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丕賱賲爻禺
乇丕卅毓丞 "賰丕賮賰丕" "丕賱賲爻禺" 賷賯丿賲賴丕 賴匕丕 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 亘兀爻賱賵亘 賲亘爻胤 賷鬲賳丕爻亘 賵丕賱賳丕卮卅丞 賵丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賴賵 賵丕丨丿 賮賷 爻賱爻賱丞 "丕賱卮乇賷胤 丕賱丨乇賷乇賷" 丕賱賲賵噩賴丞 廿賱賶 丕賱賲乇亘賷賳 賮賷 爻亘賷賱 賲賰鬲亘丞 睾賳賷丞 匕丕鬲 賲爻鬲賵賶 孬賯丕賮賷 毓丕賱賷貙 賷賯乇兀 賰鬲亘賴丕 丕賱賰亘丕乇 賵丕賱氐睾丕乇. 賵賯丿 毓乇囟鬲 賯氐丞 丕賱賲爻禺 亘兀爻賱賵亘 賲卮賵賯 賵亘賱睾丞 爻賴賱丞 賵丕囟丨丞 丿賵賳 兀賳 賷毓賳賷 匕賱賰 廿乇亘丕賰 亘賳賷丞 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 丕賱兀爻丕爻賷貙 賵丿賵賳 兀賳 賷賲爻賾 賲爻鬲賵賶 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱乇丕卅毓 賵丕賱匕賷 丨丕賵賱 賲賳 禺賱丕賱賴 賰丕賮賰丕 廿亘乇丕夭 丕賱賲卮丕毓乇 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 賴賷 丕賱兀賴賲 丿丕卅賲丕賸 賵兀亘丿丕賸.
136 pages, Paperback
First published October 1, 1915
32.7k people are currently reading
710k people want to read
About the author
Franz Kafka
3,237听books35.1k听followersPrague-born writer Franz Kafka wrote in German, and his stories, such as "
The Metamorphosis
" (1916), and posthumously published novels, including
The Trial
(1925), concern troubled individuals in a nightmarishly impersonal world.
Jewish middle-class family of this major fiction writer of the 20th century spoke German. People consider his unique body of much incomplete writing, mainly published posthumously, among the most influential in European literature.
His stories include "The Metamorphosis" (1912) and " In the Penal Colony " (1914), whereas his posthumous novels include The Trial (1925), The Castle (1926) and Amerika (1927).
Despite first language, Kafka also spoke fluent Czech. Later, Kafka acquired some knowledge of the French language and culture from Flaubert, one of his favorite authors.
Kafka first studied chemistry at the Charles-Ferdinand University of Prague but after two weeks switched to law. This study offered a range of career possibilities, which pleased his father, and required a longer course of study that gave Kafka time to take classes in German studies and art history. At the university, he joined a student club, named Lese- und Redehalle der Deutschen Studenten, which organized literary events, readings, and other activities. In the end of his first year of studies, he met Max Brod, a close friend of his throughout his life, together with the journalist Felix Weltsch, who also studied law. Kafka obtained the degree of doctor of law on 18 June 1906 and performed an obligatory year of unpaid service as law clerk for the civil and criminal courts.
Writing of Kafka attracted little attention before his death. During his lifetime, he published only a few short stories and never finished any of his novels except the very short "The Metamorphosis." Kafka wrote to Max Brod, his friend and literary executor: "Dearest Max, my last request: Everything I leave behind me ... in the way of diaries, manuscripts, letters (my own and others'), sketches, and so on, [is] to be burned unread." Brod told Kafka that he intended not to honor these wishes, but Kafka, so knowing, nevertheless consequently gave these directions specifically to Brod, who, so reasoning, overrode these wishes. Brod in fact oversaw the publication of most of work of Kafka in his possession; these works quickly began to attract attention and high critical regard.
Max Brod encountered significant difficulty in compiling notebooks of Kafka into any chronological order as Kafka started writing in the middle of notebooks, from the last towards the first, et cetera.
Kafka wrote all his published works in German except several letters in Czech to Milena Jesensk谩.
Jewish middle-class family of this major fiction writer of the 20th century spoke German. People consider his unique body of much incomplete writing, mainly published posthumously, among the most influential in European literature.
His stories include "The Metamorphosis" (1912) and " In the Penal Colony " (1914), whereas his posthumous novels include The Trial (1925), The Castle (1926) and Amerika (1927).
