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828
| 0704343355
| 9780704343351
| 0704343355
| 3.81
| 150
| 1987
| Feb 1993
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liked it
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CRITIQUE: Being and Time "Holograms of Fear" is only the second creative work I have consumed in which one or both of the protagonists spent the whole t CRITIQUE: Being and Time "Holograms of Fear" is only the second creative work I have consumed in which one or both of the protagonists spent the whole time in bed (the first being This is a metaphysical novel (view spoiler)[perhaps inspired by Heidegger's philosophy (hide spoiler)], rather than a narrative-based novel. The protagonist and first person narrator is an unnamed Croatian woman (we only get to know her as "I" or "me"). She lived in Zagreb, before moving to New York to receive medical treatment for her congenital kidney disease (where she's connected to a dialysis machine for six years). When the novel begins, she has just been invited to go to Boston to obtain a kidney transplant. The narrator is a being who exists in time. She suffers from disease, and poor health. As she is treated and moves on, she fears that she is approaching death ("the word I fear the most"; it gives her nausea; she describes it as "that five-letter convulsion"). She writes to "establish a balance between time outside and time inside". She hopes to "coordinate movement and thought." She tries to "resolve the conflict encroaching forcefully on [her] consciousness". As she writes, she creates "proofs of existence", even though it might soon come to an end:
[image] Disease and Death She thinks of health "in terms of a negation": It's something that is not dialysis or death. Especially when she is in poor health, she experiences "longing for life", even if it has limits:
Perpetual Fear Although her transplant is successful, she continues to live in fear:
VERSE: The Shiver of Time (Haiku) [Primarily in the Words of Slavenka Drakulic] Time, like a shiver Of nervousness, traverses Across my muscles. SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ The Beatles - "The Ballad of John and Yoko" Frank Sinatra - "Strangers In The Night" (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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832
| 0670890979
| 9780670890972
| 0670890979
| 4.34
| 2,720
| 1999
| Jan 24, 2000
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it was amazing
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HISTORICAL CONTEXT: Yugoslavia I know little about the history of Yugoslavia, especially its collapse and the ensuing Balkan Wars of the 1990's. Up until HISTORICAL CONTEXT: Yugoslavia I know little about the history of Yugoslavia, especially its collapse and the ensuing Balkan Wars of the 1990's. Up until its collapse, it was a confederation of autonomous socialist republics, analogous to the Soviet Union (although it was formally non-aligned with the USSR). From 1953 until his death in 1980, Josip Tito was president of the federation. Tito died shortly after his left leg was amputated, following a gangrenous infection. I remember two generally held views or pieces of gossip from around this period. Firstly, before his death, it was commonly believed that only Tito could have held the federation of Yugoslavia together. It came as no surprise that, after his death, the federation collapsed and disintegrated. Secondly, after the amputation of his leg, there was supposedly a piece of graffiti, perhaps in London, that said, "Alms for the poor, legs for Tito." Bosnia In 1992, the protagonist of this novel was a resident of the small village of B. in Bosnia, where she was a school teacher. Up until Tito's death, Bosnia had been the most ethnically and religiously diverse of the Yugoslav republics. In March, 1992, it held a referendum to determine whether it should declare independence from the federation. While 60% of the participants supported independence, Bosnian Serbs (who made up 30% of the overall population of Bosnia) opposed the referendum, wanting to remain in the federation of Yugoslavia (as did Serbs elsewhere in the federation). After the referendum, hostilities broke out between Bosnians and Croatians (on the one hand), and Serbs and Bosnian Serbs (on the other hand). The Yugoslav People's Army ("JNA") took the side of the Serbs. CRITIQUE: Destruction of Identity The protagonist is a Muslim woman. Her father is a Muslim engineer, and her mother is a Serb. In the novel, she is known only as "S." We don't know her real name or her surname, nor do we know the names of other women or any of the soldiers (although their leader [who is from Serbia] is referred to as "the Captain"). Soldiers from the JNA take S. and other Muslim women to a gym in another village:
Soon after, the women are bussed to a factory warehouse, what one of the soldiers calls an "exchange camp":
While the women have been imprisoned in a part of the camp (known as "the women's room"), the soldiers have killed a group of men, and torched the village:
Proof of Existence S. often takes her personal possessions out of her backpack:
S. has been keeping family photographs in her backpack:
Self-Preservation Just as the soldiers aim to destroy the identity of the internees, they undermine their self-awareness, social-awareness, pride, self-confidence and trust in others:
[image] Slavenka Drakulić Military Rape Like all of the women in the women's room, S. is raped multiple times by guards and soldiers:
The Captain invites S. to keep him company in his quarters at least once a week, usually Saturdays. Unlike the other soldiers, the Captain is never rough with her. If the circumstances had been different, there might have been a mutual attraction. However, this is purely hypothetical. She must content herself with "an advancement in her camp status". Motherhood Shortly before the war ends, S. discovers that she is pregnant. She can't be sure of the identity of the father, so she assumes that it is all of the men she has slept with at the camp. When she is taken to Stockholm as a refugee, she initially decides to offer the child up for adoption. This means that her child, a representative of the next generation, will start without a complete identity. So war deprives multiple generations of their identity. VERSE: The Descent of Dread [In the Words of Slavenka Drakulić] As darkness descends, So does the dread. SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ PJ Harvey - "Dance on the Mountain" "Kalashnikovs Were brought across The mountain On the back of mules They stored their weapons In a school." (hide spoiler)] ...more |
Notes are private!
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829
| 1668048043
| 9781668048047
| 1668048043
| 3.99
| 4,893
| Aug 06, 2024
| Aug 06, 2024
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really liked it
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CRITIQUE: "What I Saw and Heard" For almost half of this book, I thought Nancy Pelosi made a better speaker than a writer. My problem was that I didn't a CRITIQUE: "What I Saw and Heard" For almost half of this book, I thought Nancy Pelosi made a better speaker than a writer. My problem was that I didn't appreciate exactly what I was supposed to be reading. Only in the acknowledgments at the end of the book, does Pelosi declare:
In the Author's Note, she adds:
"The Seven Basic Plots" There are more or less seven substantive chapters, which means she focuses on seven non-chronological challenges, events or stories: 1) the violent attack on her husband, Paul (the price of leadership); 2) her election as Speaker; 3) 9/11 to the Iraq War; 4) Tiananmen Square to Hong Kong and Taiwan; 5) the Global Financial Meltdown; 6) the Affordable Care Act; and 7) the January 6 insurrection and the impeachment proceedings. [image] How to look good in orange. "The Spark of Divinity" As a practising Catholic, Pelosi claims to be guided by the desire to honor "the spark of divinity" in every person. Her core values (which she describes as her "why") are shaped by a passage in the Gospel of Matthew 25:
These values are the foundation of a philosophy of compassion and empathy, which recognises the dignity, need and deservedness of others. Other people are the people for whom we do what we do (not ourselves). It's demeaning and offensive to call this philosophy "woke". I don't understand how people who claim to be Christians and Evangelicals can embrace this term, when they claim to be "born again". "Know Your Power and Use It" Elected office is a vehicle to help achieve these goals for others (for the people and, most of all, for children). One of the pieces of advice she originally received was to "know thy/your power and use it". Pelosi doesn't expressly call these values "the art of power", but she implies that they are the "spark" of the quasi-divine power that legislators and the executive wield, well at least those who are Democrats. The power that Pelosi refers to is the voice and power of the representatives whom she harnesses and manages, in order to get things done, in the face of opposition:
"Outside Mobilisation" Sometimes, this power is not enough and must be supplemented by the power of the people:
Formidable Advocacy and Leadership I don't agree with everything Pelosi advocates (especially with respect to China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, where she prioritises human rights over sovereignty), but I respect that she has been a formidable and effective leader against the GOP that has been remade in the image of Donald J. Trump. America would be worse off if it lacked her or her kind. All political parties need a numbers man (or woman), to make things happen, and they are rarely popular with the opposition. SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ The Mountain Goats - "Matthew 25:21" (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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817
| 014002476X
| 9780140024760
| 014002476X
| 3.65
| 3,435
| 1963
| Jan 06, 1987
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liked it
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CRITIQUE: Gothic Metaphysics The title of Iris Murdoch's novel suggests that it might be concerned with some metaphysical purity, of which the unicorn i CRITIQUE: Gothic Metaphysics The title of Iris Murdoch's novel suggests that it might be concerned with some metaphysical purity, of which the unicorn is a symbol. However, much of the novel is saturated with Gothic symbolism (though apparently set in the 1950's). It's set in an isolated Irish castle (Gaze) perched atop a cliff, facing a rough sea, and overlooking large rocks, from which the castle is protected by heavy iron gates:
Marian Taylor is engaged to teach and serve Hannah Crean-Smith, who has lived alone with her servants, since pushing her husband off the cliff seven years ago. He survived, although it's not clear whether she intended to kill him. He has since lived in New York, where he carries on a business. There has been little contact between them: For much of the novel, it's not apparent whether Hannah or Marian is the titular unicorn. [image] "This is an Insane Story!" Marian's first impression of Hannah is that she is harmless, although as the novel progresses towards its end, she starts to believe that Hannah is capable of a serious crime after all. Hannah nevertheless seems to be suffering from some mental ailment, which might or might not be related to the guilt she feels for her husband's fate. None of Hannah's servants or companions genuinely suspect her of attempted murder. In fact, they empathise with her suffering, believing she has been the victim of her husband:
