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丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳
賷賰卮賮 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰賷賮 噩乇鬲 毓賲賱賷丕鬲 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳 爻賳丞 1948貙 賵賰賷賮 賰丕賳 丕賱鬲乇丨賷賱 賵丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 噩夭亍丕賸 噩賵賴乇賷丕賸 賲賳 丕爻鬲乇丕鬲賷噩賷丕 丕賱丨乇賰丞 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞. 賵賷賳賯囟 丕賱賲丐賱賮 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞 毓賳 丨乇亘 1948 賱賷丐賰丿 兀賳 胤乇丿 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賱賲 賷賰賳 賲噩乇丿 賴乇賵亘 噩賲丕毓賷 賵胤賵毓賷 賱賱爻賰丕賳 亘賱 禺胤丞 賲賮氐賱丞 噩乇賶 賵囟毓 丕賱賱賲爻丕鬲 丕賱賳賴丕卅賷丞 毓賱賷賴丕 賮賷 丕噩鬲賲丕毓 毓賯丿賴 丿丕賮賷丿 亘賳 - 睾賵乇賷賵賳 賮賷 鬲賱 兀亘賷亘 賷賵賲 10/3/1948 亘丨囟賵乇 毓卮乇丞 賲賳 丕賱賯丕丿丞 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷賷賳貙 賵鬲囟賲賳鬲 兀賵丕賲乇 氐乇賷丨丞 賱賵丨丿丕鬲 丕賱賴丕睾丕賳丕賴 亘丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲 卮鬲賶 丕賱兀爻丕賱賷亘 賱鬲賳賮賷匕 賴匕賴 丕賱禺胤丞 賵賲賳賴丕: 廿孬丕乇丞 丕賱乇毓亘貙 賵賯氐賮 丕賱賯乇賶 賵丕賱賲乇丕賰夭 丕賱爻賰賳賷丞貙 賵丨乇賯 丕賱賲賳丕夭賱貙 賵賴丿賲 丕賱亘賷賵鬲貙 賵夭乇毓 丕賱兀賱睾丕賲 賮賷 丕賱兀賳賯丕囟 賱賲賳毓 丕賱賲胤乇賵丿賷賳 賲賳 丕賱毓賵丿丞 廿賱賶 賲賳丕夭賱賴賲. 賵賯丿 丕爻鬲睾乇賯 鬲賳賮賷匕 鬲賱賰 丕賱禺胤丞 爻鬲丞 兀卮賴乇. 賵賲毓 丕賰鬲賲丕賱 丕賱鬲賳賮賷匕 賰丕賳 賳丨賵 800 兀賱賮 賮賱爻胤賷賳賷 賯丿 兀購乇睾賲賵丕 毓賱賶 丕賱賴噩乇丞 廿賱賶 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱賲噩丕賵乇丞貙 賵丿賲乇鬲 531 賯乇賷丞貙 賵兀禺賱賷 兀丨丿 毓卮乇 丨賷丕賸 賲丿賳賷丕賸 賲賳 爻賰丕賳賴. 賵賴匕賴 丕賱禺胤丞貙 亘丨爻亘 賲丕 賷氐賮賴丕 廿賷賱丕賳 亘賭丕亘賭賴貙 鬲毓鬲亘乇貙 賲賳 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 丕賱賯丕賳賵賳 丕賱丿賵賱賷貙 "噩乇賷賲丞 囟丿 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞".
賱賱鬲丨賲賷賱: https://archive.org/download/al.tthie...
賱賱鬲丨賲賷賱: https://archive.org/download/al.tthie...
374 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2006
3,221 people are currently reading
45.7k people want to read
About the author
Ilan Papp茅
82听books1,496听followersIlan Papp茅 is a professor with the College of Social Sciences and International Studies at the University of Exeter in the UK, director of the university's European Centre for Palestine Studies, co-director of the Exeter Centre for Ethno-Political Studies, and political activist. He was formerly a senior lecturer in political science at the University of Haifa (1984鈥�2007) and chair of the Emil Touma Institute for Palestinian and Israeli Studies in Haifa (2000鈥�2008).
Papp茅 is one of Israel's "New Historians" who, since the release of pertinent British and Israeli government documents in the early 1980s, have been rewriting the history of Israel's creation in 1948, and the corresponding expulsion or flight of 700,000 Palestinians in the same year. He has written that the expulsions were not decided on an ad hoc basis, as other historians have argued, but constituted the ethnic cleansing of Palestine, in accordance with Plan Dalet, drawn up in 1947 by Israel's future leaders. He blames the creation of Israel for the lack of peace in the Middle East, arguing that Zionism is more dangerous than Islamic militancy, and has called for an international boycott of Israeli academics.
His work has been both supported and criticized by other historians. Before he left Israel in 2008, he had been condemned in the Knesset, Israel's parliament; a minister of education had called for him to be sacked; his photograph had appeared in a newspaper at the centre of a target; and he had received several death threats.
Papp茅 is one of Israel's "New Historians" who, since the release of pertinent British and Israeli government documents in the early 1980s, have been rewriting the history of Israel's creation in 1948, and the corresponding expulsion or flight of 700,000 Palestinians in the same year. He has written that the expulsions were not decided on an ad hoc basis, as other historians have argued, but constituted the ethnic cleansing of Palestine, in accordance with Plan Dalet, drawn up in 1947 by Israel's future leaders. He blames the creation of Israel for the lack of peace in the Middle East, arguing that Zionism is more dangerous than Islamic militancy, and has called for an international boycott of Israeli academics.
His work has been both supported and criticized by other historians. Before he left Israel in 2008, he had been condemned in the Knesset, Israel's parliament; a minister of education had called for him to be sacked; his photograph had appeared in a newspaper at the centre of a target; and he had received several death threats.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 1,415 reviews
November 24, 2011
They say the truth is a bitter pill to swallow. Actually it is more than that! Reading this book as an extremely painful journey, in a way that exceeds your worst nightmares.
I wasn't able to read more than 20 pages per day, not because of its richness with information but because my brain needed time to absorb all the atrocities. PLEASE READ THIS BOOK! I think it's one of our responsibilities as humans to educate ourselves about the injustice in the world so we can be part of the change in the futur. again; PLEASE READ THIS BOOK! you'll do us a favor.
I wasn't able to read more than 20 pages per day, not because of its richness with information but because my brain needed time to absorb all the atrocities. PLEASE READ THIS BOOK! I think it's one of our responsibilities as humans to educate ourselves about the injustice in the world so we can be part of the change in the futur. again; PLEASE READ THIS BOOK! you'll do us a favor.
May 26, 2021
What a courageous book to write and a difficult yet important book to read. Ilan Pappe details in excruciating detail the ethnic cleansing of the Palestinian people enacted by the settler state of Israel. The amount of displacement, murder, rape, and other forms of violence inflicted upon the Palestinian people by Zionists makes for an unpleasant read, yet a necessary one to understand the historical context of the present-day Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Big kudos to Ilan Pappe for writing this book which directly challenges colonialism and racism using in-depth research with a critical lens. I hope that this book helps folks dive deeper into understanding contentious elements of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, like the conflation of anti-Zionism and antisemitism, the ability for a group of individuals to both be oppressed and to oppress others, and the disturbing silencing of pro-Palestine views from right-wing conservatives who persist in their bigotry and complicity in ethnic cleansing. Pappe鈥檚 writing can veer a bit into the dense academic side but honestly who cares given the urgency of the material.
May 15, 2021
AL NAKBA
Quand鈥櫭� che una nazione 猫 abbastanza forte e matura da potersi confrontare con il proprio passato?
Me ne vengono in mente diverse, anche non lontane, che ancora non riescono a scendere a patti con una parte del loro passato.
Cominciando proprio da Israele, che non riesce a conciliarsi con la sua stessa genesi.
Rifugiati palestinesi durante l'esodo del 1948. Almeno 700 mila persone furono allontanate con la forza, costrette ad andarsene senza aver mai pi霉 la possibilit脿 di ritornare.
Il 1948 猫 l鈥檃nno del peccato originale, della nascita della colpa.
Ma Pappe dimostra che 猫 l鈥檃nno in cui la colpa viene consumata (o meglio, iniziata a essere consumata, visto che si tratta di operazione che dura a tutt鈥檕ggi), ma i sintomi e i primi istanti di vita di quello che sarebbe successo quell鈥檃nno, quando gli inglesi se ne andarono dalla Palestina, e di quello che 猫 successo nei 65 anni a seguire, fino ai nostri giorni, viene da un po鈥� pi霉 lontano, da quando i sionisti decisero che la Palestina era la loro Terra Promessa, la loro terra assegnata.
Ilan Pappe 猫 uno storico israeliano che appartiene a quella che si pu貌 definire la Nuova Storiografia Israeliana, vive e lavora in Inghilterra, non 猫 molto amato in patria, dove (ma non solo l矛) suscita i soliti rigurgiti di negazionismo.
Questo libro del 2006 猫 basato sullo studio di documenti soltanto da poco messi a disposizione degli storici, quale il diario di Ben Gurion, e i verbali delle riunioni del Comitato di Consulta, l鈥檕rgano decisionale del partito-milizia del movimento sionista, l鈥橦agan脿.
Nella notte del 31 ottobre 1946 tre giovani militanti dell'Irgun, gruppo militante sionista, fecero brillare alcune cariche esplosive piazzate a Villa Bracciano, accanto a Porta Pia, sede dell'ambasciata britannica a Roma. L'edificio, deserto al momento dell'esplosione, venne raso al suolo e quindi ricostruito nel 1971 cos矛 come lo si vede oggi. I sionisti volevano convincere gli inglesi ad abbandonare la Palestina per aver campo libero nel loro piano di pulizia etnica. I palestinesi al contrario avrebbero volentieri trattenuto i britannici.
Gli israeliani hanno sostenuto che la convivenza con gli arabi 猫 sempre stata impossibile a causa delle continue aggressioni che hanno dovuto subire, e che gli arabi se ne sono andati dalla Palestina spontaneamente, abbandonando case beni e villaggi.
Ilan Pappe ribalta questa tesi, la smentisce in toto, e dimostra che abbandono ci fu, ma imposto con l鈥檜so della forza e della violenza da parte degli israeliani, che progettavano gi脿 dagli anni Trenta un vero e proprio programma di pulizia etnica, scientificamente messo in atto dalle autorit脿, sioniste prima e israeliane poi, con l鈥檕biettivo di allargare lo spazio della nascente Israele ben oltre i confini fissati dalle convenzioni internazionali e far s矛 che all鈥檌nterno di questi nuovi confini non ci fossero pi霉 arabi.
Il piano ebbe successo e fu favorito dall鈥檌gnavia della comunit脿 internazionale che, ancora presa dai sensi di colpa per la sua inattivit脿 contro lo sterminio del popolo ebraico in Europa durante la seconda guerra mondiale, si astenne da qualsiasi ingerenza.
Rovine del villaggio palestinese di Suba, presso Gerusalemme, visto dal kibbutz Zova
L鈥檃tteggiamento di Israele a Napoli verrebbe sintetizzato con una magnifica illuminante espressione: 鈥渃hiagne e fotte鈥�.
Cio猫, mentre Israele si lamentava pubblicamente delle (presunte) aggressioni della popolazione araba, organizzava, preparava, iniziava e portava avanti sistematicamente la pulizia etnica del popolo palestinese.
Il mito della fondazione di Israele, secondo il quale appena inizi貌 la guerra ci fu un volontario esodo di palestinesi, fa acqua da tutte le parti. 脠 pura invenzione che gli ebrei tentarono di persuadere i palestinesi a restare, cosa sulla quale s鈥檌nsiste ancora oggi nei libri di scuola israeliani.
Centinaia di migliaia di palestinesi erano gi脿 stati espulsi con la forza ancor prima del conflitto e altre decine di migliaia lo sarebbero state nel corso delle prime settimane di guerra. Per la maggior parte di loro, la data del 15 maggio 1948 allora non aveva un particolare significato: era semplicemente un altro giorno nel tremendo calendario di pulizia etnica che era iniziato pi霉 di cinque mesi prima. I tremendi resoconti della pulizia etnica non offuscarono mai la narrazione ufficiale e popolare israeliana, dato che vennero completamente cancellati.
Campo di rifugiati di Jaramana in Siria.
Pappe, in epigrafe a ogni capitolo, suggerisce il paragone con il caso di pulizia etnica recente a noi pi霉 vicino, quello nei Balcani: solo che qui, gli stessi reati, non hanno privato le vittime, se non altro, del loro diritto a poter ritornare nella propria casa o a essere indennizzate.
Diritto che, invece, al di l脿 del Mediterraneo, Israele non ha mai voluto riconoscere, nonostante la risoluzione dell鈥橭NU.
La tesi di Pappe 猫 che fin tanto che Israele non riconoscer脿 la pulizia etnica compiuta a partire dal 1948, e che in quell鈥檃nno trov貌 la sua massima forza, fino a quando le foreste che sono state piantate sulle macerie dei villaggi arabi derubati e distrutti non riporteranno almeno il nome originario dei luoghi, i colloqui di pace non raggiungeranno mai lo scopo che si prefiggono.
Nel diario di Ben Gurion c鈥櫭� l鈥檌nizio e la spiegazione di tutto:
Noi fonderemo uno Stato cristiano in Libano鈥iegheremo la Transgiordania, bombarderemo Amman e distruggeremo il suo esercito, e allora la Siria cadr脿, e se, ciononostante, l鈥橢gitto continuer脿 a combattere, bombarderemo Porto Said, Alessandria e il Cairo. Questa sar脿 la nostra vendetta per quello che loro (gli Egiziani, gli Aramei e gli Assiri) fecero ai nostri antenati ai tempi della Bibbia.
Belle premesse鈥�
Ben Gurion, perfino Yitzhak Rabin, sono padri fondatori di Israele, personaggi leggendari, in realt脿 furono "volenterosi carnefici" di Iehova.
Nonostante la cura redazionale dell鈥檈ditore Fazi lasci a desiderare (ma come si fa a collocare in fondo al volume tutte le note, che in una ricerca di storia sono per forza di cose numerosissime?!), questo 猫 un libro importante, da non perdere.
Al Nakba 猫 come in arabo si chiama l鈥檈sodo palestinese.
La dieta dimagrante della Palestina a partire dal 1948.
Quand鈥櫭� che una nazione 猫 abbastanza forte e matura da potersi confrontare con il proprio passato?
Me ne vengono in mente diverse, anche non lontane, che ancora non riescono a scendere a patti con una parte del loro passato.
Cominciando proprio da Israele, che non riesce a conciliarsi con la sua stessa genesi.
Rifugiati palestinesi durante l'esodo del 1948. Almeno 700 mila persone furono allontanate con la forza, costrette ad andarsene senza aver mai pi霉 la possibilit脿 di ritornare.
Il 1948 猫 l鈥檃nno del peccato originale, della nascita della colpa.
Ma Pappe dimostra che 猫 l鈥檃nno in cui la colpa viene consumata (o meglio, iniziata a essere consumata, visto che si tratta di operazione che dura a tutt鈥檕ggi), ma i sintomi e i primi istanti di vita di quello che sarebbe successo quell鈥檃nno, quando gli inglesi se ne andarono dalla Palestina, e di quello che 猫 successo nei 65 anni a seguire, fino ai nostri giorni, viene da un po鈥� pi霉 lontano, da quando i sionisti decisero che la Palestina era la loro Terra Promessa, la loro terra assegnata.
Ilan Pappe 猫 uno storico israeliano che appartiene a quella che si pu貌 definire la Nuova Storiografia Israeliana, vive e lavora in Inghilterra, non 猫 molto amato in patria, dove (ma non solo l矛) suscita i soliti rigurgiti di negazionismo.
Questo libro del 2006 猫 basato sullo studio di documenti soltanto da poco messi a disposizione degli storici, quale il diario di Ben Gurion, e i verbali delle riunioni del Comitato di Consulta, l鈥檕rgano decisionale del partito-milizia del movimento sionista, l鈥橦agan脿.
Nella notte del 31 ottobre 1946 tre giovani militanti dell'Irgun, gruppo militante sionista, fecero brillare alcune cariche esplosive piazzate a Villa Bracciano, accanto a Porta Pia, sede dell'ambasciata britannica a Roma. L'edificio, deserto al momento dell'esplosione, venne raso al suolo e quindi ricostruito nel 1971 cos矛 come lo si vede oggi. I sionisti volevano convincere gli inglesi ad abbandonare la Palestina per aver campo libero nel loro piano di pulizia etnica. I palestinesi al contrario avrebbero volentieri trattenuto i britannici.
Gli israeliani hanno sostenuto che la convivenza con gli arabi 猫 sempre stata impossibile a causa delle continue aggressioni che hanno dovuto subire, e che gli arabi se ne sono andati dalla Palestina spontaneamente, abbandonando case beni e villaggi.
Ilan Pappe ribalta questa tesi, la smentisce in toto, e dimostra che abbandono ci fu, ma imposto con l鈥檜so della forza e della violenza da parte degli israeliani, che progettavano gi脿 dagli anni Trenta un vero e proprio programma di pulizia etnica, scientificamente messo in atto dalle autorit脿, sioniste prima e israeliane poi, con l鈥檕biettivo di allargare lo spazio della nascente Israele ben oltre i confini fissati dalle convenzioni internazionali e far s矛 che all鈥檌nterno di questi nuovi confini non ci fossero pi霉 arabi.
Il piano ebbe successo e fu favorito dall鈥檌gnavia della comunit脿 internazionale che, ancora presa dai sensi di colpa per la sua inattivit脿 contro lo sterminio del popolo ebraico in Europa durante la seconda guerra mondiale, si astenne da qualsiasi ingerenza.
Rovine del villaggio palestinese di Suba, presso Gerusalemme, visto dal kibbutz Zova
L鈥檃tteggiamento di Israele a Napoli verrebbe sintetizzato con una magnifica illuminante espressione: 鈥渃hiagne e fotte鈥�.
Cio猫, mentre Israele si lamentava pubblicamente delle (presunte) aggressioni della popolazione araba, organizzava, preparava, iniziava e portava avanti sistematicamente la pulizia etnica del popolo palestinese.
Il mito della fondazione di Israele, secondo il quale appena inizi貌 la guerra ci fu un volontario esodo di palestinesi, fa acqua da tutte le parti. 脠 pura invenzione che gli ebrei tentarono di persuadere i palestinesi a restare, cosa sulla quale s鈥檌nsiste ancora oggi nei libri di scuola israeliani.
Centinaia di migliaia di palestinesi erano gi脿 stati espulsi con la forza ancor prima del conflitto e altre decine di migliaia lo sarebbero state nel corso delle prime settimane di guerra. Per la maggior parte di loro, la data del 15 maggio 1948 allora non aveva un particolare significato: era semplicemente un altro giorno nel tremendo calendario di pulizia etnica che era iniziato pi霉 di cinque mesi prima. I tremendi resoconti della pulizia etnica non offuscarono mai la narrazione ufficiale e popolare israeliana, dato che vennero completamente cancellati.
Campo di rifugiati di Jaramana in Siria.
Pappe, in epigrafe a ogni capitolo, suggerisce il paragone con il caso di pulizia etnica recente a noi pi霉 vicino, quello nei Balcani: solo che qui, gli stessi reati, non hanno privato le vittime, se non altro, del loro diritto a poter ritornare nella propria casa o a essere indennizzate.
Diritto che, invece, al di l脿 del Mediterraneo, Israele non ha mai voluto riconoscere, nonostante la risoluzione dell鈥橭NU.
La tesi di Pappe 猫 che fin tanto che Israele non riconoscer脿 la pulizia etnica compiuta a partire dal 1948, e che in quell鈥檃nno trov貌 la sua massima forza, fino a quando le foreste che sono state piantate sulle macerie dei villaggi arabi derubati e distrutti non riporteranno almeno il nome originario dei luoghi, i colloqui di pace non raggiungeranno mai lo scopo che si prefiggono.
Nel diario di Ben Gurion c鈥櫭� l鈥檌nizio e la spiegazione di tutto:
Noi fonderemo uno Stato cristiano in Libano鈥iegheremo la Transgiordania, bombarderemo Amman e distruggeremo il suo esercito, e allora la Siria cadr脿, e se, ciononostante, l鈥橢gitto continuer脿 a combattere, bombarderemo Porto Said, Alessandria e il Cairo. Questa sar脿 la nostra vendetta per quello che loro (gli Egiziani, gli Aramei e gli Assiri) fecero ai nostri antenati ai tempi della Bibbia.
Belle premesse鈥�
Ben Gurion, perfino Yitzhak Rabin, sono padri fondatori di Israele, personaggi leggendari, in realt脿 furono "volenterosi carnefici" di Iehova.
Nonostante la cura redazionale dell鈥檈ditore Fazi lasci a desiderare (ma come si fa a collocare in fondo al volume tutte le note, che in una ricerca di storia sono per forza di cose numerosissime?!), questo 猫 un libro importante, da non perdere.
Al Nakba 猫 come in arabo si chiama l鈥檈sodo palestinese.
La dieta dimagrante della Palestina a partire dal 1948.