Despite first language, Kafka also spoke fluent Czech. Later, Kafka acquired some knowledge of the French language and culture from Flaubert, one of his favorite authors.
Kafka first studied chemistry at the Charles-Ferdinand University of Prague but after two weeks switched to law. This study offered a range of career possibilities, which pleased his father, and required a longer course of study that gave Kafka time to take classes in German studies and art history. At the university, he joined a student club, named Lese- und Redehalle der Deutschen Studenten, which organized literary events, readings, and other activities. In the end of his first year of studies, he met Max Brod, a close friend of his throughout his life, together with the journalist Felix Weltsch, who also studied law. Kafka obtained the degree of doctor of law on 18 June 1906 and performed an obligatory year of unpaid service as law clerk for the civil and criminal courts.
Writing of Kafka attracted little attention before his death. During his lifetime, he published only a few short stories and never finished any of his novels except the very short "The Metamorphosis." Kafka wrote to Max Brod, his friend and literary executor: "Dearest Max, my last request: Everything I leave behind me ... in the way of diaries, manuscripts, letters (my own and others'), sketches, and so on, [is] to be burned unread." Brod told Kafka that he intended not to honor these wishes, but Kafka, so knowing, nevertheless consequently gave these directions specifically to Brod, who, so reasoning, overrode these wishes. Brod in fact oversaw the publication of most of work of Kafka in his possession; these works quickly began to attract attention and high critical regard.
Max Brod encountered significant difficulty in compiling notebooks of Kafka into any chronological order as Kafka started writing in the middle of notebooks, from the last towards the first, et cetera.
Kafka wrote all his published works in German except several letters in Czech to Milena Jesensk谩.
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February 7, 2021
Here's a link to a - all about the fabulous (and not so fabulous) old books I've read.
The Written Review
UPDATE FEBURARY 2021
At this point, it's become a yearly tradition to check back on this and see whatever shtstorm happened over the year.
I think my favorite comments are when people are upset that my review is the most popular & they say it doesn't deserve its position.
It's like...lol...what? Do you think I'm going around making nearly a thousand fake accounts on my free time so I can like it myself or something?
I'm in grad school for crepes sake. I got a thesis to write.
If anything, I feel like the popularity of the review shows that there must be a lot of people out there who agree...or they want to follow the resulting fallout as goodreads users lose their minds over one negative review of a classic... 50/50
I do feel somewhat bemused by the people raising hell over me not liking/getting The Metamorphosis...
Sometimes I want to say, hmm...perhaps you just don't "get" my review? Perhaps it is just going over your heads?
But then I realize that it's not up to me to convince them. And that it isn't my job nor my right to force someone to think positively of something that they don't like.
Could you imagine a world like that? Where you are ONLY allowed to think positively about literature and if you aren't, then an angry mob of "literature lovers" will harass you for literally years? What a world that would be...
Ps. thank you for the positive comments as well. I appreciate them. I'm also hella loving your collective effort to bring this review to 400+ comments. I don't think any other review I've written has come even close to that.
Pps. High five to those of you who have read this book and felt like me, that it was a rather pointless tale about a bug that died. Don't let anyone ever tell you different (ha).
UPDATE MARCH 2020
Hi.
It's me.
Your friendly neighborhood reader.
You all want to know why people don't like reading the classics? Try reading the comments.
I didn't like this book and wrote a jokey review in 2018. People freaked out because A) I didn't like the book and B) poked fun at this classic in my review. The horror.
Two years and 300+ comments later...annnnd *drum roll* I really don't give a sh*t anymore.
I'm tired. I'm bored. It's been TWO FREAKING YEARS and people won't leave this review alone.
Feel free to talk about my (lack of) intelligence all you want down below but I really don't have anything to say in the comments anymore.
A BIG EFFING DISCLAIMER (January 2019):
I read books for fun, not to better myself.
I originally published this review MONTHS ago, for a book published DECADES ago... and I just want to say: Reviewers be warned.
People are not the forgiving sort if you don't like this book. It seems that some classics must be liked, or else .
Since publishing this review, many people have posted their interpretations of this book - some of which I can see, some of which I don't buy and some that really are quite brilliant.
