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Adams 101
مباد� علم النفس - حقائق وأساسيات وإحصاءات واختبارات: 101 علم النفس والمزيد!�
غالبًا ما تعرض الكتب النظريات والقواعد والتجارب القيمة لعبم النفس بطريقة مملة، وهذه الكتب ما كان فرويد نفسه ليقبل على قراءتها، ولكن الكتاب الذي بين يديك قد نأى بنفسه عن هذا العرض الممل، معرضا عن التفاصيل والاحصائيات المملة، وقدم الكي درسا في علم النفس يجذب اهتمامك.
304 pages, Paperback
First published August 1, 2012
3,033 people are currently reading
8,045 people want to read
About the author
Paul Kleinman
16books66followersPaul Kleinman grew up in White Plains, New York, and currently resides in New York City. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 2009 with degrees in Art and Communication Arts: Radio, Television and Film. Out of fear that his author bio is painfully boring, he began making things up. He is an astronaut. He trains cobras. He is very tall and in no way sickly pale. He is also a humor writer. That one is true. Maybe.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 354 reviews
August 5, 2013
Psychology has always been something I devoured! When I was in high school, I have always been intrigued by the brain, behavior, and how it all plays out. I don’t mind reading the textbook versions of psychology, but it would help if they made it more interesting for the students/readers.
That’s what Psych101: A Crash Course in the Science of the Mind does. It breaks down all the Psychologists that have made the theories and/or tests that have proven and made Psychology what it is today.
Although Sigmund Freud is probably the most well known psychologist to date, there are tons more. Without these people we wouldn’t know about dreams, reactions, or mental illnesses. I have written extensive notes on all of these psychologists- yet never comprehended as much as I did just reading this book.
As humans, we tend to learn more when it’s in the form of entertainment or lightly written. Textbooks have very small letters, which make it hard to concentrate and read more than a few chapters at a time. They are hard to curl up with and get cozy. This book is very small, fits in my hands and is an amazing read.
It’s more an interesting “here’s this and this is how and why it came along.� He gets straight to the point. I think for most people the reason textbook writing is so hard to comprehend is because they beat around the bush. They make the chapters with less detail, yet more “factual� which is harder to understand for normal readers.
It doesn’t start from the discovery and Psychology and go from there. It jumps around without any significant reason, but that’s what makes it interesting and so fun to read. It doesn’t overwhelm you with just the facts.
It feels like talking to a friend in a way. It’s put in a “perspective� that if someone were telling you firsthand about the tests, psychologists, and hypothesis of behavior. If you’re interested in why people do the things they do, you’ll love this book!
Excerpt from the book: Oral Stage (birth-18 months) "In this stage, a child focuses on oral pleasure like sucking because they create a sense of comfort and trust. If there is too little or too much gratification in this stage, the child will develop an oral personality or oral fixation and become preoccupied with oral behaviors. According to Freud, people with this type of personality are more likely to bite their nails, smoke, drink, or overeat, and will be gullible, depend on other people, and will always be followers�
Facts like this interest me, so naturally I love the entire book. There is cool facts like this throughout the entire book. There is a wide range of topics, and I’m sure that even someone who wouldn’t otherwise be interested—would love this book.
Here are some random topics that the book covers:
Dreams
Hypnosis
Leadership theories
Theories of Intelligence
Memory
Bystander effect
Conformity
Left and Right Brained
The book is completely thorough on it’s biographies of the Psychologists. I love learning about the history of people and what drove them into their chosen careers.
That’s what Psych101: A Crash Course in the Science of the Mind does. It breaks down all the Psychologists that have made the theories and/or tests that have proven and made Psychology what it is today.
Although Sigmund Freud is probably the most well known psychologist to date, there are tons more. Without these people we wouldn’t know about dreams, reactions, or mental illnesses. I have written extensive notes on all of these psychologists- yet never comprehended as much as I did just reading this book.
As humans, we tend to learn more when it’s in the form of entertainment or lightly written. Textbooks have very small letters, which make it hard to concentrate and read more than a few chapters at a time. They are hard to curl up with and get cozy. This book is very small, fits in my hands and is an amazing read.
It’s more an interesting “here’s this and this is how and why it came along.� He gets straight to the point. I think for most people the reason textbook writing is so hard to comprehend is because they beat around the bush. They make the chapters with less detail, yet more “factual� which is harder to understand for normal readers.
It doesn’t start from the discovery and Psychology and go from there. It jumps around without any significant reason, but that’s what makes it interesting and so fun to read. It doesn’t overwhelm you with just the facts.
It feels like talking to a friend in a way. It’s put in a “perspective� that if someone were telling you firsthand about the tests, psychologists, and hypothesis of behavior. If you’re interested in why people do the things they do, you’ll love this book!
Excerpt from the book: Oral Stage (birth-18 months) "In this stage, a child focuses on oral pleasure like sucking because they create a sense of comfort and trust. If there is too little or too much gratification in this stage, the child will develop an oral personality or oral fixation and become preoccupied with oral behaviors. According to Freud, people with this type of personality are more likely to bite their nails, smoke, drink, or overeat, and will be gullible, depend on other people, and will always be followers�
Facts like this interest me, so naturally I love the entire book. There is cool facts like this throughout the entire book. There is a wide range of topics, and I’m sure that even someone who wouldn’t otherwise be interested—would love this book.
Here are some random topics that the book covers:
Dreams
Hypnosis
Leadership theories
Theories of Intelligence
Memory
Bystander effect
Conformity
Left and Right Brained
The book is completely thorough on it’s biographies of the Psychologists. I love learning about the history of people and what drove them into their chosen careers.
January 30, 2020
(Bir yıldır derinlemesine psikoloji okumaya başlayacağım. Ha başladım, ha başlayacam. Ama bir türlü girişemiyorum. Kafam basmaz diye de bir korkum/önyargım var. Okumadıkça yeni kitaplar alıp duruyorum konuyla ilgili. Masamdaki psikoloji kitap sayısı 10’u buldu. Freud’den Adler’e, Jung’dan Horney’e, Yalom’a. Allahtan Fromm’un baskısı yok. :)) Yoksa okuyamadıkça almaya devam... )
Neyse ki sonunda Psiko 101 ile genel bir giriş yapmayı başardım, büyük aydınlanmalar yaşadım, ufkum genişledi, sürecin bütününe -uzaktan da olsa- bir bakma fırsatı yakaladım. Mevzu çok meşakkatli -haliyle- kitap da geneli kapsadığından konular derinleşmiyor. Ama başlangıç seviyesi için tatmin edici.
İnsan zihni ve ruhuyla ilgili konular, kavramlar, çalışan önemli kişilerin hayatları ve çalışmaları, mühim deneyler/testler, hastalıklar semptomları & tedavileri kısaca psikolojiyle ilgili geniş bir yelpaze. Notlarımın bir kısmını derledim:
Wilhelm Wundt: 1879 yılında tamamen psikoloji çalışmalarına adanmış ilk psikoloji labını kuruyor, modern psikoloji çalışmalarının başlangıcı.
Pavlov: Köpeklerini hatırlarsınız.
Freud: Psikanalizin Babası. Bu dünyaya büyük katkıları olanların hepsinin çıkış noktası kendisi. Bu durum da ne kadar mühim biri olduğunun bir başka göstergesi.
Anna Freud (babasının kızı): Çocuk psikanalizinin kurucusu (annesi diyebilir miyim?)
Stanley Milgram: “İtaat Deneyi� çarpıcı!! Dikta rejimlerinin faşizan eylemlerini çılıyor. Uygulayanların da hangi sebeplerle bunlara alet oldukları.
Alfred Adler: Freud’dan ayrışıyor. Deneyim, çevresel ve toplumsal faktörleri de işin içine katmış. “Her insan eşsiz. Bunun için genel geçer kuramlar herkese uygulanamaz.� diyor. Yaşasın Bireysel Psikoloji! (ben baya sevdim Adler’i)
Philip Zimbardo: “Stanford Hapisane Deneyi� bu da çok etkileyici! Zor şartlar altında insanların, insanlıktan nasıl/ne kadar çıktığını gösteriyor. Etik bulunmadığından tekrarlanmamış.
(araya giriyorum) Bu şekilde etik bulunmayan başka deneyler de var. Sonuçları en çarpıcı olan, insan ruhunun dehlizlerine dair en iyi yol gösterici olanların bu deneyler olduğunu düşünüyorum. Hepsini de dudaklarımı ısıra ısıra okudum. Daha da yükselmeden konuyu burada kapatıyorum.