July 3, 2018
This book doesn't need a review. It's a piece of living history, it should be school material instead of the lies and rubbish TV churns out on a daily basis. So well documented, so much empathy. So much respect for this man having the courage to write the truth.
November 2, 2024
This book was hard to read. Descriptions of the atrocities committed against Palestinian Arabs fill its pages. The author tells the story of the devastation of rural and urban Palestinian Arab communities during the years of 1947-49, when a modern state of Israel came into being in historic Palestine.
What was the establishment of a sovereign state for one people became the Nakba for another.
The formula of Ben Gurion seems to have been to establish a Jewish state in Palestine on as much land as possible, with as many Jews as possible and as few Arabs as possible. Experience and his pragmatic approach may have shaped Ben Gurion's attitude towards the Arabs in Palestine (cf. ).
To achieve this goal, the Zionist forces had to uproot many local villages and urban communities of Palestinian Arabs. People were expelled. People fled because of the fear of violence. The news of the Deir Yassin massacre terrified local Palestinians.
Terror was used to displace people and deter them from returning home after the guns fell silent and the dust settled.
According to the author, the Jewish leaders used the schemes of the grand mufti, Hajj Amin al-Husseini, and previous tensions between Arabs and Jews in Palestine as a pretext to justify the expulsions of Palestinian Arabs. That said, Avi Shlaim in notes the intransigence of Hajj Amin al-Husseini and his uncompromising opposition to Zionism and the principle of partition.
Unlike the mufti, King Abdullah of Jordan (the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan back then) negotiated with the Zionist leaders that he would annex part of Palestine (East Jerusalem and the modern-day West Bank).
From what we can piece together, the UN partition plan for Palestine was ill-conceived and made without regard for the reality on the ground. Instead of promoting peace and coexistence, it encouraged and reinforced pre-existing division.
Although it is always easier to comment on events in retrospect, certain mistakes could probably have been avoided.
Interestingly, the US suggested postponing partition and establishing "an international trusteeship over Palestine for five years, during which the two sides would negotiate an agreed solution." This proposal was not adopted.
Papp茅 suggests this was "the most sensible American proposal ever put forward in the history of Palestine." But perhaps Anglo-American suggestions for a settlement made in 1955 can also be mentioned as an attempt to resolve the conflict between Israel and the Arab states.
The plan may have had many shortcomings, but it included repatriation of a limited number of Palestinian refugees and compensation for the rest.
The author explains that at the core of the long-lasting conflict lies the problem of the people who became refugees in the 1948 war. Since then, there have been several UN resolutions that acknowledge the right of return of Palestinian refugees.
Israel denied its responsibility for the tragedy of the Palestinians in 1948, placing all the blame at the doorstep of the Arab governments.
Israel's aim at that time was to preserve the postwar demographic and territorial status quo.
Ilan听Papp茅 is unafraid of moral judgments, and his support for the Palestinian cause is evident throughout the text. The book contains emotionally charged passages.
The author challenges the Israeli narrative and certain myths of Zionism. One such trope is Ben Gurion's claim that the infant state was in existential danger. According to Pappe, these claims were made mostly for public consumption. Israeli leaders were aware that the neighboring Arab states were incapable of defeating the better-equipped and trained Jewish forces. To support his argument, Papp茅 uses Ben Gurion's diary entries and correspondence.
One can conclude that the Palestinians were much less prepared to fight and didn't have strong leadership compared to the Israelis. Moreover, the Israelis managed to obtain weapons from the Soviet block when they needed them most.
I think this is an important work that sheds light on the suffering of the Palestinians and the failure of the international community to help them. But to form a fuller picture and understand the context, one has to learn about the interwar period when the tensions between the two populations were increasing in the region and read about other perspectives. This book does not elaborate on certain considerable variables that shaped the conflict and does not always explain the motivation behind the decisions of the principal actors. I wish the author had included more of the sources he used in his work.
3.75 stars
What was the establishment of a sovereign state for one people became the Nakba for another.
The formula of Ben Gurion seems to have been to establish a Jewish state in Palestine on as much land as possible, with as many Jews as possible and as few Arabs as possible. Experience and his pragmatic approach may have shaped Ben Gurion's attitude towards the Arabs in Palestine (cf. ).
To achieve this goal, the Zionist forces had to uproot many local villages and urban communities of Palestinian Arabs. People were expelled. People fled because of the fear of violence. The news of the Deir Yassin massacre terrified local Palestinians.
Terror was used to displace people and deter them from returning home after the guns fell silent and the dust settled.
According to the author, the Jewish leaders used the schemes of the grand mufti, Hajj Amin al-Husseini, and previous tensions between Arabs and Jews in Palestine as a pretext to justify the expulsions of Palestinian Arabs. That said, Avi Shlaim in notes the intransigence of Hajj Amin al-Husseini and his uncompromising opposition to Zionism and the principle of partition.
Unlike the mufti, King Abdullah of Jordan (the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan back then) negotiated with the Zionist leaders that he would annex part of Palestine (East Jerusalem and the modern-day West Bank).
From what we can piece together, the UN partition plan for Palestine was ill-conceived and made without regard for the reality on the ground. Instead of promoting peace and coexistence, it encouraged and reinforced pre-existing division.
Although it is always easier to comment on events in retrospect, certain mistakes could probably have been avoided.
Interestingly, the US suggested postponing partition and establishing "an international trusteeship over Palestine for five years, during which the two sides would negotiate an agreed solution." This proposal was not adopted.
Papp茅 suggests this was "the most sensible American proposal ever put forward in the history of Palestine." But perhaps Anglo-American suggestions for a settlement made in 1955 can also be mentioned as an attempt to resolve the conflict between Israel and the Arab states.
The plan may have had many shortcomings, but it included repatriation of a limited number of Palestinian refugees and compensation for the rest.
The author explains that at the core of the long-lasting conflict lies the problem of the people who became refugees in the 1948 war. Since then, there have been several UN resolutions that acknowledge the right of return of Palestinian refugees.
Israel denied its responsibility for the tragedy of the Palestinians in 1948, placing all the blame at the doorstep of the Arab governments.
Israel's aim at that time was to preserve the postwar demographic and territorial status quo.
Ilan听Papp茅 is unafraid of moral judgments, and his support for the Palestinian cause is evident throughout the text. The book contains emotionally charged passages.
The author challenges the Israeli narrative and certain myths of Zionism. One such trope is Ben Gurion's claim that the infant state was in existential danger. According to Pappe, these claims were made mostly for public consumption. Israeli leaders were aware that the neighboring Arab states were incapable of defeating the better-equipped and trained Jewish forces. To support his argument, Papp茅 uses Ben Gurion's diary entries and correspondence.
One can conclude that the Palestinians were much less prepared to fight and didn't have strong leadership compared to the Israelis. Moreover, the Israelis managed to obtain weapons from the Soviet block when they needed them most.
I think this is an important work that sheds light on the suffering of the Palestinians and the failure of the international community to help them. But to form a fuller picture and understand the context, one has to learn about the interwar period when the tensions between the two populations were increasing in the region and read about other perspectives. This book does not elaborate on certain considerable variables that shaped the conflict and does not always explain the motivation behind the decisions of the principal actors. I wish the author had included more of the sources he used in his work.
3.75 stars
February 9, 2017
丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳
賮賷 丕賱賵賯鬲 丕賱匕賷 賷禺賵囟 賮賷賴 兀亘胤丕賱 丕賱賯爻丕賲 賲毓乇賰丞 噩丿賷丿丞 賲毓 丕賱毓丿賵 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷貙 賯乇乇鬲 兀賳 丕賯乇兀 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱賲賴賲 噩丿丕賸 賱賱賲丐乇禺 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷 廿賷賱丕賳 亘丕亘賴貙 鬲兀鬲賷 兀賴賲賷丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賳 毓丿丞 毓賵丕賲賱貙 兀賵賱賴丕 賵賱丕 乇賷亘 賲賳 兀賳 賲丐賱賮賴 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷貙 賵賴匕丕 賷賳夭毓 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賷 卮亘賴丞 鬲毓丕胤賮 賲毓 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳貙 賵賷噩毓賱賳丕 賳賮鬲乇囟 兀賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 爻賷賰賵賳 賮賷 兀丨爻賳 丕賱兀丨賵丕賱 賲丨丕賷丿丕賸貙 丕賱兀賲乇 丕賱丌禺乇 賴賵 丕毓鬲賲丕丿賴 毓賱賶 賵孬丕卅賯 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞 鬲毓賵丿 廿賱賶 賲丕 賯亘賱 賯賷丕賲 丕賱丿賵賱丞 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞貙 賲賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賵孬丕卅賯 賲乇丕爻賱丕鬲 丕賱噩賷卮 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷貙 賵賲賳賴丕 賰匕賱賰 賷賵賲賷丕鬲 亘賳 睾賵乇賷賵賳貙 賵亘毓囟 丕賱賵孬丕卅賯 丕賱兀禺乇賶.
賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賴匕丕 賰賱賴 賷賴丿賲 廿賷賱丕賳 亘丕亘賴 賰賱 兀爻丕胤賷乇 賳卮賵亍 丿賵賱丞 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱貙 賵賷賰卮賮 兀賳 賯賷丕賲 鬲賱賰 丕賱丿賵賱丞 賱賲 賷賰賳 廿賱丕 睾胤乇爻丞 賲乇毓亘丞貙 賵鬲胤賴賷乇丕賸 毓乇賯賷丕賸 賲丕乇爻賴 丕賱賷賴賵丿 囟丿 丕賱毓乇亘貙 賷賰卮賮 亘丕亘賴 亘賰賱 鬲賮氐賷賱 賲丕 丨丿孬 賯亘賱 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱丕賳鬲丿丕亘 禺賱丕賱 爻賳丞 1947 賲貙 賲賳 丨賲賱丕鬲 鬲胤賴賷乇 賱賱賯乇賶 賵丕賱賲丿賳 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 鬲卮賲賱 賯鬲賱 賵胤乇丿 賵賴丿賲 賲賳丕夭賱 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳貙 賰賲丕 賷賰卮賮 賱賱兀爻賮 丕賱禺賷丕賳丕鬲 賵丕賱鬲禺亘胤丕鬲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 兀賵氐賱鬲 丕賱毓乇亘 賵丕賱賯囟賷丞 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞 廿賱賶 賲丕 賴賷 毓賱賷賴 丕賱丌賳.
賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 噩丿丕賸 賵卮噩丕毓.
July 2, 2020
What's "ethnic cleansing"?
Using numerous documents from Israeli government archives, entries from David Ben-Gurion's personal diary, and eyewitness accounts from Palestinian victims, Israeli historian Ilan Pappe makes a strong case that the Zionists, using most of the methods mentioned in the report, ethnically cleansed Palestine of most of its native Palestinian population in the 1948 war. Zionist soldiers and members of former terrorist groups during Mandate times used violence and terror against Palestinians civilians. They also murdered, raped, and imprisoned Palestinians and forced the survivors to walk countless miles to refugee camps in other countries. Looters stole the contents of many Palestinian homes, which the owners were forced to abandon. Afterwards, the Zionists obliterated almost all evidence that Palestinians had ever lived in Palestine for centuries.
Pappe maintains that the Zionists had another reason for obliterating most traces of Palestinian villages and towns: to prevent their occupants and descendants from ever returning to their homes and native homeland again.
Pappe also exploded key myths in the Zionists' narrative of Israel's creation. Here are just a few:
Peppe advocates a one-state solution to the Palestinian-Israeli problem. Israel should become a civic, democratic state in which Jews and Palestinians can live peacefully together, like they used to do before the Zionists destroyed everything.
Pappe makes a strong case in defense of the Palestinians and his book includes copious end notes. Anyone who is interested in why there seems to be no solution to the Palestinian-Israeli problem should read this book because it gives a different point of view from the prevailing one.
According to the final report of a United Nations Commission of Experts who investigated Yugoslavia's violation of humanitarian laws in 1994, ethnic cleansing is: ". . . a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas . . ."
The report goes on to state that ways to forcibly expel unwanted civilian populations by ethnic cleansing can include "murder, torture, arbitrary arrest and detention, extrajudicial executions, rape and sexual assaults, severe physical injury to civilians, confinement of civilian population in ghetto areas, forcible removal, displacement and deportation of civilian population, deliberate military attacks or threats of attacks on civilians and civilian areas, use of civilians as human shields, destruction of property, robbery of personal property, attacks on hospitals, medical personnel, and locations with the Red Cross/Red Crescent emblem, among others."
The UN Commission of Experts states that the above practices ". . . constitute crimes against humanity and can be assimilated to specific war crimes. Furthermore, such acts could also fall within the meaning of the Genocide Convention.鈥� (UN Commission of Experts)
Using numerous documents from Israeli government archives, entries from David Ben-Gurion's personal diary, and eyewitness accounts from Palestinian victims, Israeli historian Ilan Pappe makes a strong case that the Zionists, using most of the methods mentioned in the report, ethnically cleansed Palestine of most of its native Palestinian population in the 1948 war. Zionist soldiers and members of former terrorist groups during Mandate times used violence and terror against Palestinians civilians. They also murdered, raped, and imprisoned Palestinians and forced the survivors to walk countless miles to refugee camps in other countries. Looters stole the contents of many Palestinian homes, which the owners were forced to abandon. Afterwards, the Zionists obliterated almost all evidence that Palestinians had ever lived in Palestine for centuries.
Pappe maintains that the Zionists had another reason for obliterating most traces of Palestinian villages and towns: to prevent their occupants and descendants from ever returning to their homes and native homeland again.
Pappe also exploded key myths in the Zionists' narrative of Israel's creation. Here are just a few:
The Zionists were the victims of Palestinian and Arab aggression. Actually, the Zionists were the victimizers. One thing that really frustrated David Ben-Gurion and others Zionists was the Palestinians' passiveness. They didn't respond to the Zionists' repeated provocations that would justify attacking and expelling them. The Palestinians just wanted to live in their country in peace. In the end, the Zionists initiated the violence.
The Zionists were fighting a desperate war of survival. Actually, Israel was never in danger of being defeated by the Palestinians or by the Arab armies. The Zionists had two narratives. The public one was that they were fighting for survival. The secret-but-true narrative was that there was no chance of their losing. In fact, while they were fighting their so-called war of survival, Israeli soldiers and former terrorists were also shelling Palestinian villages and towns, indiscriminately killing, massacring -- and even raping -- the inhabitants, and forcing them out of their homes and into refugee camps in other countries. Many of the villages and towns had existed for centuries. Some contained both Palestinians and Jews who had been living together peacefully for centuries as friends and neighbors.
Israel is the only democracy in the Middle East. Actually, Israel is an apartheid state because of its treatment of the Palestinians who remain in Israel. Israel also treats certain groups of Jews as second-class citizens.
The Camp David negotiations in 2000 failed because Yassir Arafat refused to negotiate. Actually, Arafat wasn't allowed to negotiate because the U.S. allowed Israel to set the terms for peace. No right of return. No Jerusalem as the Palestinians' capital. Arafat refused to sign the document because it violated UN Resolution 194, which recognized the Palestinians' right to return to their homes. By signing the document, Arafat would have betrayed his people.
Peppe advocates a one-state solution to the Palestinian-Israeli problem. Israel should become a civic, democratic state in which Jews and Palestinians can live peacefully together, like they used to do before the Zionists destroyed everything.
Pappe makes a strong case in defense of the Palestinians and his book includes copious end notes. Anyone who is interested in why there seems to be no solution to the Palestinian-Israeli problem should read this book because it gives a different point of view from the prevailing one.
February 14, 2022
Zionist views have been overwhelmingly influential in the United States. "The Story of Israel" that I place in quotation marks to indicate its mythological nature, has been presented repeatedly, but most famously in the novel and movie, "Exodus". It is the story of victims struggling to an empty land where they make the desert bloom and stand proudly with weapons in hand shouting "never again".
This appealing, heroic, justice-loving scenario is a fabrication. Ilan Papp茅, an Israeli Jew, has, in this book, presented the facts upon which true justice must be based.
From its inception late in the 19th century, mainstream Zionism, considered early on as a kind of lunatic-fringe within Judaism, put forth the clearing of the indigenous people, the Arabs living in Palestine, as a necessity for the creation of a Jewish majority there. So it has happened.
Zionism struggled before WW2 because not enough Jews were interested in going to Palestine, but the holocaust put the movement over the top, not only providing the necessary influx but also creating a feeling of guilt among the nations of the world (not least Germany) that was leveraged into the creation of the State of Israel and its financing and militarization since (read The Holocaust Industry by Norman Finkelstein). It should be noted that most of the survivors of the holocaust wanted to go to the United States, not Palestine, but the US did not open its doors to them, a shameful thing.
This book is a detailed accounting of the horrors that occurred - the forced evacuation of hundreds of villages, executions of villagers (over 31 events are considered massacres), blowing up houses or setting fire to them with the residents inside, military attacks on unarmed civilians - pure terror by the folks who loudly denounce terror.
The contrast to what happened in the 1990's in Kosovo is startling, particularly in view of the NATO bombing that took place to stop the ethnic slaughter compared to the lack of any effort to stop the cleansing of Palestine. In fact, the United States cannot do enough to help the process as it continues to this day.
Israel, like the United States, is a country founded on injustice. The process could take place hidden away in the vastness of the American west in the 19th century, but with Israel it has been quite obvious all along. Shockingly, the world has stood by, impotent in the face of the "special relationship" between the US and Israel fostered by the political power of Zionists in the United States. This history is a blot on both countries. The ethic-cleansing has proceeded only because of US protection and not a few American Jews hold dual citizenship, having taken up residence in the Israeli settlements specifically to take the land from the natives.
As the Senate confirmation hearing on Chuck Hagel demonstrated conclusively, Congress is the puppet of Zionism. Senators fell all over themselves questioning Hagel about his views on Israel while all other matters were secondary.
Americans should wake up to the reality of Israel, a county that is injustice institutionalized, a living example of everything the American civil rights movement was out to end. The founders of the state of Israel were full, eager participants in the eviction of the Palestinians, the destruction of their homes and villages and the deliberate erasure of the evidence continued to this day by the planting of "forests" by the Jewish National Fund. All the facts are evident in the archives and in particular the diary of David Ben-Gurion, who happily viewed empty villages flushed of the Arab residents. This history is an outrage that any person, Jewish or not, should find revolting.
There is only one future for Israel - as a democracy for all people, not a place for one group. Jewish Israelis to ride herd on others. This will come as surely as it did in South Africa. The BDS (boycott, divestment and sanctions) movement is a great way to make progress in this.
When one's nation does wrong, only a small minority of citizens will have the courage to point it out. My deepest respect to Professor Papp茅, who was hounded out of Israel and now teaches in Great Britain, for this outstanding documentary work. My deepest apologies to the Palestinian people who have endured decades of injustice and are readily labeled terrorists by those ignorant of the past and the people.
This appealing, heroic, justice-loving scenario is a fabrication. Ilan Papp茅, an Israeli Jew, has, in this book, presented the facts upon which true justice must be based.
From its inception late in the 19th century, mainstream Zionism, considered early on as a kind of lunatic-fringe within Judaism, put forth the clearing of the indigenous people, the Arabs living in Palestine, as a necessity for the creation of a Jewish majority there. So it has happened.
Zionism struggled before WW2 because not enough Jews were interested in going to Palestine, but the holocaust put the movement over the top, not only providing the necessary influx but also creating a feeling of guilt among the nations of the world (not least Germany) that was leveraged into the creation of the State of Israel and its financing and militarization since (read The Holocaust Industry by Norman Finkelstein). It should be noted that most of the survivors of the holocaust wanted to go to the United States, not Palestine, but the US did not open its doors to them, a shameful thing.
This book is a detailed accounting of the horrors that occurred - the forced evacuation of hundreds of villages, executions of villagers (over 31 events are considered massacres), blowing up houses or setting fire to them with the residents inside, military attacks on unarmed civilians - pure terror by the folks who loudly denounce terror.
The contrast to what happened in the 1990's in Kosovo is startling, particularly in view of the NATO bombing that took place to stop the ethnic slaughter compared to the lack of any effort to stop the cleansing of Palestine. In fact, the United States cannot do enough to help the process as it continues to this day.
Israel, like the United States, is a country founded on injustice. The process could take place hidden away in the vastness of the American west in the 19th century, but with Israel it has been quite obvious all along. Shockingly, the world has stood by, impotent in the face of the "special relationship" between the US and Israel fostered by the political power of Zionists in the United States. This history is a blot on both countries. The ethic-cleansing has proceeded only because of US protection and not a few American Jews hold dual citizenship, having taken up residence in the Israeli settlements specifically to take the land from the natives.
As the Senate confirmation hearing on Chuck Hagel demonstrated conclusively, Congress is the puppet of Zionism. Senators fell all over themselves questioning Hagel about his views on Israel while all other matters were secondary.
Americans should wake up to the reality of Israel, a county that is injustice institutionalized, a living example of everything the American civil rights movement was out to end. The founders of the state of Israel were full, eager participants in the eviction of the Palestinians, the destruction of their homes and villages and the deliberate erasure of the evidence continued to this day by the planting of "forests" by the Jewish National Fund. All the facts are evident in the archives and in particular the diary of David Ben-Gurion, who happily viewed empty villages flushed of the Arab residents. This history is an outrage that any person, Jewish or not, should find revolting.