People seem convinced that if only I (the "stupid broad" as one now-deleted comment said) could understand the d*man book , then my "absolute idiocy" could be resolved and I wouldn't have to worry about my children "inheriting the stupid."
While your sentiments about my future children were strong (and no doubt your hearts were in the right place), I'm afraid that won't help them. They are doomed.
Even if the most stunningly accurate interpretation of the novel comes into my life, that doesn't change the fact that I didn't like the book.
I'm not a professional.
I'm not an English teacher.
I have never claimed to be anything other than an avid reader.
Just because I'm a "casual" doesn't mean that I'm only going to stick to fluffy novels. I like to branch out, sometimes with awesome and sometimes with awful results.
And this one just didn't work for me.
The Original Review - (February 2018)
If you are someone who is looking for a serious interpretation kindly check out another. There plenty of brilliant interpretations of this novel, and so many people LOVE it.
Unfortunately, I did not.
I cannot make you understand. I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself.Allow me to explain it to you then:
You (Gregor) turned into a giant bug.
Your family alternated between fearing, caring, and loathing you in your bug-body.
Ultimately, you began doing lots of creepy bug-things and became a burden to them.
Then you starved to death and your parents got their spare bedroom back.
*slow clapping*
Okaaaay, if you haven't already guessed, I didn't enjoy this one.
I am not a fan of books where things just *happen* without any sort of explanation. Nor if books that give off a consistently dreary feeling throughout.
I could summarize the entire book as: Gregor turns into a bug, it was not a smart move.
Which is slightly misrepresenting the book - cause the book actually has Gregor turning into a bug without any rhyme or reason.
Actually.
Wait a moment.
This is probably one of those books where everything is a representation of something significant in real life.
An "Important Novel", if you will.
Lemme Wikipedia this.
...
.....
........
Ok. I'm back.
Apparently the bug thing is either a metaphor for a "father complex" (Gregor's dad was the most anti-Gregor/anti-bug character) or a take on the "artist struggle" (Gregor's sister is the cruelest, because she can make music).
I mean, maybe?
I guess that could be what the book means...? There's a cruel father and a gifted daughter...but who knows.
I guess the book is so open to interpretation that it could literally mean just about anything.
It kind of feels like one of those books just written for the hell of it and then some English teachers got a hold of it and now it's become an Important Novel.
Therefore, I'm going to stick with my original interpretation - it's a rather pointless novel about a bug that dies.
Personally, I did not like the style, the characters and the ending.
It felt painful to read, the emotions and the feelings associated with the events just felt incredibly depressing.
Plus, as a personal pet peeve - plenty of things happen without a solid explanation or clear motivation... which actually funnels back into my "English teachers got ahold of this novel" theory quite well.
Ultimately, this took up time that I can never get back and I don't think I'll ever enjoy it.
How about if I sleep a little bit longer and forget all this nonsense| | | | | Snapchat @miranda_reads
June 3, 2024
"A pesar de su triste y repugnante forma actual, era un miembro de la familia, a quien no pod铆a tratarse como a un enemigo."
Siempre es una necesidad para m铆 releer a Franz Kafka, mi escritor preferido y era esta la oportunidad de volver a surcar por cuarta vez las p谩ginas de "La metamorfosis" (o "La transformaci贸n", seg煤n la acepci贸n que Borges hace de "Die Verwandlung" y que sostiene como correcta). Como en otros ejemplos de la obra kafkiana, es un libro que releer铆a cientos de veces. El poder de atracci贸n que tiene para m铆 es muy fuerte y con las consiguientes lecturas y a partir del conocimiento de la vida de Franz hace que yo disfrute continuamente de sus relatos y novelas.
Existen much铆simas interpretaciones, ensayos, rese帽as, apreciaciones y cr铆ticas literarias que se han realizado a partir de su publicaci贸n all谩 por 1915 y que hizo de "La metamorfosis" una joya de la literatura mundial.
Se puede abordar la naturaleza del relato desde varias perspectivas, 贸pticas y puntos de vista que podr铆an significar una par谩bola del sufrimiento humano, una cr铆tica a la discriminaci贸n y el desarraigo, una aceptaci贸n de leyes condenatorias y por supuesto se puede relacionar con a Gregorio Samsa (y lo que le pasa) a la dura y sufrida historia del pueblo jud铆o, identificada en esa frase de Grete, la propia hermana de Gregor que tanto intent贸 cuidarlo finalmente lo condena y discrimina: "驴C贸mo puede ser esto Gregor? Si tal fuese, ya hace tiempo que hubiera comprendido que no es posible que unos seres humanos vivan en comunidad con semejante bicho." Con semejante pasmo y frialdad, Kafka anticipa el genocidio nazi.