Solomon Asch: “Uyum deneyi“nde Asch katılımcıların %75’i en az bir kez grubun çoğunluğu tarafından verilen ve yanlış olduğu çı bir şekilde ortada olan yanlış cevaba uyduğunu tespit etmiştir. (69) Peki neden? “İnsanlar ya gruba uymak, orda kendine bir yer bulmak için ya da grubun daha fazla bilgili ve olayı kendilerinden daha iyi anladıklarına inandıkları için uyum gösterirler.� (70)
Hermann Rorschach: Mürekkep kart olayını bu abi bulmuş.
(kitabın ortasına kartlar mevcut, renki basmışlar hem de) Kitapta bu testin kartları tek tek anlatılmış. Hayret uyandırıcı bir çalışma. Bölümü okumadan önce kartlarla ilgili gördüklerinizi bir kağıda yazıp karşılaştırabilirsiniz.
Bilişsel Psikoloji: Kafanda gerçekte nelerin döndüğünü anlamak. (99-107)
- Dikkat
- Problem Çözümü
- Bellek
Bilişsel Uyumsuzluk Kuramı: Eğer bir kişi eşzamanlı düşüncelerden ortaya çıkan çatışmadan dolayı bir rahatsızlık hissine sahipse, buna bilişsel uyumsuzluk denir. (109) “Can Sıkıcı ve Bilişsel Uyumsuzluk Deneyi� (110-113)
Kısaca: Gruba bir iş veriliyor ama fena sıkıcı. 3 grup var. İlkini işten hemen sonra gönderiyorlar. İkinci gruba 1 dolar, üçüncü gruba 20 dolar veriyorlar. 1 dolar verilenler daha az sıkıcı buluyorlar işi. 20 dolar verilen sıkıldım ama en azından karşılığını aldım modunda. 1 dolarcılar için: “Katılımcılar deneyin gerçekten de eğlenceli olduğu düşüncesiyle davranışlarını içselleştirme ve rasyonelleştirmeye başlamıştı; çünkü başka hiçbir gerekçeleri yoktu.� (112)
Harry Harlow: Al Yanaklı Maymun Deneyi 😍😍😍😍😍
Deneyimizde kablo anne ile kumaş anneler mevcut. Ama yavrular vakitlerini genellikle kumaş anne ile geçiriyorlar. Onla duygusal bağ kurabiliyorlarmış. Bir kriz anında kumaş anne koşmuş imdatlarına (videoda da var) Kablo anne ile büyüyen maymunlar sevgi eksikliği tahribatını yaşamışlar. 6 aydan fazla bu eksikliği çekenlerde onarılmaz sorunlar oluşmuş. Videosu:
Vay be! Siz bakmayın Maslow’a! Sevgi su kadar, hava kadar önemli bir ihtiyaç! Kendisi de geldi:
Abraham Maslow: Hümanist psikolojinin kurucu lideri. İhtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi herkesin malumu� (Hiyerarşisine şerhim hemen yukarıda.)
Zekâ Kuramı: Düşünce hakkında düşünmek. (143-147)
Carl Jung: Arketipleri�
Aşk (sevgi?): Kalbini dinlemek. Aşkı çılayan çeşitli kuramlar�
Karen Horney: Psikoloji dünyasında çok önemli bir addır. Onun kişiler arası ilişkilerin üstesinden gelme yolu olarak nevrozları ele alışı ve nevrotik ihtiyaçlar konusundaki tanımlamaları, son derece yeni ve sarsıcı olmuştur. (188)
Duygu: Neden böyle hissederiz?
ş: Seni sen yapan nedir?
Cattell’in 16 ş Faktörünü tuttum.
üⲹ: Işıklar söndükten sonra neler oluyor?
Bilimsel rüya tabirleri.
Bilişsel Terapi
Erich Fromm: Fromm’a göre hayvan ihtiyaçları temel fizyolojik ihtiyaçlardır, insan ihtiyaçlarıysa insanların varoluşuna cevap bulmasına yardım eden şeyler olup doğal dünya ile yeniden birleşme arzusuna işaret eder.
Erich Fromm, yirminci yüzyılın en önemli ve etkili psikologlarından biri olarak kabul edilmiştir. Hümanist psikolojide anahtar bir rol oynamıştır ve insan olmayı bir çelişki olarak görmüştür. Fromm’a göre, hayat hem doğanın bir parçası olma hem de ondan ayrı olma isteğidir. Özgürlük ise aslında insanların aktif olarak kaçındığı bir şeydir. (261-2)
Rosenhan Deneyi: Kral Çıplak! DSM-II varmış o zaman, bugün DSM-IV kullanılıyormuş. Umarım hala o kadar çıplak değildir.
Çeşitli Ruhsal Sorunlar
Dissosiyatif Rahatsızlıklar, anksiyete bozuklukları, duygudurum bozuklukları, somatoform rahatsızlıklar (çok fena dertler, evlerden ırak)
İki tanesini aldım:
Dissoyatif Kimlik Bozukluğu: Kişinin farklı kişiliklerinin ortaya çıkması %50’nin 11’den fazla.
Konversiyon Bozukluğu: Genellikle stresli ya da travmatik bir olayın yaşanmasından sonra ortaya çıkar ve istemli motor ve duyu fonksiyonları üzerinde etkili olur. En yaygın belirtileri felç, uyuşukluk, konuşamama ve körlük. Attan düşen bir adamın, bacağı fiziksel hiçbir rahatsızlık olmamasına rağmen bacak felci yaşamaması konversiyon bozukluğuna örnek olabilir. Birçokları, konversiyon bozukluğuna örnek olabilir. Birçokları konversiyon bozuklularındaki fiziksel semptomların kişinin kendi içindeki çatışmayı çözme girişimleri olduğuna inanır. (310)
Stres
Modern Çağın Hastalığı Stres! Gördüğüm kadarıyla stresin kendisi günümüze dair bir durum değil. Hatta insanlıktan eski bir olay. (farelerle yapılan deneylerde bulunuyor buradan bu çıkarımı yapabiliriz) Canlının bir sorunla karşılaştığında baş etmek amacıyla duruma reaksiyonu bu şekilde. “Dövüş ya da kaç� prensibi. Tabii bu prensibi hayata geçirebilmek için bir miktar desteğe ihtiyaç var. Bunu da vücut sağlıyor hormonlar yardımıyla. Yani sıkıntılı bir durumla karşılaşınca binlerce yıldır olduğu gibi davranıyor vücut, ama biz onun bu yardımını, böyle bir gücü olumlu kullanma kabiliyetinden yoksun olabiliyoruz. Olay bu:
Kontrolsüz güç, güç değildir!
Yeterince aydınlandığmızı, ışıltımı paylaşabildiğimi düşünüyorum. Kitap arka kapağındaki “Sıkıcı detayları ve istatistikleri ayıklayıp onun yerine size, ilginizi çekip meşgul edecek ve merak uyandıracak psikoloji dersleri veriyor.� vaadini benim için yerine getirmiş bulunmakta, benim gibi aranıp duranlara (durdukça eli ayağı titreyip kuduranlara) başlangıç için önerebilirim.
Giriş olarak bu kitaba baktıktan sonra, diyelim ki dizginlenemeyen bir arzuyla yanıp tutuşmaya başladınız, naçizane:
Kurtlarla Koşan Kadınlar
İnsan Olmak
İnsanın Anlam Arayışı
Neyse ki sonunda Psiko 101 ile genel bir giriş yapmayı başardım, büyük aydınlanmalar yaşadım, ufkum genişledi, sürecin bütününe -uzaktan da olsa- bir bakma fırsatı yakaladım. Mevzu çok meşakkatli -haliyle- kitap da geneli kapsadığından konular derinleşmiyor. Ama başlangıç seviyesi için tatmin edici.
İnsan zihni ve ruhuyla ilgili konular, kavramlar, çalışan önemli kişilerin hayatları ve çalışmaları, mühim deneyler/testler, hastalıklar semptomları & tedavileri kısaca psikolojiyle ilgili geniş bir yelpaze. Notlarımın bir kısmını derledim:
Wilhelm Wundt: 1879 yılında tamamen psikoloji çalışmalarına adanmış ilk psikoloji labını kuruyor, modern psikoloji çalışmalarının başlangıcı.
Pavlov: Köpeklerini hatırlarsınız.