There is only one future for Israel - as a democracy for all people, not a place for one group. Jewish Israelis to ride herd on others. This will come as surely as it did in South Africa. The BDS (boycott, divestment and sanctions) movement is a great way to make progress in this.
When one's nation does wrong, only a small minority of citizens will have the courage to point it out. My deepest respect to Professor Papp茅, who was hounded out of Israel and now teaches in Great Britain, for this outstanding documentary work. My deepest apologies to the Palestinian people who have endured decades of injustice and are readily labeled terrorists by those ignorant of the past and the people.
November 4, 2023
賯氐賮貙 賵乇氐丕氐貙 賵丿賲貙 賵鬲賴噩賷乇貙 賵廿亘丕丿丞 賰丕賲賱丞 賲賳 毓卮乇丕鬲 丕賱爻賳賷賳
賵賱賵 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 噩夭亍 鬲丕賳賷 賮賲卮 賲丨鬲丕噩 鬲賯乇丕賴
!兀賳鬲 亘鬲卮賵賮賴 "賱丕賷賮" 丕賱兀賷丕賲 丿賷 毓賱賶 賯賳丕丞 丕賱噩夭賷乇丞
賱丨丿 廿賲鬲賶 賴賳爻鬲丨賲賱 賳卮賵賮 兀卮賱丕亍 廿禺賵丕鬲賳丕 賵丿賲賴賲 賲睾乇賯賷賳 丕賱兀乇囟 賯丿丕賲 毓賷賳賷賳丕 賵亘賳鬲賮乇噩責
賱丨丿 廿賲鬲賶 賴賳賮囟賱 賳鬲匕賱 賲賳 卮賵賷丞 兀賳噩丕爻 賵爻丕賰鬲賷賳責
賱丨丿 廿賲鬲賶 賴賳爻鬲丨賲賱 丕賱賯賴乇 丿賴 賷丕 乇亘責
賱賵 賲賳鬲馗乇 賲賳賷 賲乇丕噩毓丞 毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 賱賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賮丌爻賮 賱賵 賴禺賷亘 馗賳賰貙 賱賰賳 賰賱 丕賱賱賷 賲賲賰賳 兀賯賵賱賴: 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丿賴 賱丕夭賲 賱丕夭賲 賷鬲賯乇兀貙 賵丕賱賳賴丕乇丿丞 賯亘賱 亘賰乇丞
賵賱賵 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 噩夭亍 鬲丕賳賷 賮賲卮 賲丨鬲丕噩 鬲賯乇丕賴
!兀賳鬲 亘鬲卮賵賮賴 "賱丕賷賮" 丕賱兀賷丕賲 丿賷 毓賱賶 賯賳丕丞 丕賱噩夭賷乇丞
賱丨丿 廿賲鬲賶 賴賳爻鬲丨賲賱 賳卮賵賮 兀卮賱丕亍 廿禺賵丕鬲賳丕 賵丿賲賴賲 賲睾乇賯賷賳 丕賱兀乇囟 賯丿丕賲 毓賷賳賷賳丕 賵亘賳鬲賮乇噩責
賱丨丿 廿賲鬲賶 賴賳賮囟賱 賳鬲匕賱 賲賳 卮賵賷丞 兀賳噩丕爻 賵爻丕賰鬲賷賳責
賱丨丿 廿賲鬲賶 賴賳爻鬲丨賲賱 丕賱賯賴乇 丿賴 賷丕 乇亘責
賱賵 賲賳鬲馗乇 賲賳賷 賲乇丕噩毓丞 毓賯賱丕賳賷丞 賱賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賮丌爻賮 賱賵 賴禺賷亘 馗賳賰貙 賱賰賳 賰賱 丕賱賱賷 賲賲賰賳 兀賯賵賱賴: 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丿賴 賱丕夭賲 賱丕夭賲 賷鬲賯乇兀貙 賵丕賱賳賴丕乇丿丞 賯亘賱 亘賰乇丞
September 27, 2011
I thought I knew the history of Israel's annexation of Palestine but this was a totally shocking account! I can't believe Britain reneged so emphatically on its promise to allow the Palestinians independence. The UN also must be ashamed of its duplicitous role.
Ilan Pappe is a Jewish academic who cannot be accused of anti-semitism. He just wants people to know what really happened. Israel is guilty of war crimes aided and abetted by Britain and the UN.
It is particularly important to read this now that Palestine has applied for recgnition as a state at the UN. How can this be denied when the UN allowed Israel without any impediment?
I was absorbed by this book and recommend it to all.
Ilan Pappe is a Jewish academic who cannot be accused of anti-semitism. He just wants people to know what really happened. Israel is guilty of war crimes aided and abetted by Britain and the UN.
It is particularly important to read this now that Palestine has applied for recgnition as a state at the UN. How can this be denied when the UN allowed Israel without any impediment?
I was absorbed by this book and recommend it to all.
June 14, 2024
Great for: people wanting to learn in depth about the Nakba of 1948-49, where Israel k*lled/displaced hundreds of thousands of Palestinians. This provides context via before and after the Nakba, but does not go into detail about any other major events.
Israeli historian, Ilan Papp茅, tells the story of the Palestinian people who have not had a voice in Western media for so long. It鈥檚 not an easy read. He tells the story of terrible terrible atrocities - some of which are still happening - done to Palestinians in order for the country of Israel to exist. While I thought I knew a decent amount, this book - referencing Ben-Gurion鈥檚 diaries, military correspondences and reports, and first hand accounts - goes into such detail about the Nakba that it makes you truly angry about how well hidden this event has been. The parallels of what happened then and what is happening now are so important and are really shown here.
The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine primarily focuses on the Nakba of 1948-1949 where many thousands of Palestinians were massacred and hundreds of thousands were displaced from their homes, which they have never been able to go back to. In addition to the Nakba, Papp茅 explains how this was allowed to happen and gives a short overview of a few things that happened from 1949-2006 and their implications. While this isn鈥檛 an all-inclusive history, I would highly recommend this book to anyone who is trying to learn more about what is going on in Palestine, especially the first Nakba.
This starts my reading of books about Palestine and/or by Palestinian authors. I definitely expected my reading for this month to go a little differently, but I cannot focus on anything else and feel the need to educate myself as much as possible.
Israeli historian, Ilan Papp茅, tells the story of the Palestinian people who have not had a voice in Western media for so long. It鈥檚 not an easy read. He tells the story of terrible terrible atrocities - some of which are still happening - done to Palestinians in order for the country of Israel to exist. While I thought I knew a decent amount, this book - referencing Ben-Gurion鈥檚 diaries, military correspondences and reports, and first hand accounts - goes into such detail about the Nakba that it makes you truly angry about how well hidden this event has been. The parallels of what happened then and what is happening now are so important and are really shown here.
The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine primarily focuses on the Nakba of 1948-1949 where many thousands of Palestinians were massacred and hundreds of thousands were displaced from their homes, which they have never been able to go back to. In addition to the Nakba, Papp茅 explains how this was allowed to happen and gives a short overview of a few things that happened from 1949-2006 and their implications. While this isn鈥檛 an all-inclusive history, I would highly recommend this book to anyone who is trying to learn more about what is going on in Palestine, especially the first Nakba.
This starts my reading of books about Palestine and/or by Palestinian authors. I definitely expected my reading for this month to go a little differently, but I cannot focus on anything else and feel the need to educate myself as much as possible.
November 11, 2024
This is my second time reading this book. I thought it was pertinent to the current climate.
I won't say much except that it gives a very detailed review beginning in 1948, the Nakkba and the displacement of over 800,000 Palestinians and the deaths of thousands.
The author, Illan Pape is a Jewish Israeli historian. He searched archives and many documented records to put together his book. I found it to be very credible.
The historical facts of this book are dark and disturbing, often hard to swallow, but so important to the current conflict.
I won't give any more details, but I will say it's an important read based on concrete research done through his life.
4.5/5 stars
I won't say much except that it gives a very detailed review beginning in 1948, the Nakkba and the displacement of over 800,000 Palestinians and the deaths of thousands.
The author, Illan Pape is a Jewish Israeli historian. He searched archives and many documented records to put together his book. I found it to be very credible.
The historical facts of this book are dark and disturbing, often hard to swallow, but so important to the current conflict.
I won't give any more details, but I will say it's an important read based on concrete research done through his life.
4.5/5 stars
December 13, 2012
I first read The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine by Ilan Pappe, one of the "Israeli New Historians" who looked at the archived materials from Cabinet meetings, politician diaries, Israel Defence Force orders etc... after they were eventually released forty years after 1948. I read Pappe following the a challenge by an politically anti-Israel Jewish friend of mine who teaches in Philosophy at UNSW.
I found Pappe's book painful as he outlined the atrocities committed by Israel - even though I was mindful of the one-sided non-contextual facts that Pappe was describing, and the consequent one-sided idealistic anti-Israel interpretation. It was painful because, as a Jew, I couldn't help feeling 'ASHamed' (as a Jew) to be just like all the other racist nationalists the world over - Christian, Buddhist, Leftist, Rightist or Muslim.
I followed Pappe up with Benny Morris' book, knowing that Morris was one of the first of the "New Historians" to look at the historical material. Morris offers the balanced contextual background to Pappe's propaganda diatribe - with a 19th century starting point instead of one which commences in 1948. Morris accepts Pappe's atrocities but he also outlines the earlier Arab atrocities; he describes the self-delusion, corruption and moral bankruptcy of Arab leadership as well as the errors of strategy and internecine rivalries of the Arab elites; and he writes his history aware of the dynamics and uncertainties that are integral to war - in contrast to Pappe's simplistic interpretation of evil consequence being a result of evil desire.
Following the reading of both books I have come to the conclusion that there will NOT be any peace between Israel and the Palestinians until both sides recognise the atrocities and the errors of judgement that they have committed. At this stage, each side only looks at the atrocities the other side has committed, though I suspect that because of more freedom of speech and political-commercial transparency-accountability, there are more Jews, Israelis and Westerners who recognise the 'evils' of their ways than there are Muslims, Arabs and Palestinians who recognise the 'evils' of their ways.
War is evil - no doubt about that. War is two-sided - no doubt about that, either. The tit-for-tat strategy that both sides use has not produced peace in the near-term and there is no reason to believe tit-for-tat will bring peace in the long-term.
It is well to keep in mind that existence and honour seem to be two infinite values. Jews and Israelis see this conflict, following centuries of oppression and last century's attempt at liquidation in terms of existence. Simultaneously, Muslims and Arabs see the past century in terms of humiliation and loss of honour. At this stage in our history, non-indigenous Westerners in general, and non-Aboriginal Australians in particular, have little understanding of either existential threat or humiliation - and so it is that when I discuss the Middle East with them, I have a sense that they are clueless.
Reading Morris after Pappe is a good ways to become clued-up.
I found Pappe's book painful as he outlined the atrocities committed by Israel - even though I was mindful of the one-sided non-contextual facts that Pappe was describing, and the consequent one-sided idealistic anti-Israel interpretation. It was painful because, as a Jew, I couldn't help feeling 'ASHamed' (as a Jew) to be just like all the other racist nationalists the world over - Christian, Buddhist, Leftist, Rightist or Muslim.
I followed Pappe up with Benny Morris' book, knowing that Morris was one of the first of the "New Historians" to look at the historical material. Morris offers the balanced contextual background to Pappe's propaganda diatribe - with a 19th century starting point instead of one which commences in 1948. Morris accepts Pappe's atrocities but he also outlines the earlier Arab atrocities; he describes the self-delusion, corruption and moral bankruptcy of Arab leadership as well as the errors of strategy and internecine rivalries of the Arab elites; and he writes his history aware of the dynamics and uncertainties that are integral to war - in contrast to Pappe's simplistic interpretation of evil consequence being a result of evil desire.
Following the reading of both books I have come to the conclusion that there will NOT be any peace between Israel and the Palestinians until both sides recognise the atrocities and the errors of judgement that they have committed. At this stage, each side only looks at the atrocities the other side has committed, though I suspect that because of more freedom of speech and political-commercial transparency-accountability, there are more Jews, Israelis and Westerners who recognise the 'evils' of their ways than there are Muslims, Arabs and Palestinians who recognise the 'evils' of their ways.
War is evil - no doubt about that. War is two-sided - no doubt about that, either. The tit-for-tat strategy that both sides use has not produced peace in the near-term and there is no reason to believe tit-for-tat will bring peace in the long-term.
It is well to keep in mind that existence and honour seem to be two infinite values. Jews and Israelis see this conflict, following centuries of oppression and last century's attempt at liquidation in terms of existence. Simultaneously, Muslims and Arabs see the past century in terms of humiliation and loss of honour. At this stage in our history, non-indigenous Westerners in general, and non-Aboriginal Australians in particular, have little understanding of either existential threat or humiliation - and so it is that when I discuss the Middle East with them, I have a sense that they are clueless.
Reading Morris after Pappe is a good ways to become clued-up.
August 2, 2012
The author's thourough and honest discourse is both immaculate and sobering. Pappe proves authoritatively that the actions by a group of supposed Zionists in Israel beginning in 1947 constitute ethnic cleansing. This perpetrated atrocity serves as a prototype for ethnic cleansing similar to that by the Nazis in Germany. According to Pappe, 鈥�(M)ore than half of Palestine鈥檚 native population, close to 800,000, had been uprooted, 531 villages had been destroyed, and eleven urban neighbourhoods emptied of their inhabitants鈥� (p. xiii). The cabal: the Hagana. The plot: plan Dalet, the organized and enforced removal of Palestinians from their homelands. What remained enveloped in misinformation: the Palestinians鈥� story, which is quite excellently illuminated by Pappe.
Pappe described the reality of the war, which unfortunately consisted of large massacres via machine gun and rapes after the habitations of the Palestinians were forcefully taken and generally looted, burned and otherwise destroyed, buried and hidden by new developments. The residents of these villages were barred illegally from return to their homelands. In fact, according to Pappe, U.N. mediator Count Bernadotte was murdered after he proposed 鈥渢he unconditional return of all the refugees鈥� (p. 156). The 鈥榬ight to return鈥� was granted in a UN decision that has been ignored. Justice?
Why did I read this book? I like books about controversial moral issues that raise awareness about injustice. That is, books like this are really milestones of conscious work because they shed light on information that is suppressed in order to oppress a people. One might argue, 鈥榥o, the reason for suppression is fear and the pursuit of self-interests such as safety and security.鈥� And, to that I say that it is important to recognize multiple perspectives. A possible consideration put forth by Pappe: a pluralistic 鈥渃ivic and democratic state鈥� (p. 256). In sum, Pappe has created veracious source for future rhetorical discussions on the issue of The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine.
Also, this book is excellent for the discovery of methods of writing about history.
P.S. The latter discourse is in no way intended to convey bias or prejudice to or towards anyone.
Pappe described the reality of the war, which unfortunately consisted of large massacres via machine gun and rapes after the habitations of the Palestinians were forcefully taken and generally looted, burned and otherwise destroyed, buried and hidden by new developments. The residents of these villages were barred illegally from return to their homelands. In fact, according to Pappe, U.N. mediator Count Bernadotte was murdered after he proposed 鈥渢he unconditional return of all the refugees鈥� (p. 156). The 鈥榬ight to return鈥� was granted in a UN decision that has been ignored. Justice?
Why did I read this book? I like books about controversial moral issues that raise awareness about injustice. That is, books like this are really milestones of conscious work because they shed light on information that is suppressed in order to oppress a people. One might argue, 鈥榥o, the reason for suppression is fear and the pursuit of self-interests such as safety and security.鈥� And, to that I say that it is important to recognize multiple perspectives. A possible consideration put forth by Pappe: a pluralistic 鈥渃ivic and democratic state鈥� (p. 256). In sum, Pappe has created veracious source for future rhetorical discussions on the issue of The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine.
Also, this book is excellent for the discovery of methods of writing about history.
P.S. The latter discourse is in no way intended to convey bias or prejudice to or towards anyone.
November 5, 2023
any sane person with a conscience knows about the nakba by now. but it's one thing to know that in 1948 the israeli forces expelled over 750,000 palestinians from their ancestral homes, and it's another altogether to read in detail just how they went about it, from village to village, executing, expelling, sexually abusing, humiliating.
where i'm from, we learn a lot about the nazi atrocious crimes against jewish, slavic & romani people. we read memoirs, poetry, historical accounts. i remember reading gruesome stories at a way too early an age, that stayed with me till this day. so to say it's absolutely sickening to now read about jews committing a lot of the same barbaric crimes just mere years after the holocaust, is an understatement of my life.
this book is based in a huge part on idf's reports, israeli court cases against its soldiers, diaries of ben-gurion - don't you dare come here and tell me those are all lies.
from the river to the sea!
where i'm from, we learn a lot about the nazi atrocious crimes against jewish, slavic & romani people. we read memoirs, poetry, historical accounts. i remember reading gruesome stories at a way too early an age, that stayed with me till this day. so to say it's absolutely sickening to now read about jews committing a lot of the same barbaric crimes just mere years after the holocaust, is an understatement of my life.
this book is based in a huge part on idf's reports, israeli court cases against its soldiers, diaries of ben-gurion - don't you dare come here and tell me those are all lies.
from the river to the sea!
June 12, 2021
An eye-opening and heart-wrenching read which I would recommend to anyone who wishes to be slightly enlightened about the Israel-Palestine 鈥渃onflict鈥�. Spoiler alert: It鈥檚 not a conflict; it is a systematic and cruel expulsion of people in a bid to further establish racial supremacy.
鈥淓thnic Cleansing of Palestine鈥� by Israeli historian Ilan Papp茅 is a painstaking account of how the all-too often forgotten Nakba of 1948, wherein Zionists carried out the mass evacuation of Arabs and attempted to expand their own territory so as to construct a country which was solely devoted to Jews, was perpetuated.
Papp茅, therefore, attempts to explore both the mechanism of this ethnic cleansing as well as the cognitive system that allowed the world to move on from the Nakba like it never happened. What follows is a shocking revelation of world history that not only exhibits the utmost cruelty that human nature is capable of performing but also how the US, Britain, and the UN are instrumental in allowing the massacre of innocents to take place.
I am adding a warning that this book is not for the faint-hearted.
The book starts off with Papp茅 describing what Ethnic Cleansing actually means. He refers to the definition of the same in international law and then tries to portray to his readers that what took place in Palestine in 1948 falls squarely within the definition of ethnic cleansing. In a horrifying twist of events, the Nakba is celebrated as the War of Independence by Israelis and the fact that a section of society was almost wiped out at the hands of a superior military power is buried. In fact, surfing through the Jewish National Fund website after reading this book caused major cognitive dissonance for me because the website completely erases even the existence of a civilization prior to 1948.
Papp茅 then describes how the drive for an exclusively Jewish State unfolded by not only delving into what the Zionism as a religious ideology entails by referring to the philosophy of Theodor Herzl, but also by getting into the practicalities that were concocted by people such as David Ben-Gurion, who was the architect of the Nakba (and undoubtedly as vicious as Hitler, which is ironic because here the victims of the Holocaust have become the perpetrators).
A moral question that I encountered was, how could the same people who faced the most unimaginable atrocities on account of their race a mere few years back allow and perpetrate the same crimes? This is also a question that Papp茅 wanted to explore but came up empty-handed.
Anyway, this is not simply a book that explains the happening of the Nakba; it is a pure documentation of how each and every village with Arabs was 鈥渃leansed鈥�. And cleansing is not confined to merely expulsion of people in villages; it includes the destruction of the hard work, the history, and the culture of every village. It was almost painful to read this; so much just lost to greed and barbarity.
He further deals with what allowed the Zionist ideology to bloom and how Ben-Gurion was able to execute his plan with the aid of international support/non-support, including alliances with the King of Transjordan, Western guilt stemming from the Holocaust as well as major missteps taken by the UN. It鈥檚 enough to invoke a river of fury in you, and also explains the origins of the PLO, Hamas and the Intifada.
Despite dealing with such a heavy topic, the book is extremely accessible and is replete with the smallest of details about the Nakba. A fact that I admired about Pappe was that even after writing about how costive the Jews have been toward repatriation of the Arabs, he still holds out hope for the Right to Return of the refugees and possible peace in the region. Is there a chance of that happening? Only time will tell.
PS: While reading this, it was hard to not draw parallels between Zionism and Hindutva. Much of the rhetoric pertaining to establishing a pure religious entity without the presence of Muslims is quite indistinguishable. Even the beginnings of the Nakba are eerily similar, with the disengagement of the British and then the Partition. A personal opinion, but things would have been horribly different had we had any other leader other than Nehru (despite all his failings) during our nascent years.
鈥淓thnic Cleansing of Palestine鈥� by Israeli historian Ilan Papp茅 is a painstaking account of how the all-too often forgotten Nakba of 1948, wherein Zionists carried out the mass evacuation of Arabs and attempted to expand their own territory so as to construct a country which was solely devoted to Jews, was perpetuated.
Papp茅, therefore, attempts to explore both the mechanism of this ethnic cleansing as well as the cognitive system that allowed the world to move on from the Nakba like it never happened. What follows is a shocking revelation of world history that not only exhibits the utmost cruelty that human nature is capable of performing but also how the US, Britain, and the UN are instrumental in allowing the massacre of innocents to take place.