Gaze acts like a prison for Hannah. It's not clear how long she will remain confined there, because Marian and various other companions (all of whom seem to have fallen in love with her at some time or other, as if enthralled by Courtly [or Courtney] Love) are determined to rescue Hannah. She on the other hand seems to have other views about whether and, if so, how she will escape Gaze. "What Will End It Then?" Marian asks, "What will end it then?" One of her companions suggests:
The novel works methodically towards this and/or various other end(s), all of which seem to be both excessive and inexplicable:
Altogether, the novel consists of 35 short, sharp chapters, although, arguably, three (a beginning, a middle and an end) might have been sufficient. SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ Hole - "Asking For It" Hole (featuring Kurt Cobain) - "Asking For It/ Live Through This" (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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1
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Jun 24, 2024
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809
| 0316920045
| 9780316920049
| 0316920045
| 4.25
| 97,128
| Feb 01, 1996
| 1996
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CRITIQUE: How Does It Feel? Most generations produce some authors and novels that try to boldly explore the world, if not the universe, sometimes in its CRITIQUE: How Does It Feel? Most generations produce some authors and novels that try to boldly explore the world, if not the universe, sometimes in its entirety. “Ulysses�, “The Recognitions�, “Gravity's Rainbow�, “White Noise�, “Infinite Jest� (I so wanted to add “Harry Potter�, “Twilight�, “The Hunger Games�). Increasingly, as the world and our perception of it have become more diverse and complex, so have the ambition and complexity of these novels. Not everyone likes them, either. James Wood has criticized novels such as “Infinite Jest� (“IJ�) for their “Hysterical Realism�. Inverting an analogy used by Zadie Smith, he argues that the role of writers is to tell us “how it feels�, rather than “how the world works�. While I believe that David Foster Wallace (DFW) wrote a lot about feeling and how to feel better in and about this world, he was undoubtedly interested in how the world works. The System and the Broomstick There is another school of critics that places “IJ� within the category “Systems Novels�. I’m not a great fan of the critical concept of “Systems Novels�, partly because every novel defines a System of some sorts, it’s just a matter of the size and complexity of the System that differentiates them. Besides, the term is used by many critics as a pejorative term to deride novels that appeal to me. It’s probably best to return to Zadie’s original comment about David Foster Wallace and Dave Eggers: “These are guys who know a great deal about the world. They understand macro-microeconomics, the way the Internet works, math, philosophy, but...they're still people who know something about the street, about family, love, sex, whatever. That is an incredibly fruitful combination. If you can get the balance right. And I don't think any of us have quite yet, but hopefully one of us will." The Psychological Novel I don’t want to denigrate novels that are preoccupied with how characters feel. It is a major (perhaps, the greatest) preoccupation of humanity to seek out love and happiness. However, I do want to say that most “how does it feel� novels are prefaced on a world that was originally, possibly, much different to the world of today. The outside world (and the world of literature) at the time was concerned with the individual and how the individual met certain challenges. The individual had to detect, define, wrestle with and overcome the challenges. To use Aristotle’s analysis, a writer could build a whole (consisting of a beginning, a middle and an end) around the character and how they felt about and dealt with their challenges. However, the world was very much constructed as a stage for the character and the audience to act upon. In an era of Imperialism, the world was little more than a prop for the Hero’s Journey or the Hero’s Conquest. I will describe this type of fiction as “Psychological�. I don’t mean in the sense of understanding how the mind works, but in the sense of describing what is happening in the protagonist’s mind. This type of novel tells us how the character felt during their Hero’s Journey. We witness the protagonist exercise their Free Will. We witness characters exert power and impose themselves successfully on the world. Everything is very self-centred. The world is centred on each Self. Each Self is centred and symmetrical and well-ordered. The protagonists are mentally healthy. The plot is a challenge, but it all ends happily. Sanity prevails. All’s well that ends well. The Socio-Political Novel In contrast, the subject matter of a so-called “Systems Novel� is: � ‘that systematized and disembodied nightmare� of contemporary life, depicting a world in which human beings are formed, informed and deformed by ideological systems that compete, collide and collaborate across a novelistic canvas that can sometimes seem as vast as the world - or even the universe.� Brian Oard: “The Systems Novel: Some Thoughts Toward a Definition� (citing Fredric Jameson's book, “The Prison-House of Language�) When the protagonist is totally overcome by the world or the system, then the concerns of the Novel can become Psycho-Pathological. Where the aim of the author is to protest or draw attention to the underlying reality of this world, then the Novel takes on a Socio-Political dimension. What I will call the “Socio-Political Novel� sees the world as more than just a stage for the individual to act upon. It has a “Socio-Political� dimension, that might be bigger and greater than the individual and therefore potentially or probably beyond the control of the individual. The individual might still be capable of emerging as a Hero. Or the world might make a Victim of the individual, or a Mess. In other words, within the framework of a particular novel, there might be No More Heroes Any More. It’s up to the author to choose. All the World’s a Stage Nowadays, the protagonists can still act or strut upon the stage, but don’t expect the stage to be level or the character to prevail. This is a metaphor for modern life. People still “feel� in this world, but they can feel “powerless�. This is a feeling that needs to be written about. It’s a mistake to suggest that we are still in control and our characters will inevitably prevail in all circumstances in Act Three. To paraphrase F. Scott Fitzgerald, the implication is that, not only might there be “no Second Acts in American Lives�, there might be no Third Acts. We might just dwell in a world First Acts from which we can’t escape or progress. We might not be able to reach a resolution or perfection. We might have ceased to be perfectible. Philosophers have been telling this to us for ages. Only most of our novelists haven’t been paying attention. Though perhaps the ones who ignore their counsel are mounting a defence (a Self-Defence) and counter-attack. Why Is It So? When I hear the question “how do you feel�, I always think of �60 Minutes�-type current affairs. I always feel that the program somehow misses the point, the real underlying cause of the problem. Some of the writers who James Wood criticizes for their "Hysterical Realism" want to go beyond "60 Minutes" enquiries and ask "why is it so?" This appeals to the part of me that wants to solve problems, not just at a micro level, but at a macro level. But it also reflects my views about how the world has changed. Not everything in the world is within the control of the individual, strutting on the stage. This was made apparent a reasonably short time after the publication of “Infinite Jest�. 9/11 and then the GFC showed that there are macro-political and macro-economic forces at play. It would have been very tempting to focus on the grief at these events. However, sooner or later, we had to start asking, why did it happen, why is it so, why? This is the purpose of history, of our story, to prevent the recurrence of a Tragedy as a Farce. Events like this affect the world of the individual, because they affect society as a whole. I don't see why they can't come within the province of the writer. If we restrict ourselves to "how it feels", we run the risk of being like a single cell organism that keeps bumping into something that gives it a strange sensation, yet isn't able to work out "why is it so" and avoid the same life-threatening sensation in the future. The ability to ask and try to answer the "why is it so" question is part of what makes us uniquely human and different from other organisms. Hence, we should be able to write about it. The form of writing is ultimately personal to the author. Black humour is just one of many legitimate literary responses. However, it is possible to write of this world with total seriousness. The End of the Systems Novel? Some critics argue that 9/11 spelt the end of the Systems Novel. I believe that they are more important than ever. They are just very hard to write. In a world where someone can know a little about a lot, a Systems Novel requires knowledge of a lot about a lot. The Incandescent Mind of David Foster Wallace DFW wanders through the darkness of the modern world, holding a candle, recording everything he witnesses in minute, helmet-cam detail. He isn’t just preoccupied by or satisfied with the absurdity and comic potential of the world. He wants to scrutinise it, diagnose it and cure it. Out of the minutiae comes meaning and illumination. It’s up to the reader to sift through the minutiae, to discard the mullock and the fool’s gold, and to find the gold that DFW has placed there for us to find. His works are incandescent, deeply philosophical, deeply socio-political. Dare I say it, his message is deep and meaningful. As is the custom in America and elsewhere, he was brought up and made to feel vaguely ashamed of his depth and the seriousness of his prescription. This is the Catch 22 he wanted to define: that we lived and worked within a socio-economic system that was very efficient and/or effective at making things for us to consume, but was very bad at making us happy (or actually made us unhappy, in the same way our food makes us fat). He felt that, to point this out, to declare that the Emperor (and his Subjects) had no clothes (in the spiritual sense), was to risk being declared a traitor to capitalism and society. Still, somebody had to put up their hand and reveal how it really felt. The great American fiction could not go on forever. So, is DFW the one who can tell us how it really feels? In Which the Author Assembles an Ensemble So whose feelings are we talking about? First, there is the Incandenza Family, originally from Boston: Jim (“Himself�), an educator, founder of the Enfield Tennis Academy and independent film maker (deceased). Avril (“the Moms�), an educator, formerly married to Jim, now engaged in various affairs, very intelligent, tall and beautiful. Orin , oldest son, former talented tennis player, now successful football player, serial womanizer, previously engaged to Joelle Van Dyne. Mario (“Booboo�), middle son, deformed, possibly fathered by Charles Tavis, filmmaker following in Jim’s footsteps. Hal (“the Inctser�), youngest son, talented tennis player, drug addict and slacker, attempting to gain entry to the University of Arizona. Other characters include: Joelle Van Dyne , Orin’s former fiancée, actress in most of Jim’s films (including “Infinite Jest�), radio announcer on MIT Station WYYY (also known as "Madame Psychosis", "the Prettiest Girl of All Time� and “P.G.O.A.T."), former cocaine addict, patient at Ennet House Drug and Alcohol Recovery House, member of U.H.I.D. (Union of the Hideously and Improbably Deformed) and wears a veil to hide possible facial deformities. Don Gately, a formal Demerol addict and burglar, AA Member and resident counselor at Ennet House. Remy Marathe , member of a Québécois separatist group, “Les Assassins des Fauteuils Rollents� (A.F.R.), also known as the “Wheelchair Assassins�. Hugh/Helen Steeply , an agent with the Office of Unspecified Services (“O.U.S.