖 丿蹖诏乇 亘亘丕蹖丿 爻丕禺鬲 賵夭 賳賵 丌丿賲蹖禄
讴鬲丕亘 丿賵 亘禺卮 丿丕乇丿. 賳賲丕蹖卮鈥屬嗀з呝� 賵 鬲賮爻蹖乇 賲氐胤賮蹖 乇丨蹖賲蹖.
1.賳賲丕蹖卮鈥屬嗀з呝囏� 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 丿乇 胤賵賱 噩賳诏賴丕蹖 爻蹖 爻丕賱賴 丕乇賵倬丕 倬蹖卮 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌�. 乇賵丕蹖鬲 丕賮乇丕丿 賳馗丕賲蹖 賵 睾蹖乇賳馗丕賲蹖 讴賴 爻丕賱鈥屬囏й� 胤賵賱丕賳蹖 丕夭 夭賳丿诏蹖鈥屫簇з� 丿乇 噩賳诏 賲蹖鈥屭柏必�. 胤賳夭 丿賱賳卮蹖賳卮 鬲賱禺蹖 噩賳诏 乇丕 讴賳丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀�. 鬲丕讴蹖丿 亘蹖卮鬲乇 亘乇 丕禺賱丕賯 賴乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賵 亘乇禺賵乇丿 卮禺氐蹖 賴乇讴爻 亘丕 賲爻卅賱賴 噩賳诏 賵 鬲丕孬蹖乇 丌賳丕賳 亘乇 乇賵賳丿 噩賳诏 丕爻鬲.
2.鬲賮爻蹖乇 丿賯蹖賯 賵 乇賵丕賳貙 亘賴 賮賴賲 賳賲丕蹖卮 讴賲讴 卮丕蹖丕賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 賵丕囟丨丕 丕夭 賯氐丿 賵 胤乇夭 賮讴乇 亘乇卮鬲 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 賵 丕夭 丕鬲賵倬蹖丕蹖蹖 讴賴 鬲乇爻蹖賲 讴乇丿賴.
賴卮丿丕乇: 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 倬鬲丕賳爻蹖賱 亘丕賱丕蹖蹖 丿丕乇賴 讴賴 乇賵蹖 胤乇夭 賮讴乇 賵 丿蹖丿 卮賲丕 亘賴 賲爻卅賱賴 噩賳诏 賵 賴乇 賲爻卅賱賴鈥屫й� 讴賴 匕丕鬲丕 亘乇丕蹖 賳賵毓 亘卮乇 丌夭丕乇丿賴賳丿賴鈥屫池� 鬲丕孬蹖乇 賯丕亘賱 鬲賵噩賴蹖 亘诏匕丕乇賴.
讴鬲丕亘 丿賵 亘禺卮 丿丕乇丿. 賳賲丕蹖卮鈥屬嗀з呝� 賵 鬲賮爻蹖乇 賲氐胤賮蹖 乇丨蹖賲蹖.
1.賳賲丕蹖卮鈥屬嗀з呝囏� 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 丿乇 胤賵賱 噩賳诏賴丕蹖 爻蹖 爻丕賱賴 丕乇賵倬丕 倬蹖卮 賲蹖鈥屫辟堌�. 乇賵丕蹖鬲 丕賮乇丕丿 賳馗丕賲蹖 賵 睾蹖乇賳馗丕賲蹖 讴賴 爻丕賱鈥屬囏й� 胤賵賱丕賳蹖 丕夭 夭賳丿诏蹖鈥屫簇з� 丿乇 噩賳诏 賲蹖鈥屭柏必�. 胤賳夭 丿賱賳卮蹖賳卮 鬲賱禺蹖 噩賳诏 乇丕 讴賳丕乇 賲蹖鈥屫操嗀�. 鬲丕讴蹖丿 亘蹖卮鬲乇 亘乇 丕禺賱丕賯 賴乇 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賵 亘乇禺賵乇丿 卮禺氐蹖 賴乇讴爻 亘丕 賲爻卅賱賴 噩賳诏 賵 鬲丕孬蹖乇 丌賳丕賳 亘乇 乇賵賳丿 噩賳诏 丕爻鬲.