I am adding a warning that this book is not for the faint-hearted.
The book starts off with Papp茅 describing what Ethnic Cleansing actually means. He refers to the definition of the same in international law and then tries to portray to his readers that what took place in Palestine in 1948 falls squarely within the definition of ethnic cleansing. In a horrifying twist of events, the Nakba is celebrated as the War of Independence by Israelis and the fact that a section of society was almost wiped out at the hands of a superior military power is buried. In fact, surfing through the Jewish National Fund website after reading this book caused major cognitive dissonance for me because the website completely erases even the existence of a civilization prior to 1948.
Papp茅 then describes how the drive for an exclusively Jewish State unfolded by not only delving into what the Zionism as a religious ideology entails by referring to the philosophy of Theodor Herzl, but also by getting into the practicalities that were concocted by people such as David Ben-Gurion, who was the architect of the Nakba (and undoubtedly as vicious as Hitler, which is ironic because here the victims of the Holocaust have become the perpetrators).
A moral question that I encountered was, how could the same people who faced the most unimaginable atrocities on account of their race a mere few years back allow and perpetrate the same crimes? This is also a question that Papp茅 wanted to explore but came up empty-handed.
Anyway, this is not simply a book that explains the happening of the Nakba; it is a pure documentation of how each and every village with Arabs was 鈥渃leansed鈥�. And cleansing is not confined to merely expulsion of people in villages; it includes the destruction of the hard work, the history, and the culture of every village. It was almost painful to read this; so much just lost to greed and barbarity.
He further deals with what allowed the Zionist ideology to bloom and how Ben-Gurion was able to execute his plan with the aid of international support/non-support, including alliances with the King of Transjordan, Western guilt stemming from the Holocaust as well as major missteps taken by the UN. It鈥檚 enough to invoke a river of fury in you, and also explains the origins of the PLO, Hamas and the Intifada.
Despite dealing with such a heavy topic, the book is extremely accessible and is replete with the smallest of details about the Nakba. A fact that I admired about Pappe was that even after writing about how costive the Jews have been toward repatriation of the Arabs, he still holds out hope for the Right to Return of the refugees and possible peace in the region. Is there a chance of that happening? Only time will tell.
PS: While reading this, it was hard to not draw parallels between Zionism and Hindutva. Much of the rhetoric pertaining to establishing a pure religious entity without the presence of Muslims is quite indistinguishable. Even the beginnings of the Nakba are eerily similar, with the disengagement of the British and then the Partition. A personal opinion, but things would have been horribly different had we had any other leader other than Nehru (despite all his failings) during our nascent years.
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December 19, 2024丿賷 賲卮 賲乇丕噩毓丞 丿丕 賰賱丕賲 賷賲賰賳 賷賰賵賳 賲卮 賲鬲乇鬲亘 兀賵賷 賱賰賳賷 賱丕夭賲 兀賯賵賱賴..
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丿丕 賱丕夭賲 賷鬲賯乇兀 毓卮丕賳 賳爻鬲毓賷丿 賵賯丕卅毓 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賵丕賱廿亘丕丿丞 丕賱賱賷 亘丿兀鬲 賲賳 1948 賵賲丕 夭丕賱鬲 賲爻鬲賲乇丞 丨鬲賶 丕賱丌賳貙 乇睾賲 廿賳賳丕 賲賲賰賳 賳賰賵賳 丨丕賮馗賷賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 亘爻 賱丕 亘丿 賳賯乇兀 毓卮丕賳 賳賮賴賲 賱賷賴 賵丕夭丕賷 丿丕 丨氐賱貙 賵毓卮丕賳 亘亘爻丕胤丞 丕丨賳丕 賱賱兀爻賮 亘賳賳爻賶貙 賵毓卮丕賳 賱賲丕 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賷毓賷丿 賳賮爻賴 亘丨匕丕賮賷乇賴 夭賷 賲丕 亘賷丨氐賱 丿賱賵賯鬲賷 賳亘賯賶 賮丕賴賲賷賳 賵賮丕賰乇賷賳 賰賵賷爻.. 賵毓卮丕賳 賰賲丕賳 賳毓乇賮 丕賱毓賯賱賷丞 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞 亘鬲賮賰乇 丕夭丕賷 賱兀賳 賮賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 賴賲 賲亘賷鬲睾賷乇賵卮貙 賵兀賴丿丕賮賴賲 賵賲亘乇乇丕鬲賴賲 賵丕囟丨丞 賵囟賵丨 丕賱卮賲爻 賵賲賳 兀賵賱 賷賵賲.
胤亘毓賸丕 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰丕賳鬲 氐毓亘丞 賱賰賳 丕賱兀氐毓亘 賲賳賴丕 丕賱賵丕賯毓.. 丕丨賳丕 亘賳卮賵賮 賰賱 丨丕噩丞 亘鬲鬲毓丕丿 賯丿丕賲賳丕 兀賵 亘丕賱兀丨乇賶 賴賷 賲丕賵賯賮鬲卮 兀爻丕爻賸丕 毓卮丕賳 鬲鬲毓丕丿.. 賯氐賮 賵賯鬲賱 賵鬲賴噩賷乇 賵賴丿賲 賵爻乇賯丞 賵賳夭賵丨 賵兀爻乇 賵鬲毓匕賷亘 賵賯鬲賱 毓卮賵丕卅賷 賵丕睾鬲氐丕亘.. 賲賮賷卮 丨丕噩丞 噩丿賷丿丞 亘賷毓賲賱賵賴丕貙 賰賱 丿丕 丨氐賱 賯亘賱 賰丿丕 賵賲爻鬲賲乇 賯丿丕賲賳丕 賮亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 賲賮賷卮 禺賷丕乇 睾賷乇 丕賱賲賯丕賵賲丞. 丕賱賲賯丕賵賲丞 賴賷 丕賱禺賷丕乇 丕賱賵丨賷丿 賱賲賵丕噩賴丞 丕賱丕丨鬲賱丕賱. 賵賲卮 賲丨鬲丕噩賷賳 賲亘乇乇丕鬲 毓卮丕賳 賷賯丕賵賲賵丕貙 丿丕 丨賯賴賲. 賵丕賱賲賯丕賵賲丞 賲卮 賴賷 丕賱賱賷 賲爻丐賵賱丞 毓賳 噩乇丕卅賲 丕賱丕丨鬲賱丕賱. 賱兀賳賴 亘賰賱 賵囟賵丨 丿丕 丕丨鬲賱丕賱! 賴賵 丕丨賳丕 賲卮 毓丕乇賮賷賳 賲毓賳賶 丕賱丕丨鬲賱丕賱 丕賷賴責 賯丿 賷亘丿賵 丕賱賰賱丕賲 亘丿賷賴賷 賱賰賳 丕賱賱賷 丕賱賵丕丨丿 亘賷卮賵賮賴 賵亘賷爻賲毓賴 丕賱賷賵賲賷賳 丿賵賱 賲賳 賳丕爻 賲丨爻賵亘賷賳 毓賱賷賳丕 亘賳賷 丌丿賲賷賳 賵賲孬賯賮賷賳 賵賰丿丕 亘賷禺賱賷 丕賱賵丕丨丿 賷爻鬲毓噩亘 賲賳 賲丿賶 丕賱丕賳丨胤丕胤 丕賱賱賷 賵氐賱賵丕 賱賴!
賵丿賷 賮賯乇丞 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘鬲賱禺氐 賰賱丕賲 賰鬲賷乇:
"賲丕 賱賲 鬲毓鬲乇賮 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 亘丕賱丿賵乇 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷 丕賱匕賷 賯丕賲鬲 亘賴 賵鬲賵丕氐賱 丕賱賯賷丕賲 亘賴 賮賷 賳賴亘 兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賵胤乇丿賴賲貙 賵賲丕 賱賲 鬲賯亘賱 賲丕 賷鬲囟賲賳賴 賴匕丕 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕賮 亘賯賷丕賲賴丕 亘丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賲賳 賳鬲丕卅噩貙 賮廿賳 賲丨丕賵賱丕鬲 丨賱 丕賱氐乇丕毓 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷- 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷 噩賲賷毓賴丕 爻賷賰賵賳 賳氐賷亘賴丕 丕賱賮卮賱貙 賰賲丕 丕鬲囟丨 賮賷 爻賳丞 2000 毓賳丿賲丕 丕賳賴丕乇鬲 賲亘丕丿乇丞 兀賵爻賱賵 亘爻亘亘 丨賯 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賮賷 丕賱毓賵丿丞. 賱賰賳 賴丿賮 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷 賰丕賳 丿丕卅賲賸丕 亘賳丕亍 賯賱毓丞 芦亘賷囟丕亍禄 (睾乇亘賷丞) 賮賷 毓丕賱賲 芦兀爻賵丿禄 (毓乇亘賷)貙 賵丕賱丿賮丕毓 毓賳賴丕. 賵賷賰賲賳 賮賷 氐賲賷賲 乇賮囟 丕賱爻賲丕丨 賱賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 亘賲賲丕乇爻丞 丨賯 丕賱毓賵丿丞 禺賵賮 丕賱賷賴賵丿 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷賷賳 賲賳 兀賳 賷鬲賮賵賯 丕賱毓乇亘 毓賱賷賴賲 毓丿丿賷賸丕 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞. 賵賷孬賷乇 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲賵賯毓 -兀賳 鬲氐亘丨 賯賱毓鬲賴賲 賲賴丿丿丞- 賲卮丕毓乇 賯賵賷丞 廿賱賶 丿乇噩丞 兀賳 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷賷賳 賱賲 賷毓丿 賷賴賲賴賲貙 賰賲丕 賷亘丿賵貙 兀賳 賷丿賷賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 亘兀爻乇賴 兀賮毓丕賱賴賲. 賵賯丿 兀亘胤賱 賲亘丿兀 丕賱賲丨丕賮馗丞 毓賱賶 兀睾賱亘賷丞 賷賴賵丿賷丞 爻丕丨賯丞 賲賴賲丕 賷賰賳 丕賱孬賲賳 賰賱 丕賱丕毓鬲亘丕乇丕鬲 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賵丨鬲賶 丕賱賲丿賳賷丞貙 賵兀丿賶 廿賱賶 丕爻鬲亘丿丕賱 丕賱賳夭賵毓 丕賱丿賷賳賷 丕賱賷賴賵丿賷 廿賱賶 胤賱亘 丕賱睾賮乇丕賳 亘丕賱丕爻鬲禺賮丕賮 丕賱賲鬲毓噩乇賮 亘丕賱乇兀賷 丕賱毓丕賲 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷 賵丕賱鬲毓丕賱賷 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷 丕賱匕丕鬲賷貙 丕賱賱匕賷賳 鬲氐丿 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 亘氐賵乇丞 乇賵鬲賷賳賷丞 賲賳 禺賱丕賱賴賲丕 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕丿丕鬲 丕賱賲賵噩賴丞 廿賱賷賴丕."
賰鬲丕亘 胤賵賷賱 賵賲乇賴賯 賳賮爻賷賸丕 賱賰賳賴 賲賴賲 賵囟乇賵乇賷.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丿丕 賱丕夭賲 賷鬲賯乇兀 毓卮丕賳 賳爻鬲毓賷丿 賵賯丕卅毓 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賵丕賱廿亘丕丿丞 丕賱賱賷 亘丿兀鬲 賲賳 1948 賵賲丕 夭丕賱鬲 賲爻鬲賲乇丞 丨鬲賶 丕賱丌賳貙 乇睾賲 廿賳賳丕 賲賲賰賳 賳賰賵賳 丨丕賮馗賷賳 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 亘爻 賱丕 亘丿 賳賯乇兀 毓卮丕賳 賳賮賴賲 賱賷賴 賵丕夭丕賷 丿丕 丨氐賱貙 賵毓卮丕賳 亘亘爻丕胤丞 丕丨賳丕 賱賱兀爻賮 亘賳賳爻賶貙 賵毓卮丕賳 賱賲丕 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賷毓賷丿 賳賮爻賴 亘丨匕丕賮賷乇賴 夭賷 賲丕 亘賷丨氐賱 丿賱賵賯鬲賷 賳亘賯賶 賮丕賴賲賷賳 賵賮丕賰乇賷賳 賰賵賷爻.. 賵毓卮丕賳 賰賲丕賳 賳毓乇賮 丕賱毓賯賱賷丞 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞 亘鬲賮賰乇 丕夭丕賷 賱兀賳 賮賷 丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 賴賲 賲亘賷鬲睾賷乇賵卮貙 賵兀賴丿丕賮賴賲 賵賲亘乇乇丕鬲賴賲 賵丕囟丨丞 賵囟賵丨 丕賱卮賲爻 賵賲賳 兀賵賱 賷賵賲.
胤亘毓賸丕 賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賰丕賳鬲 氐毓亘丞 賱賰賳 丕賱兀氐毓亘 賲賳賴丕 丕賱賵丕賯毓.. 丕丨賳丕 亘賳卮賵賮 賰賱 丨丕噩丞 亘鬲鬲毓丕丿 賯丿丕賲賳丕 兀賵 亘丕賱兀丨乇賶 賴賷 賲丕賵賯賮鬲卮 兀爻丕爻賸丕 毓卮丕賳 鬲鬲毓丕丿.. 賯氐賮 賵賯鬲賱 賵鬲賴噩賷乇 賵賴丿賲 賵爻乇賯丞 賵賳夭賵丨 賵兀爻乇 賵鬲毓匕賷亘 賵賯鬲賱 毓卮賵丕卅賷 賵丕睾鬲氐丕亘.. 賲賮賷卮 丨丕噩丞 噩丿賷丿丞 亘賷毓賲賱賵賴丕貙 賰賱 丿丕 丨氐賱 賯亘賱 賰丿丕 賵賲爻鬲賲乇 賯丿丕賲賳丕 賮亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 賲賮賷卮 禺賷丕乇 睾賷乇 丕賱賲賯丕賵賲丞. 丕賱賲賯丕賵賲丞 賴賷 丕賱禺賷丕乇 丕賱賵丨賷丿 賱賲賵丕噩賴丞 丕賱丕丨鬲賱丕賱. 賵賲卮 賲丨鬲丕噩賷賳 賲亘乇乇丕鬲 毓卮丕賳 賷賯丕賵賲賵丕貙 丿丕 丨賯賴賲. 賵丕賱賲賯丕賵賲丞 賲卮 賴賷 丕賱賱賷 賲爻丐賵賱丞 毓賳 噩乇丕卅賲 丕賱丕丨鬲賱丕賱. 賱兀賳賴 亘賰賱 賵囟賵丨 丿丕 丕丨鬲賱丕賱! 賴賵 丕丨賳丕 賲卮 毓丕乇賮賷賳 賲毓賳賶 丕賱丕丨鬲賱丕賱 丕賷賴責 賯丿 賷亘丿賵 丕賱賰賱丕賲 亘丿賷賴賷 賱賰賳 丕賱賱賷 丕賱賵丕丨丿 亘賷卮賵賮賴 賵亘賷爻賲毓賴 丕賱賷賵賲賷賳 丿賵賱 賲賳 賳丕爻 賲丨爻賵亘賷賳 毓賱賷賳丕 亘賳賷 丌丿賲賷賳 賵賲孬賯賮賷賳 賵賰丿丕 亘賷禺賱賷 丕賱賵丕丨丿 賷爻鬲毓噩亘 賲賳 賲丿賶 丕賱丕賳丨胤丕胤 丕賱賱賷 賵氐賱賵丕 賱賴!
賵丿賷 賮賯乇丞 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘鬲賱禺氐 賰賱丕賲 賰鬲賷乇:
"賲丕 賱賲 鬲毓鬲乇賮 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 亘丕賱丿賵乇 丕賱乇卅賷爻賷 丕賱匕賷 賯丕賲鬲 亘賴 賵鬲賵丕氐賱 丕賱賯賷丕賲 亘賴 賮賷 賳賴亘 兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賵胤乇丿賴賲貙 賵賲丕 賱賲 鬲賯亘賱 賲丕 賷鬲囟賲賳賴 賴匕丕 丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕賮 亘賯賷丕賲賴丕 亘丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賲賳 賳鬲丕卅噩貙 賮廿賳 賲丨丕賵賱丕鬲 丨賱 丕賱氐乇丕毓 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷- 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷 噩賲賷毓賴丕 爻賷賰賵賳 賳氐賷亘賴丕 丕賱賮卮賱貙 賰賲丕 丕鬲囟丨 賮賷 爻賳丞 2000 毓賳丿賲丕 丕賳賴丕乇鬲 賲亘丕丿乇丞 兀賵爻賱賵 亘爻亘亘 丨賯 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賮賷 丕賱毓賵丿丞. 賱賰賳 賴丿賮 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷 賰丕賳 丿丕卅賲賸丕 亘賳丕亍 賯賱毓丞 芦亘賷囟丕亍禄 (睾乇亘賷丞) 賮賷 毓丕賱賲 芦兀爻賵丿禄 (毓乇亘賷)貙 賵丕賱丿賮丕毓 毓賳賴丕. 賵賷賰賲賳 賮賷 氐賲賷賲 乇賮囟 丕賱爻賲丕丨 賱賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 亘賲賲丕乇爻丞 丨賯 丕賱毓賵丿丞 禺賵賮 丕賱賷賴賵丿 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷賷賳 賲賳 兀賳 賷鬲賮賵賯 丕賱毓乇亘 毓賱賷賴賲 毓丿丿賷賸丕 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞. 賵賷孬賷乇 賴匕丕 丕賱鬲賵賯毓 -兀賳 鬲氐亘丨 賯賱毓鬲賴賲 賲賴丿丿丞- 賲卮丕毓乇 賯賵賷丞 廿賱賶 丿乇噩丞 兀賳 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷賷賳 賱賲 賷毓丿 賷賴賲賴賲貙 賰賲丕 賷亘丿賵貙 兀賳 賷丿賷賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 亘兀爻乇賴 兀賮毓丕賱賴賲. 賵賯丿 兀亘胤賱 賲亘丿兀 丕賱賲丨丕賮馗丞 毓賱賶 兀睾賱亘賷丞 賷賴賵丿賷丞 爻丕丨賯丞 賲賴賲丕 賷賰賳 丕賱孬賲賳 賰賱 丕賱丕毓鬲亘丕乇丕鬲 丕賱爻賷丕爻賷丞 賵丨鬲賶 丕賱賲丿賳賷丞貙 賵兀丿賶 廿賱賶 丕爻鬲亘丿丕賱 丕賱賳夭賵毓 丕賱丿賷賳賷 丕賱賷賴賵丿賷 廿賱賶 胤賱亘 丕賱睾賮乇丕賳 亘丕賱丕爻鬲禺賮丕賮 丕賱賲鬲毓噩乇賮 亘丕賱乇兀賷 丕賱毓丕賲 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷 賵丕賱鬲毓丕賱賷 丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷 丕賱匕丕鬲賷貙 丕賱賱匕賷賳 鬲氐丿 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 亘氐賵乇丞 乇賵鬲賷賳賷丞 賲賳 禺賱丕賱賴賲丕 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕丿丕鬲 丕賱賲賵噩賴丞 廿賱賷賴丕."
賰鬲丕亘 胤賵賷賱 賵賲乇賴賯 賳賮爻賷賸丕 賱賰賳賴 賲賴賲 賵囟乇賵乇賷.
November 1, 2023
Excellent from a technical standpoint, painful from every other standpoint. I'd recommend it but it took me a second because I had to pause a lot. Very infuriating
June 12, 2024
賱賲 鬲賰賳 賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 爻賴賱丞 兀亘丿丕賻賻 賱賯丿 丕丨鬲丕噩 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賵賯鬲貙 賵丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱噩賴丿貙 爻兀賱鬲 賳賮爻賷 賰孬賷乇丕賻賻 賱賲丕匕丕 兀賮毓賱 賴匕丕 亘賳賮爻賷貙 賳丨賳 賳毓乇賮 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 噩賷丿丕賻賻 賳毓乇賮 丕賱馗丕賱賲 賵丕賱賲馗賱賵賲貙 爻賲毓賳丕 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 丌亘丕卅賳丕 賵兀噩丿丕丿賳丕 丕賱賯氐丞 賰丕賲賱丞 賵噩賲毓賳丕 丕賱亘丕賯賷 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲亘 賵丕賱乇賵丕賷丕鬲.....
賱賰賳 賴賳丕 亘賰賱 丕賱兀賲丕賳丞 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 賱卮禺氐 賲賳 胤乇賮 丕賱毓丿賵 賵氐賮 賵氐賮丕賻賻 丿賯賷賯丕賻賻 賰賱 賲丕 噩乇賶 賵賷噩乇賷 賰賱 賲丕 禺胤胤 賱賴貙 賵賲賳 賰丕賳 賲鬲賵乇胤丕賻賻 賮賷 鬲賳賮賷匕賴 賵亘賰賱 丿賯丞 賵賲賵囟賵毓賷丞 賵氐賮 賵氐賮丕賻賻 丿賯賷賯丕賻賻 丕賱賯乇賶 丕賱賲賳賰賵亘丞 賵兀氐丨丕亘賴丕 丨賮馗 匕賰乇賶 兀卮禺丕氐 賰丕賳 賱賷賳爻丕賴賲 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺貙 賵賵孬賯 禺賷丕賳丞 兀胤乇丕賮 鬲賵丕胤卅鬲 賲毓 丕賱毓丿賵 賵賴匕丕 賰丕賳 兀賰孬乇 賲丕 丌賱賲賳賷 亘丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賱 賵亘乇兀 兀卮禺丕氐丕賻賻 卮賴丿 毓賱賷賴賲 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丿丕卅賲丕賻賻 亘丕賱鬲賵丕胤卅 賵丕賱禺賷丕賳丞....
