Å·±¦ÓéÀÖ

“Although random mutations influenced the course of evolution, their influence was mainly by loss, alteration, and refinement... Never, however, did that one mutation make a wing, a fruit, a woody stem, or a claw appear. Mutations, in summary, tend to induce sickness, death, or deficiencies. No evidence in the vast literature of heredity changes shows unambiguous evidence that random mutation itself, even with geographical isolation of populations, leads to speciation.”
― Lynn Margulis, Acquiring Genomes: A Theory Of The Origin Of Species

“To understand Darwin's work, you have to distinguish between his theory of descent and his theory of natural selection. THe full name of the first is the theory of descent with modification. Some call it the fact of evolution, and some call it the doctrine of evolution.”
― Lee Spetner

“Verbal arguments should always be suspect.”
― Lee Spetner

“Dawkins mentioned two mechanisms: the theory of the ‘primeval soupâ€� and the Cairns-Smith theory. He discussed the latter in some detail. Since no one has computed, for either theory, the chances of the events occurring, Dawkins could not tell us what those chances are. The mechanisms of both theories, however, have every appearance of being very improbably â€� even to the point of being impossible.”
― Lee Spetner