2.鬲賮爻蹖乇 丿賯蹖賯 賵 乇賵丕賳貙 亘賴 賮賴賲 賳賲丕蹖卮 讴賲讴 卮丕蹖丕賳蹖 賲蹖鈥屭┵嗀�. 賵丕囟丨丕 丕夭 賯氐丿 賵 胤乇夭 賮讴乇 亘乇卮鬲 賲蹖鈥屭堐屫� 賵 丕夭 丕鬲賵倬蹖丕蹖蹖 讴賴 鬲乇爻蹖賲 讴乇丿賴.
賴卮丿丕乇: 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 倬鬲丕賳爻蹖賱 亘丕賱丕蹖蹖 丿丕乇賴 讴賴 乇賵蹖 胤乇夭 賮讴乇 賵 丿蹖丿 卮賲丕 亘賴 賲爻卅賱賴 噩賳诏 賵 賴乇 賲爻卅賱賴鈥屫й� 讴賴 匕丕鬲丕 亘乇丕蹖 賳賵毓 亘卮乇 丌夭丕乇丿賴賳丿賴鈥屫池� 鬲丕孬蹖乇 賯丕亘賱 鬲賵噩賴蹖 亘诏匕丕乇賴.
August 12, 2022
I've read (in the Manheim trans*) and taught this play, set in the Thirty Years War, and some others by Brecht, while attending performances of Galileo (at the Schubert Theater, Boston), BAAL (at Trinity Rep, Providence), the Threepenny Opera (at my own Bristol Comm College, directed by Brenner) and two at American Rep, Cambridge, and Brandeis.** Arguably, Brecht's best plays, like this one and Galileo, were written in the US, 1938-39. Prior, as a Marxist pacifist in Berlin until 1938, he mostly translated Moliere's Don Juan and Shakespeare's Corialanus, left Berlin just before Hitler destroyed all intellectuals. He also left the US the day after he was hauled before the House Un-American Activites Comm, 1947.
Brecht's theatrical ideas almost block the good actor by undermining the illusion created on stage, and even the audience's sympathetic participation in the drama. He urges in his "epic" theater the "alienation effect," such as actors speaking in the third person, masks used for wicked people, and other artificiality to discourage audience identification with stage characeters, or belief in the plot. Moreover, Brecht contradicts the best literature with open didacticism, lessons on capitalism and war: which is simply a continuation of business by other means. (War, military items, surely keep the US economy going.)
Even in translation, Brecht wields a hefty proverb. When the Recruiter complains in the first lines, that there's no honor, no loyalty, The Sergeant says:
"It's easy to see these people have gone too long without a war."
"Like all good things, a war is hard to get started."
He later denies there's any religion in the Swedish army camp, as if to be religious is an insult. The Sergeant also confesses, "I always stay in the rear" (just as the German army did behind the Hungarians who were put in the Front against the Russians in Austria (half immediately killed, another section sent to Russian POW camps in caves--my neighbor was there, who surrendered to the G.I's, said they looked well dressed.
As for proverbs, Mother Courage says,
"Oh, won't you come fishing with me? said the fisherman to his worm"
She had just sung:
O Captains, don't expect to send them
To death with nothing in their crops.
First you must let Mother courage mend them
In mind and body with her schnapps. [Ger., wein]
Mother Courage gives all her kids different last names:
"This one, for instance, his name is Eilif Nojocki. Because his father always claimed to be called Kojocki or Mojocki. The boy remembers him well, except the one he remembers was somebody else, a Frenchman with a goatee. But aside from that, he inherited his father's intelligence, the man could strip the pants off a peasant's ass without his knowing it."
Clearly, anti-sentimental, hard-headed, good Courage a rampant capitalist who only values her own kids, rather like the US leader, though her kids lose out because of their honesty and pity.
Brechtian paradox, "Whenever you find a lot of virtues, it shows something is wrong," Cook, "No, something is all right." "No, if stupid leader leads his men up shit creek, they need courage, and that's a virtue....You don't need virtues in a decent country, the people can all be perfectly ordinary, medium-bright, and cowards too for my money"(scene 2 of 11).