丕賱兀賲丕賳丞 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 賴賷 賰賱 賲丕 賳丨鬲丕噩 賵亘毓賷丿丕賻賻 毓賳 丕賱賲卮丕毓乇 丕賱禺丕賳賯丞 賵丕賱兀賱賲 丕賱卮丿賷丿 毓賳丿 賲毓乇賮丞 丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱貙 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 噩丿丕賻賻 賱賰賱 賲賳 賴賵 賲賴鬲賲 亘丕賱賯囟賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 丨丕賵賱賵 賵兀丿賴丕 亘賰賱 丕賱胤乇賯....
爻賳毓賵丿 賷賵賲丕賻賻 廿賱賶 賯乇丕賳丕 賵賲丿賳賳丕 賵兀丨賱丕賲賳丕... 爻賳毓賵丿 賱賳丨賷賷 匕賰乇賶 兀噩丿丕丿賳丕 賵兀賵賱卅賰 賲賳 賯鬲賱賵..... 賵爻賳胤賴乇 兀乇囟賳丕 賲賳 丕賱禺賵賳丞 賵丕賱賲鬲賵丕胤卅賷賳.....
亘賷賳賳丕 賵亘賷賳賴賲 卮賱丕賱 賲賳 丕賱丿賲 賵丌賱丕賮 丕賱噩孬孬 賵孬兀乇 胤賵賷賱..........
賱賰賳 賴賳丕 亘賰賱 丕賱兀賲丕賳丞 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 賱卮禺氐 賲賳 胤乇賮 丕賱毓丿賵 賵氐賮 賵氐賮丕賻賻 丿賯賷賯丕賻賻 賰賱 賲丕 噩乇賶 賵賷噩乇賷 賰賱 賲丕 禺胤胤 賱賴貙 賵賲賳 賰丕賳 賲鬲賵乇胤丕賻賻 賮賷 鬲賳賮賷匕賴 賵亘賰賱 丿賯丞 賵賲賵囟賵毓賷丞 賵氐賮 賵氐賮丕賻賻 丿賯賷賯丕賻賻 丕賱賯乇賶 丕賱賲賳賰賵亘丞 賵兀氐丨丕亘賴丕 丨賮馗 匕賰乇賶 兀卮禺丕氐 賰丕賳 賱賷賳爻丕賴賲 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺貙 賵賵孬賯 禺賷丕賳丞 兀胤乇丕賮 鬲賵丕胤卅鬲 賲毓 丕賱毓丿賵 賵賴匕丕 賰丕賳 兀賰孬乇 賲丕 丌賱賲賳賷 亘丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘賱 賵亘乇兀 兀卮禺丕氐丕賻賻 卮賴丿 毓賱賷賴賲 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 丿丕卅賲丕賻賻 亘丕賱鬲賵丕胤卅 賵丕賱禺賷丕賳丞....
丕賱兀賲丕賳丞 丕賱毓賱賲賷丞 賴賷 賰賱 賲丕 賳丨鬲丕噩 賵亘毓賷丿丕賻賻 毓賳 丕賱賲卮丕毓乇 丕賱禺丕賳賯丞 賵丕賱兀賱賲 丕賱卮丿賷丿 毓賳丿 賲毓乇賮丞 丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱貙 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 噩丿丕賻賻 賱賰賱 賲賳 賴賵 賲賴鬲賲 亘丕賱賯囟賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 丨丕賵賱賵 賵兀丿賴丕 亘賰賱 丕賱胤乇賯....
爻賳毓賵丿 賷賵賲丕賻賻 廿賱賶 賯乇丕賳丕 賵賲丿賳賳丕 賵兀丨賱丕賲賳丕... 爻賳毓賵丿 賱賳丨賷賷 匕賰乇賶 兀噩丿丕丿賳丕 賵兀賵賱卅賰 賲賳 賯鬲賱賵..... 賵爻賳胤賴乇 兀乇囟賳丕 賲賳 丕賱禺賵賳丞 賵丕賱賲鬲賵丕胤卅賷賳.....
亘賷賳賳丕 賵亘賷賳賴賲 卮賱丕賱 賲賳 丕賱丿賲 賵丌賱丕賮 丕賱噩孬孬 賵孬兀乇 胤賵賷賱..........
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December 31, 2021As heartbreaking as this was to read, I鈥檓 glad I picked it up. This was an extremely comprehensive and detailed account describing the Zionist ideology that led to the expulsion of Palestinians from their land to create Israel, diving into not only the ethnic cleansing acts themselves but also their effects. I appreciated that it showed both how Israelis removed the Palestinian people and how they destroyed Palestinians鈥� land and culture. Definitely a must-read book.
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September 28, 2020Must read non-fiction detailing the founding ideas of Israel and the impact of Zionism as an ideology that led to the systematic removal of the Palestinian people from the land.
October 8, 2020
卮丕賴丿鬲 賲賳丕馗乇丞 卮丕乇賰 賮賷賴丕 廿賱丕賳 亘丕亘賷貙 賵賴賵 賲丐乇禺 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷 囟丿 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞貙 賵兀毓噩亘鬲賳賷 乇丿賵丿賴. 鬲卮噩毓鬲 賱賯乇丕亍丞 賰鬲亘賴貙 禺丕氐丞 亘爻亘亘 賰賵賳賴 兀丨丿 "丕賱賲丐乇禺賷賳 丕賱噩丿丿" 賰賲丕 賷毓乇賮賵賳 賮賷 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱貙 賵賴賲 孬賱丕孬丞 賲丐乇禺賷賳 丕胤賱毓賵丕 毓賱賶 丕賱兀乇卮賷賮丕鬲 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丐乇禺 賱賮鬲乇丞 丕賱賳賰亘丞 賵賯賷丕賲 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱貙 賵丕賱匕賷賳 鬲賵氐賱賵丕 賱賳鬲丕卅噩 鬲禺丕賱賮 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 丕賱乇爻賲賷丞 丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞.
亘丕亘賷 賷毓賷卮 丨丕賱賷賸丕 賮賷 亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕 賵賷毓賲賱 賮賷 噩丕賲毓丞 廿賰夭鬲乇 亘毓丿 鬲賱賯賷賴 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱鬲賴丿賷丿丕鬲 亘丕賱賯鬲賱 賮賷 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 亘爻亘亘 賲賵丕賯賮賴 丕賱賲毓丕丿賷丞 賱賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞. 賯乇兀鬲 賱賴 賰鬲丕亘賷賳貙 丕賱兀賵賱 賴賵 兀賰亘乇 爻噩賳 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲: 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賲丨鬲賱丞貙 賵丕賱孬丕賳賷 賴賵 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賱賮賱爻胤賷賳. 賰丕賳 賲賳 丕賱賲賮鬲乇囟 兀賳 兀賯乇兀賴賲丕 亘丕賱毓賰爻貙 丨爻亘 丕賱鬲乇鬲賷亘 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷.
兀丿賴卮賳賷 賰鬲丕亘 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賱賮賱爻胤賷賳 亘卮賰賱 賰亘賷乇貙 賮乇睾賲 丕毓鬲賯丕丿賷 兀賳賷 兀毓乇賮 亘氐賵乇丞 賲噩賲賱丞 賲丕 丨丿孬 賮賷 佟侃伽侑-佟侃伽侉 廿賱丕 兀賳賳賷 賰賳鬲 賲禺胤卅賸丕貙 亘賱 賵賵丕賯毓賸丕 鬲丨鬲 鬲兀孬賷乇 丕賱亘乇賵亘丕睾丕賳丿丕 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞 丿賵賳 兀賳 兀毓賱賲.
丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賷毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 廿乇卮賷賮丕鬲 丕賱賴丕睾丕賳丕貙 賲匕賰乇丕鬲 亘賳 睾賵乇賷賵賳 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 賲丨丕囟乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓丕鬲 賵賵孬丕卅賯 鬲賲 乇賮毓 丕賱爻乇賷丞 毓賳賴丕貙 賵賷毓鬲賲丿 賰匕賱賰 毓賱賶 卮賴丕丿丕鬲 丕賱毓賷丕賳 賲賳 丕賱噩賳賵丿 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 賵賲賳 丕賱囟丨丕賷丕 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳貙 賵賴匕丕 賲丕 賷噩毓賱 丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賯丿賲賴丕 兀賰賲賱 賵兀卮賲賱 賲賳 睾賷乇賴 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲亘貙 賵賷乇噩丨 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀賳賴 兀賵賱 賲賳 賷噩賲毓 亘賷賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲氐丕丿乇 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞.
賴賱 賰丕賳鬲 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 賲丨丕氐乇丞 賮賷 佟侃伽侉 賵賲賴丿丿丞 亘丕賱夭賵丕賱 賲賳 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞責 賴賱 賰丕賳 鬲賴噩賷乇 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賴賵 賳鬲賷噩丞 孬丕賳賵賷丞 賱賱丨乇亘責 賱賯丿 賰丕賳鬲 廿噩丕亘鬲賷 毓賱賶 丕賱爻丐丕賱賷賳 賴賷 賳毓賲 賯亘賱 賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵賱賰賳賷 兀毓賱賲 丕賱丌賳 兀賳賳賷 賰賳鬲 賲禺胤卅賸丕.
賷賰卮賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲丿賶 丕賱鬲禺胤賷胤 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷 丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲 賲賳匕 毓賯賵丿 賱鬲賴噩賷乇 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賵鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱兀乇囟 賲賳賴賲 賱兀賳 丕賱賮賰乇 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷 賮賰乇 毓賳氐乇賷貙 賷乇賶 兀賳 丕賱賷賴賵丿 賮賯胤 賷噩亘 兀賳 賷毓賷卮賵丕 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳貙 賴賲 賮賯胤 賵賱丕 兀丨丿 睾賷乇賴賲. 賵賱匕賱賰 亘丿兀 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 亘丕賱賯賵丞 賲賳匕 賳賴丕賷丞 佟侃伽侑貙 亘賱 賰丕賳 賴賵 丕賱爻亘亘 賮賷 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱鬲賷 亘丿兀鬲 賮賷 賲丕賷賵 佟侃伽侉 賵丨賷賳賴丕 賰丕賳 賯丿 鬲賲 鬲賴噩賷乇 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 佗贍贍 兀賱賮 賮賱爻胤賷賳賷 賲賳 兀乇丕囟賷賴賲貙 亘賱 賵丕爻鬲賲乇 丕賱鬲賴噩賷乇 丨鬲賶 亘毓丿 丕賳鬲賴丕亍 丕賱丨乇亘貙 賵賵賯鬲 丕賱賴丿賳丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲禺賱賱鬲賴丕貙 丨鬲賶 鬲賲 胤乇丿 賳氐賮 爻賰丕賳 賮賱爻胤賷賳 賲賳 兀乇丕囟賷賴賲 -丨賵丕賱賷 侑佗贍 兀賱賮 卮禺氐- 賮囟賱賸丕 毓賳 丕賱賯鬲賱 賵丕賱丕睾鬲氐丕亘丕鬲 賵丕賱丕毓鬲賯丕賱丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 亘丕賱丌賱丕賮 賰賲噩丕夭乇 丿賷乇 賷丕爻賷賳 賵丕賱胤賳胤賵乇丞 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 賷鬲賲 丕爻鬲匕賰丕乇賴丕 賮賷 丕賱毓丕丿丞.
賱賲 賷賰賳 賵噩賵丿 賵賯賷丕賲 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 賮賷 兀賷 賵賯鬲 賲賳 兀賵賯丕鬲 賴匕賴 丕賱賮鬲乇丞 賲賴丿丿賸丕貙 亘賱 賰丕賳鬲 鬲鬲賮賵賯 毓爻賰乇賷賸丕 賲賳 丨賷孬 丕賱毓鬲丕丿 賵丕賱毓丿丿貙 賵賰丕賳鬲 賯賷丕丿丕鬲 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 -乇睾賲 禺胤丕亘丕鬲賴丕 丕賱乇賳丕賳丞- 賲鬲乇丿丿丞 噩丿賸丕 賮賷 賲毓丕賵賳丞 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳貙 禺丕氐丞 兀賳 睾丕賱亘賷鬲賴丕 丿賵賱 丨丿賷孬丞貙 賵亘毓囟賴丕 丕爻鬲賯賱鬲 賱賱鬲賵 賲孬賱 爻賵乇賷丕 賵賱亘賳丕賳 賵兀賵囟丕毓賴丕 丕賱丿丕禺賱賷丞 睾賷乇 賲爻鬲賯乇丞. 兀賯賵賶 噩賷卮 毓乇亘賷 賰丕賳 丕賱噩賷卮 丕賱兀乇丿賳賷 賵賱賰賳 丕賱賲賱賰 毓亘丿丕賱賱賴 賱賲 賷賰賳 賷乇賷丿 鬲丨乇賷乇 賮賱爻胤賷賳貙 亘賱 賰丕賳鬲 賱賴 賲胤丕賲毓賴 丕賱禺丕氐丞 亘賴丕貙 賵丕鬲賮賯 賲毓 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 毓賱賶 鬲賯丕爻賲賴丕貙 亘丨賷孬 鬲氐亘丨 丕賱囟賮丞 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 鬲丨鬲 爻賷胤乇丞 丕賱兀乇丿賳貙 賵丕禺鬲賱賮賵丕 丨賵賱 丕賱賯丿爻 丕賱卮乇賯賷丞 賮丨爻亘貙 賵賱匕賱賰 丨氐賱鬲 賲毓丕乇賰 丨賵賱賴丕 賳噩丨鬲 丕賱兀乇丿賳 賮賷 丕賱丕賳鬲氐丕乇 賮賷賴丕.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲丐賱賲 噩丿賸丕 賵賲賱賷亍 亘禺賷亘丕鬲 丕賱兀賲賱貙 賵賱賰賳賴 囟乇賵乇賷 賱賰賱 賲賳 賷乇賷丿 賲毓乇賮丞 兀氐賱 丕賱氐乇丕毓 賵兀爻亘丕亘賴貙 賵賱賲丕匕丕 丕鬲禺匕 丕賱賲爻丕乇 丕賱鬲賷 丨丿孬 賵賱賲丕匕丕 賱丕 賷夭丕賱 賲爻鬲賲乇賸丕. 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賲賰賲賱 賱賱兀賵賱 賵賷乇亘胤 丕賱賲丕囟賷 亘丕賱丨丕囟乇 賵賷鬲賰賱賲 鬲丨丿賷丿賸丕 毓賳 胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 兀丿鬲 賱丨乇亘 佟侃佴侑 賵賱賲丕匕丕 賱賲 賷鬲賲 囟賲 丕賱囟賮丞 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 賵睾夭丞 賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 亘卮賰賱 乇爻賲賷貙 亘賱 廿亘賯丕丐賴丕 鬲丨鬲 丕賱廿丨鬲賱丕賱 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷 賱鬲賰賵賳 兀賰亘乇 爻噩賳賺 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲.
亘丕亘賷 賷毓賷卮 丨丕賱賷賸丕 賮賷 亘乇賷胤丕賳賷丕 賵賷毓賲賱 賮賷 噩丕賲毓丞 廿賰夭鬲乇 亘毓丿 鬲賱賯賷賴 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 丕賱鬲賴丿賷丿丕鬲 亘丕賱賯鬲賱 賮賷 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 亘爻亘亘 賲賵丕賯賮賴 丕賱賲毓丕丿賷丞 賱賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞. 賯乇兀鬲 賱賴 賰鬲丕亘賷賳貙 丕賱兀賵賱 賴賵 兀賰亘乇 爻噩賳 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲: 鬲丕乇賷禺 丕賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賲丨鬲賱丞貙 賵丕賱孬丕賳賷 賴賵 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賱賮賱爻胤賷賳. 賰丕賳 賲賳 丕賱賲賮鬲乇囟 兀賳 兀賯乇兀賴賲丕 亘丕賱毓賰爻貙 丨爻亘 丕賱鬲乇鬲賷亘 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷.
兀丿賴卮賳賷 賰鬲丕亘 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賱賮賱爻胤賷賳 亘卮賰賱 賰亘賷乇貙 賮乇睾賲 丕毓鬲賯丕丿賷 兀賳賷 兀毓乇賮 亘氐賵乇丞 賲噩賲賱丞 賲丕 丨丿孬 賮賷 佟侃伽侑-佟侃伽侉 廿賱丕 兀賳賳賷 賰賳鬲 賲禺胤卅賸丕貙 亘賱 賵賵丕賯毓賸丕 鬲丨鬲 鬲兀孬賷乇 丕賱亘乇賵亘丕睾丕賳丿丕 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞 丿賵賳 兀賳 兀毓賱賲.
丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賷毓鬲賲丿 毓賱賶 廿乇卮賷賮丕鬲 丕賱賴丕睾丕賳丕貙 賲匕賰乇丕鬲 亘賳 睾賵乇賷賵賳 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 賲丨丕囟乇 丕噩鬲賲丕毓丕鬲 賵賵孬丕卅賯 鬲賲 乇賮毓 丕賱爻乇賷丞 毓賳賴丕貙 賵賷毓鬲賲丿 賰匕賱賰 毓賱賶 卮賴丕丿丕鬲 丕賱毓賷丕賳 賲賳 丕賱噩賳賵丿 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 賵賲賳 丕賱囟丨丕賷丕 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳貙 賵賴匕丕 賲丕 賷噩毓賱 丕賱氐賵乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷賯丿賲賴丕 兀賰賲賱 賵兀卮賲賱 賲賳 睾賷乇賴 賲賳 丕賱賰鬲亘貙 賵賷乇噩丨 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀賳賴 兀賵賱 賲賳 賷噩賲毓 亘賷賳 賴匕賴 丕賱賲氐丕丿乇 丕賱賲禺鬲賱賮丞.
賴賱 賰丕賳鬲 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 賲丨丕氐乇丞 賮賷 佟侃伽侉 賵賲賴丿丿丞 亘丕賱夭賵丕賱 賲賳 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞責 賴賱 賰丕賳 鬲賴噩賷乇 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賴賵 賳鬲賷噩丞 孬丕賳賵賷丞 賱賱丨乇亘責 賱賯丿 賰丕賳鬲 廿噩丕亘鬲賷 毓賱賶 丕賱爻丐丕賱賷賳 賴賷 賳毓賲 賯亘賱 賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賵賱賰賳賷 兀毓賱賲 丕賱丌賳 兀賳賳賷 賰賳鬲 賲禺胤卅賸丕.
賷賰卮賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲丿賶 丕賱鬲禺胤賷胤 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷 丕賱賲鬲賯丿賲 賲賳匕 毓賯賵丿 賱鬲賴噩賷乇 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賵鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱兀乇囟 賲賳賴賲 賱兀賳 丕賱賮賰乇 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷 賮賰乇 毓賳氐乇賷貙 賷乇賶 兀賳 丕賱賷賴賵丿 賮賯胤 賷噩亘 兀賳 賷毓賷卮賵丕 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳貙 賴賲 賮賯胤 賵賱丕 兀丨丿 睾賷乇賴賲. 賵賱匕賱賰 亘丿兀 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 亘丕賱賯賵丞 賲賳匕 賳賴丕賷丞 佟侃伽侑貙 亘賱 賰丕賳 賴賵 丕賱爻亘亘 賮賷 丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱鬲賷 亘丿兀鬲 賮賷 賲丕賷賵 佟侃伽侉 賵丨賷賳賴丕 賰丕賳 賯丿 鬲賲 鬲賴噩賷乇 兀賰孬乇 賲賳 佗贍贍 兀賱賮 賮賱爻胤賷賳賷 賲賳 兀乇丕囟賷賴賲貙 亘賱 賵丕爻鬲賲乇 丕賱鬲賴噩賷乇 丨鬲賶 亘毓丿 丕賳鬲賴丕亍 丕賱丨乇亘貙 賵賵賯鬲 丕賱賴丿賳丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲禺賱賱鬲賴丕貙 丨鬲賶 鬲賲 胤乇丿 賳氐賮 爻賰丕賳 賮賱爻胤賷賳 賲賳 兀乇丕囟賷賴賲 -丨賵丕賱賷 侑佗贍 兀賱賮 卮禺氐- 賮囟賱賸丕 毓賳 丕賱賯鬲賱 賵丕賱丕睾鬲氐丕亘丕鬲 賵丕賱丕毓鬲賯丕賱丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳鬲 亘丕賱丌賱丕賮 賰賲噩丕夭乇 丿賷乇 賷丕爻賷賳 賵丕賱胤賳胤賵乇丞 賵睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 賷鬲賲 丕爻鬲匕賰丕乇賴丕 賮賷 丕賱毓丕丿丞.