En fin, es amplio el espectro de los posibles significados que la obra planea.
En mi caso, yo creo que para leer esta peque帽a novela de alrededor de cien p谩ginas hay que hacerlo con los ojos de Kafka. Tenemos que meternos en su piel, en sus contradicciones y sufrimientos y en los vaivenes de su propia experiencia personal, saber de sus conflictos existenciales y de su complejo de inferioridad. Gran parte de lo que se relata en la novela condice casi en su totalidad con el plano emp铆rico del autor checo.
Las similitudes son varias. En primer lugar, nos encontramos con el apellido de Gregor, Samsa, en el que Kafka jug贸 con su apellido cambi谩ndole las consonantes mientras que las vocales, que tambi茅n son A, encajan en el mismo lugar en ambos casos: Samsa=Kafka.
Por otro lado, Gregor vive con sus padres y esto es algo que el propio Kafka tuvo que hacer en una gran porci贸n de su vida, chocando con la cotidianeidad que coartaba su necesidad de trabajo silencioso que era la escritura.
Es precisamente Kafka quien lo lleva a la ficci贸n en uno de sus relatos.
Para 茅l la convivencia con su familia es insoportable, innecesaria. En el caso de Gregor Samsa, existe tambi茅n la afinidad de que trabaja como viajante de comercio, una tarea tan af铆n al propio trabajo de Kafka en la agencia de seguros. Ambos deben aportar econ贸micamente a su hogar y en cierto modo ser el sost茅n de la familia.
Esa familia en la que ambos viven tiene m谩s contras y una de ellas son los padres. El padre de Gregor se erige con la misma autoridad plenipotenciaria que ejerc铆a Herman Kafka para atormentar a Franz. La relaci贸n entre padre e hijo siempre fue muy conflictiva y el grado de opresi贸n que ejerci贸 sobre el escritor fue tal que necesit贸 hacer su descargo en una carta de m谩s de noventa p谩ginas, que para hacer honor a tantas paradojas kafkianas de su obra, nunca lleg贸 a destino.
En un momento del libro, Gregor describe a su padre diciendo "Sobre la rigidez del cuello, alto, se derramaba la papada: bajo las pobladas cejas, los ojos negros desped铆an una mirada alta y lozana, y el cabello blanco, desde siempre, aparec铆a brillante y dividido por una raya primorosamente sacada."
Es sorprendente, pero con excepci贸n de la raya al medio, el padre descripto por Samsa es Herman Kafka. Con el influjo de esa mirada paternal tan agobiante, Kafka fue formando la idea de "La metamorfosis鈥�: 鈥淏ajo tu influencia perd铆 la confianza en m铆 mismo y la sustitu铆 por un infinito sentimiento de culpa."
Pero esto no es nuevo, ya que en su primer relato famoso publicado en 1912 y que se llama "La condena" (y en donde tambi茅n juega con los apellidos quitando la parte -mann del apellido del personaje principal, Bendemann volvemos a encontrar a Kafka cambiando la A por la E: Bende=Kafka), se produce el mismo juego de juez y acusado cuando Georg Bendemann le dice a su padre que quiere casarse y su padre lo condena por ello (no voy a contar de que se trata el cuento para quien no lo haya le铆do) y que es un fiel reflejo de su relaci贸n con Herman Kafka a partir de su infructuoso intento de casamiento con Felice Bauer.