In 3, on war of religion, "He had one thing in his favor, the word of God, which was lucky, for otherwise people would have said he was doing it all for himself." Defeat is good for Mother Courage, "One time in Livonia our general got such a shellacking from the enemy that in the confusion I laid hands on a beautiful white horse from the baggage train. That horse pulled my wagon for seven months, until we had a victory and they checked up."
The Chaplain likes war, "War meets every need, everythings's taken care of..." He tells Courage, "I'm a shepard of souls," and she answers, "Sure. But I have no soul and I need firewood." Someone says the war turned the chaplain into a godless bum. He, "Being a bum has made me a better man."
In 9, the Thirty Years War has been going on tfor 16 years, killing half the poeple in Germany, those left laid low by epidemics. Countrysides filled with famine, wolves prowling through the cities.
In 11, Mother Courage is pulling her own cart, having lost her last alive. She hears from the rear, "The Spring is come, And if by chance you're still alive,/ It's time to rise and shake a leg."
* The only major writer since Homer that I've read just in translation. A serious gap for a Comp Lit student: the head of Comp Lit at UCal Berkeley, Blake Spahr, asked me why I took Russian instead of German. Oh, Pushkin, Chekhov, Tolstoy, Griboyedev, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Bunin...
** Pirandello says seeing a play one cannot judge it, becuase so many others have a hand in a given production. See my Review of Sei Personaggi. But I surely feel I can judge Galileo having seen it at the Schubert.
Brecht's theatrical ideas almost block the good actor by undermining the illusion created on stage, and even the audience's sympathetic participation in the drama. He urges in his "epic" theater the "alienation effect," such as actors speaking in the third person, masks used for wicked people, and other artificiality to discourage audience identification with stage characeters, or belief in the plot. Moreover, Brecht contradicts the best literature with open didacticism, lessons on capitalism and war: which is simply a continuation of business by other means. (War, military items, surely keep the US economy going.)
Even in translation, Brecht wields a hefty proverb. When the Recruiter complains in the first lines, that there's no honor, no loyalty, The Sergeant says:
"It's easy to see these people have gone too long without a war."
"Like all good things, a war is hard to get started."
He later denies there's any religion in the Swedish army camp, as if to be religious is an insult. The Sergeant also confesses, "I always stay in the rear" (just as the German army did behind the Hungarians who were put in the Front against the Russians in Austria (half immediately killed, another section sent to Russian POW camps in caves--my neighbor was there, who surrendered to the G.I's, said they looked well dressed.
As for proverbs, Mother Courage says,
"Oh, won't you come fishing with me? said the fisherman to his worm"
She had just sung:
O Captains, don't expect to send them
To death with nothing in their crops.
First you must let Mother courage mend them
In mind and body with her schnapps. [Ger., wein]
Mother Courage gives all her kids different last names:
"This one, for instance, his name is Eilif Nojocki. Because his father always claimed to be called Kojocki or Mojocki. The boy remembers him well, except the one he remembers was somebody else, a Frenchman with a goatee. But aside from that, he inherited his father's intelligence, the man could strip the pants off a peasant's ass without his knowing it."
Clearly, anti-sentimental, hard-headed, good Courage a rampant capitalist who only values her own kids, rather like the US leader, though her kids lose out because of their honesty and pity.
Brechtian paradox, "Whenever you find a lot of virtues, it shows something is wrong," Cook, "No, something is all right." "No, if stupid leader leads his men up shit creek, they need courage, and that's a virtue....You don't need virtues in a decent country, the people can all be perfectly ordinary, medium-bright, and cowards too for my money"(scene 2 of 11).
In 3, on war of religion, "He had one thing in his favor, the word of God, which was lucky, for otherwise people would have said he was doing it all for himself." Defeat is good for Mother Courage, "One time in Livonia our general got such a shellacking from the enemy that in the confusion I laid hands on a beautiful white horse from the baggage train. That horse pulled my wagon for seven months, until we had a victory and they checked up."
The Chaplain likes war, "War meets every need, everythings's taken care of..." He tells Courage, "I'm a shepard of souls," and she answers, "Sure. But I have no soul and I need firewood." Someone says the war turned the chaplain into a godless bum. He, "Being a bum has made me a better man."