�, a successor to the FBI) who assumes a transsexual identity, including as a female journalist with “Moment� Magazine, with whom Orin Incandenza becomes obsessed. The Set Up Jim made a film “cartridge� called “Infinite Jest� or “The Entertainment� which featured Joelle. It is believed that no copy has survived Jim’s suicide. However, copies start turning up, and anybody who watches it becomes obsessed and incapacitated. The A.F.R. learns about it and wishes to find the Master Copy, so that it can disseminate it to the people of the United States (now part of the Organization of North American Nations (“O.N.A.N.�)). Its goal is to undermine the US economy and society, to such an extent that the USA will punish Canada unless it allows Quebec to secede. The A.F.R. thinks it will be able to obtain a copy from a member of the Incandenza Family or Joelle at Ennet House. The O.U.S. wishes to defend the U.S.A. against the terrorist attack, so begins a race to get access to the Master Copy. Meanwhile, Hal resolves to try out a powerful drug called DMZ a few days before playing in the Tucson, Arizona WhataBurger Tennis Tournament. It has all of the hallmarks of a post-modern comic drama. Does It Matter if the Author Loses the Plot? One of the elements of “Infinite Jest� that frustrates many readers is its plot (or the apparent lack thereof). Most of us are comfortable with a plot that unfolds chronologically. Many of us can handle a plot that jumps around between the present and the past. However, most of us expect a plot of some description, so that at the end of the novel we can piece together what happened over what timeframe. It’s tempting to say that “Infinite Jest� has no plot. However, it’s probably more accurate to say that the plot is secondary. Though, if it’s secondary, it begs the question: to what is it secondary? What is primary? Plot is a product of fiction or story-telling. It does not occur naturally. No life reveals a natural order or plot, at least while it is being lived. Individuals might try to impose an order or a plot or a direction on their own lives, but ultimately there are things that the individual cannot manipulate or control. The absence of plot thickens, when multiple lives are involved. The purpose of these assertions is to argue that we should not expect or demand plot in creativity, except perhaps as a condition of entertainment. Within entertainment, we have become accustomed to witnessing the Hero’s Journey. We don’t just want things to happen or to occur. We want to observe the protagonist’s self-discovery, we want to witness things “occur� to the protagonist, not just in terms of happening, but in terms of them “coming to mind�. We want things to be real and we want the protagonist to realise themselves. This is the demand of entertainment. The Moral of the Story If you return to the origins of literature (e.g., the Bible and similar works), it had a didactic intent. It was designed to communicate wisdom or a moral (or morals). Plot and description were adornments designed to make the wisdom or moral more memorable. In an oral tradition, they helped the wisdom or morals to be communicated down the line and across time. They illuminated the content, they cast a spell over it, they embodied God’s Spell and became Gospel truth. The moral of the story is that people remembered. The moral of the story is what people remembered. To some extent, “IJ� is a secular bible. Therefore, there is a sense in which it doesn’t matter if it doesn’t have a plot. In Which the Characters Bury the Plot At one level, “IJ� is a novel of character. In a post-modern novel, there should now be some flexibility in how an author can construct (and build an affinity for) a character or an ensemble of characters. Readers don’t need detail about a character to be assembled chronologically. Equally, it needn’t be added by way of plot. When we meet someone new in real life, we meet them in one moment of time. They don’t come attached to any particular chronology. We take a snapshot of them, we analyse it and then we build on it over time. Or eyes move all over the place, north to south, east to west, and back again. We determine what we perceive and remember. Bit by bit, we form a picture of the person, and we test and add to it over time. The same occurs in “IJ�. Increasingly, I started to think of the process in terms of a sculpture, in which the author fashions a character out of clay. Think of Giacometti. Initially, the person starts out as a primitive figure. Slowly, the author adds detail and complexity. The sequence in which the sculptor sculpts the limbs, the torso and the head makes no difference to the outcome. The fullness of character accrues over time, as it does in real life. Then, we start to see the individual in the context of others. There is something about the sculptor in how DFW fashioned his characters and built them over the course of the novel. We readers have to work on the assemblage to get the most out of it. However, our effort means that we relate to DFW’s characters. It might have taken a while, it might have tested our patience, but by the end of the novel we care about these people and, most importantly, we want to know more about them. Their lives continued, and we wish that we’d been able to be there with them. In Which the Author Sets Out Novel Ideas At another level, “IJ� is primarily a novel of ideas, ideas about political philosophy and psychology. An explication of these ideas doesn’t need a plot. It simply needs a comprehensible logic. Here, we have the added benefit of characters. “IJ� is not an empty exercise in post-modern formalism. It cares about these characters and the ideas that apply to them. On Constructing and Deconstructing An Infinite Jest Just as DFW builds characters, he uses ideas as the building blocks with which to construct knowledge and wisdom. Again, his technique involves the accumulation of detail. If we’re prepared to go the distance, he takes us on a journey from ridiculous detail to sublime knowledge and wisdom. He constructs 1,000 pages; we have to make an effort to reduce it by interpretation and understanding. He presents his subject matter as found, it’s up to us to distil it (though Jim doesn’t like the word “deconstruct�). He specialises in “found drama�, drama that appears to be there in the real world, but in fact has been carefully selected and arranged to give the impression of reality. He passes it on to us for our delectation. We have to chew, we have to digest, we have to sleep on it. We have to process, refine, emerge with our own meaning. How Long Should An Infinite Jest Be? DFW could have edited it, he could have made the experience shorter, but perhaps when you really get into these people, he would have reduced the pleasure and the fulfillment. OK, so it could have been shorter, but so what? Some things are made to last, some things are meant to last a little bit longer, some pleasures are worth prolonging. ... ...more |
Notes are private!
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Hardcover
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820
| 0971487806167
| B001KZI7RW
| 3.97
| 29,975
| 1989
| Jan 20, 2000
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it was amazing
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CRITIQUE: A Personal Stamp on a Straight Account Memoirs don't just create a factual record of the past. They can also capture the stories of the past a CRITIQUE: A Personal Stamp on a Straight Account Memoirs don't just create a factual record of the past. They can also capture the stories of the past as we imagined them at the time (assuming that we haven't since forgotten them). Tobias Wolff explains it better in the introduction to the 30th edition of this book:
This personal stamp is something different from what occurs in fiction. In fiction, "you understand that the novelist is revealing an aspect of the narrator's character." If the narrator says something false or causes a character to say something false, the falsity reveals something about the narrator or the character, whereas if a memoirist says the same false thing, they are deceiving the reader and telling a lie, which Wolff believes is forbidden:
That said, there is much lying and deception in this memoir of a poor working class family. Tobias (who has changed his first name to Jack) lies to achieve his goals, including escaping punishment at school and gaining entry to a college. [image] Ellin Barkin and Leonardo DiCaprio in the film version of this memoir (Source: Takashi Seida) This Boy's Adoration of His Mother As Wolff wrote this memoir, he was overcome by "admiration for my mother's courage, and gratitude for her loyalty; by anger at the cruelty and abuse we both suffered at the hands of a petty, foolish, dangerous man...; and by thankfulness for the profound friendship we had." He describes his mother as "glamorous", "unconventional", and "footloose to the point of recklessness". In a way, his mother was like a younger sister who made poor choices with respect to the men she had relationships with and/or married. You can imagine Tobias/Jack wondering whether she would have been better off, if only she could have taken her son/big brother's advice, or even had a relationship with him instead. Although his mother's husband (Dwight) was his step-father, Tobias' story rarely deviates from the path of a classic Oedipus Complex. [image] Oedipus and Jocasta The Purpose of This Boy's Memoir One of Wolff's purposes in writing his memoir was to correct his children's perception of their grandmother as "quite proper and just a little prim". They needed to know what an adventuress she had been. Equally importantly, what he hoped to achieve was: * "an informal history for my family"; and * "a bank of memories for me to draw on for my fiction." No doubt he achieved these purposes, but from a reader's perspective he also created a memoir that is as lyrical and precise as the best fiction of his contemporaries. FAKE GRADES (AN HOMAGE): I studied at a university outside the state in which my family lived. I was the first person from my secondary school to go there. Nobody followed me until six years later, so our paths didn't cross either at school or university. However, the university compared our applications and our academic records, in an effort to determine whether there was anything untoward in how we got there. Because we had gone to the same school, somebody in the Admissions Office thought to examine the signature of the Principal on our academic records. Although the Principal was the same person, it was immediately realised that the two signatures were different. Just as quickly, the second student fell under suspicion of fraud. Before contacting the other student, the university sent copies of our academic records to the school, hoping to determine which was genuine. After examining its records, the school replied to the university that the first academic record wasn't genuine. This was, in fact, correct, because I had indeed forged the Principal's signature on my fake academic record, which inflated my grades, in order to gain admission. Unbeknown to me at the time, the university declined to take any action against either me or the other student from my school. In fact, nobody actually believed that the signature on my academic record was false. I had had an exemplary academic record at university post-admission, and the administrative staff couldn't believe that I hadn't earned my place there. Besides, what could they do about it? Retroactively cancel my admission? Nullify my university grades? Pretend I'd never studied there? I only know this now, because a fellow student of mine at university ended up working there, and was one of the staff who examined the signatures. When he told me what had happened over a cup of coffee, I perpetuated the falsehood. I didn't have the courage to tell the truth, even to a former friend. ...more |