Freud: Psikanalizin Babası. Bu dünyaya büyük katkıları olanların hepsinin çıkış noktası kendisi. Bu durum da ne kadar mühim biri olduğunun bir başka göstergesi.
Anna Freud (babasının kızı): Çocuk psikanalizinin kurucusu (annesi diyebilir miyim?)
Stanley Milgram: “İtaat Deneyi� çarpıcı!! Dikta rejimlerinin faşizan eylemlerini çılıyor. Uygulayanların da hangi sebeplerle bunlara alet oldukları.
Alfred Adler: Freud’dan ayrışıyor. Deneyim, çevresel ve toplumsal faktörleri de işin içine katmış. “Her insan eşsiz. Bunun için genel geçer kuramlar herkese uygulanamaz.� diyor. Yaşasın Bireysel Psikoloji! (ben baya sevdim Adler’i)
Philip Zimbardo: “Stanford Hapisane Deneyi� bu da çok etkileyici! Zor şartlar altında insanların, insanlıktan nasıl/ne kadar çıktığını gösteriyor. Etik bulunmadığından tekrarlanmamış.
(araya giriyorum) Bu şekilde etik bulunmayan başka deneyler de var. Sonuçları en çarpıcı olan, insan ruhunun dehlizlerine dair en iyi yol gösterici olanların bu deneyler olduğunu düşünüyorum. Hepsini de dudaklarımı ısıra ısıra okudum. Daha da yükselmeden konuyu burada kapatıyorum.
Solomon Asch: “Uyum deneyi“nde Asch katılımcıların %75’i en az bir kez grubun çoğunluğu tarafından verilen ve yanlış olduğu çı bir şekilde ortada olan yanlış cevaba uyduğunu tespit etmiştir. (69) Peki neden? “İnsanlar ya gruba uymak, orda kendine bir yer bulmak için ya da grubun daha fazla bilgili ve olayı kendilerinden daha iyi anladıklarına inandıkları için uyum gösterirler.� (70)
Hermann Rorschach: Mürekkep kart olayını bu abi bulmuş.
(kitabın ortasına kartlar mevcut, renki basmışlar hem de) Kitapta bu testin kartları tek tek anlatılmış. Hayret uyandırıcı bir çalışma. Bölümü okumadan önce kartlarla ilgili gördüklerinizi bir kağıda yazıp karşılaştırabilirsiniz.
Bilişsel Psikoloji: Kafanda gerçekte nelerin döndüğünü anlamak. (99-107)
- Dikkat
- Problem Çözümü
- Bellek
Bilişsel Uyumsuzluk Kuramı: Eğer bir kişi eşzamanlı düşüncelerden ortaya çıkan çatışmadan dolayı bir rahatsızlık hissine sahipse, buna bilişsel uyumsuzluk denir. (109) “Can Sıkıcı ve Bilişsel Uyumsuzluk Deneyi� (110-113)
ÇOK İLGİNÇ BİR DENEY DAHA! 👏👏👏👏
Kısaca: Gruba bir iş veriliyor ama fena sıkıcı. 3 grup var. İlkini işten hemen sonra gönderiyorlar. İkinci gruba 1 dolar, üçüncü gruba 20 dolar veriyorlar. 1 dolar verilenler daha az sıkıcı buluyorlar işi. 20 dolar verilen sıkıldım ama en azından karşılığını aldım modunda. 1 dolarcılar için: “Katılımcılar deneyin gerçekten de eğlenceli olduğu düşüncesiyle davranışlarını içselleştirme ve rasyonelleştirmeye başlamıştı; çünkü başka hiçbir gerekçeleri yoktu.� (112)
Harry Harlow: Al Yanaklı Maymun Deneyi 😍😍😍😍😍
Deneyimizde kablo anne ile kumaş anneler mevcut. Ama yavrular vakitlerini genellikle kumaş anne ile geçiriyorlar. Onla duygusal bağ kurabiliyorlarmış. Bir kriz anında kumaş anne koşmuş imdatlarına (videoda da var) Kablo anne ile büyüyen maymunlar sevgi eksikliği tahribatını yaşamışlar. 6 aydan fazla bu eksikliği çekenlerde onarılmaz sorunlar oluşmuş. Videosu:
Vay be! Siz bakmayın Maslow’a! Sevgi su kadar, hava kadar önemli bir ihtiyaç! Kendisi de geldi:
Abraham Maslow: Hümanist psikolojinin kurucu lideri. İhtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi herkesin malumu� (Hiyerarşisine şerhim hemen yukarıda.)
Zekâ Kuramı: Düşünce hakkında düşünmek. (143-147)
Carl Jung: Arketipleri�
Aşk (sevgi?): Kalbini dinlemek. Aşkı çılayan çeşitli kuramlar�
Karen Horney: Psikoloji dünyasında çok önemli bir addır. Onun kişiler arası ilişkilerin üstesinden gelme yolu olarak nevrozları ele alışı ve nevrotik ihtiyaçlar konusundaki tanımlamaları, son derece yeni ve sarsıcı olmuştur. (188)
Duygu: Neden böyle hissederiz?
ş: Seni sen yapan nedir?
Cattell’in 16 ş Faktörünü tuttum.
üⲹ: Işıklar söndükten sonra neler oluyor?
Bilimsel rüya tabirleri.
Bilişsel Terapi
Bilişsel Terapi’de, edinilen bilgilerin sürekli olarak yorumlandığına, bu yorumlama işlemi sırasında da hatalara, yanlış inançlara ve olumsuz duygulara yol açıldığına inanılır. Tanımlanmış on ayrı yanlış düşünme kalıbı vardır ve bunlar bilişsel çarpıklıklar olarak adlandırılır. Davranışı değiştirebilmek için önce düşünce sisteminin değişmesi gerekir ki bu da ancak var olan bilişsel çarpıklıkların düzeltilmesi yoluyla olabilir.
Aşırı genellemeler yapmak: Tekil bir duruma bakarak genellemeye gitmek
Olumlu seçeneğin elenmesi: Olumlu durumları yok saymak
Ya hep ya da hiç düşüncesi: Mutlak değerler üzerinden düşünmek (ortada bir buluşma noktasının olabileceğini düşünmek)
Duygusal nedenleme: Bireyin durumu değerlendirirken gerçeklere objektif bakmak yerine, düşüncelerin duygular tarafından şekillendirilmesine izin vermek.
Anlamadan yargıya varma: Destekleyen bir kanıt olmamasına rağmen en kötü sonucu beklemek.
Aşırı abartma ya da aşırı küçültme: Olumlu olayların küçültülmesi, olumsuz olayların büyütülmesi.
Zihinsel süzgeç: Olumlu olayları görmezden gelip zihinsel olarak kötü olayları çekip çıkarma ve onlar üzerine yoğunlaşma
Olmalı-olmamalı ifadeleri: Bireylerin nasıl olduğuna bakmak yerine nasıl olması gerektiğine bakmak.
şşپ: Kendi kontrolü dışında olan şeyler için kendisini suçlama.
Damgalama ve yanlış damgalama: Kişinin kendisine ve başkalarına acımasızca ve yanlış yakıştırmalarda bulunması.
Olumsuz davranışların değişebilmesi için, bunlara sebep olan düşüncelerin değişmesi gerekir. Buradaki terapilerdeki yaklaşımlarla, bireyler negatif düşünme kalıplarını anlamayı ve onları alt etmeyi öğrenir ve negatif davranışlarla savaşma yetilerini geliştirirler. (240-1)
Erich Fromm: Fromm’a göre hayvan ihtiyaçları temel fizyolojik ihtiyaçlardır, insan ihtiyaçlarıysa insanların varoluşuna cevap bulmasına yardım eden şeyler olup doğal dünya ile yeniden birleşme arzusuna işaret eder.
Erich Fromm, yirminci yüzyılın en önemli ve etkili psikologlarından biri olarak kabul edilmiştir. Hümanist psikolojide anahtar bir rol oynamıştır ve insan olmayı bir çelişki olarak görmüştür. Fromm’a göre, hayat hem doğanın bir parçası olma hem de ondan ayrı olma isteğidir. Özgürlük ise aslında insanların aktif olarak kaçındığı bir şeydir. (261-2)
Rosenhan Deneyi: Kral Çıplak! DSM-II varmış o zaman, bugün DSM-IV kullanılıyormuş. Umarım hala o kadar çıplak değildir.