賱賲 賷賰賳 賵噩賵丿 賵賯賷丕賲 廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 賮賷 兀賷 賵賯鬲 賲賳 兀賵賯丕鬲 賴匕賴 丕賱賮鬲乇丞 賲賴丿丿賸丕貙 亘賱 賰丕賳鬲 鬲鬲賮賵賯 毓爻賰乇賷賸丕 賲賳 丨賷孬 丕賱毓鬲丕丿 賵丕賱毓丿丿貙 賵賰丕賳鬲 賯賷丕丿丕鬲 丕賱丿賵賱 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 -乇睾賲 禺胤丕亘丕鬲賴丕 丕賱乇賳丕賳丞- 賲鬲乇丿丿丞 噩丿賸丕 賮賷 賲毓丕賵賳丞 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳貙 禺丕氐丞 兀賳 睾丕賱亘賷鬲賴丕 丿賵賱 丨丿賷孬丞貙 賵亘毓囟賴丕 丕爻鬲賯賱鬲 賱賱鬲賵 賲孬賱 爻賵乇賷丕 賵賱亘賳丕賳 賵兀賵囟丕毓賴丕 丕賱丿丕禺賱賷丞 睾賷乇 賲爻鬲賯乇丞. 兀賯賵賶 噩賷卮 毓乇亘賷 賰丕賳 丕賱噩賷卮 丕賱兀乇丿賳賷 賵賱賰賳 丕賱賲賱賰 毓亘丿丕賱賱賴 賱賲 賷賰賳 賷乇賷丿 鬲丨乇賷乇 賮賱爻胤賷賳貙 亘賱 賰丕賳鬲 賱賴 賲胤丕賲毓賴 丕賱禺丕氐丞 亘賴丕貙 賵丕鬲賮賯 賲毓 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 毓賱賶 鬲賯丕爻賲賴丕貙 亘丨賷孬 鬲氐亘丨 丕賱囟賮丞 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 鬲丨鬲 爻賷胤乇丞 丕賱兀乇丿賳貙 賵丕禺鬲賱賮賵丕 丨賵賱 丕賱賯丿爻 丕賱卮乇賯賷丞 賮丨爻亘貙 賵賱匕賱賰 丨氐賱鬲 賲毓丕乇賰 丨賵賱賴丕 賳噩丨鬲 丕賱兀乇丿賳 賮賷 丕賱丕賳鬲氐丕乇 賮賷賴丕.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲丐賱賲 噩丿賸丕 賵賲賱賷亍 亘禺賷亘丕鬲 丕賱兀賲賱貙 賵賱賰賳賴 囟乇賵乇賷 賱賰賱 賲賳 賷乇賷丿 賲毓乇賮丞 兀氐賱 丕賱氐乇丕毓 賵兀爻亘丕亘賴貙 賵賱賲丕匕丕 丕鬲禺匕 丕賱賲爻丕乇 丕賱鬲賷 丨丿孬 賵賱賲丕匕丕 賱丕 賷夭丕賱 賲爻鬲賲乇賸丕. 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丕賱孬丕賳賷 賲賰賲賱 賱賱兀賵賱 賵賷乇亘胤 丕賱賲丕囟賷 亘丕賱丨丕囟乇 賵賷鬲賰賱賲 鬲丨丿賷丿賸丕 毓賳 胤乇賷賯丞 丕賱鬲賮賰賷乇 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 兀丿鬲 賱丨乇亘 佟侃佴侑 賵賱賲丕匕丕 賱賲 賷鬲賲 囟賲 丕賱囟賮丞 丕賱睾乇亘賷丞 賵睾夭丞 賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱 亘卮賰賱 乇爻賲賷貙 亘賱 廿亘賯丕丐賴丕 鬲丨鬲 丕賱廿丨鬲賱丕賱 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷 賱鬲賰賵賳 兀賰亘乇 爻噩賳賺 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲.
April 8, 2015
This is the type of book wealthy hipster kids and trustafarians like to read to feel good about themselves. The book is incredibly manipulative and tugs at the emotional strings of clueless readers to indoctrinate them with anti-Israeli and Islamist-aligned propaganda. There are some truths in the book and there's no doubt Israel has had it's share of committing atrocities, but this book completely glosses over all of the atrocities committed by the Palestinians on the Christian Palestinians as well as the Muslim ones too. It doesn't explain how the majority of Bedouin-Israelis and Druze-Israelis support and often fight for Israel. This is the type of propaganda used by pan-Islamic nationalists in the middle of the 20th-century to promote Muslim unity by developing the narrative if an evil enemy (Israel) and the poor, helpless victims Palestinians. Somehow this Islamist narrative became in vogue amongst the left-wing, self-congratulating academics sitting the Ivory Towers of the West. Now the Palestinians are professional victims who have become a mascot of the self-righteous hipsters, progressives and college activists. The book ignores how the Arab nations never accepted the Palestinian refugees and massacred them as well in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. Compare this with the Jewish nakba where 700,000 Jews were expelled from Arab nations and were peacefully assimilated and welcomed into Israeli society. What happened in the past was a tragedy for both sides, but during this time, numerous groups of people migrated and many borders were redrawn (Partition of India, Armenian genocide, Greek expulsion from Turkey), but only the Palestinians continue to play professional victims as a political tool for the anti-Semitic Islamists and their left-wing apologists.
May 12, 2015
"賲賱丨賵馗丞 賯亘賱 丕賱亘丿亍: 賱賲 兀賯乇兀 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵廿賳賲丕 賯賲鬲 亘賯乇丕亍丞 賲賱禺氐 賱賴 賰鬲亘賴 睾丕夭賷 丕賱氐賵乇丕賳賷"
賱丕 兀毓賱賲 賱賲 賯賲鬲 亘賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵兀賳丕 兀毓賱賲 亘兀賳賷 爻兀禺乇噩 賲賳賴 亘賰賲賷丞 睾囟亘 賵廿丨亘丕胤 賵賯賴乇 賵賱賰賳賷 賯乇兀鬲賴 毓賱賶 兀賷 丨丕賱 :/
賲丕 賮毓賱賴 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 禺賱丕賱 丕賱爻賳賵丕鬲 丕賱賲丕囟賷丞 賲賳 丕睾鬲氐丕亘 賱賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞 賷爻鬲丨賯賵賳賴 .. 賳毓賲 賷爻鬲丨賯賵賳賴 賵爻鬲乇賶 匕賱賰 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賯乇丕亍鬲賰 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 賮爻毓賷賴賲 丕賱丨孬賷孬 賵丕賱匕賷 賷馗賴乇 亘賵囟賵丨 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賯乇丕亍丞 賰賱 氐賮丨丞 亘賱 賰賱 爻胤乇 賷丿賱賰 毓賱賶 兀賳 賴賳丕賱賰 丨爻賳 鬲禺胤賷胤 賵賵囟賵丨 賴丿賮 賵鬲賰丕鬲賮 賮賷 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賵氐賵賱 賱賱賴丿賮 賵賯亘賱 賴匕丕 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賴賲 毓賱賶 毓賯賷丿丞 賵丕丨丿丞 亘賷賳賲丕 鬲賮乇賯賳丕 賳丨賳 !
賰賱 爻胤乇 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 鬲賯丿賲 賲賱丨賵馗 賯丕賲賵丕 亘賴 賮爻胤乇 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 賲爻鬲賵胤賳丕鬲賴賲 賷賱賷賴 爻胤乇 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕睾鬲氐丕亘 丕賱賯乇賶 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞 賷賱賷賴 爻胤乇 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 胤乇丿 丕賱賱丕噩卅賷賳 賵賴賰匕丕 鬲噩丿 禺胤賵丕鬲賴賲 爻乇賷毓丞 賵賵丕丕丕丕爻毓丞 亘卮賰賱 賲匕賴賱 賷噩毓賱賰 賱丕 鬲毓噩亘 賲賳 丕賱鬲賲丿丿 丕賱匕賷 賯丕賲賵丕 亘賴 亘賱 鬲毓噩亘 賲賳 賵噩賵丿賴賲 亘賷賳 佗佗 丿賵賱丞 毓乇亘賷丞 賵廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 亘賱 乇亘賲丕 兀賰孬乇 賵賰賱 賲丕 賮毓賱賵賴 賴賵 丕賱丕爻鬲賳賰丕乇 賵丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟 "丕賱賰賱丕賲賷" 賮賯胤 !
孬賲 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 賳兀鬲賷 賱賳胤丕賱亘 亘毓賵丿丞 賮賱爻胤賷賳 賮賱賳爻鬲毓丿 賳丨賳 丿賷賳賳丕 賵乇噩賵賱鬲賳丕 賵毓乇賵亘鬲賳丕 兀賵賱丕 !
兀禺鬲賱賮 賲毓 丕賱賲丐賱賮 賵丕賱匕賷 兀賰丿 亘卮賰賱 賲鬲賰乇乇 兀賳 丕賱賴丿賮 賴賵 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賵兀賳 丕賱丕爻鬲賷胤丕賳 亘賳賷 毓賱賶 匕賱賰 亘賷賳賲丕 賷丿毓賵賳丕 賱賱丿賮丕毓 亘丕爻賲 丕賱毓乇賯 丕賱毓乇亘賷 貙 賳毓賲 賴賳丕賱賰 毓丿丕賵丞 賲賳 賯亘賱賴賲 賲毓賳丕 賰毓乇亘 賵賱賰賳賷 賱丕 兀噩丿 賴丿賮丕 兀賯賵賶 賵兀卮丿 賵乇丕亘胤丞 鬲噩賲毓 兀賲丞 賲丕 賵鬲噩毓賱賴丕 鬲鬲賮賵賯 毓賱賶 兀禺乇賶 賰丕賱毓賯賷丿丞 貙 賱匕丕 兀乇賶 兀賳 丕賱賴丿賮 賵丕賱丿丕賮毓 毓賯丿賷 氐賴賷賵賳賷 亘丨鬲 賷賱賷賴 賴丿賮 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賵亘丕賱賲賯丕亘賱 兀乇賶 兀賳 丕賱丕賳鬲氐丕乇 賱賳 賷賰賵賳 亘丕爻賲 丕賱毓乇賵亘丞 兀亘丿丕 賵廿賳 兀鬲賶 賮爻賷賰賵賳 亘丕爻賲 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱毓賯賷丿丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 ..
丕賱賲卮賰賱丞 賷丕 乇賮丕賯 賰丕賳鬲 賵賱丕 夭丕賱鬲 毓賯丿賷丞 賲賳匕 丕賱兀夭賱 (賵賱賳 鬲乇囟賶 毓賳賰 丕賱賷賴賵丿 賵賱丕 丕賱賳氐丕乇賶 锟斤拷鬲賶 鬲鬲亘毓 賲賱鬲賴賲) .
賱丕 兀毓賱賲 賱賲 賯賲鬲 亘賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賵兀賳丕 兀毓賱賲 亘兀賳賷 爻兀禺乇噩 賲賳賴 亘賰賲賷丞 睾囟亘 賵廿丨亘丕胤 賵賯賴乇 賵賱賰賳賷 賯乇兀鬲賴 毓賱賶 兀賷 丨丕賱 :/
賲丕 賮毓賱賴 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 禺賱丕賱 丕賱爻賳賵丕鬲 丕賱賲丕囟賷丞 賲賳 丕睾鬲氐丕亘 賱賱兀乇丕囟賷 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞 賷爻鬲丨賯賵賳賴 .. 賳毓賲 賷爻鬲丨賯賵賳賴 賵爻鬲乇賶 匕賱賰 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賯乇丕亍鬲賰 賱賱賰鬲丕亘 賮爻毓賷賴賲 丕賱丨孬賷孬 賵丕賱匕賷 賷馗賴乇 亘賵囟賵丨 賲賳 禺賱丕賱 賯乇丕亍丞 賰賱 氐賮丨丞 亘賱 賰賱 爻胤乇 賷丿賱賰 毓賱賶 兀賳 賴賳丕賱賰 丨爻賳 鬲禺胤賷胤 賵賵囟賵丨 賴丿賮 賵鬲賰丕鬲賮 賮賷 爻亘賷賱 丕賱賵氐賵賱 賱賱賴丿賮 賵賯亘賱 賴匕丕 丕噩鬲賲丕毓賴賲 毓賱賶 毓賯賷丿丞 賵丕丨丿丞 亘賷賳賲丕 鬲賮乇賯賳丕 賳丨賳 !
賰賱 爻胤乇 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 鬲賯丿賲 賲賱丨賵馗 賯丕賲賵丕 亘賴 賮爻胤乇 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 賲爻鬲賵胤賳丕鬲賴賲 賷賱賷賴 爻胤乇 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕睾鬲氐丕亘 丕賱賯乇賶 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞 賷賱賷賴 爻胤乇 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 胤乇丿 丕賱賱丕噩卅賷賳 賵賴賰匕丕 鬲噩丿 禺胤賵丕鬲賴賲 爻乇賷毓丞 賵賵丕丕丕丕爻毓丞 亘卮賰賱 賲匕賴賱 賷噩毓賱賰 賱丕 鬲毓噩亘 賲賳 丕賱鬲賲丿丿 丕賱匕賷 賯丕賲賵丕 亘賴 亘賱 鬲毓噩亘 賲賳 賵噩賵丿賴賲 亘賷賳 佗佗 丿賵賱丞 毓乇亘賷丞 賵廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 亘賱 乇亘賲丕 兀賰孬乇 賵賰賱 賲丕 賮毓賱賵賴 賴賵 丕賱丕爻鬲賳賰丕乇 賵丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕囟 "丕賱賰賱丕賲賷" 賮賯胤 !
孬賲 亘毓丿 匕賱賰 賳兀鬲賷 賱賳胤丕賱亘 亘毓賵丿丞 賮賱爻胤賷賳 賮賱賳爻鬲毓丿 賳丨賳 丿賷賳賳丕 賵乇噩賵賱鬲賳丕 賵毓乇賵亘鬲賳丕 兀賵賱丕 !
兀禺鬲賱賮 賲毓 丕賱賲丐賱賮 賵丕賱匕賷 兀賰丿 亘卮賰賱 賲鬲賰乇乇 兀賳 丕賱賴丿賮 賴賵 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賵兀賳 丕賱丕爻鬲賷胤丕賳 亘賳賷 毓賱賶 匕賱賰 亘賷賳賲丕 賷丿毓賵賳丕 賱賱丿賮丕毓 亘丕爻賲 丕賱毓乇賯 丕賱毓乇亘賷 貙 賳毓賲 賴賳丕賱賰 毓丿丕賵丞 賲賳 賯亘賱賴賲 賲毓賳丕 賰毓乇亘 賵賱賰賳賷 賱丕 兀噩丿 賴丿賮丕 兀賯賵賶 賵兀卮丿 賵乇丕亘胤丞 鬲噩賲毓 兀賲丞 賲丕 賵鬲噩毓賱賴丕 鬲鬲賮賵賯 毓賱賶 兀禺乇賶 賰丕賱毓賯賷丿丞 貙 賱匕丕 兀乇賶 兀賳 丕賱賴丿賮 賵丕賱丿丕賮毓 毓賯丿賷 氐賴賷賵賳賷 亘丨鬲 賷賱賷賴 賴丿賮 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賵亘丕賱賲賯丕亘賱 兀乇賶 兀賳 丕賱丕賳鬲氐丕乇 賱賳 賷賰賵賳 亘丕爻賲 丕賱毓乇賵亘丞 兀亘丿丕 賵廿賳 兀鬲賶 賮爻賷賰賵賳 亘丕爻賲 丕賱丿賷賳 賵丕賱毓賯賷丿丞 丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 ..
丕賱賲卮賰賱丞 賷丕 乇賮丕賯 賰丕賳鬲 賵賱丕 夭丕賱鬲 毓賯丿賷丞 賲賳匕 丕賱兀夭賱 (賵賱賳 鬲乇囟賶 毓賳賰 丕賱賷賴賵丿 賵賱丕 丕賱賳氐丕乇賶 锟斤拷鬲賶 鬲鬲亘毓 賲賱鬲賴賲) .
October 15, 2023
賰鬲丕亘 賷賵孬賯 丨賯賷賯丞 丕賱賲卮乇賵毓 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳 亘賯賱賲 賲賵丕胤賳 丕爻乇丕卅賷賱賷. 賵 丕賰丕丿 賱丕 丕氐丿賯 丕賱氐賲鬲 丕賱丿賵賱賷 丕賲丕賲 鬲賱賰 丕賱兀丿賱丞 丕賱賲賵孬賯丞 亘丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賵 丕爻賲丕亍 丕賱禺胤胤 賵 丕賱賲噩乇賲賷賳 賲毓 賵氐賮 丿賯賷賯 賱賱賯乇賶 賵 賲賵賯毓賴丕 丕賱噩睾乇丕賮賷.
亘毓丿 賯乇丕亍鬲賴 賷賲賰賳賳丕 丕賱賯賵賱 丕賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 睾丕亘丞 賱丕 毓丿丕賱丞 賮賷賴 賵 賱丕 丨賯賵賯 亘爻亘亘 賵丨卮賷丞 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵 噩卮毓賴.
賴賵 丿丕卅賲丕賸 丕賰孬乇 卮乇丕爻丞 賵 鬲賵丨卮 賲賲丕 賳鬲禺賷賱. 賵 丕賱賯賵丞 賴賷 丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱爻丕卅丿丞 賲賴賲丕 丨丕賵賱賳丕 乇賮毓 卮毓丕乇丕鬲 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳賷丞 賵 丕賱丨乇賷丞.
丕賯乇丐賵丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賰賷 賱丕 賳賳爻賶 賵 賳禺爻乇 賲丕 鬲亘賯賶 賲賳 丕賱丕賲賱 ~
10/2023
丕賱丕賱賲 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷 賰亘賷乇 賵 賱丕 賷賳鬲賴賷 ..
丕賱賱賴賲 賰賳 賲毓 丕賴賱賳丕 賮賷 睾夭丞 ..
丕賱賱賴賲 丕賱胤賮 亘賴賲 賵 賳噩賷賴賲 賲賳 丕賱賯賵賲 丕賱馗丕賱賲賷賳 馃げ
亘毓丿 賯乇丕亍鬲賴 賷賲賰賳賳丕 丕賱賯賵賱 丕賳 丕賱毓丕賱賲 睾丕亘丞 賱丕 毓丿丕賱丞 賮賷賴 賵 賱丕 丨賯賵賯 亘爻亘亘 賵丨卮賷丞 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳 賵 噩卮毓賴.
賴賵 丿丕卅賲丕賸 丕賰孬乇 卮乇丕爻丞 賵 鬲賵丨卮 賲賲丕 賳鬲禺賷賱. 賵 丕賱賯賵丞 賴賷 丕賱賱睾丞 丕賱爻丕卅丿丞 賲賴賲丕 丨丕賵賱賳丕 乇賮毓 卮毓丕乇丕鬲 丕賱丕賳爻丕賳賷丞 賵 丕賱丨乇賷丞.
丕賯乇丐賵丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賱賰賷 賱丕 賳賳爻賶 賵 賳禺爻乇 賲丕 鬲亘賯賶 賲賳 丕賱丕賲賱 ~
10/2023
丕賱丕賱賲 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷 賰亘賷乇 賵 賱丕 賷賳鬲賴賷 ..
丕賱賱賴賲 賰賳 賲毓 丕賴賱賳丕 賮賷 睾夭丞 ..
丕賱賱賴賲 丕賱胤賮 亘賴賲 賵 賳噩賷賴賲 賲賳 丕賱賯賵賲 丕賱馗丕賱賲賷賳 馃げ
May 28, 2021
丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳
佗侑 賲丕賷賵 佗贍佗佟
賰鬲丕亘 鬲兀乇賷禺 賯賷賾賲 噩丿丕 毓賱賶 氐毓賷丿 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賵鬲丨丿賷丿 丕賱賲賮丕賴賷賲. 兀毓鬲乇賮 亘兀賳 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賲丕 胤乇丨賴 賲賳 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賰丕賳 噩丿賷丿丕 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷.
賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賷胤乇丨 廿賷賱丕賳 亘丕亘賷賴 賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷貙 賵賰賷賮 賷賳胤亘賯 賴匕丕 丕賱賲賮賴賵賲 毓賱賶 賲丕 賮毓賱賴 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳 (賵賱丕 賷夭丕賱賵賳 賷賮毓賱賵賳賴). 孬賲 賷匕賴亘 亘胤賷卅丕 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賲賳匕 兀賷丕賲 丕賱丕賳鬲丿丕亘 丕賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷 賵亘丿丕賷丕鬲 丕賱賴噩乇丞 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞 賱賷匕賰乇 亘丕賱鬲賮氐賷賱 丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲 亘賴丕 丕賱氐賴賷丕賳丞 賱鬲賳賮賷匕 禺胤鬲賴賲貙 亘鬲賴噩賷乇 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賲賳 兀乇囟賴賲 毓亘乇 賲賳賴丕噩 賲賳 噩乇丕卅賲 賵丨卮賷丞 鬲囟賲賳鬲 丕賱賯鬲賱 賵丕賱鬲丿賲賷乇 賵賲丨賵 丕賱賯乇賶 賲賳 兀爻丕爻 賵噩賵丿賴丕貙 賲賳 兀噩賱 廿賳卮丕亍 丿賵賱丞 賷賴賵丿賷丞. 賷爻鬲賳丿 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 廿賱賶 賵孬丕卅賯 乇爻賲賷丞 賵賲乇丕爻賱丕鬲 賵賲匕賰乇丕鬲 賲賳 兀胤乇丕賮 賲鬲賮乇賯丞貙 丕賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷賷賳貙 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 賵丕賱賲丐爻爻丕鬲 丕賱丿賵賱賷丞 賰丕賱兀賲賲 丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞貙 亘丕賱廿囟丕賮丞 廿賱賶 賲丕 鬲賲 鬲賵孬賷賯賴 賲賳 卮賴丕丿丕鬲 卮賮賴賷丞 賱賱囟丨丕賷丕. 賴賳丕賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賮氐賵賱 丕賱賲賵噩毓丞 賱噩乇丕卅賲 賲乇毓亘丞 鬲毓乇囟 賱賴丕 丕賱卮毓亘 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷.