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CRITIQUE: Dialogical Critique -- There seem to be a lot of dashes in that novel, said FM Sushi. -- The author used them to mark dialogue. -- Why didn't he CRITIQUE: Dialogical Critique -- There seem to be a lot of dashes in that novel, said FM Sushi. -- The author used them to mark dialogue. -- Why didn't he just use quotation marks? -- Like inverted commas? Marvin asked. -- Yes, punctuation marks that mark direct speech. -- It might be a usage issue. -- What do you mean? -- Maybe, he didn't want to worry about whether he should use single or double quotes. -- What difference would it make? -- I think it's an American versus British usage thing. -- Where is the author from? -- He lives in the UK. I'm not sure where exactly. -- Why are there so many dashes in the first place? -- It's a dialogical novel. -- What's that? -- It's an experimental novel that consists mainly of dialogue between two or more characters at a time. -- What? Do you mean it doesn't contain any description or action? -- Sort of. Description might be conveyed by a character through their speech, rather than the narrator/author. Action might also be referred to in the speech of the characters, rather than described by the narrator/author. -- What's the point of it? -- It's an experiment. The author was just trying to see whether he could create a stylistic rule, and then maintain it through the whole of the novel. -- Did he succeed? -- I suppose so. At least 99% of the text is dialogue. Only occasionally, he says something like, "Julie pulls in opposite the tube station." -- With quotation marks? -- No. No quotation marks, or dashes. It's not something that a character said. I just added the quotes when I transcribed our conversation. -- Which hasn't occurred yet. I don't see when you could have written it down. So what's the point of the experiment then? -- I suppose the author was just trying to see whether fiction, or the novel generally, is dependent on certain stylistic conventions. Will it work if you don't comply with a particular convention? -- I don't know why he bothered. It sounds very academic. -- It makes the author an experimental author, or the writer of experimental fiction. -- Big deal, FM Sushi responded. -- I could make you part of a dialogical critique, if you like! -- Haha. Only you would think that was a big deal. -- You may be right. -- Don't you mean I might be right? SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ Billy Joel - "You May Be Right" [Live from Long Island] (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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it was amazing
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CRITIQUE: An Idea for a Book Review (That Just Came Out of Nowhere) [Apologies to David Quantick] This novel is so well woven together, its themes and na CRITIQUE: An Idea for a Book Review (That Just Came Out of Nowhere) [Apologies to David Quantick] This novel is so well woven together, its themes and narrative so neatly combined, that it is difficult to find a part that doesn't contain a necessary revelation or a major plot twist. "All My Colors" is a tour de force. But it's more than that. Tours de force come and go. This book is special. Find it. Buy it. Read it. First editions of this book are going to be valuable. "All My Colors" is the book of the year, if not the decade. It combines a modern attitude to life and society with an almost arch 1950s feel, almost as if David Quantick's novel has been transported from an earlier time, with a frank contemporary take on the war between men and women running through it like a seam of antiquated yet still valuable ore. Move over, Saul Bellow, and let David Quantick (1) take over. [image] The Mathematics of Borges' Library of Babel FOOTNOTES: (1) I recall David Quantick as a music journalist who wrote for in the early 1980's. He often wrote about one of my favourite bands, the Jesus and Mary Chain. This novel is named after a song by another one of my favourite bands, Echo & the Bunnymen, whom I was lucky to see live twice in the early 80's. SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ [Dedicated to Echo & The Bunnymen’s drummer, Peter de Freitas] Echo & the Bunnymen - "All My Colours" Echo & the Bunnymen - "All My Colours" [Live on Dutch TV, 1981] Echo & The Bunnymen - "All My Colours (Turn to Cloud)" [Peel Session 1980] The Jesus And Mary Chain - "Just Like Honey" The Jesus and Mary Chain - "Just Like Honey" (Feat. Phoebe Bridgers) [Live at Glastonbury, 2022] David Quantick's Soundtrack on Spotify (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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really liked it
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CRITIQUE: A Woman From Whom Nothing is Either Wanted or Expected Shirley Kaszenbowski lives in a nice home in a nice part of Toronto. She plays the role CRITIQUE: A Woman From Whom Nothing is Either Wanted or Expected Shirley Kaszenbowski lives in a nice home in a nice part of Toronto. She plays the role of wife and mother, but it is not enough. Love, sex and parenthood have become routine. She leaves home to follow the call(s) of Coenraad, an occasional lover who invites her to meet him via coded entries in copies of National Geographic. Coenraad is an agent who works for an organisation called "the Agency" (it might be the Canadian Security Intelligence Service [CSIS], given the Canadian context). It's likely these coded arrangements are designed to protect his identity and movements from other security organisations. As if to compensate for her routine marriage, Shirley meets Coenraad in places all over the world on short notice. She arrives by plane or train (how she can afford the cost of her travels isn't explained), after which she walks around trying to find the precise location of their meeting, and then has to wait for him to arrive. Coenraad's motive for the relationship isn't apparent. He doesn't seem to be moved by love or lust. It's not clear what he wants or expects from Shirley. These assignations don't sound or read like anything especially romantic, sensual or erotic. The novel's only dramatic tension derives from whether the two lovers will actually find each other at a designated location. Nevertheless, this relationship gifts Shirley a liberation of sorts, or, at least, the beginning or foundation of a liberation. It's an escape from marriage and a respite from routine. [image] A Rapport With Your Own Substitute One day, Shirley returns home to her husband and children, only to find that Zbigniew has likewise taken a lover (Francesca). This relationship is just as unsatisfying as Shirley's marriage. Francesca is no more than a substitute who has literally assumed the same roles and functions as Shirley. On the first night back together, all three sleep in the same bed. After Zbigniew has dispassionate sex with Francesca (while Shirley quietly masturbates herself to satisfaction), Francesca comforts Shirley:
Shirley takes her clothes, and leaves to continue on her quest for a lover or some other form of personal satisfaction. She concludes:
She walks and searches across town, though inside her "a resolve against waiting" has grown. The novel reminded me of several literary works: "The Odyssey", "Ulysses", Anna Kavan's "Ice", Rikki Ducornet's "The Fan-Maker's Inquisition", and Alain Robbe-Grillet's "Jealousy", not to mention any work of the Marquis De Sade, as construed from a woman's point of view. To paraphrase and question the writer of the novel's afterword, this is more a feminist odyssey than an espionage novel. SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ The Flaming Lips - "Ego Tripping at the Gates of Hell" (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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| Jun 27, 2024
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really liked it
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CRITIQUE: For the Obsession of Groovers I've been obsessed by Robyn Hitchcock since some time in the 1980's. He has a fantastic taste in music, he writes CRITIQUE: For the Obsession of Groovers I've been obsessed by Robyn Hitchcock since some time in the 1980's. He has a fantastic taste in music, he writes and plays brilliant songs, and his banter during live performances is hilarious. When he announced that he was writing a memoir about his life in 1967, it was a certainty that I would want to buy, read and review it. What was less certain was whether I would like the memoir. For an obsessive fan, I have to say that the book is at best middling, so I've rated it 3 1/2 stars, which I've rounded up to four stars. My rating isn't so much a product of the book itself, more a product of my disappointed expectations. A Year in the Life I was really excited when I became aware that the book was constructed around songs that came out in 1967. I was even more excited when I started to encounter playlists of these songs on YouTube. Then I bought a copy of his album of covers called "1967: Vacations in the Past" (see the soundtrack below). For some reason, I thought that the memoir was going to explain the influence these songs had had on Hitchcock's life and his music. Instead, the songs act more like signposts on a year in his life at a private school called Winchester College, when he was 13 or 14 years old. They mark his journey through the year, rather than giving readers any special insight into the journey, let alone the songs themselves. I had a similar experience when I first read David Mitchell's fourth novel, "Black Swan Green". Both books suffered from their adolescent immaturity, even if Hitchcock's memoir betrays a highly developed sense of humour. Under the Floorboards In the same way, the book doesn't live up to its subtitle: it doesn't really show us how Hitchcock got to 1967, nor does it spend much time elaborating on why he never left. Hitchcock got to 1967 because he was born on March 3, 1953, and lived to experience 1967 while he was at school (i.e., he didn't live the year retrospectively). He listened to the music of 1967 on the radio and on gramophones that were at school and home at the time. A five page epilogue comes closest to explaining why he never left 1967. His passion for Bob Dylan never diminished, despite his disappointment with "John Wesley Harding" (Dylan's first album after "Highway 61 Revisited" and "Blonde on Blonde"):
Likewise, I didn't buy an album after "BOB", until 1975, when Dylan released "Blood on the Tracks". [image] The front cover of "Blonde on Blonde" Vacations in the Past Although "JWH" was released in 1967, Hitchcock says it "signalled the Great Retreat:"
Hitchcock and his school mates had gazed into an alternative world of psychedelia and surrealism, they had liked what they had seen, they bonded over it, and they wanted to remain there, if not necessarily at Winchester College. At the same time, they were "now part of a vast market that the record companies, the musicians, and the lifestyle sellers could exploit - and we loved it." Paradoxically, Hitchcock doesn't overtly criticise the commercialism of post-1967 music, except to describe it as "increasingly mediocre music". For him, more recent music just couldn't compete with the music of 1967:
He wonders if later generations of fans "feel as intense about the music made now as we did about its hippie ancestors." I guess that's for you to say.
SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ The Beatles - "A Day In The Life" Robyn Hitchcock - “A Day In The Life� (Beatles Cover) Bob Dylan - "Visions Of Johanna" (Live 1966) Robyn Hitchcock - "Visions of Johanna" Robyn Hitchcock - "1967: Vacations in the Past" This is Robyn's album of 1967 covers. 1967: How I Got There and Why I Never Left This is a playlist of some of Robyn's favourite songs from the year 1967. Robyn Hitchcock Never Left 1967 Robyn Hitchcock On His Memoir, Brian Eno, Bob Dylan, The Beatles, & Why He Never Left 1967 (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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823
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| 2023
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really liked it
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CRITIQUE: The Character of Narratives "Baumgartner" was the last of Paul Auster's novels to be published before his death on April 30, 2024. It was also CRITIQUE: The Character of Narratives "Baumgartner" was the last of Paul Auster's novels to be published before his death on April 30, 2024. It was also the last of his novels that I got to read, although regrettably I didn't get to do so before his passing. One of the reasons I've enjoyed Auster's fiction so much is that he was always playing with the narrative or the structure of the novel. It's this quality of playfulness that earned him his place in the category of post-modernism, even if he had just as much in common with late modernism. Unfortunately, this quality of play is largely missing from "Baumgartner". It's much more concerned with the nature of the relationships between the characters. (1) In this way, it's much more like "Sunset Park", with which its shares several characters, such as Miles (son) and Morris (father) Heller. Morris is Baumgartner's publisher. Baumgartner is still grieving over the death of his wife, Anna, in a swimming accident. He hasn't just lost a wife and lover, he has lost someone who shares his defining qualities, and his taste in literature, writing and film. He's lost a mirror that defines, reinforces and perpetuates his essence. He's trying to inhabit her (and their) shared past. In the process of trying to understand this commonality, he encounters Beatrix (Bebe) Coen, a literature student who wishes to write a thesis about Anna's written works. Structurally, it's interesting that the narrator (Baumgartner) implies that the relationship between Baumgartner and Bebe will develop in the final chapter of the novel, but this chapter doesn't eventuate. Perhaps, this absence constitutes an element of play that is otherwise missing. FOOTNOTES: (1) This focus resembles that of John Banville's later novels. SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ Robyn Hitchcock - "She Doesn't Exist" Robyn Hitchcock - "Not Dark Yet" (Bob Dylan) (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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| 1988
| Jan 01, 1989
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CRITIQUE: From the Crack to The Face (From Fun to Funky) The title of this novel suggests that narrator/protagonist, Tony Ross, and his Paddy peers are CRITIQUE: From the Crack to The Face (From Fun to Funky) The title of this novel suggests that narrator/protagonist, Tony Ross, and his Paddy peers are in search of a good time (i.e., they're on a hunt"). However, like the author, Robert Elms, they transition from spending bank-holiday weekends in seaside resort towns (like Bournemouth), obsessing about fashion and chasing fashionable girls, looking good and being a "Face" (in the Mod sense), to dance music, nightclubbing, drugs, acquiring real estate for their own club, and cracking the American market in the hospitality and entertainment industry. These formerly working class lads become upwardly mobile middle class owners of five storey homes in North London, complete with accountants, lawyers, stockbrokers and drug dealers. Squatting in a Bucket A friend of Peter York (the author of "Style Wars" and co-author of a book on Elms himself started writing articles on style for in the early 1980's (the novel features descriptions of the characters' haircuts, threads and brand names), and has ended up as an announcer on BBC Radio London. On the UK gossip circuit, he's best known for having had a relationship with which started with them squatting together. When a limousine arrived to pick Sade up for her first performance on Top of the Pops, she had to be called inside from the only toilet - a bucket on the balcony. "You Don't Know What Love Is" For a while, I searched for any resemblance to Sade in the female characters. The first suspect was Tony's girlfriend, Rose, a graphic designer - they listen to John Coltrane, and look good together. However, Elms actually name-drops Sade separately. She turns up at a concert to perform a duet of a Chet Baker song ("You Don't Know What Love Is") with Little Anthony (from a band called the Barbarian Sex Bastards). The song actually sounds like the title of a legitimate Sade song. Soon after, Rose declares that Tony doesn't know what love means, before leaving him. A second possibility was a character known only as "the singer". However, she seemed to be merely a dreamlike, fantasy, fairy tale figure (a prototype of a Manic Pixie Dream Girl). [image] Sade on the cover of the April, 1984 issue of The Face The Empire of Pleasure The novel captures a pre-heroin, post new-romantic London scene that was more concerned with style than music. Tony and his business partners establish a company called Pleasure Inc. to realise their vision of a multinational nightclub empire, starting with the Pleasuredome. Unexpectedly (for this reader, at least), the vision metamorphoses into a grandiose "ideology for the times", which becomes more overtly political when Tony acknowledges that he "can still feel anarchism in the air". The target of this ideology is work:
Society is supposed to bear the burden of supporting non-workers, so that they have enough money to survive and go out clubbing. From Fun to Flunky Tony calls his ideology, "social hedonism". This is how Tony describes it:
This sounds like some weird left-wing libertarian pleasure principle. Ashes to Ashes In Tony's case, the hedonism lasts until true love disintegrates, and he becomes melancholy and mean-spirited. Ultimately, Tony finds himself sentimental and dispirited by the changes that have occurred in the London that he used to love, a theme that would persist in Robert Elms' non-fiction. SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ 80'S RENDITION: ABC - "All of My Heart" Elvis Costello - "Clubland" "The right to work is traded in for the right to refuse admission" Culture Club - "Church of the Poison Mind" Frankie Goes to Hollywood - "Relax" Kid Creole and the Coconuts - "Annie I'm Not Your Daddy" The Passions - "I'm in Love With a German Film Star" Prince - "Little Red Corvette" Sade - "Why Can't We Live Together" Soft Cell - "Say Hello, Wave Goodbye" Soul II Soul - "Keep On Movin'" Spandau Ballet - "To Cut A Long Story Short" (Top of the Pops 13/11/80) CHET BAKER: Chet Baker - "You Don't Know What Love Is" Chet Baker (Feat. Elvis Costello) - "You Don't Know What Love Is" (Live) (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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785
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CRITIQUE: Beautiful, Yet Transgressive As I was reading this work, I couldn't help but feel that it was at once both beautiful and transgressive. Beautif CRITIQUE: Beautiful, Yet Transgressive As I was reading this work, I couldn't help but feel that it was at once both beautiful and transgressive. Beautiful, because of the lucid use of (the English) language. Transgressive, because it sought to translate, explain and reveal secret stories of indigenous tribes or mobs, without their permission. Knowledge is Sacred The stories of the Songlines are part of the culture and spirituality of these mobs. They've been kept secret over long periods of time (tens of thousands of years), they may only be passed on to other members of the mob when they undergo formal initiation ceremonies, and the punishment for disclosing them to other mobs or strangers is often the death penalty. Bruce Chatwin (since deceased) purported to respect this tradition and context, yet he nevertheless went on to reveal the meaning of Songlines, if primarily from an anthropological and literary point of view. Paradoxically, I would not have gained any knowledge or understanding of Songlines (to the extent that I might have), if I had not read his book and googled my way around the internet. So I'm placed in the same dilemma: do I have the personal right to communicate what I have learned, or should I respect the privacy and secrecy of indigenous peoples and their traditions? Stand Up and Be Counted A similar dilemma arises with respect to the representation of indigenous peoples, which is the basis of the Voice Referendum (to be held on Saturday, October 14, 2023). Is it enough that indigenous peoples be represented by other people's politicians, public servants or lobbyists? If they obtain a Voice, should there be any conditions on its exercise? Should whites have to listen to their message? Should we have to agree with it? (Do you only have freedom of speech, if we agree with what you say?) Freedom of speech is not merely the right or obligation to agree with everybody else. It's the right to have your own say. Songline Objectives Chatwin sets out to achieve three objectives in his work: 1) he documents several stories or songlines; 2) he loosely defines what a Songline is; and 3) he argues that Songlines are a universal concept that transcends different peoples, cultures and times. I'll confine this review to the last two objectives, which I'll try to discuss at a more abstract or conceptual level. I won't comment on any specific Songlines. The Nature of Songlines Indigenous peoples regard Songlines as the "Footprints of the Ancestors" or the "Way of the Law":
Their Ancestors were totemic beings or mythological characters, not gods. Chatwin believed that indigenous peoples had an "earthbound philosophy":
As an Ancestor walked down a Songline, he gave features in the landscape (like rocks and creeks) a name in song:
Life, the Universe and Everything In a way, the Songline acted as an inventory of resources of value to the Ancestors. An Ancestor was "forever naming the contents of his territory." For Aboriginals, the country didn't exist until they could see and sing it. Only then can it be said to exist:
Aboriginals didn't conceive of the country as a block of land locked in by frontiers or boundaries. Rather, they saw it as an "interlocking network of 'lines' or 'ways through':