El otro punto de contacto con la realidad es la transformaci贸n de Gregor Samsa. Yo lo conecto con una an茅cdota que el propio Kafka le cuenta a otra de sus inalcanzables prometidas, M铆lena Jesensk谩 cuando le escribe lo siguiente: "Mientras estaba tendido all铆, a un paso de m铆 yac铆a un escarabajo, patas arriba, desesperado. No pod铆a enderezarse, me habr铆a gustado ayudarlo, era tan f谩cil hacerlo, bastaba un paso y un empujoncito para brindarle una ayuda efectiva. Pero lo olvid茅 a causa de la carta. Adem谩s no pod铆a ponerme de pie. Por fin, una lagartija logr贸 que volviera a tomar conciencia de la vida que me rodeaba. Su camino la llev贸 hasta el escarabajo, que ya estaba totalmente inm贸vil. De modo que no fue un accidente, me dije, sino una lucha mortal, el raro espect谩culo de la muerte natural de un animal. Pero la lagartija al deslizarse por encima del escarabajo, lo enderez贸. Por unos instantes continu贸 inm贸vil, como muerto, pero luego trep贸 la pared como la cosa m谩s natural. Es probable que eso me haya brindado, de alguna manera, un poco de coraje. Lo cierto es que me puse de pie, beb铆 leche y le escrib铆 a usted.鈥�
Creo que esta relaci贸n es directa y primordial para el desarrollo del relato ya desde la primera frase del libro y que contiene uno de los comienzos m谩s emblem谩ticos de la literatura mundial. La pesadilla de la que cree despertar Gregor luego de ese sue帽o intranquilo se hace realidad y no puede volver atr谩s su nueva condici贸n: es un monstruoso insecto.
Est谩 condenado y los verdaderos ejecutores son los integrantes de su propia familia.
Imposibilitado de defenderse, Gregor Samsa pierde su batalla de la misma manera que Kafka perdi贸 la suya sufriendo otra metamorfosis: la de un muchacho sano y joven que nadaba en su Praga natal all谩 por 1903 en la de un tuberculoso, agonizando en la cama de un hospital de Viena en los primeros d铆as de junio de 1924.
En otro pasaje de las tantas cartas que le escribiera a M铆lena Kafka dice: "No puedo hacerte comprender, no puedo hacer comprender a nadie lo que ocurre dentro de m铆. 驴C贸mo podr铆a explicar por qu茅 ocurre lo que est谩 ocurriendo? Ni siquiera puedo explic谩rmelo a m铆 mismo. Pero tampoco es esa la raz贸n principal. La raz贸n principal es evidente: es imposible llevar una vida humana cerca de m铆."
"La metamorfosis" es uno de esos claros ejemplos en el que realidad y ficci贸n van de la mano.
Siempre es una necesidad para m铆 releer a Franz Kafka, mi escritor preferido y era esta la oportunidad de volver a surcar por cuarta vez las p谩ginas de "La metamorfosis" (o "La transformaci贸n", seg煤n la acepci贸n que Borges hace de "Die Verwandlung" y que sostiene como correcta). Como en otros ejemplos de la obra kafkiana, es un libro que releer铆a cientos de veces. El poder de atracci贸n que tiene para m铆 es muy fuerte y con las consiguientes lecturas y a partir del conocimiento de la vida de Franz hace que yo disfrute continuamente de sus relatos y novelas.
Existen much铆simas interpretaciones, ensayos, rese帽as, apreciaciones y cr铆ticas literarias que se han realizado a partir de su publicaci贸n all谩 por 1915 y que hizo de "La metamorfosis" una joya de la literatura mundial.
Se puede abordar la naturaleza del relato desde varias perspectivas, 贸pticas y puntos de vista que podr铆an significar una par谩bola del sufrimiento humano, una cr铆tica a la discriminaci贸n y el desarraigo, una aceptaci贸n de leyes condenatorias y por supuesto se puede relacionar con a Gregorio Samsa (y lo que le pasa) a la dura y sufrida historia del pueblo jud铆o, identificada en esa frase de Grete, la propia hermana de Gregor que tanto intent贸 cuidarlo finalmente lo condena y discrimina: "驴C贸mo puede ser esto Gregor? Si tal fuese, ya hace tiempo que hubiera comprendido que no es posible que unos seres humanos vivan en comunidad con semejante bicho." Con semejante pasmo y frialdad, Kafka anticipa el genocidio nazi.
En fin, es amplio el espectro de los posibles significados que la obra planea.
En mi caso, yo creo que para leer esta peque帽a novela de alrededor de cien p谩ginas hay que hacerlo con los ojos de Kafka. Tenemos que meternos en su piel, en sus contradicciones y sufrimientos y en los vaivenes de su propia experiencia personal, saber de sus conflictos existenciales y de su complejo de inferioridad. Gran parte de lo que se relata en la novela condice casi en su totalidad con el plano emp铆rico del autor checo.