In 9, the Thirty Years War has been going on tfor 16 years, killing half the poeple in Germany, those left laid low by epidemics. Countrysides filled with famine, wolves prowling through the cities.
In 11, Mother Courage is pulling her own cart, having lost her last alive. She hears from the rear, "The Spring is come, And if by chance you're still alive,/ It's time to rise and shake a leg."
* The only major writer since Homer that I've read just in translation. A serious gap for a Comp Lit student: the head of Comp Lit at UCal Berkeley, Blake Spahr, asked me why I took Russian instead of German. Oh, Pushkin, Chekhov, Tolstoy, Griboyedev, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Bunin...
** Pirandello says seeing a play one cannot judge it, becuase so many others have a hand in a given production. See my Review of Sei Personaggi. But I surely feel I can judge Galileo having seen it at the Schubert.
December 19, 2015
賳賲丕賷卮賳丕賲賴 丕賷 丕夭 亘乇卮鬲 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕賳爻丕賳.丿乇 丕賷賳 賳賲丕賷卮賳丕賲賴 亘乇卮鬲 亘丕夭(賴賲丕賳賳丿 夭賳丿诏賷 诏丕賱賷賱賴) 丕賷賳 賲賮賴賵賲 乇丕 鬲賲 丕氐賱賷 賯乇丕乇 丿丕丿賴 丕爻鬲:丕賳爻丕賳 禺賵丿卮 賲爻卅賵賱 鬲毓賷賷賳 爻乇賳賵卮鬲 禺賵賷卮 丕爻鬲.丕賲丕 趩诏賵賳賴責
賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 爻賴 賮乇夭賳丿 丿丕乇丿 賵 賷賰 诏丕乇賷 賰賴 賰丕爻亘賷 丕賵 丕爻鬲.丿乇 亘丨亘賵丨賴 賷 噩賳诏貙丕賵 賴賲 賲賷 禺賵丕賴丿 丕夭 丌亘 诏賱 丌賱賵丿 賲丕賴賷 亘诏賷乇丿 賵 亘丕夭丕乇 爻賷丕賴 乇丕賴 丕賳丿丕禺鬲賴 丕爻鬲.
爻賴 賮乇夭賳丿 賷丕亘賵 丿丕乇丿 賰賴 亘賴 賳丨賵賷 賯乇亘丕賳賷 夭賷丕丿賴 禺賵丕賴賷 賴丕賷 丿賱丕賵乇 賲賷 卮賵賳丿.
賴乇亘丕乇 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賲賷 鬲賵丕賳丿 丿爻鬲 丕夭 卮睾賱 禺賵丿 亘賰卮丿 賵 噩賱賵賷 夭賷丕賳 亘賷卮 鬲乇 乇丕 亘诏賷乇丿 丕賲丕 毓胤卮 賰爻亘 倬賵賱 亘賷卮 鬲乇 賵 鬲乇爻 丕夭 賮賱丕賰鬲 賵 賮賯乇 乇丕賴 乇丕 亘乇 丕賵 爻丿 賲賷 賰賳丿.丌禺乇 賲賷 鬲乇爻丿 氐賱丨 亘乇賯乇丕乇 卮賵丿 賵 賰丕爻亘賷卮 丕夭 乇賵賳賯 亘丕夭亘賲丕賳丿.
丕賲丕 賳賲丕賷卮賳丕賲賴 噩丿丕賷 丕夭 丕賷賳貙丕夭 倬賱賷丿賷 賴丕貙丌孬丕乇 賲賳賮賷 賵 禺爻丕乇鬲 賴丕賷 噩賳诏 賲賷 诏賵賷丿貨睾丕乇鬲貙趩倬丕賵賱 賵 鬲噩丕賵夭.
賳賮賷 倬賷丕賲丿賴丕賷 賲賳賮賷 噩賳诏 亘賴 賯丿乇賷 鬲賰丕賳 丿賴賳丿賴 丕爻鬲 賰賴 亘爻賷丕乇賷 毓賯賷丿賴 丿丕乇賳丿 亘夭乇诏 鬲乇賷賳 賳賲丕賷卮賳丕賲賴 賷 囟丿 噩賳诏 賲賷 亘丕卮丿.
賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 爻賴 賮乇夭賳丿 丿丕乇丿 賵 賷賰 诏丕乇賷 賰賴 賰丕爻亘賷 丕賵 丕爻鬲.丿乇 亘丨亘賵丨賴 賷 噩賳诏貙丕賵 賴賲 賲賷 禺賵丕賴丿 丕夭 丌亘 诏賱 丌賱賵丿 賲丕賴賷 亘诏賷乇丿 賵 亘丕夭丕乇 爻賷丕賴 乇丕賴 丕賳丿丕禺鬲賴 丕爻鬲.
爻賴 賮乇夭賳丿 賷丕亘賵 丿丕乇丿 賰賴 亘賴 賳丨賵賷 賯乇亘丕賳賷 夭賷丕丿賴 禺賵丕賴賷 賴丕賷 丿賱丕賵乇 賲賷 卮賵賳丿.
賴乇亘丕乇 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 賲賷 鬲賵丕賳丿 丿爻鬲 丕夭 卮睾賱 禺賵丿 亘賰卮丿 賵 噩賱賵賷 夭賷丕賳 亘賷卮 鬲乇 乇丕 亘诏賷乇丿 丕賲丕 毓胤卮 賰爻亘 倬賵賱 亘賷卮 鬲乇 賵 鬲乇爻 丕夭 賮賱丕賰鬲 賵 賮賯乇 乇丕賴 乇丕 亘乇 丕賵 爻丿 賲賷 賰賳丿.丌禺乇 賲賷 鬲乇爻丿 氐賱丨 亘乇賯乇丕乇 卮賵丿 賵 賰丕爻亘賷卮 丕夭 乇賵賳賯 亘丕夭亘賲丕賳丿.
丕賲丕 賳賲丕賷卮賳丕賲賴 噩丿丕賷 丕夭 丕賷賳貙丕夭 倬賱賷丿賷 賴丕貙丌孬丕乇 賲賳賮賷 賵 禺爻丕乇鬲 賴丕賷 噩賳诏 賲賷 诏賵賷丿貨睾丕乇鬲貙趩倬丕賵賱 賵 鬲噩丕賵夭.
賳賮賷 倬賷丕賲丿賴丕賷 賲賳賮賷 噩賳诏 亘賴 賯丿乇賷 鬲賰丕賳 丿賴賳丿賴 丕爻鬲 賰賴 亘爻賷丕乇賷 毓賯賷丿賴 丿丕乇賳丿 亘夭乇诏 鬲乇賷賳 賳賲丕賷卮賳丕賲賴 賷 囟丿 噩賳诏 賲賷 亘丕卮丿.
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October 29, 2022Thought to myself 鈥榙amn, there really is something to this distancing effect, this Brechtian alienation. I am completely alienated from this play. It's actually very disorienting and confusing. What's the use of this?鈥� Then realized I had navigated to the wrong part of the ebook, skipping completely over the play itself to an appendix that consisted only of lines that had been significantly altered between productions of the play.
Didn't particularly care for the play but maybe it's one of those things that's better seen than read.
Didn't particularly care for the play but maybe it's one of those things that's better seen than read.
June 30, 2022
3.5 stars
Still a very relevant play about war and our sometimes indirect contribution to it. Even though Brecht鈥檚 idea of Mutter Courage is that of a character that the reader shouldn鈥檛 empathise with, but rather carefully observe in order to notice her involvement in the ongoing war and the way she profits off of it, he himself admitted that most people probably won鈥檛 grasp what he was going for.
Even though I can鈥檛 say I liked Mutter Courage as a character (which wasn鈥檛 the point anyway), I understood her situation and to me at least it didn鈥檛 feel so much as if she wanted to make a profit no matter the costs, but more like she tried to provide for herself and her family by making the best out of a bad situation.
One critic mentioned that the viewer doesn鈥檛 get any idealised version of reality, there is no point throughout the play that one gets the feeling of a shift, of abandoning or destroying one reality in the hope of a better one. The only reality is the one provided by the Thirty Years鈥� war and none of the characters try to search for a better one.