Çeşitli Ruhsal Sorunlar
Dissosiyatif Rahatsızlıklar, anksiyete bozuklukları, duygudurum bozuklukları, somatoform rahatsızlıklar (çok fena dertler, evlerden ırak)
İki tanesini aldım:
Dissoyatif Kimlik Bozukluğu: Kişinin farklı kişiliklerinin ortaya çıkması %50’nin 11’den fazla.
Konversiyon Bozukluğu: Genellikle stresli ya da travmatik bir olayın yaşanmasından sonra ortaya çıkar ve istemli motor ve duyu fonksiyonları üzerinde etkili olur. En yaygın belirtileri felç, uyuşukluk, konuşamama ve körlük. Attan düşen bir adamın, bacağı fiziksel hiçbir rahatsızlık olmamasına rağmen bacak felci yaşamaması konversiyon bozukluğuna örnek olabilir. Birçokları, konversiyon bozukluğuna örnek olabilir. Birçokları konversiyon bozuklularındaki fiziksel semptomların kişinin kendi içindeki çatışmayı çözme girişimleri olduğuna inanır. (310)
Stres
Modern Çağın Hastalığı Stres! Gördüğüm kadarıyla stresin kendisi günümüze dair bir durum değil. Hatta insanlıktan eski bir olay. (farelerle yapılan deneylerde bulunuyor buradan bu çıkarımı yapabiliriz) Canlının bir sorunla karşılaştığında baş etmek amacıyla duruma reaksiyonu bu şekilde. “Dövüş ya da kaç� prensibi. Tabii bu prensibi hayata geçirebilmek için bir miktar desteğe ihtiyaç var. Bunu da vücut sağlıyor hormonlar yardımıyla. Yani sıkıntılı bir durumla karşılaşınca binlerce yıldır olduğu gibi davranıyor vücut, ama biz onun bu yardımını, böyle bir gücü olumlu kullanma kabiliyetinden yoksun olabiliyoruz. Olay bu:
1. Alarm Reaksiyon: Bu ilk aşamada Cannon’un dövüş ya da kaç prensibi devreye girer kişiye durumla ilk anda baş edebileceği enerjiyi sağlamak üzere hormonlar salgılanır. Ortaya çıkan bu enerji eğer fiziksel bir aktivite ile kullanılmazsa, vücutta tahrip edici etkilere neden olabilir. Örneğin fazla miktardaki kortizol hormon, kas dokusuna ve hücrelere zarar verir, bu zararlar, mide ülserine, yüksek kan şekerine ve felce bile neden olabilir. Fazla miktardaki adrenalin, beyin ve kalp damarlarına hasar verebilir ve bu da kalp krizi ve felç riskinin artmasına neden olur.
2. Adaptasyon: Vücudun dış uyarana karşı dengeyi yeniden kurmaya başladığı, onarım ve yenilenmeyi sağlamaya çalıştığı aşamadır. Direnç olarak bilinen bu süreç alarm aşamasından hemen sonra ortaya çıkar ve stres yaratan durum ortadan kalkana kadar devam eder. Stresli durum devam ettiği sürece vücut uyarılma durumunda kalır.
Bu sürecin çok sık tekrarlanmaya başlaması bireyin onarım için az zaman bulması nedeniyle sorunlar yaşamasına neden olur. Bu durumda birey sonraki aşamaya atlayacaktır.
3.üԳ: Organizmanın hem fiziksel hem de fizyolojik olarak stresörle savaşmak için ihtiyacı olan enerjisini tükettiği durumda ortaya çıkan aşamadır. Bu özellikle kronik stres durumunda görülür; zira kısa süreli stres durumlarında bireyin tüm enerjisini tüketmez. Enerjinin kaybıyla birlikte ise bireyin strese direnmesi mümkün olmaz.
Kronik stresin vücut ve zihin üzerindeki etkileri oldukça çarpıcıdır. Organ ve dokulardaki sinir hücreleri zarar görülebilir, bellek ve düşünme bozulabilir ve kişinin anksiyete ve depresyona yatkınlığı artabilir. (319-320)
Kontrolsüz güç, güç değildir!
Yeterince aydınlandığmızı, ışıltımı paylaşabildiğimi düşünüyorum. Kitap arka kapağındaki “Sıkıcı detayları ve istatistikleri ayıklayıp onun yerine size, ilginizi çekip meşgul edecek ve merak uyandıracak psikoloji dersleri veriyor.� vaadini benim için yerine getirmiş bulunmakta, benim gibi aranıp duranlara (durdukça eli ayağı titreyip kuduranlara) başlangıç için önerebilirim.
Giriş olarak bu kitaba baktıktan sonra, diyelim ki dizginlenemeyen bir arzuyla yanıp tutuşmaya başladınız, naçizane:
Kurtlarla Koşan Kadınlar
İnsan Olmak
İnsanın Anlam Arayışı
February 17, 2020
As someone that doesn’t know anything about psychology, I can’t say if the given information is good, but it looks like a good start if you are into learning more about it. I haven’t read the whole book, just some parts that interested me, which may explain why I didn’t find it very interesting.
September 5, 2015
This book was awful. Like a step above old wet newspaper, this book is closer to trash than informative psychological literature. There were grammatical errors and typos, 'facts' that have been disproven before this book was published, and almost every bio on famous psychologists ended like a middle schooler's essay. Many of the famous psychologists were on about crazy theories, yet had bios that ended with a statement akin to 'but they are still very influential to psychology today'. Further, this book as an introduction but no conclusion.
Will never read ever again. Such a waste of time. Painful even.
Will never read ever again. Such a waste of time. Painful even.
October 8, 2017
This was interesting but not what I expected. I thought I was getting an introductory text like you might expect if you enrolled in a college level course on Psychology. What you actually get are a bunch of bio's on famous psychologists and a few chapters dealing with interesting tests, experiments and psychological problems.
October 8, 2014
Psychology made simple!
Reading it was more like a journey into the depth of our existence as humans to explore the mysteries of the human psyche, it helps you understand yourself as well as others around you in a very unique way. In some chapters the book teaches you more about the greatest psychologists of all time, who shaped our understanding of ourselves, the book presents these scientists with a very simplified brief of their work and their contributions to the world of psychology in a scientific, yet understandable language.
In other chapters the book sheds light on some fundamental experiments and theories that led to some major discoveries and findings which helped create a deeper comprehension of psychology, physiology, sociology, anthropology and biology.
The rest of the chapters address some issues in psychology which would make it easier for you to understand what's psychologically wrong with you, and with others around you, issues such as dreams, personality, stress, various types of disorders and so on. The book also explains some psychological concepts regarding the way we view life, others, and our own.
Such a great book, i recommend it to those who are keen to widen their circle of knowledge.
Reading it was more like a journey into the depth of our existence as humans to explore the mysteries of the human psyche, it helps you understand yourself as well as others around you in a very unique way. In some chapters the book teaches you more about the greatest psychologists of all time, who shaped our understanding of ourselves, the book presents these scientists with a very simplified brief of their work and their contributions to the world of psychology in a scientific, yet understandable language.
In other chapters the book sheds light on some fundamental experiments and theories that led to some major discoveries and findings which helped create a deeper comprehension of psychology, physiology, sociology, anthropology and biology.
The rest of the chapters address some issues in psychology which would make it easier for you to understand what's psychologically wrong with you, and with others around you, issues such as dreams, personality, stress, various types of disorders and so on. The book also explains some psychological concepts regarding the way we view life, others, and our own.
Such a great book, i recommend it to those who are keen to widen their circle of knowledge.
June 18, 2018
dry and not exactly what I was hoping for. The facts were good but they were over-run by biographical facts of famous psychology figures instead of focusing on the psychology itself - more of what I was hoping for. Overall a very decent introduction book, but I was bored by the background and where these people grew up, I skimmed until I got to more facts.
February 5, 2022
INTRODUCTION
Rather pointless and short.
IVAN PAVLOV
Pavlov? Why is this the beginning of the book? The author himself said that Wilhelm Wundt was the first who put up a scientific psychology lab. Pavlov is a very small part of psychology. I would barely even mention him in a textbook if I had newer and better sources - which we do have. Wundt would be very interesting to look into. As would Galton. Pavlov did experiments on dogs not humans which is still very relevant, but then put this in a chapter about comparative psychology overall.
B. F. SKINNER
Very lacking on info. Kinda pointless.
SIGMUND FREUD
Why include this?
ANNA FREUD
She is just following in the footsteps of her father. This is not proper psychology science. She is completely irrelevant in modern psychology today. Try to ask any researcher about her findings and see what they tell you - nothing.