A man's "own country" was "the place where I do not have to ask permission to go through", whereas a man had to ask permission to go through a neighbour's country, i.e., he had to ask for a right of way. A stop marked where a man had got to the end of his own country, and a neighbour's country had started. [image] Gunbarrel Highway Human Restlessness and Wandering Chatwin describes his ultimate objective, "the question of questions" as "the nature of human restlessness". Why was Man, originally, a "wanderer in the scorching and barren wilderness of this world"? This objective isn't integrated into the body of the narrative about his vehicular trip through the Outback (via the Gunbarrel Highway). Instead, it's addressed in extracts from Notebooks that he's collected over time, as he read and researched books in libraries around the world (pre-internet). The question applied to all of humanity for all of time, at least until we started to live in cities. Chatwin believed that the walking or wandering started with migrations out of Africa as the climate changed. He describes a migration path or track as an "area of territory spun out into a continuous line, as one would spin a fleece into yarn". By analogy, Aboriginal creation myths suggest that a mob or totemic species is born at "one particular point on the map, and then spreads out in lines across the country." Ancestors mapped their way out of their place of origin, as well as their way back when they wished to return to link up with their mob and take them to their new home. A Songline wasn't just a map, but a mnemonic, an aide memoir. It told a story that could be memorised. It was just as much a story line. Like a song on a vinyl record album, it's also called a track. In Love With This World One of the anthroplogists Chatwin meets defines a true naturalist as "a man who is in love with the world". By this standard, Chatwin was a true naturalist, and his book a work of true naturalism. The same can be said for our indigenous peoples. I hope they gain a Voice and that we listen to it. We have much to learn from them. SOUND TRACKS: (view spoiler)[ Dr Lynne Kelly - "Songlines of Aboriginal Australia" Dr Lynne Kelly, author of The Memory Code (2016), talks about Aboriginal songlines and how oral (non-literate) cultures around the world embedded vast amounts of knowledge and information into the landscape to act as a memory aid. Josie Alec - "What is a Songline?" Aunty Munya - "What are Songlines?" Rhoda Roberts - "Songlines Explained: A 360 Experience" Margo Neale - "Seven Sisters Songlines Tour" Neil Young - "Walk On" The Church - "Under The Milky Way" Jimmy Little - "Under the Milky Way" Midnight Oil & Warumpi Band - "Blackfella/Whitefella / The Dead Heart" Midnight Oil - "The Dead Heart" "We carry in our hearts the true country And that cannot be stolen We follow in the steps of our ancestry And that cannot be broken"... Midnight Oil - "Gunbarrel Highway" [Live] Midnight Oil - "Gunbarrel Highway" [Studio] (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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772
| 0312389426
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| 0312389426
| 3.74
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| Oct 27, 2009
| Jun 22, 2010
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it was amazing
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CRITIQUE: First Person Invisibility This is the first Auster novel I've read since I finished "Man in the Dark", which left me vaguely disappointed. CRITIQUE: First Person Invisibility This is the first Auster novel I've read since I finished "Man in the Dark", which left me vaguely disappointed. In contrast, this novel excited me from the first page to the last. "Man in the Dark" was a stylistic experiment in the juxtaposition of two stories. From a structural point of view, "Invisible" is more concerned with the perspective, style and stages of story-telling: * Part I is an apparently non-fictional memoir about various events in 1967 surrounding Rudolf Born related by the principal protagonist (Adam Walker) in the first person singular. * Part II purports to be a rewrite by Walker of text that he had originally written in the first person, but felt didn't work. His college friend, James (Jim) Freeman, now, in 2007, a successful writer, suggests that he change the perspective of the narrator, and it solves his writer's block, even though Walker uses the second person, rather than the third person perspective. Walker's text is framed by text purportedly written by Jim from his own point of view. * Part III is again framed by text written by Jim, but contains incomplete notes written by Walker before his death. Jim tells us that, in the final version, he fleshed out Walker's notes. * Part IV is also framed by Jim's perspective, but contains diary entries by a relatively minor, but Lolita-like, character, Cecile, which describe her interaction in 2007 with Rudolf Born after her mother, Helene's, death (when he reveals the real reason he had wanted to marry Helene and become Cecile's step-father). Walker's identity has been segmented, and then reconstituted from different perspectives. Thus, it seems that identity is not just the product of the one protagonist or narrator, but an amalgam of the points of view of different characters/ narrators. In Part II, Jim explains his own experience of a writer's block, which he overcame by a change of narrative perspective:
Identity is a composite, which benefits from a little separation and distance. Too much first person proximity leads to the invisibility of the title. A Monstrous, Nabokovian Transgression Not only does this approach to narrative reflect Nabokov's interest in identity and narrative structure, but much of the subject matter recalls Nabokov's "Lolita" and "Ada". Part II describes a sexual relationship, of a type that is widely regarded as transgressive ("rather brutal stuff, I'm afraid. Ugly things I haven't had the heart or the will to look at in years..."). It commences as a "grand experiment", an "adolescent frolic" on a one off basis in 1961, when the participants are fifteen (the female, Gwyn) and fourteen (the male, Adam). Despite the mutual compact between them, the participants indulge in the same activity (an "incestuous rampage", an "unholy matrimony") over a period of 34 days in 1967 before Walker flies out to Paris. They're "trapped in the throes of constant, overpowering lust - sex beasts, lovers, best friends: the last two people left in the universe." Gwyn is on the pill, so it's assumed that she can't fall pregnant. They're both aware that society defines their relationship as a "monumental transgression, a dark and iniquitous thing according to the laws of man and God." Yet, they justify the relationship as "real love":
"Pure Make-Believe" When, 40 years later, Gwyn is shown a copy of Part II of the book, she responds that the relationship was a fantasy of Adam's, "a [salacious] dream of what he wished had happened but never did". Even if they might both have wished for it to occur, Gwtn says it never eventuated:
Fantasy and/or Reality This raises a question about the relationship between fact and fiction in literary fiction. If 75% of a novel is written in a realistic, non-fictional style (which we assume to be "true") and 25% is written in the style of fiction or fantasy, is it tempting to assume that the other 25% is also true? Is this the premise upon which both Nabokov and Auster play their narratological games with us readers? SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ Big Star - "Thirteen" [Alternate Mix] David McComb - "Lover Sister #1" Oasis - "My Sister Lover" Steely Dan - "Do It Again" Jenny Lewis - "Psychos" (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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CRITIQUE: In and Out of Prison If there's any underlying theme to this novel, it's the theme of (relationships as) imprisonment. Albertine Sarrazin wrote CRITIQUE: In and Out of Prison If there's any underlying theme to this novel, it's the theme of (relationships as) imprisonment. Albertine Sarrazin wrote "Astragal" when she herself was in prison. At the beginning of the novel, Anne (the protagonist) was in prison on a five year sentence (the charge wasn't revealed). Before her imprisonment, Anne worked as a prostitute in Paris. In prison, she had a number of relationships with other women. One of the women, Cine, was subsequently released and, while Anne was still in prison, wrote to her about a nightmare in which "you had fallen, very badly, from very high up, your ears were bleeding and there was nothing I could do for you, nothing except cry..." This might imply that Anne's eventual escape would be tantamount to a fall. Last Year's Lover Anne described Cine as "last year's lover" (who had since been replaced by another prisoner called Rolande). Anne was -
Anne saw Cine's relationship as a burden -
Over the Wall Anne eventually escaped prison by climbing over the wall and jumping clumsily onto the ground outside. She effectively became a fugitive, by breaking her ankle. She dragged herself to the road that went past the prison, where she was discovered by a man named Julien (also the name of Albertine's husband). [image] Albertine and Julien Sarrazin, 1965 (Source:) Changing Prisons Both Anne and Julien knew that the prison authorities would try to find and apprehend her. Their task was to find a safe place where Anne's ankle could be healed without them being apprehended. Outside prison, Anne and anyone who protected her were at risk of being discovered by the police. Anne realised:
As she moved from safe home to safe home, she became aware that those around her were hiding a fugitive from the law:
Besides, she recognised that the different moves and relationships were only "changing prisons." Anne knew "there was a stew of shattered bones and flesh inside there, and that a great deal of art and patience would be needed to put it back in order." Julien told her -
Back to Man Notwithstanding the state of her ankle and her extreme pain, Anne embarked on a heterosexual relationship with Julien:
Anne declared that, with Julien, "I discover the pain of love." She acknowledged "the complete and mysterious affinity between us from the very start...":
Série Noire Back in Paris, Anne resumed her hustling, in between visits from Julien. Her public exposure on the street, in hotel rooms and in johns' apartments meant that there were many who were looking for her, not just her johns. Albertine Sarrazine wrote lucidly about delinquent and transgressive life in Paris from her own personal experience. The novel was also expertly translated by Patsy Southgate. This novel should appeal to fans of Anais Nin, Anna Kavan and SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ Echo and the Bunnymen - "Over the Wall" RVG - "Squid" RVG - "Nothing Really Changes" (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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| unknown
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it was amazing
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CRITIQUE: The Scope of the Title The title of this thoroughly researched work doesn't quite do justice to its scope. It actually analyses in detail (1) t CRITIQUE: The Scope of the Title The title of this thoroughly researched work doesn't quite do justice to its scope. It actually analyses in detail (1) the perspectives of American liberals on, and the relationship of American liberals with: * World War One; * the Russian Revolution (the February Revolution); * the Russian/ Bolshevik Revolution (the October Revolution); * the Russian Civil War; * the recognition of the Soviet Union; and * the League of Nations. The Definition of "Liberals" This study was published in 1962 and concerns the period between 1914 and 1933. The term "liberal" doesn't necessarily mean what it means (in America) now ("progressive"), or what it might have meant in 1962. It doesn't necessarily mean that a liberal is a socialist or social democrat, let alone a Marxist or communist. In the first decade of the 20th century, liberals believed that "it would be possible in the not too distant future to substitute the rule of reason for the rule of force in the relations among men, in international as well as domestic affairs." Before the outbreak of World War One, liberals opposed war as a vehicle for solving problems at an international level. However, the War exposed a cleavage within liberalism between: * the [pro-] war liberals (who could justify the conduct of a war, if it was effectively a "war to end all wars"); and * "anti-imperialists" (who opposed wars to the extent that they were vehicles to further the interests of a participant nation's imperialism). Both groups required a precise definition of their "war aims". Wars and Revolutions These characteristics were not just important in the case of a war between nations, but in the case of a revolution within a nation:
Anti-Bolshevism wasn't an automatic response of the liberals. The war liberals were primarily concerned that the revolution would distract attention from the struggle against Germany. (There was a widespread conspiracy theory or suspicion that the Bolsheviks were somehow in cahoots with the Germans.) The Self-Determination of Nations Christopher (Kit) Lasch argues that "no principle was dearer to anti-imperialists than the inalienable right to 'self-determination'." This principle implied that:
One American liberal argued, "The Russian people have the same right to establish a socialistic state as we had to establish a republic." In other words, there was an analogy between the Russian Revolution and the American War of Independence. It was argued that "a people's right to revolution is one of the most sacred that there is, and no outsiders have a right to interfere with it." Another liberal asserted, "If they want a Bolshevik form of government, a monarchy or anything else, they should have it." At this early stage, it wasn't generally known or suspected that Bolshevism was a threat to the governments of other nations, i.e., that the Soviet Union might have intended to export revolution to other nations (e.g., by way of the type of permanent or advocated by Trotsky). The anti-imperialists countered that "the United States [in particular] would have nothing to fear from international communism if it eliminated the poverty and misery on which communism thrived." [image] Allied Intervention in the Civil War Notwithstanding the principle of self-determination, the Allies in World War One sent armed forces into Siberia, ostensibly to prevent Germany from accessing Russia's military resources and using them against the Allies back on the western front. In contrast, the liberals believed that:
Instead, the Russian anti-Bolsheviks ("the White Russians") pleaded for Allied intervention in what would soon become the Russian Civil War. At the same time as agreeing to intervene on the side of the White Russians, the Allies rejected the Bolsheviks' request for economic aid "designed to eliminate the poverty and misery in which Bolshevism presumably took root." The Bolsheviks were effectively fighting for their lives. As one journalist wrote:
Lasch concludes that the suppression of self-determination abroad would lead to its suppression at home:
Moreover, the Allied intervention against the Bolsheviks resulted in them assuming "an attitude more or less permanently antagonistic to the West." Tricked Into Oppression Lasch doesn't expressly say as much (he was, after all, writing in the middle of the Cold War), but it can be inferred that the immoderate and oppressive nature of the Soviet regime was a product of the Allied support of the anti-Bolsheviks and the refusal to supply economic aid at the end of the War (against the wishes of the American liberals). In other words, the regime's systemic oppression might have been an act of (disproportionate) self-defence against real and tangible enemies, working both inside and outside the Soviet Union. FOOTNOTES: (1) Via contemporary articles, correspondence, journals, memoirs, and official reports. SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ Wire - "I Should Have Known Better" (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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CRITIQUE: Lectures into Essays This volume contains ten lucid essays on political economy and culture by Raymond Williams, and an excellent introduction CRITIQUE: Lectures into Essays This volume contains ten lucid essays on political economy and culture by Raymond Williams, and an excellent introduction by Phil O'Brien. The essays were originally delivered as lectures, hence their lucidity. Some of them were written and delivered shortly before they were published as chapters in a larger work. Some were edited substantially before incorporation in the later work. Thus, the essays in this volume reveal some of the changes in mind during the course of writing, as well as nuances in the exposition that resulted from extended reflection and audience response. Cultural Studies instead of Political Economy I must confess that I read these essays with a number of motives in mind. I wanted to assess: (1) the extent to which Williams could claim, or be said, to be a Marxist; (2) whether Williams prioritised society and culture (e.g., literature and art) over economics (or political economy) as a subject for academic study or political activism; (3) whether Williams' theory had contributed to the fact that, in my belief, the New Left had moved the focus of the Left away from economic, labour or class issues, and towards cultural issues. The most useful essay for the purposes of answering these questions is "Marxist Cultural Theory", an earlier version of which was written and published as "Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory". 1. Marxist or Socialist? The best source of information about the first question can be found in the autobiographical content of the Introduction to the book "Marxism and Literature" (1977), which extrapolates on the essay, "Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory". I would say that, having been born into a working class family and therefore the labour movement, Williams started life as a socialist with a hostility towards "avoidable poverty", but was exposed to Marxism through fellow students (rather than lecturers), when he went to university to read English at Cambridge in 1939. He claims that his position as a "socialist student of literature" between 1939 and 1941 constituted a discourse in which "a confident but highly selective Marxism co-existed, awkwardly, with my ordinary academic work, until the incompatibility ...became a problem... for myself and for anything that I could call my own thinking." Up until this point, he described his development as "my own long and often internal and solitary debate with what I had known as Marxism." In the early seventies, he was exposed to more recent European Marxist writings, e.g., by György Lukacs, Jean-Paul Sartre, Lucien Goldmann, Antonio Gramsci, Walter Benjamin, Louis Althusser, and Pierre Bourdieu. Of these philosophers, he felt the greatest affinity with Lucien Goldmann. From this point on, his development "now took its place in a serious and extending international inquiry" into Marxism. Although Williams would always describe himself as a Socialist rather than a Marxist, his thinking and writing during this period was clearly Marxist-influenced, if not necessarily conventionally Marxist (but which truly individual thinker can be said to be completely Marxist? Not even Karl Marx himself). [image] A Young Raymond Williams 2. Base or Superstructure? In the essay, "Marxist Cultural Theory", Williams proceeds on the basis that "any modern approach to a Marxist theory of culture must begin by considering the proposition of a determining base and a determined superstructure." Personally, he would have preferred to start with the proposition that "social being determines consciousness." This proposition can be broken down into a number of sequential steps: * base determines superstructure; * superstructure determines society and culture ("social being"); and * society and culture (social being) determine consciousness. Williams then proceeds to examine the meaning of the terms base, superstructure and determination more closely. He explains his approach in the following terms:
This makes sense, if and when it is acknowledged that the base is the ultimate determinant. However, it's interesting that the purpose of his inquiry is to better understand "cultural process". Thus, it's arguable that his interest in the base is secondary or subordinate to his interest in the superstructure. Williams explains the base as "the real relations of production corresponding to a stage of the development of material productive forces" or "primary economic activities". In other words, the base is "a mode of production at a particular stage of its development." At a more abstract level, "the base is the real social existence of man." In contrast, Williams doesn't specifically define the term "superstructure". Instead, he refers to it variously as a "cultural superstructure", "real cultural activities", and "certain kinds of activity in the cultural sphere". He sees an analogy with "the social apparatus...in the area of social and political and ideological activity and construction." The term "determinism" has traditionally caused the greatest difficulty in interpretation. Williams argues that "[The] language of determination, of determinism, is in fact inherited from idealist and theological accounts of the world and of man...[It suggests] the notion of that external cause which totally predicts or prefigures, totally controls, a subsequent activity...[It implies a process in which a subsequent content is essentially prefigured, predicted, and controlled by a pre-existing external quality." Instead, Williams confines the term to the notion of "setting limits, exerting pressures in very firm ways." "Corporate Culture" Williams also adopts the concept of a "social totality" or "totality of social practices" developed by Lukacs, although he considers that the concept must be "compatible with the notion of consciousness determined by social being". At this point, he goes beyond the concepts of base and superstructure, in order to rely on Gramsci's concept of hegemony. Williams continues:
"Alternative, Oppositional, Residual and Emergent Culture" In contrast to corporate culture, there might be practices which are "alternative" or "oppositional". Oppositional involves "articulated opposition" or resistance. Williams also refers to aspects of culture which are "residual" (i.e., "they're practised on the basis of some previous social formation"). Similarly, he refers to "emergent" culture (i.e., "new meanings and values, new practices, new significances and experiences, are continually being created"). All of these terms reveal that Williams sees culture and the superstructure as dynamic, not static. He doesn't believe in a primitive or simplistic economic determinism, which rigidly dictates the nature and content of society and culture. That said, Williams expressly acknowledged the primacy of the base as an influence or limit, even if it appears that his personal academic interest was in the structure and practices of the superstructure (e.g., society, culture, art, film, and literature). 3. Old Left or New Left? It seems that Williams never abandoned his fundamental belief in Socialism and a Socialist agenda, even though he resigned (or lapsed) his membership of both the Communist Party of Great Britain (1941) and the UK Labour Party (1966) at different times and for different reasons. It's arguable that his interest in culture and society was founded in his interest in politics and political economy. In a later essay on Bourdieu, Williams suggests that cultural studies are "a marginal sub-discipline" of historical materialism, the Marxist critique of political economy. However, early in his career, E. P. Thompson accused him, like the New Left, of a "culturalist tendency", which implicitly diminished the significance of traditional Old Left politics and economics. My personal view is that, even if this criticism isn't strictly correct with respect to Williams, in many ways it applies to the New Left, at least the New Left as it portrayed itself after what is often called "the First New Left" formed in 1956. It certainly applies to the American New Left, which subsequently morphed into the assemblage of interest groups that orchestrate the reception of Post-Modernist literature (especially of the maximalist variety) (to the extent that they aren't simply Christian Hegelian Anarchists, and not of the Left at all). SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ John Lennon - "Working Class Hero" Marianne Faithfull - "Working Class Hero" Tin Machine - "Working Class Hero" (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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CRITIQUE: The Narrative Self This is the second of Jen Craig's novels that I've read, although I believe that it's the first that she wrote. Like "Pan CRITIQUE: The Narrative Self This is the second of Jen Craig's novels that I've read, although I believe that it's the first that she wrote. Like "Panthers", it explores the nature of narrative. It's most likely to interest readers who are interested in the structure of fiction and the perception of reality. Here, the novel is concerned with how the mind uses narrative to constitute and define the self and identity. We use our experiences to compose and construct our personality. These experiences relate to moments (some of them titillating, some of them terrible, and some of them traumatic) or what the narrator (Jen?) calls an "accident of events". Ironically, it's not so much Jen's narrative that we witness, but that of her older sister, Trude, who relates her story to Jen, after Jen returns from a trip to France, away from their mother and family. Thus, Jen's narrative is her experience of listening to Trude's narrative of how she suffered a near fatal accident (possibly a car accident in which she broke her hip and a leg?), serendipitously met a man who would become her partner (Murray), attended an art workshop in the country, realised her ambition to become an artist, and held her first exhibition. Meanwhile, in the course of recording Trude's narrative in her journal, Jen, in her turn, at a metafictional level, realises her own ambition of writing a novel. Jen even describes herself as "an arbitrarily assembled kind of person", she being comprised partly of other people's experiences (and accidents). The Imperative of Art Having freed herself (her self?) from the influence of their mother, Trude recognises that she is subject to "the imperative of her art":