From this perspective I guess that the play is quite grim, especially reflecting on the ending and what Courage loses and 鈥渨ins鈥� during the war. While not a likeable character, I don鈥檛 think one should approach the play only with the brechtian interpretation in mind- yes, Mutter Courage profits off of war, but in the end war doesn鈥檛 seem to be as profitable as she first had in mind.
Still a very relevant play about war and our sometimes indirect contribution to it. Even though Brecht鈥檚 idea of Mutter Courage is that of a character that the reader shouldn鈥檛 empathise with, but rather carefully observe in order to notice her involvement in the ongoing war and the way she profits off of it, he himself admitted that most people probably won鈥檛 grasp what he was going for.
Even though I can鈥檛 say I liked Mutter Courage as a character (which wasn鈥檛 the point anyway), I understood her situation and to me at least it didn鈥檛 feel so much as if she wanted to make a profit no matter the costs, but more like she tried to provide for herself and her family by making the best out of a bad situation.
One critic mentioned that the viewer doesn鈥檛 get any idealised version of reality, there is no point throughout the play that one gets the feeling of a shift, of abandoning or destroying one reality in the hope of a better one. The only reality is the one provided by the Thirty Years鈥� war and none of the characters try to search for a better one.
From this perspective I guess that the play is quite grim, especially reflecting on the ending and what Courage loses and 鈥渨ins鈥� during the war. While not a likeable character, I don鈥檛 think one should approach the play only with the brechtian interpretation in mind- yes, Mutter Courage profits off of war, but in the end war doesn鈥檛 seem to be as profitable as she first had in mind.
August 10, 2021
鈥濨ertolt Brechts 1941 uraufgef眉hrtes St眉ck "Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder" ist nicht nur ein Abi-Klassiker, sondern auch eines der zentralsten Anti-Kriegs-Theaterst眉cke der letzten hundert Jahre.
Mutter Courage, die mit ihren Kindern durch den 30-J盲hrigen Krieg zieht und die imperialistischen Kriege der Gegenwart meint, versucht wie Alle am Krieg zu verdienen und muss mit dem Verlust ihrer Kinder lernen, dass vom Krieg nur die Herrschenden profitieren. Als zentrales St眉ck des epischen Theaters enttarnt es dabei auch die L眉gen, unter denen Kriege gef眉hrt werden: es geht nicht um Religion, nicht um Menschenrechte, es geht um Profit.
Dabei verf盲llt Brecht aber nicht ins Phrasengedresche und das Herunterleiern tagespolitischer Parolen, sondern macht trotz allem hohe Kunst.鈥�
Mutter Courage, die mit ihren Kindern durch den 30-J盲hrigen Krieg zieht und die imperialistischen Kriege der Gegenwart meint, versucht wie Alle am Krieg zu verdienen und muss mit dem Verlust ihrer Kinder lernen, dass vom Krieg nur die Herrschenden profitieren. Als zentrales St眉ck des epischen Theaters enttarnt es dabei auch die L眉gen, unter denen Kriege gef眉hrt werden: es geht nicht um Religion, nicht um Menschenrechte, es geht um Profit.
Dabei verf盲llt Brecht aber nicht ins Phrasengedresche und das Herunterleiern tagespolitischer Parolen, sondern macht trotz allem hohe Kunst.鈥�
December 25, 2015
A book I had to read for school, but by the time I realized it was due on Monday, it was Sunday evening and I couldn't find the book anywhere so I found it in on the Internet in English. Interesting experience.
The book itself was also engaging because of its simple yet interesting writing. I especially liked the inserted songs, so different from the typical choir in the famed antique works.
The book itself was also engaging because of its simple yet interesting writing. I especially liked the inserted songs, so different from the typical choir in the famed antique works.