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
This is the first person that should be here. But the chapter should have been about moral psychology not just Kohlberg's own ideas. The book doesn't even care to analyze or explore any of the research. It's just uncritical mini biographies. You really feel like the author doesn't care about the science itself.
STANLEY MILGRAM
Short, but I guess it's relevant at least.
ALFRED ADLER
More Freud stuff. Pointless.
BASIC THEORIES ON GROUPS
40 eyewitnesses? This is total nonsense. This also reveals the author doesn't study psychology carefully because this event is one of the most disputed examples in psychology and yet he doesn't know this.
PHILIP ZIMBARDO
You would think the author would point out that the "experiment" is not even a proper experiment, but rather a glorified anecdote where the author of it manipulated the participants to create a certain outcome as he was a huge supporter of prison reform. Yet it's just called "controversial" because of the moral implications only. Is this a fair standard in a psychology book? If you present the basics of a study then clearly you assume people don't know much about it. Hence you SHOULD be critical also as people would also not know about the huge critique on this study.
SOLOMON ASCH
Pretty basic. Again the author is a giant fan without being critical of a single thing about the person or experiments.
JOHN B. WATSON
These are some of the worst experiments in psychology because it's 1 single baby. The author finally ads a mini critical section. It's better than nothing, but it's a huge shame this is the first experiment he chooses to be a bit critical towards.
HERMANN RORSCHACH
By far the most detailed chapter. He explains each single of the 10 inkblot cards in detail and explains what they supposedly tell you about your personality. Of course this is all pseudoscience so it's a shame his expertise is on this area of psychology. Or maybe he just decided to explain this as it's simple to write about?
VISUAL PERCEPTION
Very old research still. This is 50's stuff.
GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
It's 100 years old therapy ideas that are way outdated. But this chapter is a fair enough depiction of the topic if you want to read about it.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Very general stuff without any studies. No modern studies as such are found in this book, but here it would have been crucial. Still, the chapter is fine as a very short intro.
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY
Not mainstream science.
DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY
Outdated theory. It's curious as he himself says it's not scientific and is outdated. This stuff is fine if you have already presented the proper research to illustrate why it's wrong and what modern psychology shows.
HARRY HARLOW
Monkeys without mothers. Fairly significant ideas, but observed without these experiments too.
JEAN PIAGET
Not super scientific, but getting closer to proper modern science here.
ALBERT BANDURA
Violence study. Also not really holding up as it was presented back then. But the study design is fairly okay compared to those older studies.
CARL ROGERS
Not sure why I review each mini chapter? Anyhow, this is humanism. So it's clinical psychology that's not really the science itself, but it's the Freud stuff made modern basically. So popular, but not science or research.
ABRAHAM MASLOW
Too basic to be fair. Not scientific and neither that deep. Still an interesting guy because he simplified complicated human traits.
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
This is... modern science. Very, very short. But it's science.
KURT LEWIN
I actually knew basically nothing about Lewin. The first person here I legit have no knowledge about. I think I have written about his theories at some point, but it's years ago. So this was interesting enough even though it's still philosophy.
CARL JUNG
More Freud stuff.
HENRY MURRAY
More Freud stuff.
LEFT AND RIGHT BRAIN
This is simplified stuff.
LOVE
Pointless.
KAREN HORNEY
Feminist Freud stuff. Totally useless.
JOHN BOWLBY
Again old psychology. Not really updated to take account of modern research which if what you get when focusing on single people. This is ignoring heritability of traits which is a huge deal in modern psychology. The book overall focuses on old outdated ideas.
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
Very boring non-science stuff.
EMOTION
Basic old emotion theories explained. So centered around old theories.
PERSONALITY
Old trait theories. Which actually is not too far away from modern personality theories. Still, it's not rooted on the thousands of studies we have done since these ideas appeared. Today we don't rely on single people to understand personality.
A bit modern science brought up. Instead of being critical towards outdated theories or presenting research showing that the ideas are not found when studying people he says, "Personality theorists today believe that". Which is true. But WHY do they believe that? The research on this is quite strong.
LEADERSHIP THEORIES
Very basic observations.
DREAMS
Total pseudoscience. Again focused on Freud and psychoanalysis.
ART THERAPY
Waste of space as it's just mentioned. We don't know why he even mentions it. It's a small therapy style. He already goes over a ton of other therapy styles.
HYPNOSIS
He loves Freud, but this is too much.
ALBERT ELLIS
More Freud stuff.
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
Very basic. 2 pages.
HEURISTICS
Way too basic.
HARRY STACK SULLIVAN
Again Freud stuff.
THE MAGICAL NUMBER SEVEN, PLUS OR MINUS TWO
Basic initial research on this. This is not how we perceive memory today.
ERICH FROMM
Yes... Freud stuff.
THE GOOD SAMARITAN EXPERIMENT
Fair enough. Just a small experiment presented. This feels more sciency.
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Clinical psychology. It's a small part of psychology. It's fine enough, but a bit iffy scientifically for sure. Still should be included in textbooks even though I feel like it's outside the science of psychology.
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
Since it's hugely popular among teens and high schoolers to fake mental illness today there are a lot of teens who claim they have multiple personalities. Mostly girls on TikTok claiming they are: Emily, Sandra, a dog, a dragon, Tom. It's not a real thing. The whole thing became popular in clinical circles when a psychiatrist was searching for a big case to write about/explore. Her patient, Sybil, then faked multiple personalities to keep her happy. And this case blew up and became a national sensation with movies, books, documentaries. Later the lies were uncovered. But the book was written in 1973 so the author had plenty of access to sources showing that the Sybil case, and other such cases, have all been shown to be lacking on evidence at best. We may fall for some hoaxes as social scientists. It happens. But the issue is that the author uses singular sources and theories so he cannot easily get out of this misinformation hole while the rest of us can.
THE ROSENHAN EXPERIMENT
That's all his critique yet again. Again, look how uncritical he is. This is a pseudoscience study. We have quite a bit of extra info on this. The fake patients have different stories from what Rosenhan claimed. He may have made up fake patients too. And overall it's impossible to look into all his data as he kept the participants anonymous. Much of the study never happened and even if you read his own documents it seems like he misinterpreted the findings. It's a terrible study! Just like the Stanford prison experiment. It's extremely easy to point out mistakes in it. It's not just because it's unethical - I don't care about that whatsoever. It's just bad research.
DAVID KOLB’S LEARNING STYLES
Obviously pseudo stuff. But just like with Maslow it's rather a hypothesis used to explain things not define them so it's not that bad.
ANXIETY DISORDERS
More clinical stuff. Too much now.
MARY AINSWORTH AND STRANGE SITUATIONS
Attachment theories are also theories that were not developed scientifically, but still have a use in modern psychology to explain what we see. But these theories are way more known as being developed by other researchers. Did he just want to include another woman?
MOOD DISORDERS
More boring clinical stuff.
LEV VYGOTSKY
Very old psychology. But at least not Freud.
SOMATOFORM DISORDERS
More clinical stuff.
FALSE CONSENSUS AND UNIQUENESS EFFECTS
Fair enough. Still focused on names, but some experiments mentioned.
STRESS
A bit clinical topic too.
SELF-DISCREPANCY THEORY
More therapy stuff.
My final opinion on the book
Freud is mentioned 135 times in the book, on all pages. It's not a book about psychology and the cover is clearly false marketing. This is a book focusing on psychoanalysis and all the people related to that therapy idea. And the rest of the chapters are very shallow overviews of gigantic topics. For example Hermann Rorschach gets 7 pages. His 10 cards with inkblots take up 5,5 of these pages. Intelligence takes up 4 pages in this book. So Rorschach's totally unscientific cards take up more space in this book than the greatest trait we have ever uncovered in psychology. And he's more critical in the intelligence chapter than in these single person chapters even when the person has been proven totally wrong. Find any psychology textbook. Look up Rorschach. None will take the time to go over his cards - none. I know they all suck too and have basically nothing about IQ in them either, but what proper textbook has 30% of the book be about psychoanalysis?
As you can see there are 56 chapters. The chapters are largely either focused on therapists or clinical psychology. And when the book finally moves outside the soft science clinical setting we have pseudoscience like PHILIP ZIMBARDO, THE ROSENHAN EXPERIMENT, JOHN B. WATSON. In the book overall maybe 20 studies are mentioned. And we don't have critical overviews, meta studies, counter studies, replication. No stats, no tables, no research post 1980's. This book is... weird. I mean, you can call it psychology, but it's stretch. It's mini biographies of single people from clinical psychology and largely Freud's people.