賵賷鬲丨丿孬 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀賷囟丕貙 賵亘氐賵乇丞 賲亘丕卮乇丞貙 毓賳 賰賷賮 丨丿孬鬲 賰賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲 亘丨囟賵乇 賲乇丕賯亘賷賳 賵卮賴賵丿 丿賵賱賷賷賳 (丕賱丕賳鬲丿丕亘 丕賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷 兀賵賱丕貙 孬賲 賲乇丕賯亘賷賳 丕賱丕賲賲 丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞貙 賵丨鬲賶 丕賱賯賷丕丿丕鬲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞) 賵賰賷賮 爻賲丨賵丕 亘賲乇賵乇 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲 賵鬲乇丕賵丨鬲 乇丿丕鬲 賮毓賱賴賲 亘賷賳 廿卮丕丨丞 丕賱賵噩賴 毓賳賴丕貙 兀賵 丕賱賯賷丕賲 亘賲馗丕賴乇 卮賰賱賷丞 賵睾賷乇 噩丕丿丞 賱廿賷賯丕賮賴丕. 賵兀賷囟丕貙 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱禺賷丕賳丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞貙 賲爻賲賷丕 丕賱兀爻賲丕亍貙 賵丕賱鬲賵丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱貙 賮賷 賲賯丕胤毓 賲孬賷乇丞 賱賱睾囟亘貙 毓賳 鈥澵з勜必� 丕賱賲夭賷賮丞鈥� 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 賷賰賳 賴丿賮賴丕 鬲丨乇賷乇 賮賱爻胤賷賳 亘賯丿乇 賲丕 賴丿賮鬲 賱廿賯鬲胤丕毓 丨氐丞 賲賳 丕賱賰賷賰丞.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丨丕賮賱 賵賱丕 賷賲賰賳 鬲賱禺賷氐賴貙 賵賱賰賳 賴匕賴 亘毓囟 丕賱賳賯丕胤 丕賱賲賴賲丞 丕賱鬲賷 兀賰鬲賮賷 亘鬲丿賵賷賳賴丕 賴賳丕.
丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賵丕賱賳賰亘丞 賱賲 鬲亘丿兀 賮毓賱賷丕 賲賳匕 賲丕賷賵 佟侃伽侉貙 亘賱 爻亘賯鬲 匕賱賰 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺貙 賲賳匕 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱毓丕賲 佟侃伽侑 (賮鬲乇丞 丕賳鬲丿丕亘 亘乇賷胤丕賳賷) 丨賷賳 鬲毓乇囟鬲 兀賵賱 賯乇賶 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賱廿睾丕乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇貙 賵丕賲鬲丿鬲 廿賱賶 兀賵丕禺乇 佟侃伽侃. 廿賳賴丕 爻賳賵丕鬲 胤賵賷賱丞 賲賳 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞 賵丕賱氐賲鬲 丕賱丿賵賱賷.
兀賳 賷賰賵賳 賴賳丕賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賵孬丕卅賯 賵丕賱卮賴賵丿 丕賱丿賵賱賷賷賳 賱賴匕賴 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲貙 賵賱丕 賷購賳氐賮 囟丨丕賷丕賴丕貙 亘賱 賵兀卮丿 賲賳 匕賱賰貙 賷賲囟賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 亘廿鬲噩丕賴 賳爻賷丕賳 賵廿賳賰丕乇 丕賱賳賰亘丞貙 兀賵 鬲噩丕賵夭賴丕 賰賲丕 賱賵 賰丕賳鬲 噩乇丨丕 賮賷 廿氐亘毓 賲賳 兀噩賱 鈥澵官呝勝娯� 丕賱爻賱丕賲鈥� 丕賱禺貙 賴匕丕 鬲毓丕賲賷 賵鬲賵丕胤丐 丿賵賱賷 賮賷 丕賱噩乇賷賲丞. 廿賳賴 廿卮丕乇丞 氐丕乇禺丞 賱毓丿賲 毓丿丕賱丞 賴匕丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲.
丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱匕賷 賷氐賮賴 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賱丕 賷夭丕賱 賲爻鬲賲乇丕貙 賵廿賳 賰丕賳 賷兀禺匕 卮賰賱丕 兀賰孬乇 鈥澵顿懾必р€� 賮賷 毓丕賱賲 丕賱賷賵賲貙 賰賲丕 賷丨丿孬 賮賷 丕賱賯丿爻 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賷丕賲. 賷鬲乇丕賮賯 匕賱賰 賲毓 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱賲爻鬲賲乇 賱賲丨賵 匕丕賰乇丞 丕賱賳賰亘丞 賵氐賳丕毓丞 匕丕賰乇丞 噩丿賷丿丞. 丕賱賮氐賵賱 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丨丿孬 賮賷賴丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賳 鬲睾賷賷乇 賴賵賷丞 丕賱兀乇囟 噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賵孬賯丕賮賷丕貙 賵丕賱睾丕亘丕鬲 丕賱卮丕爻毓丞 丕賱鬲賷 夭乇毓賵賴丕 賮賵賯 丕賱賯乇賶 丕賱賲賲爻賵丨丞 賱胤賲爻 賰賱 兀孬乇 賵鬲丕乇賷禺 賱賴丕貙 賰丕賳鬲 賲匕賴賱丞.
賷氐賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 賲賳毓胤賮丕鬲 禺胤丞 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賰賷賮 丕爻鬲孬賲乇 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 匕賰乇賶 丕賱賴賵賱賵賰賵爻鬲 賱氐丕賱丨 鬲賲乇賷乇 噩乇丕卅賲賴賲貙 賮賷 毓丕賱賲 丿賵賱賷 噩亘丕賳 賵賲噩賱賱 亘禺夭賷 噩乇賷賲鬲賴 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞貙 丨鬲賶 兀賳賴 賷鬲賵丕胤兀 亘睾囟 賳馗乇賴 毓賳 噩乇丕卅賲 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞貙 賵丕賱丨匕乇 賮賷 鬲賵噩賷賴 丕賱賳賯丿 賱賴賲 亘爻亘亘 賲丕 賲乇賵丕 亘賴. 賵賲賳 丕賱噩賴丞 丕賱兀禺乇賶 賷氐賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賷囟丕 賰賷賮 鬲噩賳亘 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 賮賷 爻賳賵丕鬲 丕賱賳賰亘丞 鬲賱賰 賰賱 賲丕 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賷乇亘胤 亘賷賳 賲丕 噩乇賶 賱賱賷賴賵丿 毓賱賶 賷丿 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賵賲丕 賷賯賵賲賵賳 亘賴 鬲噩丕賴 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 (賵賴賵 賲鬲卮丕亘賴 噩丿丕!)貙 丨鬲賶 兀賳賴賲 丿賮毓賵丕 亘廿鬲噩丕賴 丕賳卮丕亍 賵賰丕賱丞 賲爻鬲賯賱丞 賱賱丕噩卅賷賳 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賱賰賷 賱丕 鬲賰賵賳 賲賳馗賲丞 丕賱賱丕噩卅賷賳 丕賱丿賵賱賷丞 匕丕鬲賴丕 丕賱鬲賷 丿丕賮毓鬲 毓賳 丕賱賷賴賵丿 爻丕亘賯丕貙 賴賷 丕賱賲丿丕賮毓丞 毓賳 賳賮爻 丕賱丨賯 賱賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳.
兀毓鬲賯丿 兀賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 乇睾賲 賰賵賳賴 丕爻乇丕卅賷賱丕 亘丿丕 賲賳氐賮丕 賵賲鬲丨賷夭丕 賮賯胤 賱賲賵囟賵毓賴 賵兀胤乇賵丨鬲賴貙 賵爻毓賷賴 賱廿孬亘丕鬲 丨丿賵孬 噩乇賷賲丞 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳貙 賲鬲卮亘孬丕 亘賮賰乇丞 兀賳 丕賱賵氐賵賱 廿賱賶 丨賱 賱賱賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱賯丕卅賲丞貙 賷亘丿兀 亘丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕賮 亘賵賯賵毓 丕賱噩乇賷賲丞貙 鬲爻賲賷鬲賴丕 丕賱鬲爻賲賷丞 丕賱氐丨賷丨丞貙 賵丕賱亘丿亍 亘廿賳氐丕賮 丕賱囟丨丕賷丕.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 賵兀賳氐丨 亘賯乇丕亍鬲賴 賱賰賱 賲賴鬲賲 亘賮賱爻胤賷賳.
佗侑 賲丕賷賵 佗贍佗佟
賰鬲丕亘 鬲兀乇賷禺 賯賷賾賲 噩丿丕 毓賱賶 氐毓賷丿 丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞 賵鬲丨丿賷丿 丕賱賲賮丕賴賷賲. 兀毓鬲乇賮 亘兀賳 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賲丕 胤乇丨賴 賲賳 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 賰丕賳 噩丿賷丿丕 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賷.
賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘貙 賷胤乇丨 廿賷賱丕賳 亘丕亘賷賴 賲賮賴賵賲 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷貙 賵賰賷賮 賷賳胤亘賯 賴匕丕 丕賱賲賮賴賵賲 毓賱賶 賲丕 賮毓賱賴 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳 (賵賱丕 賷夭丕賱賵賳 賷賮毓賱賵賳賴). 孬賲 賷匕賴亘 亘胤賷卅丕 賮賷 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺 賲賳匕 兀賷丕賲 丕賱丕賳鬲丿丕亘 丕賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷 賵亘丿丕賷丕鬲 丕賱賴噩乇丞 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞 賱賷匕賰乇 亘丕賱鬲賮氐賷賱 丕賱禺胤賵丕鬲 丕賱鬲賷 賯丕賲 亘賴丕 丕賱氐賴賷丕賳丞 賱鬲賳賮賷匕 禺胤鬲賴賲貙 亘鬲賴噩賷乇 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賲賳 兀乇囟賴賲 毓亘乇 賲賳賴丕噩 賲賳 噩乇丕卅賲 賵丨卮賷丞 鬲囟賲賳鬲 丕賱賯鬲賱 賵丕賱鬲丿賲賷乇 賵賲丨賵 丕賱賯乇賶 賲賳 兀爻丕爻 賵噩賵丿賴丕貙 賲賳 兀噩賱 廿賳卮丕亍 丿賵賱丞 賷賴賵丿賷丞. 賷爻鬲賳丿 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 廿賱賶 賵孬丕卅賯 乇爻賲賷丞 賵賲乇丕爻賱丕鬲 賵賲匕賰乇丕鬲 賲賳 兀胤乇丕賮 賲鬲賮乇賯丞貙 丕賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷賷賳貙 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 賵丕賱賲丐爻爻丕鬲 丕賱丿賵賱賷丞 賰丕賱兀賲賲 丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞貙 亘丕賱廿囟丕賮丞 廿賱賶 賲丕 鬲賲 鬲賵孬賷賯賴 賲賳 卮賴丕丿丕鬲 卮賮賴賷丞 賱賱囟丨丕賷丕. 賴賳丕賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賮氐賵賱 丕賱賲賵噩毓丞 賱噩乇丕卅賲 賲乇毓亘丞 鬲毓乇囟 賱賴丕 丕賱卮毓亘 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷.
賵賷鬲丨丿孬 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 兀賷囟丕貙 賵亘氐賵乇丞 賲亘丕卮乇丞貙 毓賳 賰賷賮 丨丿孬鬲 賰賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲 亘丨囟賵乇 賲乇丕賯亘賷賳 賵卮賴賵丿 丿賵賱賷賷賳 (丕賱丕賳鬲丿丕亘 丕賱亘乇賷胤丕賳賷 兀賵賱丕貙 孬賲 賲乇丕賯亘賷賳 丕賱丕賲賲 丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞貙 賵丨鬲賶 丕賱賯賷丕丿丕鬲 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞) 賵賰賷賮 爻賲丨賵丕 亘賲乇賵乇 鬲賱賰 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲 賵鬲乇丕賵丨鬲 乇丿丕鬲 賮毓賱賴賲 亘賷賳 廿卮丕丨丞 丕賱賵噩賴 毓賳賴丕貙 兀賵 丕賱賯賷丕賲 亘賲馗丕賴乇 卮賰賱賷丞 賵睾賷乇 噩丕丿丞 賱廿賷賯丕賮賴丕. 賵兀賷囟丕貙 賷鬲丨丿孬 毓賳 丕賱禺賷丕賳丞 丕賱毓乇亘賷丞貙 賲爻賲賷丕 丕賱兀爻賲丕亍貙 賵丕賱鬲賵丕乇賷禺 賵丕賱鬲賮丕氐賷賱貙 賮賷 賲賯丕胤毓 賲孬賷乇丞 賱賱睾囟亘貙 毓賳 鈥澵з勜必� 丕賱賲夭賷賮丞鈥� 丕賱鬲賷 賱賲 賷賰賳 賴丿賮賴丕 鬲丨乇賷乇 賮賱爻胤賷賳 亘賯丿乇 賲丕 賴丿賮鬲 賱廿賯鬲胤丕毓 丨氐丞 賲賳 丕賱賰賷賰丞.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 丨丕賮賱 賵賱丕 賷賲賰賳 鬲賱禺賷氐賴貙 賵賱賰賳 賴匕賴 亘毓囟 丕賱賳賯丕胤 丕賱賲賴賲丞 丕賱鬲賷 兀賰鬲賮賷 亘鬲丿賵賷賳賴丕 賴賳丕.
丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賵丕賱賳賰亘丞 賱賲 鬲亘丿兀 賮毓賱賷丕 賲賳匕 賲丕賷賵 佟侃伽侉貙 亘賱 爻亘賯鬲 匕賱賰 丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺貙 賲賳匕 賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱毓丕賲 佟侃伽侑 (賮鬲乇丞 丕賳鬲丿丕亘 亘乇賷胤丕賳賷) 丨賷賳 鬲毓乇囟鬲 兀賵賱 賯乇賶 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賱廿睾丕乇丕鬲 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇貙 賵丕賲鬲丿鬲 廿賱賶 兀賵丕禺乇 佟侃伽侃. 廿賳賴丕 爻賳賵丕鬲 胤賵賷賱丞 賲賳 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲 丕賱氐賴賷賵賳賷丞 賵丕賱氐賲鬲 丕賱丿賵賱賷.
兀賳 賷賰賵賳 賴賳丕賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賵孬丕卅賯 賵丕賱卮賴賵丿 丕賱丿賵賱賷賷賳 賱賴匕賴 丕賱噩乇丕卅賲貙 賵賱丕 賷購賳氐賮 囟丨丕賷丕賴丕貙 亘賱 賵兀卮丿 賲賳 匕賱賰貙 賷賲囟賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 亘廿鬲噩丕賴 賳爻賷丕賳 賵廿賳賰丕乇 丕賱賳賰亘丞貙 兀賵 鬲噩丕賵夭賴丕 賰賲丕 賱賵 賰丕賳鬲 噩乇丨丕 賮賷 廿氐亘毓 賲賳 兀噩賱 鈥澵官呝勝娯� 丕賱爻賱丕賲鈥� 丕賱禺貙 賴匕丕 鬲毓丕賲賷 賵鬲賵丕胤丐 丿賵賱賷 賮賷 丕賱噩乇賷賲丞. 廿賳賴 廿卮丕乇丞 氐丕乇禺丞 賱毓丿賲 毓丿丕賱丞 賴匕丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲.
丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱匕賷 賷氐賮賴 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 賱丕 賷夭丕賱 賲爻鬲賲乇丕貙 賵廿賳 賰丕賳 賷兀禺匕 卮賰賱丕 兀賰孬乇 鈥澵顿懾必р€� 賮賷 毓丕賱賲 丕賱賷賵賲貙 賰賲丕 賷丨丿孬 賮賷 丕賱賯丿爻 賴匕賴 丕賱兀賷丕賲. 賷鬲乇丕賮賯 匕賱賰 賲毓 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱賲爻鬲賲乇 賱賲丨賵 匕丕賰乇丞 丕賱賳賰亘丞 賵氐賳丕毓丞 匕丕賰乇丞 噩丿賷丿丞. 丕賱賮氐賵賱 丕賱鬲賷 鬲丨丿孬 賮賷賴丕 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 毓賳 鬲睾賷賷乇 賴賵賷丞 丕賱兀乇囟 噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 賵孬賯丕賮賷丕貙 賵丕賱睾丕亘丕鬲 丕賱卮丕爻毓丞 丕賱鬲賷 夭乇毓賵賴丕 賮賵賯 丕賱賯乇賶 丕賱賲賲爻賵丨丞 賱胤賲爻 賰賱 兀孬乇 賵鬲丕乇賷禺 賱賴丕貙 賰丕賳鬲 賲匕賴賱丞.
賷氐賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 丕賱毓丿賷丿 賲賳 賲賳毓胤賮丕鬲 禺胤丞 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賰賷賮 丕爻鬲孬賲乇 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 匕賰乇賶 丕賱賴賵賱賵賰賵爻鬲 賱氐丕賱丨 鬲賲乇賷乇 噩乇丕卅賲賴賲貙 賮賷 毓丕賱賲 丿賵賱賷 噩亘丕賳 賵賲噩賱賱 亘禺夭賷 噩乇賷賲鬲賴 丕賱爻丕亘賯丞貙 丨鬲賶 兀賳賴 賷鬲賵丕胤兀 亘睾囟 賳馗乇賴 毓賳 噩乇丕卅賲 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞貙 賵丕賱丨匕乇 賮賷 鬲賵噩賷賴 丕賱賳賯丿 賱賴賲 亘爻亘亘 賲丕 賲乇賵丕 亘賴. 賵賲賳 丕賱噩賴丞 丕賱兀禺乇賶 賷氐賮 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 兀賷囟丕 賰賷賮 鬲噩賳亘 丕賱氐賴丕賷賳丞 賮賷 爻賳賵丕鬲 丕賱賳賰亘丞 鬲賱賰 賰賱 賲丕 賷賲賰賳 兀賳 賷乇亘胤 亘賷賳 賲丕 噩乇賶 賱賱賷賴賵丿 毓賱賶 賷丿 丕賱賳丕夭賷丞 賵賲丕 賷賯賵賲賵賳 亘賴 鬲噩丕賴 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 (賵賴賵 賲鬲卮丕亘賴 噩丿丕!)貙 丨鬲賶 兀賳賴賲 丿賮毓賵丕 亘廿鬲噩丕賴 丕賳卮丕亍 賵賰丕賱丞 賲爻鬲賯賱丞 賱賱丕噩卅賷賳 丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳 賱賰賷 賱丕 鬲賰賵賳 賲賳馗賲丞 丕賱賱丕噩卅賷賳 丕賱丿賵賱賷丞 匕丕鬲賴丕 丕賱鬲賷 丿丕賮毓鬲 毓賳 丕賱賷賴賵丿 爻丕亘賯丕貙 賴賷 丕賱賲丿丕賮毓丞 毓賳 賳賮爻 丕賱丨賯 賱賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷賷賳.
兀毓鬲賯丿 兀賳 丕賱賰丕鬲亘 乇睾賲 賰賵賳賴 丕爻乇丕卅賷賱丕 亘丿丕 賲賳氐賮丕 賵賲鬲丨賷夭丕 賮賯胤 賱賲賵囟賵毓賴 賵兀胤乇賵丨鬲賴貙 賵爻毓賷賴 賱廿孬亘丕鬲 丨丿賵孬 噩乇賷賲丞 丕賱鬲胤賴賷乇 丕賱毓乇賯賷 賮賷 賮賱爻胤賷賳貙 賲鬲卮亘孬丕 亘賮賰乇丞 兀賳 丕賱賵氐賵賱 廿賱賶 丨賱 賱賱賲卮賰賱丞 丕賱賯丕卅賲丞貙 賷亘丿兀 亘丕賱丕毓鬲乇丕賮 亘賵賯賵毓 丕賱噩乇賷賲丞貙 鬲爻賲賷鬲賴丕 丕賱鬲爻賲賷丞 丕賱氐丨賷丨丞貙 賵丕賱亘丿亍 亘廿賳氐丕賮 丕賱囟丨丕賷丕.
丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賲賴賲 賵兀賳氐丨 亘賯乇丕亍鬲賴 賱賰賱 賲賴鬲賲 亘賮賱爻胤賷賳.
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July 7, 2021The Amerie's Book Club selection for July 2021 is THE ETHNIC CLEANSING OF PALESTINE by Ilan Pappe.
In The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, Israeli historian Ilan Pappe lays out in intricate detail how the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians from their land was not a side effect of, but a pre-planned essential step for, the creation of the state of Israel. This series of massacres and expulsions鈥擳he Nakba鈥攊s commemorated by the Palestinian people as a catastrophe both past and present, but it has never been acknowledged by Israel, even as the Nakba鈥攁nd the right of millions of Palestinians to return to their homeland鈥攊s at the crux of any chance for peace. In brilliant fashion, Professor Pappe revisits what happened in the early 20th century so that we might understand what is happening now, and finally, hopefully, move toward a long-awaited peace.
馃摎
#AmeriesBookClub #ReadwithAmerie #ABC #IlanPappe #TheEthnicCleansingofPalestine @AmeriesBookClub @oneworldpublications
ABOUT ILAN PAPPE
Professor Ilan Pappe is an Israeli historian and socialist activist. He is also the author of the bestselling The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine (Oneworld), A History of Modern Palestine (Cambridge), The Modern Middle East (Routledge), The Israel/Palestine Question (Routledge), The Forgotten Palestinians: A History of the Palestinians in Israel (Yale), The Idea of Israel: A History of Power and Knowledge (Verso) and with Noam Chomsky, Gaza in Crisis: Reflections on Israel's War Against the Palestinians (Penguin). He writes for, among others, the Guardian and the London Review of Books.
Professor Papp茅 obtained his BA degree from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1979 and the D. Phil from the University of Oxford in 1984.
He founded and directed the Academic Institute for Peace in Givat Haviva, Israel between 1992 to 2000 and was the Chair of the Emil Tuma Institute for Palestine Studies in Haifa between 2000 and 2006.
Professor Papp茅 was a senior lecturer in the department of Middle Eastern History and the Department of Political Science in Haifa University, Israel between 1984 and 2006.
He was appointed as chair in the department of History in the Cornwall Campus, 2007-2009 and became a fellow of the IAIS in 2010.
His research focuses on the modern Middle East and in particular the history of Israel and Palestine. He has also written on multiculturalism, Critical Discourse Analysis and on Power and Knowledge in general.
In The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, Israeli historian Ilan Pappe lays out in intricate detail how the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians from their land was not a side effect of, but a pre-planned essential step for, the creation of the state of Israel. This series of massacres and expulsions鈥擳he Nakba鈥攊s commemorated by the Palestinian people as a catastrophe both past and present, but it has never been acknowledged by Israel, even as the Nakba鈥攁nd the right of millions of Palestinians to return to their homeland鈥攊s at the crux of any chance for peace. In brilliant fashion, Professor Pappe revisits what happened in the early 20th century so that we might understand what is happening now, and finally, hopefully, move toward a long-awaited peace.
馃摎
#AmeriesBookClub #ReadwithAmerie #ABC #IlanPappe #TheEthnicCleansingofPalestine @AmeriesBookClub @oneworldpublications
ABOUT ILAN PAPPE
Professor Ilan Pappe is an Israeli historian and socialist activist. He is also the author of the bestselling The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine (Oneworld), A History of Modern Palestine (Cambridge), The Modern Middle East (Routledge), The Israel/Palestine Question (Routledge), The Forgotten Palestinians: A History of the Palestinians in Israel (Yale), The Idea of Israel: A History of Power and Knowledge (Verso) and with Noam Chomsky, Gaza in Crisis: Reflections on Israel's War Against the Palestinians (Penguin). He writes for, among others, the Guardian and the London Review of Books.
Professor Papp茅 obtained his BA degree from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1979 and the D. Phil from the University of Oxford in 1984.
He founded and directed the Academic Institute for Peace in Givat Haviva, Israel between 1992 to 2000 and was the Chair of the Emil Tuma Institute for Palestine Studies in Haifa between 2000 and 2006.
Professor Papp茅 was a senior lecturer in the department of Middle Eastern History and the Department of Political Science in Haifa University, Israel between 1984 and 2006.
He was appointed as chair in the department of History in the Cornwall Campus, 2007-2009 and became a fellow of the IAIS in 2010.
His research focuses on the modern Middle East and in particular the history of Israel and Palestine. He has also written on multiculturalism, Critical Discourse Analysis and on Power and Knowledge in general.
December 7, 2023
My god what Palestinians have gone through, wow. This was incredibly eye opening. I personally struggle reading nonfiction, but I found this pretty easy to read. The author has done a good job at using straight forward language. Additionally, I read this via audiobook, and I think that helped.
Highly, highly recommend. Wow.
Highly, highly recommend. Wow.
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December 7, 2023Don't take the lack of rating to mean this isn't well written or informative or emotionally impactful. It's all those things but I don't rate non-fiction as a rule.
I don't know what to say about this book except that if you come out the end (hell, if you make it to chapter one) still believing the state of Israel is in the right and the actions of the Zionists are acceptable, there's no convincing you otherwise. Because you've seen the atrocities live on social media, in the photos, the reports, the conditions that existed (though many of us were ignorant to, myself included) even pre-bombing. And if this still doesn't change your opinion of the situation.. nothing will. Certainly not this review which won't even be a review. Instead I'll be pasting in some passages not to provide context and not for your consideration. But because everything that was done, and continues to be done, is horrible and horrifying and it's right there in black and white. Full of facts and receipts (or in this case footnote references) of the premeditated evil that was and continues to be perpetrated today.
After the Holocaust, it has become almost impossible to conceal large-scale crimes against humanity. Our modern communication-driven world, especially since the upsurge of electronic media, no longer allows human-made catastrophes to remain hidden from the public eye or to be denied. And yet, one such crime has been erased almost totally from the global public memory: the dispossession of the Palestinians in 1948 by Israel.
This, the most formative event in the modern history of the land of Palestine, has ever since been systematically denied, and is still today not recognised as an historical fact, let alone acknowledged as a crime that needs to be confronted politically as well as morally.
Besides their trauma, the deepest form of frustration for Palestinians has been that the criminal act these men were responsible for has been so thoroughly denied, and that Palestinian suffering has been so totally ignored, ever since 1948.
Approximately thirty years ago, the victims of the ethnic cleansing started reassembling the historical picture that the official Israeli narrative of 1948 had done everything to conceal and distort. The tale Israeli historiography had concocted spoke of a massive 鈥渧oluntary transfer鈥� of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians who had decided temporarily to leave their homes and villages so as to make way for the invading Arab armies bent on destroying the fledgling Jewish state.
The attempt to portray Palestinians, and Arabs in general, as Nazis was a deliberate public relations ploy to ensure that, three years after the Holocaust, Jewish soldiers would not lose heart when ordered to cleanse, kill and destroy other human beings.
Israeli, and in particular American, public opinion, however, succeeded in perpetuating the myth of potential destruction or a 鈥榮econd Holocaust鈥� awaiting the future Jewish state. Exploiting this mythology, Israel was later able to secure massive support for the state in Jewish communities around the world, while demonising the Arabs as a whole, and the Palestinians in particular, in the eyes of the general public in the US. The reality on the ground was, of course, almost the complete opposite.
Under the watchful eyes of UN observers who were patrolling the skies of the Galilee, the final stage of the ethnic cleansing operation, begun in October 1948, continued until the summer of 1949. Whether from the sky or on the ground, no one could fail to spot the hordes of men, women and children streaming north every day. Ragged women and children were conspicuously dominant in these human convoys: the young men were gone 鈥� executed, arrested or missing. By this time UN observers from above and Jewish eyewitnesses on the ground must have become desensitised towards the plight of the people passing by in front of them: how else to explain the silent acquiescence in the face of the massive deportation unfolding before their eyes?
[..] three years after the Holocaust, what went through the minds of those Jews who watched these wretched people pass by?
In order to forestall international indignation over collective dispossession, the Israeli government appointed a custodian鈥� for the newly acquired properties, pending a final decision over their fate. Typical of previous Zionist conduct, this 鈥榩ragmatic鈥� solution became policy until a 鈥榮trategic鈥� decision would follow to change it (i.e., by redefining the status of the dispossessed assets). The Custodian was thus a function the Israeli government created in order to fend off any possible fallout from UN Resolution 194 that insisted that all refugees be allowed to return and/or be compensated. By putting all private and collective possessions of the expelled Palestinians under its custody, the government could, and in effect did, sell these properties to public and private Jewish groups and individuals later under the spurious pretext that no claimants had come forward. Moreover, the moment the confiscated lands from Palestinian owners were put under government custodianship they became state lands, which by law belonged to the Jewish nation, which, in turn, meant that none of it could be sold to Arabs.
But return or resettlement was not the only issue. There was also the question of the money expropriated from the 1,300,000 Palestinians, the ex-citizens of Mandatory Palestine, whose finances had been invested in banks and institutions that were all seized by the Israeli authorities after May 1948. Neither did Israel鈥檚 proposed policy of resettlement address the issue of Palestinian property now in Israeli hands. A member of the committee was the first governor of the national bank, David Horowitz, and he estimated the combined value of property 鈥榣eft by the Arabs鈥� at 100 million pounds. To avoid becoming embroiled in international investigations and scrutiny, he suggested as a solution: 鈥楳aybe we can sell it to American Jews?
As the owner of lands in general, along with other agencies that possess state land in Israel such as the Israeli Land Authority, the army and the government, the Jewish National Fund was also involved in establishing new Jewish settlements on the lands of the destroyed Palestinian villages. Here, dispossession was accompanied by the renaming of the places it had seized, destroyed and now recreated. This mission was accomplished with the help of archaeologists and biblical experts who volunteered to serve on an official Naming Committee whose job it was to Hebraize Palestine鈥檚 geography.
The world looks on as the strongest milita power in the region, with its Apache helicopters, tanks and bulldozers, attacks an unarmed and defenseless population civilians and impoverished refugees, among whom small groups poorly equipped militias try to make a brave but ineffective stand.
Israel鈥檚 鈥渢reatment鈥� of the Palestinians in [1948] is bound to raise troubling questions about the moral legitimacy of the Zionist project as a whole. This makes it crucial for Israelis to keep a strong mechanism of denial in place, not only to help them defeat the counter-claims Palestinians were making in the peace process, but 鈥� far more importantly 鈥� so as to thwart all significant debate on the essence and moral foundations of Zionism.
For Israelis, to recognise the Palestinians as the victims of Israeli actions is deeply distressing, in at least two ways. As this form of acknowledgement means facing up to the historical injustice in which Israel is incriminated through the ethnic cleansing of Palestine in 1948, it calls into question the very foundational myths of the State of Israel, and it raises a host of ethical questions that have inescapable implications for the future of the state.
[..] unless Israel acknowledges the cardinal role it has played, and continues to play, in the dispossession of the Palestinian nation, and accepts the consequences this recognition of the ethnic cleansing implies, all attempts to solve the Israel-Palestine conflict are bound to fail.
And finally, as we reached the end, this seemed like a very prescient note to end on :
Not all the Jews in Israel are blind to the scenes of carnage that their army left behind in 1948, nor are they deaf to the cries of the expelled, the wounded, the tortured and the raped as they keep reaching us through those who survived, and through their children and grandchildren. In fact, growing numbers of Israelis are aware of the truth of what happened in 1948, and fully comprehend the moral implications of the ethnic cleansing that raged in the country. They also recognise the risk of Israel re-activating the cleansing programme in a desperate attempt to maintain its absolute Jewish majority.
Organisations such as Hizbullah and Hamas, which dare to question Israel鈥檚 right to impose its unilateral will on Palestine, have faced Israel鈥檚 military might and, so far (at the time of writing) are managing to withstand the assault. But it is far from over. [..] the risk of even more devastating conflict and bloodshed has never been so acute.
I won鈥檛 lie. There were so many names, both of people and towns, the numbers of expelled persons and those who died, so much of which I won鈥檛 remember. But nonetheless the writing was very easy to follow and the impact of it all will linger as it provides so much context and historical trauma to the events we have seen, and continue to see, play out in front of us every day.
This was the first reading I鈥檝e done on the history of Palestine and its occupation and while it was hard, and it took time to get through, it definitely won鈥檛 be the last. Very much recommended.
---
This review can also be found at .
I don't know what to say about this book except that if you come out the end (hell, if you make it to chapter one) still believing the state of Israel is in the right and the actions of the Zionists are acceptable, there's no convincing you otherwise. Because you've seen the atrocities live on social media, in the photos, the reports, the conditions that existed (though many of us were ignorant to, myself included) even pre-bombing. And if this still doesn't change your opinion of the situation.. nothing will. Certainly not this review which won't even be a review. Instead I'll be pasting in some passages not to provide context and not for your consideration. But because everything that was done, and continues to be done, is horrible and horrifying and it's right there in black and white. Full of facts and receipts (or in this case footnote references) of the premeditated evil that was and continues to be perpetrated today.
After the Holocaust, it has become almost impossible to conceal large-scale crimes against humanity. Our modern communication-driven world, especially since the upsurge of electronic media, no longer allows human-made catastrophes to remain hidden from the public eye or to be denied. And yet, one such crime has been erased almost totally from the global public memory: the dispossession of the Palestinians in 1948 by Israel.
This, the most formative event in the modern history of the land of Palestine, has ever since been systematically denied, and is still today not recognised as an historical fact, let alone acknowledged as a crime that needs to be confronted politically as well as morally.
Besides their trauma, the deepest form of frustration for Palestinians has been that the criminal act these men were responsible for has been so thoroughly denied, and that Palestinian suffering has been so totally ignored, ever since 1948.
Approximately thirty years ago, the victims of the ethnic cleansing started reassembling the historical picture that the official Israeli narrative of 1948 had done everything to conceal and distort. The tale Israeli historiography had concocted spoke of a massive 鈥渧oluntary transfer鈥� of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians who had decided temporarily to leave their homes and villages so as to make way for the invading Arab armies bent on destroying the fledgling Jewish state.
The attempt to portray Palestinians, and Arabs in general, as Nazis was a deliberate public relations ploy to ensure that, three years after the Holocaust, Jewish soldiers would not lose heart when ordered to cleanse, kill and destroy other human beings.
Israeli, and in particular American, public opinion, however, succeeded in perpetuating the myth of potential destruction or a 鈥榮econd Holocaust鈥� awaiting the future Jewish state. Exploiting this mythology, Israel was later able to secure massive support for the state in Jewish communities around the world, while demonising the Arabs as a whole, and the Palestinians in particular, in the eyes of the general public in the US. The reality on the ground was, of course, almost the complete opposite.
Under the watchful eyes of UN observers who were patrolling the skies of the Galilee, the final stage of the ethnic cleansing operation, begun in October 1948, continued until the summer of 1949. Whether from the sky or on the ground, no one could fail to spot the hordes of men, women and children streaming north every day. Ragged women and children were conspicuously dominant in these human convoys: the young men were gone 鈥� executed, arrested or missing. By this time UN observers from above and Jewish eyewitnesses on the ground must have become desensitised towards the plight of the people passing by in front of them: how else to explain the silent acquiescence in the face of the massive deportation unfolding before their eyes?
[..] three years after the Holocaust, what went through the minds of those Jews who watched these wretched people pass by?
In order to forestall international indignation over collective dispossession, the Israeli government appointed a custodian鈥� for the newly acquired properties, pending a final decision over their fate. Typical of previous Zionist conduct, this 鈥榩ragmatic鈥� solution became policy until a 鈥榮trategic鈥� decision would follow to change it (i.e., by redefining the status of the dispossessed assets). The Custodian was thus a function the Israeli government created in order to fend off any possible fallout from UN Resolution 194 that insisted that all refugees be allowed to return and/or be compensated. By putting all private and collective possessions of the expelled Palestinians under its custody, the government could, and in effect did, sell these properties to public and private Jewish groups and individuals later under the spurious pretext that no claimants had come forward. Moreover, the moment the confiscated lands from Palestinian owners were put under government custodianship they became state lands, which by law belonged to the Jewish nation, which, in turn, meant that none of it could be sold to Arabs.
But return or resettlement was not the only issue. There was also the question of the money expropriated from the 1,300,000 Palestinians, the ex-citizens of Mandatory Palestine, whose finances had been invested in banks and institutions that were all seized by the Israeli authorities after May 1948. Neither did Israel鈥檚 proposed policy of resettlement address the issue of Palestinian property now in Israeli hands. A member of the committee was the first governor of the national bank, David Horowitz, and he estimated the combined value of property 鈥榣eft by the Arabs鈥� at 100 million pounds. To avoid becoming embroiled in international investigations and scrutiny, he suggested as a solution: 鈥楳aybe we can sell it to American Jews?
As the owner of lands in general, along with other agencies that possess state land in Israel such as the Israeli Land Authority, the army and the government, the Jewish National Fund was also involved in establishing new Jewish settlements on the lands of the destroyed Palestinian villages. Here, dispossession was accompanied by the renaming of the places it had seized, destroyed and now recreated. This mission was accomplished with the help of archaeologists and biblical experts who volunteered to serve on an official Naming Committee whose job it was to Hebraize Palestine鈥檚 geography.
The world looks on as the strongest milita power in the region, with its Apache helicopters, tanks and bulldozers, attacks an unarmed and defenseless population civilians and impoverished refugees, among whom small groups poorly equipped militias try to make a brave but ineffective stand.
Israel鈥檚 鈥渢reatment鈥� of the Palestinians in [1948] is bound to raise troubling questions about the moral legitimacy of the Zionist project as a whole. This makes it crucial for Israelis to keep a strong mechanism of denial in place, not only to help them defeat the counter-claims Palestinians were making in the peace process, but 鈥� far more importantly 鈥� so as to thwart all significant debate on the essence and moral foundations of Zionism.
For Israelis, to recognise the Palestinians as the victims of Israeli actions is deeply distressing, in at least two ways. As this form of acknowledgement means facing up to the historical injustice in which Israel is incriminated through the ethnic cleansing of Palestine in 1948, it calls into question the very foundational myths of the State of Israel, and it raises a host of ethical questions that have inescapable implications for the future of the state.
[..] unless Israel acknowledges the cardinal role it has played, and continues to play, in the dispossession of the Palestinian nation, and accepts the consequences this recognition of the ethnic cleansing implies, all attempts to solve the Israel-Palestine conflict are bound to fail.
And finally, as we reached the end, this seemed like a very prescient note to end on :
Not all the Jews in Israel are blind to the scenes of carnage that their army left behind in 1948, nor are they deaf to the cries of the expelled, the wounded, the tortured and the raped as they keep reaching us through those who survived, and through their children and grandchildren. In fact, growing numbers of Israelis are aware of the truth of what happened in 1948, and fully comprehend the moral implications of the ethnic cleansing that raged in the country. They also recognise the risk of Israel re-activating the cleansing programme in a desperate attempt to maintain its absolute Jewish majority.
Organisations such as Hizbullah and Hamas, which dare to question Israel鈥檚 right to impose its unilateral will on Palestine, have faced Israel鈥檚 military might and, so far (at the time of writing) are managing to withstand the assault. But it is far from over. [..] the risk of even more devastating conflict and bloodshed has never been so acute.
I won鈥檛 lie. There were so many names, both of people and towns, the numbers of expelled persons and those who died, so much of which I won鈥檛 remember. But nonetheless the writing was very easy to follow and the impact of it all will linger as it provides so much context and historical trauma to the events we have seen, and continue to see, play out in front of us every day.
This was the first reading I鈥檝e done on the history of Palestine and its occupation and while it was hard, and it took time to get through, it definitely won鈥檛 be the last. Very much recommended.
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This review can also be found at .
June 17, 2024
Pro-Israel apologists -- and for that matter mainstream Israeli historiography until the rise of the New Historians in the 80s -- have had a number of talking points, all of which those of us who pay attention to the Israel-Palestine conflict have doubtless seen repeated too many times to count on social media:
"The Israel-Palestinian conflict came about entirely because Palestinian Arabs were unwilling to coexist with peaceful Jewish immigrants."
"Palestinians voluntarily self-evacuated in 1948 in order to facilitate the Arab invasion."
"The 1948 War threatened the very existence of Jews in Palestine with a 'second Holocaust.'"
"Israel cannot be an ethnostate because it has Palestinian citizens!"
Pappe counters every one of these talking points, demonstrating it to be utter bullshit, with the support of massive amounts of archival and other primary source material.
What happened in 1947-48 was a crime against humanity that puts even Milosevic's crimes in the Balkans to shame.
"The Israel-Palestinian conflict came about entirely because Palestinian Arabs were unwilling to coexist with peaceful Jewish immigrants."
"Palestinians voluntarily self-evacuated in 1948 in order to facilitate the Arab invasion."
"The 1948 War threatened the very existence of Jews in Palestine with a 'second Holocaust.'"
"Israel cannot be an ethnostate because it has Palestinian citizens!"
Pappe counters every one of these talking points, demonstrating it to be utter bullshit, with the support of massive amounts of archival and other primary source material.
What happened in 1947-48 was a crime against humanity that puts even Milosevic's crimes in the Balkans to shame.
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