October 8, 2013
丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘 乇丕 賴賲 亘賴 賴賲乇丕賴 芦丕賳丿賵賴 毓蹖爻蹖禄 亘乇丕蹖 賮賴賲 鬲卅丕鬲乇 芦賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇貙 亘蹖乇賵賳 倬卮鬲 丿乇禄 (亘賴 讴丕乇诏乇丿丕賳蹖 爻噩丕丿 丕賮卮丕乇蹖丕賳) 诏乇賮鬲賲. 賳丕禺賵丿丌诏丕賴 賲丿丕賲 丿乇 匕賴賳賲 亘蹖賳 丌賳 丕噩乇丕 賵 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 丿賳亘丕賱 卮亘丕賴鬲 賲蹖 诏卮鬲賲. 賵 亘丕 鬲賵噩賴 亘賴 賮囟丕蹖 賳爻亘鬲賳 讴賲蹖讴 賳賲丕蹖卮貙 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 丿丕卮鬲賲 丕蹖賳 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 賴賲 胤賳夭 亘丕卮丿. 丕賲丕 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇貙 胤賳夭 賳蹖爻鬲 诏乇趩賴 胤賳夭 賲蹖 丌賮乇蹖賳丿. 賲賵賯毓蹖鬲貙 讴丕賲賱賳 噩丿蹖 丕爻鬲. 噩賳诏 丕爻鬲 賵 賲乇诏貙 爻乇亘丕夭诏蹖乇蹖 丕爻鬲 賵 亘蹖 乇丨賲蹖貙 丕毓丿丕賲 丕爻鬲 賵 亘丕噩 禺賵丕賴蹖. 丕賲丕 賵賯鬲蹖 卮禺氐蹖鬲 賴丕蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮貙 丌賳 賯丿乇 亘丕 噩賳诏 禺賵 诏乇賮鬲賴 丕賳丿 讴賴 亘賴 乇丕丨鬲蹖 亘丕 丌賳 讴賳丕乇 丌賲丿賴 賵 亘賴 爻丕丿诏蹖 丕夭 賲氐丕卅亘 丌賳 爻禺賳 賲蹖 诏賵蹖賳丿貙 丕蹖賳 噩丕爻鬲 讴賴 胤賳夭 卮讴賱 賲蹖 诏蹖乇丿. 胤賳夭蹖 鬲賱禺 讴賴 亘丕 賴賲賴 蹖 亘丕乇 賮丕噩毓賴 丌賲蹖夭卮貙 丕賳爻丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 禺賳丿賴 賲蹖 丕賳丿丕夭丿. 賵 賲丕 賳賳賴 丿賱丕賵乇 乇丕 賲蹖 亘蹖賳蹖賲 讴賴 丨蹖丕鬲蹖 賵丕亘爻鬲賴 亘賴 噩賳诏 倬蹖丿丕 讴乇丿賴 賵 噩賳诏 賴賲 亘乇丕蹖卮 禺賵亘 丕爻鬲 賵 賴賲 亘丿. 賴賲 丌乇夭賵 賲蹖 讴賳丿 噩賳诏 亘丕卮丿 賵 賴賲 丿賵爻鬲 丿丕乇丿 噩賳诏 倬丕蹖丕賳 蹖丕亘丿.
丕賲丕 賲胤賲卅賳賳 賴蹖趩 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮貙 賲丕賳賳丿 芦讴丕鬲乇蹖賳禄 賳禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿. 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 賱丕賱 讴賴 鬲丕 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳賲丕蹖卮貙 賴蹖趩 丿蹖丕賱賵诏蹖 賳丿丕乇丿 丕賲丕 賲賵孬乇鬲乇蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丕爻鬲 亘賴 賳馗乇 賲賳 賵 倬丕蹖丕賳 亘賳丿蹖 夭蹖亘丕蹖 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 乇丕 禺賱賯 賲蹖 讴賳丿.