"Psych 101: Psychology Facts, Basics, Statistics, Tests, and More!"
Facts: The book doesn't contain psychology facts. It mentions very old people in psychology and talks about their ideas. That's not facts.
Basics: Absolutely not. We have a few chapters about the basics. Maybe 15 pages at the very most. Single people who are totally irrelevant in modern science are not the basics.
Statistics: Absolutely a total lie. This is 100% false marketing.
Tests: OCEAN gets a few lines without any test being shown or presented. IQ tests are mentioned only. The rest are philosophical theories. Some have tests some don't, but no one knows how to test for that stuff because it's not scientific. So this is false too.
More!: Indeed... more. 95% of the book is that more stuff.
This book is false marketing. I thought it would be psychology presented in a short format. It absolutely is not. The book itself is barely getting up to 2 stars for me as it's not direct misinformation. But it's totally useless and the false marketing pisses me off.
Rather pointless and short.
IVAN PAVLOV
Pavlov? Why is this the beginning of the book? The author himself said that Wilhelm Wundt was the first who put up a scientific psychology lab. Pavlov is a very small part of psychology. I would barely even mention him in a textbook if I had newer and better sources - which we do have. Wundt would be very interesting to look into. As would Galton. Pavlov did experiments on dogs not humans which is still very relevant, but then put this in a chapter about comparative psychology overall.
B. F. SKINNER
Very lacking on info. Kinda pointless.
SIGMUND FREUD
Why include this?
ANNA FREUD
While she may have begun her career under her father’s shadow, Anna Freud proved that she too was an incredibly valuable asset to the world of psychology. Her contributions to her father’s work on defense mechanisms and, most importantly, the creation of child psychoanalysis remain extremely important and influential, and a a great deal of what we understand about child psychology comes from her work.
She is just following in the footsteps of her father. This is not proper psychology science. She is completely irrelevant in modern psychology today. Try to ask any researcher about her findings and see what they tell you - nothing.
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
This is the first person that should be here. But the chapter should have been about moral psychology not just Kohlberg's own ideas. The book doesn't even care to analyze or explore any of the research. It's just uncritical mini biographies. You really feel like the author doesn't care about the science itself.
STANLEY MILGRAM
Short, but I guess it's relevant at least.
ALFRED ADLER
More Freud stuff. Pointless.
BASIC THEORIES ON GROUPS
On March 13th, 1964, at 3:20 A.M., twenty-eight-year-old Catherine “Kitty� Genovese was coming home from work and was approached by a man in her apartment entrance. The man attacked and stabbed Genovese. Genovese repeatedly called for help, but not a single one of the close to forty eyewitnesses who had heard her cries for help and watched the events unfold called the police. Instead, they all believed that someone else was doing it. It wasn’t until 3:50 A.M. that the police were finally contacted.
40 eyewitnesses? This is total nonsense. This also reveals the author doesn't study psychology carefully because this event is one of the most disputed examples in psychology and yet he doesn't know this.
PHILIP ZIMBARDO
The Stanford Prison Experiment is one of the most important and controversial psychological experiments to ever have been conducted. Under the current Ethics Code of the American Psychological Association, the experiment could not be replicated because it does not meet many of today’s ethical standards. However, Zimbardo successfully showed how behavior could be influenced by the situation a person is in, and there are numerous real-world examples that prove Zimbardo’s work, including the abuse of prisoners at Abu Ghraib in Iraq.
You would think the author would point out that the "experiment" is not even a proper experiment, but rather a glorified anecdote where the author of it manipulated the participants to create a certain outcome as he was a huge supporter of prison reform. Yet it's just called "controversial" because of the moral implications only. Is this a fair standard in a psychology book? If you present the basics of a study then clearly you assume people don't know much about it. Hence you SHOULD be critical also as people would also not know about the huge critique on this study.
SOLOMON ASCH
Pretty basic. Again the author is a giant fan without being critical of a single thing about the person or experiments.
JOHN B. WATSON
These are some of the worst experiments in psychology because it's 1 single baby. The author finally ads a mini critical section. It's better than nothing, but it's a huge shame this is the first experiment he chooses to be a bit critical towards.
HERMANN RORSCHACH
By far the most detailed chapter. He explains each single of the 10 inkblot cards in detail and explains what they supposedly tell you about your personality. Of course this is all pseudoscience so it's a shame his expertise is on this area of psychology. Or maybe he just decided to explain this as it's simple to write about?
VISUAL PERCEPTION
Very old research still. This is 50's stuff.
GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
It's 100 years old therapy ideas that are way outdated. But this chapter is a fair enough depiction of the topic if you want to read about it.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Very general stuff without any studies. No modern studies as such are found in this book, but here it would have been crucial. Still, the chapter is fine as a very short intro.
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY
Not mainstream science.
DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY
Outdated theory. It's curious as he himself says it's not scientific and is outdated. This stuff is fine if you have already presented the proper research to illustrate why it's wrong and what modern psychology shows.
HARRY HARLOW
Monkeys without mothers. Fairly significant ideas, but observed without these experiments too.
JEAN PIAGET
Not super scientific, but getting closer to proper modern science here.
ALBERT BANDURA
Violence study. Also not really holding up as it was presented back then. But the study design is fairly okay compared to those older studies.
CARL ROGERS
Not sure why I review each mini chapter? Anyhow, this is humanism. So it's clinical psychology that's not really the science itself, but it's the Freud stuff made modern basically. So popular, but not science or research.
ABRAHAM MASLOW
Too basic to be fair. Not scientific and neither that deep. Still an interesting guy because he simplified complicated human traits.
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
This is... modern science. Very, very short. But it's science.
KURT LEWIN
I actually knew basically nothing about Lewin. The first person here I legit have no knowledge about. I think I have written about his theories at some point, but it's years ago. So this was interesting enough even though it's still philosophy.
CARL JUNG
More Freud stuff.
HENRY MURRAY
More Freud stuff.
LEFT AND RIGHT BRAIN
This is simplified stuff.
LOVE
Pointless.
KAREN HORNEY
Feminist Freud stuff. Totally useless.
JOHN BOWLBY
Again old psychology. Not really updated to take account of modern research which if what you get when focusing on single people. This is ignoring heritability of traits which is a huge deal in modern psychology. The book overall focuses on old outdated ideas.
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
Very boring non-science stuff.
EMOTION
Basic old emotion theories explained. So centered around old theories.
PERSONALITY
Old trait theories. Which actually is not too far away from modern personality theories. Still, it's not rooted on the thousands of studies we have done since these ideas appeared. Today we don't rely on single people to understand personality.
Personality theorists today believe that there were too many personality traits in Cattell’s theory, and not enough personality traits in Eysenck’s theory. Instead, many believe a theory known as the “Big Five.� This model claims that the basis of personality comes from the interaction of five main traits.
A bit modern science brought up. Instead of being critical towards outdated theories or presenting research showing that the ideas are not found when studying people he says, "Personality theorists today believe that". Which is true. But WHY do they believe that? The research on this is quite strong.
LEADERSHIP THEORIES
Very basic observations.
DREAMS
Total pseudoscience. Again focused on Freud and psychoanalysis.
ART THERAPY
Waste of space as it's just mentioned. We don't know why he even mentions it. It's a small therapy style. He already goes over a ton of other therapy styles.
HYPNOSIS
While hypnosis is often portrayed negatively in the media, it has actually been clinically proven to provide not only therapeutic benefits, but medical benefits as well.
He loves Freud, but this is too much.
ALBERT ELLIS
More Freud stuff.
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
Very basic. 2 pages.
HEURISTICS
Way too basic.
HARRY STACK SULLIVAN
Again Freud stuff.
THE MAGICAL NUMBER SEVEN, PLUS OR MINUS TWO
Basic initial research on this. This is not how we perceive memory today.
ERICH FROMM
Yes... Freud stuff.
THE GOOD SAMARITAN EXPERIMENT
Fair enough. Just a small experiment presented. This feels more sciency.
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Clinical psychology. It's a small part of psychology. It's fine enough, but a bit iffy scientifically for sure. Still should be included in textbooks even though I feel like it's outside the science of psychology.
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
3. Dissociative identity disorder: At one time referred to as multiple personality disorder, this is the most well-known example of a dissociative disorder. In dissociative identity disorder, an individual has many distinct personalities and identities, rather than just the one. At the very least, two of the individual’s personalities must show up repeatedly and take control of the individual’s behavior to qualify as having dissociative identity disorder. Fifty percent of all people suffering from this disorder have less than eleven identities, though there are cases where an individual has as many as 100 identities.