Trude felt that there "was something gripping her about art". It had swept her up on a "wave of opportunity." The Decisive Break In retrospect, Trude realises that she needed the accident to achieve her artistic potential:
Her creativity now shaped her personality and her relationships with others (including her family). It even shaped her recollection and memory of her childhood and her origins:
Jen Craig writes lucidly about the clutter and disorder of ordinary life that define the self and identity. SOUNDTRACK: (view spoiler)[ Elvis Costello & The Attractions - "Accidents Will Happen" (hide spoiler)] ...more |
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| 1,470
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CRITIQUE: 2023 Reviews My 2023 reviews are here. 2023 Goals My 2023 goal was to read 45 books, which I was grateful to achieve, if I count my review of "2 CRITIQUE: 2023 Reviews My 2023 reviews are here. 2023 Goals My 2023 goal was to read 45 books, which I was grateful to achieve, if I count my review of "2023 on Å·±¦ÓéÀÖ". I also had a number of sub-goals, which mainly involved completing the works of a number of individual authors: (1) Kathy Acker I read two Kathy Acker novels: "Blood and Guts in High School" "Great Expectations" This more or less finishes my plans for Acker's work, though I have some secondary materials that I'd like to read in the next couple of years. Overview: "Kathy Acker embraces the content of her metafictional novel, without embarrassment, shame or guilt, let alone any self-conscious Vollmanian affectation or delight in the transgression of others." "She does so in the name of fiction, of literature, and of poetic licence. The novel is an expression of her own freedom. She's able to live out her fantasies in writing. Janey is the vehicle for this act of liberation, rather than the victim of systemic or male oppression of Acker in real life." "Ultimately, the narrator needs love, so she can de-fragment her self and consciousness, and perceive and understand the world around her." (2) Paul Auster I read two Paul Auster novels, which got me up to date up to the point of "4 3 2 1", which is big enough to intimidate me a little. "Invisible" "Sunset Park" Overview: "Walker's identity has been segmented, and then reconstituted from different perspectives. Thus, it seems that identity is not just the product of the one protagonist or narrator, but an amalgam of the points of view of different characters/ narrators." (3) John Banville I read four more John Banville novels, which at this stage leaves three to go, "The Infinities", "The Blue Guitar", and "Mrs Osmond". "Eclipse" "Shroud" "Ancient Light" "The Sea" Overview: "The third level of estrangement is Cleave's estrangement from himself. He ends up alienated from himself and, as a result, the whole world outside. He loses touch with reality, and ends up seeing ghosts around the family beach house to which he has retreated." "As beautifully written as [this] work is, we don't know whether it is genuine or whether it is the product of a truly unreliable narrator." (4) Peter Carey I decided to re-visit some of Peter Carey's works, resuming with the short stories in "War Crimes" and his first novel, "Bliss". "War Crimes" "Bliss" Overview: "These stories demonstrate Carey's ability to take something normal, ordinary or straightforward, and subtly tweak or twist it into something abnormal, extraordinary or exotic that enhances our understanding of our own normality, and the normality or difference of others who might not be quite like us. Ironically, Carey's ability gives us enormous pleasure as well." (5) Percival Everett I read another three of Percival Everett's novels, which means that I've broken the back of this sub-goal. "Erasure" "Telephone" "The Trees" Overview: "Percival Everett's argument as a novelist is less with individual racists than with the ultimate cause of racism: language and culture." (6) Vladimir Nabokov I caught up with three Nabokov novels. This should clear the way for his short stories, which might end up being a long-term project. "The Enchanter" "Laughter in the Dark" "Pnin" Overview: "Sometimes, the protagonist's revulsion toward the mother, and preference for the daughter, seem to be an aversion for the natural process of aging. "If the daughter can't be preserved as an adolescent girl, then the protagonist believes he can at least witness (and imprint himself on) her metamorphosis, as if she were transforming from an egg to a caterpillar, and then from a chrysalis to a butterfly. "You have to wonder whether Nabokov's interest in butterflies reflects his fascination with metamorphosis or their aesthetic beauty." (7) Geoff Nicholson I read two novels by the English author, Geoff Nicholson, "Bleeding London" "Flesh Guitar" Overview: Nicholson's novels were a welcome change of style and subject matter:
2024 Goals My primary goal in 2024 is to read and review the last two novels of Javier Marias: "Berta Isla" "Tomás Nevinson" Unfortunately, I expect that I'll have to share a lot of reading and reviewing time with my interest in American politics and justice. Happy New Year! Happy New (and Rewarding) Reading and Reviewing Year! I hope you achieve your goals, and I look forward to reading your reviews. ...more |
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CRITIQUE: Two Works From the One Source Despite common opinion, this novella isn't a blueprint for, or a precursor to, Nabokov's "Lolita". Instead, i CRITIQUE: Two Works From the One Source Despite common opinion, this novella isn't a blueprint for, or a precursor to, Nabokov's "Lolita". Instead, it simply shares a source of inspiration, without necessarily adopting or arriving at the same perspective on, or literary approach to, it. Nabokov thought he had destroyed his only copy of the novella, when he started writing "Lolita". He didn't find a copy, until after he had finished writing the later novel. What the two works share is a narrative in which an older male marries a widow in order to have a sexual relationship with her adolescent daughter from a previous marriage. In "Lolita", Humbert Humbert was 37 years old, while Lolita was 12. In "The Enchanter", none of the three principal characters is named, but the male protagonist is 40, while the daughter is 12. Step-Father as Sorcerer The girl's mother is already ill when the protagonist meets her, and it doesn't take long for them to get married and, then, for her to die of her illness, notwithstanding the protagonist's plan to murder her. The daughter doesn't live in Paris with her mother or her new husband. Only after her mother's death does it become possible for step-father and daughter to live under the same roof. His plan is that they go on a holiday in the French Riviera. They are only there for one night before the novella comes to its conclusion. Hence, Nabokov avoids the need to describe the ongoing sexual relationship and the rise, decline and fall that characterised "Lolita". Here, there is only a rapid, pre-emptive fall. Paedophilic Aesthetics The protagonist appears to have had five or six conventional relationships (he calls them "normal affairs") in his lifetime. However, he found them unsatisfactory, and asks, "How can one compare their insipid randomness with my unique flame?" His answer: "It's not a degree of a generic whole, but something totally divorced from the generic, something that is not more valuable but invaluable.". He grants himself "a licence to grow savage", to circumvent the generic norm, which casts this novella as both savage and enchanting. He proceeds with what he calls a "refined selectivity...:"
This admission suggests that his taste is determined by an aesthetic ideal: other girls or women don't necessarily comply with this ideal. For example, he describes his wife as if he finds her repulsive. She is described as his "monstrous bride", a giantess, a "cumbersome behemoth"... she is -
He doubts his ability to -
He regards their relationship as "a joke", which he hopes to share with the girl - it's a vehicle within which he plans "to meld the wave of fatherhood with the wave of sexual love". Unlike Humbert Humbert, there's no suggestion that there is any genuine emotional love. The protagonist's yearning is wholly physical. For him, she is just "that absolutely unique and irreplaceable being". Until now, he has felt "the perpetual ripple of unsatisfied desires, the painful burden of his rolled-up, tucked-away passion - the entire savage, stifling existence that he, and only he, had brought upon himself." He has enchanted nobody but himself. He's a victim of his own fantasy. At the mother's funeral, a distant relative cautions him:
Meanwhile, he was guffawing to himself, as if he knew he would beat these boys to the prize. [image] Photo of Vera Nabokov (Credit: Jean Vong) The Metamorphosis of an Adolescent Girl Sometimes, the protagonist's revulsion toward the mother, and preference for the daughter, seem to be an aversion for the natural process of aging. In contrast, he seems to want to preserve an image of the daughter as the girl she was when they first met:
If the daughter can't be preserved as an adolescent girl, then the protagonist believes he can at least witness (and imprint himself on) her metamorphosis, as if she were transforming from an egg to a caterpillar, and then from a chrysalis to a butterfly. Butterflies and Beauty You have to wonder whether Nabokov's interest in butterflies reflects his fascination with metamorphosis or their aesthetic beauty. While the portrait of the protagonist is more obviously hostile than that of Humbert in "Lolita", this novella is as perfectly written and satisfying as the later novel. I highly recommend it, although some readers might take offence at some of the content, if not the fate of the protagonist. ...more |
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| 3.99
|
really liked it
|
Nov 16, 2024
|
Sep 05, 2024
|
||||||
817
| 3.65
|
liked it
|
Jul 09, 2024
|
Jun 24, 2024
|
||||||
809
| 4.25
|
not set
|
Apr 16, 2024
|
|||||||
820
| 3.97
|
it was amazing
|
Sep 15, 2024
|
Apr 08, 2024
|
||||||
808
| 2.88
|
really liked it
|
Apr 12, 2024
|
Apr 05, 2024
|
||||||
807
| 3.52
|
it was amazing
|
Apr 09, 2024
|
Apr 01, 2024
|
||||||
814
| 3.53
|
really liked it
|
May 29, 2024
|
Mar 21, 2024
|
||||||
824
| 4.12
|
really liked it
|
Oct 09, 2024
|
Dec 05, 2023
|
||||||
823
| 3.74
|
really liked it
|
Oct 06, 2024
|
Nov 07, 2023
|
||||||
782
| 3.14
|
liked it
|
Sep 12, 2023
|
Aug 11, 2023
|
||||||
785
| 3.97
|
it was amazing
|
Oct 08, 2023
|
Jul 19, 2023
|
||||||
772
| 3.74
|
it was amazing
|
Jun 14, 2023
|
Jun 07, 2023
|
||||||
770
| 3.66
|
really liked it
|
May 31, 2023
|
May 08, 2023
|
||||||
805
| 3.60
|
it was amazing
|
Mar 09, 2024
|
Apr 11, 2023
|
||||||
764
| 3.95
|
it was amazing
|
Mar 12, 2023
|
Feb 19, 2023
|
||||||
790
| 3.95
|
liked it
|
Dec 03, 2023
|
Jan 14, 2023
|
||||||
798
| 4.10
|
it was amazing
|
Dec 31, 2023
|
Jan 02, 2023
|
||||||
762
| 3.61
|
it was amazing
|
Feb 14, 2023
|
Dec 20, 2022
|