賳讴鬲賴 蹖 賲賴賲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 丕卮毓丕乇 丌賳 亘賴 賳馗賲 賮丕乇爻蹖 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇貙 亘乇 禺賱丕賮 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 鬲乇噩賲賴 賴丕蹖 賲賳馗賵賲 賮丕乇爻蹖貙 讴丕乇 禺賵亘蹖 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 丕賳爻丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 禺賵亘蹖 亘丕 禺賵丿 賴賲乇丕賴 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 賵賱蹖 亘丕 丕蹖賳 讴賴 賲鬲乇噩賲 丿乇 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 亘賴 賳馗乇 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賵賮賯 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 禺賵亘 讴丕乇 讴乇丿賴貙 丿乇 賲鬲賳 胤賵賱丕賳蹖 倬丕蹖丕賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 讴賴 卮乇丨 賵 亘爻胤 賵 賳讴鬲賴 蹖丕亘蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 丕爻鬲貙 夭蹖丕丿賴 诏賵蹖蹖 讴乇丿賴 賵 賲鬲賳蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 讴賴 亘丕 賵噩賵丿 賴賲賴 蹖 賳讴鬲賴 賴丕蹖 賲孬亘鬲卮 (丕夭 噩賲賱賴 卮乇丨 丕蹖賳 诏夭丕乇賴: 芦丿乇 蹖讴 賲賲賱讴鬲 賲賳馗賲貙 亘丕 亘賵丿賳 乇賴亘乇丕賳 賱丕蹖賯貙 丕氐賱賳 丿丕卮鬲賳 賮囟蹖賱鬲 賴丕蹖 亘夭乇诏 賱丕夭賲 賳蹖爻鬲. 毓賯賱 賲鬲賵爻胤 賲乇丿賲 亘爻 丕爻鬲.禄)貙 賲賱丕賱 丌賵乇 丕爻鬲.
丕賲丕 賲胤賲卅賳賳 賴蹖趩 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 丿乇 賳賲丕蹖卮貙 賲丕賳賳丿 芦讴丕鬲乇蹖賳禄 賳禺賵丕賴丿 亘賵丿. 卮禺氐蹖鬲蹖 賱丕賱 讴賴 鬲丕 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳賲丕蹖卮貙 賴蹖趩 丿蹖丕賱賵诏蹖 賳丿丕乇丿 丕賲丕 賲賵孬乇鬲乇蹖賳 卮禺氐蹖鬲 丕爻鬲 亘賴 賳馗乇 賲賳 賵 倬丕蹖丕賳 亘賳丿蹖 夭蹖亘丕蹖 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 乇丕 禺賱賯 賲蹖 讴賳丿.
賳讴鬲賴 蹖 賲賴賲 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 丕卮毓丕乇 丌賳 亘賴 賳馗賲 賮丕乇爻蹖 丕爻鬲. 丕蹖賳 讴丕乇貙 亘乇 禺賱丕賮 亘爻蹖丕乇蹖 丕夭 鬲乇噩賲賴 賴丕蹖 賲賳馗賵賲 賮丕乇爻蹖貙 讴丕乇 禺賵亘蹖 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 丕賳爻丕賳 乇丕 亘賴 禺賵亘蹖 亘丕 禺賵丿 賴賲乇丕賴 賲蹖 讴賳丿. 賵賱蹖 亘丕 丕蹖賳 讴賴 賲鬲乇噩賲 丿乇 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 亘賴 賳馗乇 亘爻蹖丕乇 賲賵賮賯 亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲 賵 禺賵亘 讴丕乇 讴乇丿賴貙 丿乇 賲鬲賳 胤賵賱丕賳蹖 倬丕蹖丕賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 讴賴 卮乇丨 賵 亘爻胤 賵 賳讴鬲賴 蹖丕亘蹖 賳賲丕蹖卮賳丕賲赖 丕爻鬲貙 夭蹖丕丿賴 诏賵蹖蹖 讴乇丿賴 賵 賲鬲賳蹖 賳賵卮鬲賴 讴賴 亘丕 賵噩賵丿 賴賲賴 蹖 賳讴鬲賴 賴丕蹖 賲孬亘鬲卮 (丕夭 噩賲賱賴 卮乇丨 丕蹖賳 诏夭丕乇賴: 芦丿乇 蹖讴 賲賲賱讴鬲 賲賳馗賲貙 亘丕 亘賵丿賳 乇賴亘乇丕賳 賱丕蹖賯貙 丕氐賱賳 丿丕卮鬲賳 賮囟蹖賱鬲 賴丕蹖 亘夭乇诏 賱丕夭賲 賳蹖爻鬲. 毓賯賱 賲鬲賵爻胤 賲乇丿賲 亘爻 丕爻鬲.禄)貙 賲賱丕賱 丌賵乇 丕爻鬲.
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