The dissociative personalities all have their own unique identity, self- image, history, and name. When a person becomes one of these other identities—known as alters—the individual experiences long gaps in his or her memory. It can take seconds for an individual to shift to one of his or her alters, and these alters can have different ages, nationalities, genders, sexual preferences, and even different body languages and postures than the individual. The appearance and departure of the personalities are commonly triggered by a stressful event.
People who suffer from dissociative identity disorder will often have other disorders, such as borderline personality disorder, depression, eating disorders, and substance abuse. This combination can frequently result in violence, self-mutilation, and suicidal tendencies.
Since it's hugely popular among teens and high schoolers to fake mental illness today there are a lot of teens who claim they have multiple personalities. Mostly girls on TikTok claiming they are: Emily, Sandra, a dog, a dragon, Tom. It's not a real thing. The whole thing became popular in clinical circles when a psychiatrist was searching for a big case to write about/explore. Her patient, Sybil, then faked multiple personalities to keep her happy. And this case blew up and became a national sensation with movies, books, documentaries. Later the lies were uncovered. But the book was written in 1973 so the author had plenty of access to sources showing that the Sybil case, and other such cases, have all been shown to be lacking on evidence at best. We may fall for some hoaxes as social scientists. It happens. But the issue is that the author uses singular sources and theories so he cannot easily get out of this misinformation hole while the rest of us can.
THE ROSENHAN EXPERIMENT
EVALUATION OF THE ROSENHAN EXPERIMENT
While Rosenhan’s experiment showed the limitations of classifying patients and revealed the awful conditions of mental hospitals at that time, because his study was based entirely on lying to the hospital staff, it is considered unethical. Rosenhan’s work did, however, change the philosophy that many institutions took when it came to how to approach mental care.
At the time of Rosenhan’s study, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders that was being used for diagnosing was DSM-II. In the 1980s, DSM-III was introduced with the purpose of addressing problems of unclear criteria and unreliability. Many have argued that with DSM-III, Rosenhan would not have the same results. The current model being used today is DSM-IV.
That's all his critique yet again. Again, look how uncritical he is. This is a pseudoscience study. We have quite a bit of extra info on this. The fake patients have different stories from what Rosenhan claimed. He may have made up fake patients too. And overall it's impossible to look into all his data as he kept the participants anonymous. Much of the study never happened and even if you read his own documents it seems like he misinterpreted the findings. It's a terrible study! Just like the Stanford prison experiment. It's extremely easy to point out mistakes in it. It's not just because it's unethical - I don't care about that whatsoever. It's just bad research.
DAVID KOLB’S LEARNING STYLES
Obviously pseudo stuff. But just like with Maslow it's rather a hypothesis used to explain things not define them so it's not that bad.
ANXIETY DISORDERS
More clinical stuff. Too much now.
MARY AINSWORTH AND STRANGE SITUATIONS
Attachment theories are also theories that were not developed scientifically, but still have a use in modern psychology to explain what we see. But these theories are way more known as being developed by other researchers. Did he just want to include another woman?
MOOD DISORDERS
More boring clinical stuff.
LEV VYGOTSKY
Very old psychology. But at least not Freud.
SOMATOFORM DISORDERS
More clinical stuff.
FALSE CONSENSUS AND UNIQUENESS EFFECTS
Fair enough. Still focused on names, but some experiments mentioned.
STRESS
A bit clinical topic too.
SELF-DISCREPANCY THEORY
More therapy stuff.
My final opinion on the book
Freud is mentioned 135 times in the book, on all pages. It's not a book about psychology and the cover is clearly false marketing. This is a book focusing on psychoanalysis and all the people related to that therapy idea. And the rest of the chapters are very shallow overviews of gigantic topics. For example Hermann Rorschach gets 7 pages. His 10 cards with inkblots take up 5,5 of these pages. Intelligence takes up 4 pages in this book. So Rorschach's totally unscientific cards take up more space in this book than the greatest trait we have ever uncovered in psychology. And he's more critical in the intelligence chapter than in these single person chapters even when the person has been proven totally wrong. Find any psychology textbook. Look up Rorschach. None will take the time to go over his cards - none. I know they all suck too and have basically nothing about IQ in them either, but what proper textbook has 30% of the book be about psychoanalysis?
As you can see there are 56 chapters. The chapters are largely either focused on therapists or clinical psychology. And when the book finally moves outside the soft science clinical setting we have pseudoscience like PHILIP ZIMBARDO, THE ROSENHAN EXPERIMENT, JOHN B. WATSON. In the book overall maybe 20 studies are mentioned. And we don't have critical overviews, meta studies, counter studies, replication. No stats, no tables, no research post 1980's. This book is... weird. I mean, you can call it psychology, but it's stretch. It's mini biographies of single people from clinical psychology and largely Freud's people.
"Psych 101: Psychology Facts, Basics, Statistics, Tests, and More!"
Facts: The book doesn't contain psychology facts. It mentions very old people in psychology and talks about their ideas. That's not facts.
Basics: Absolutely not. We have a few chapters about the basics. Maybe 15 pages at the very most. Single people who are totally irrelevant in modern science are not the basics.
Statistics: Absolutely a total lie. This is 100% false marketing.
Tests: OCEAN gets a few lines without any test being shown or presented. IQ tests are mentioned only. The rest are philosophical theories. Some have tests some don't, but no one knows how to test for that stuff because it's not scientific. So this is false too.
More!: Indeed... more. 95% of the book is that more stuff.
This book is false marketing. I thought it would be psychology presented in a short format. It absolutely is not. The book itself is barely getting up to 2 stars for me as it's not direct misinformation. But it's totally useless and the false marketing pisses me off.
August 2, 2022
Bardzo dobra pozycja dla laików zainteresowanych psychologią - omówienie najważniejszych naukowców, ich tez oraz badań :)
March 3, 2021
Непогана книга для чайників у психології. Це як енциклопедія - всього по трохи. Книга впорядкована за постатями у психології. Кожен розділ починається із коротенької, проте зазвичай цікавої біографії науковця, а далі гарно структуровані їхні наукові дослідження та досягнення.
Зручно читати у паузах від роботи. На приклад замість того, щоб 10 хвилин повтикати в телефоні, якраз один розділ можна прочитати. Читала довго, бо це не книга, яка об'єднана спільним сюжетом чи ідеєю, мені багато розділів підряд було нудно читати. А от поміж іншим якраз було добре вклинювати.
Зручно читати у паузах від роботи. На приклад замість того, щоб 10 хвилин повтикати в телефоні, якраз один розділ можна прочитати. Читала довго, бо це не книга, яка об'єднана спільним сюжетом чи ідеєю, мені багато розділів підряд було нудно читати. А от поміж іншим якраз було добре вклинювати.
January 26, 2024
szczerze mówiąc nic czego bym nie wiedziała tutaj nie było, a naukowo z psychologią nie jestem związana wcale
February 15, 2018
Psych 101 is not a book for everyone. It is a textbook that is informative with no plot as one might expect. For a boring topic, it makes the topic interesting and enjoyable to read about as it relates
The book was published in 2012 by Paul Kleinman. Paul has published other works such as Philosophy 101. Paul stays with the realm of the human mind and its interacts. As all informational books, there is no plot or characters but rather focuses only on people and their scientific contributions to the psychology field. The flow of the book is not linear as it deals with one topic then skips to another; only to be revisited fifty pages later. The book, however, starts with the familiar topic while slowly becoming more advanced, but still ties in simply topics to keep the reader interested. One of the first topics is classical conditioning, which is common in training pets by associating treats with tricks that the animal performs. This book is not similar to anything I have read before. I personally enjoyed it more than other books that I have read with an actual plot to them. The book is not controversial however some of the experiments that were performed, now are no longer acceptable, are depicted. This book does not have a theme or moral but instead teaches about different forms or morality and where they stem from.
This book is not for everyone as I disclosed before. It is meant for people interested in the world of psychology. Kids will not enjoy this nor will some adults. I would recommend this to science-loving students that want to explore the different fields of science for it provides a great stepping stone.
The book was published in 2012 by Paul Kleinman. Paul has published other works such as Philosophy 101. Paul stays with the realm of the human mind and its interacts. As all informational books, there is no plot or characters but rather focuses only on people and their scientific contributions to the psychology field. The flow of the book is not linear as it deals with one topic then skips to another; only to be revisited fifty pages later. The book, however, starts with the familiar topic while slowly becoming more advanced, but still ties in simply topics to keep the reader interested. One of the first topics is classical conditioning, which is common in training pets by associating treats with tricks that the animal performs. This book is not similar to anything I have read before. I personally enjoyed it more than other books that I have read with an actual plot to them. The book is not controversial however some of the experiments that were performed, now are no longer acceptable, are depicted. This book does not have a theme or moral but instead teaches about different forms or morality and where they stem from.
This book is not for everyone as I disclosed before. It is meant for people interested in the world of psychology. Kids will not enjoy this nor will some adults. I would recommend this to science-loving students that want to explore the different fields of science for it provides a great stepping stone.
April 19, 2015
It gives very short biographies of famous psychologists and their theories.
This is the first book I've read about psychology. I wish I had read before.
It reminded me to evaluate people and myself from a more distant point of view.
As I am newly acquainted with this area, I can't specifically recommend this book to anyone who likes to have brief knowledge about psychology. All I can say that I found most of the things that we all hear about psychology from here and there. It is not boring at all. I believe that this book is like an entrance hall to psychology where you can see other doors easily that can lead you to details. It is not like some beginners' books which leave you under a pile of unnecessary information.
This is the first book I've read about psychology. I wish I had read before.
It reminded me to evaluate people and myself from a more distant point of view.
As I am newly acquainted with this area, I can't specifically recommend this book to anyone who likes to have brief knowledge about psychology. All I can say that I found most of the things that we all hear about psychology from here and there. It is not boring at all. I believe that this book is like an entrance hall to psychology where you can see other doors easily that can lead you to details. It is not like some beginners' books which leave you under a pile of unnecessary information.
February 10, 2017
I was given this as a gift because of my interest in psychology and now I'm hooked! Although some things were straightforward, I learned a lot about the predecessors of psychology and their contributions to the field, also the psychologists who will later study and develop varied theories of their work.
I really enjoyed this book and anyone who is interested in psychology, this is a great start!
I really enjoyed this book and anyone who is interested in psychology, this is a great start!
August 21, 2016
Psychology made easy! Este libro hace todo fácil de entender, informaciones puntuales y precisas y mucho conocimiento bien concentrado. Siempre supe que me encantaba la psicología pero ahora estoy enamorada.
March 24, 2017
Worth reading. Concentrated knowledge about psychology studies and diseases in engaging form
March 31, 2022
Psicologia: Tudo o Que Precisa de Saber é um livro que vai desde a explicação sobre o surgimento do nome “Psicologia�, ao que é efetivamente a Psicologia e quais os estudos mais importantes realizados ao longo do tempo, bem como os grandes nomes que levaram a estas descobertas (aposto que já deve ter ouvido falar nos cães de Pavlov e em Freud).
Mas esta obra, apesar não ser muito grande, não se fica por aqui. Apresenta uma explicação sobre várias abordagens terapêuticas, uma breve contextualização acerca de algumas perturbações e aborda ainda aspetos mais específicos como as emoções, o stress e os sonhos.
Gostei imenso de ler este livro, foi quase como reviver todo o meu percurso académico à medida que avançava nas páginas. A organização dos conteúdos é muito clara e lógica e a apresentação da informação é intuitiva e de fácil compreensão - acredito que mesmo quem não seja da área não sentirá dificuldades.
Se gostava de aprender mais sobre as raízes da Psicologia e não sabe por onde começar, este é sem dúvida um ótimo ponto de partida. Se, por outro lado, é da área mas alguma da teoria já não está tão presente, recomendo a leitura desta obra. Este livro é uma excelente compilação de tudo o que é mais relevante desde os primórdios da Psicologia até à atualidade.
Agradeço imenso à Marcador Editora pelo envio de um exemplar para a partilha de uma opinião honesta.
Mas esta obra, apesar não ser muito grande, não se fica por aqui. Apresenta uma explicação sobre várias abordagens terapêuticas, uma breve contextualização acerca de algumas perturbações e aborda ainda aspetos mais específicos como as emoções, o stress e os sonhos.
Gostei imenso de ler este livro, foi quase como reviver todo o meu percurso académico à medida que avançava nas páginas. A organização dos conteúdos é muito clara e lógica e a apresentação da informação é intuitiva e de fácil compreensão - acredito que mesmo quem não seja da área não sentirá dificuldades.
Se gostava de aprender mais sobre as raízes da Psicologia e não sabe por onde começar, este é sem dúvida um ótimo ponto de partida. Se, por outro lado, é da área mas alguma da teoria já não está tão presente, recomendo a leitura desta obra. Este livro é uma excelente compilação de tudo o que é mais relevante desde os primórdios da Psicologia até à atualidade.
Agradeço imenso à Marcador Editora pelo envio de um exemplar para a partilha de uma opinião honesta.
October 17, 2023
Spełnia swoje obietnice - jest krótko. Czytając, przebiega się przez dziesiątki różnych spojrzeń psychologów. Ale tak jak dla nie-człowieka trudny i męczący jest maraton, tak dla niepsychologa trudne jest bieganie i skakanie po tematach. Bardzo męczące. Wręcz po łebkach. Prędzej jako audiobook do mozolnych prac domowych, niż do czytania z zaciekawieniem.
September 24, 2024
3,75/5
Całkiem ciekawa pozycja.
Rozdziały dzielą się na krótką historię osób, które wywarły wpływ na rozwój psychologii, ich badania i eksperymenty, a także na opis konkretnych zaburzeń, chorób i innych problemów ludzkiej psychiki.
Trochę brakowało mi jakiegoś większego usystematyzowania i szerszego opisu danego przypadku.
Całkiem ciekawa pozycja.
Rozdziały dzielą się na krótką historię osób, które wywarły wpływ na rozwój psychologii, ich badania i eksperymenty, a także na opis konkretnych zaburzeń, chorób i innych problemów ludzkiej psychiki.
Trochę brakowało mi jakiegoś większego usystematyzowania i szerszego opisu danego przypadku.
November 4, 2019
Ідеальна для сесії.)
April 21, 2023
Jedne z najważniejszych faktów psychologicznych przekazane w przyjemnej formie ciekawostek. Trochę żałuję, że nie przeczytałam jej przed rozpoczęciem studiów bo większość rzeczy juzż teraz wiedziałam ale przynajmniej coś sie utrwaliło. Dla ludzi zaczynających przygodę z psychologią na pewno będzie dobrym wyborem
September 15, 2023
4 / 5 ⭐️
Jeśli ktoś lubi takie tematy, to mu się spodoba. Ciekawa i merytoryczna. W środku dużo ilustracji, które ułatwiają zrozumienie omawianych tematów. Bardzo ładnie wydana.
Jeśli ktoś lubi takie tematy, to mu się spodoba. Ciekawa i merytoryczna. W środku dużo ilustracji, które ułatwiają zrozumienie omawianych tematów. Bardzo ładnie wydana.
December 2, 2022
spoko dla laików
June 29, 2023
dla takiego laika jak ja czytało się bardzo dobrze!!
October 10, 2024
An easy read with a good overview of the history of paychology
January 14, 2025
написано наче чатом гпт... теми розкриті дуже поверхово (ну але це ок для подібної книги), часто певні терміни не пояснюються, так наче я вже маю це знати
подекуди помилки в тексті??
іноді цікаво, визнаю. ще завдяки цій книзі почала задумуватись, що в мене може бути птср 🕊
подекуди помилки в тексті??
іноді цікаво, визнаю. ще завдяки цій книзі почала задумуватись, що в мене може бути птср 🕊
March 5, 2023
Książka była pełna treści.
Wędrowałam od początków psychologii do czasów nam bliżej znanych. Sądzę, że warto przeczytać. Wiadomo nie są to jakieś zaawansowane informację, aczkolwiek stwierdzam że pomimo posiadania podstawowej wiedzy w tej dziedzinie i tak się dowiedziałam kilku nowych rzeczy.
Wędrowałam od początków psychologii do czasów nam bliżej znanych. Sądzę, że warto przeczytać. Wiadomo nie są to jakieś zaawansowane informację, aczkolwiek stwierdzam że pomimo posiadania podstawowej wiedzy w tej dziedzinie i tak się dowiedziałam kilku nowych rzeczy.
August 10, 2022
MNOSTWO dobrej i interesujacej wiedzy, potrzebuje miec to w papierze i na pewno wtedy zrobie reread
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