Las similitudes son varias. En primer lugar, nos encontramos con el apellido de Gregor, Samsa, en el que Kafka jug贸 con su apellido cambi谩ndole las consonantes mientras que las vocales, que tambi茅n son A, encajan en el mismo lugar en ambos casos: Samsa=Kafka.
Por otro lado, Gregor vive con sus padres y esto es algo que el propio Kafka tuvo que hacer en una gran porci贸n de su vida, chocando con la cotidianeidad que coartaba su necesidad de trabajo silencioso que era la escritura.
Es precisamente Kafka quien lo lleva a la ficci贸n en uno de sus relatos.
Para 茅l la convivencia con su familia es insoportable, innecesaria. En el caso de Gregor Samsa, existe tambi茅n la afinidad de que trabaja como viajante de comercio, una tarea tan af铆n al propio trabajo de Kafka en la agencia de seguros. Ambos deben aportar econ贸micamente a su hogar y en cierto modo ser el sost茅n de la familia.
Esa familia en la que ambos viven tiene m谩s contras y una de ellas son los padres. El padre de Gregor se erige con la misma autoridad plenipotenciaria que ejerc铆a Herman Kafka para atormentar a Franz. La relaci贸n entre padre e hijo siempre fue muy conflictiva y el grado de opresi贸n que ejerci贸 sobre el escritor fue tal que necesit贸 hacer su descargo en una carta de m谩s de noventa p谩ginas, que para hacer honor a tantas paradojas kafkianas de su obra, nunca lleg贸 a destino.
En un momento del libro, Gregor describe a su padre diciendo "Sobre la rigidez del cuello, alto, se derramaba la papada: bajo las pobladas cejas, los ojos negros desped铆an una mirada alta y lozana, y el cabello blanco, desde siempre, aparec铆a brillante y dividido por una raya primorosamente sacada."
Es sorprendente, pero con excepci贸n de la raya al medio, el padre descripto por Samsa es Herman Kafka. Con el influjo de esa mirada paternal tan agobiante, Kafka fue formando la idea de "La metamorfosis鈥�: 鈥淏ajo tu influencia perd铆 la confianza en m铆 mismo y la sustitu铆 por un infinito sentimiento de culpa."
Pero esto no es nuevo, ya que en su primer relato famoso publicado en 1912 y que se llama "La condena" (y en donde tambi茅n juega con los apellidos quitando la parte -mann del apellido del personaje principal, Bendemann volvemos a encontrar a Kafka cambiando la A por la E: Bende=Kafka), se produce el mismo juego de juez y acusado cuando Georg Bendemann le dice a su padre que quiere casarse y su padre lo condena por ello (no voy a contar de que se trata el cuento para quien no lo haya le铆do) y que es un fiel reflejo de su relaci贸n con Herman Kafka a partir de su infructuoso intento de casamiento con Felice Bauer.
El otro punto de contacto con la realidad es la transformaci贸n de Gregor Samsa. Yo lo conecto con una an茅cdota que el propio Kafka le cuenta a otra de sus inalcanzables prometidas, M铆lena Jesensk谩 cuando le escribe lo siguiente: "Mientras estaba tendido all铆, a un paso de m铆 yac铆a un escarabajo, patas arriba, desesperado. No pod铆a enderezarse, me habr铆a gustado ayudarlo, era tan f谩cil hacerlo, bastaba un paso y un empujoncito para brindarle una ayuda efectiva. Pero lo olvid茅 a causa de la carta. Adem谩s no pod铆a ponerme de pie. Por fin, una lagartija logr贸 que volviera a tomar conciencia de la vida que me rodeaba. Su camino la llev贸 hasta el escarabajo, que ya estaba totalmente inm贸vil. De modo que no fue un accidente, me dije, sino una lucha mortal, el raro espect谩culo de la muerte natural de un animal. Pero la lagartija al deslizarse por encima del escarabajo, lo enderez贸. Por unos instantes continu贸 inm贸vil, como muerto, pero luego trep贸 la pared como la cosa m谩s natural. Es probable que eso me haya brindado, de alguna manera, un poco de coraje. Lo cierto es que me puse de pie, beb铆 leche y le escrib铆 a usted.鈥�
Creo que esta relaci贸n es directa y primordial para el desarrollo del relato ya desde la primera frase del libro y que contiene uno de los comienzos m谩s emblem谩ticos de la literatura mundial. La pesadilla de la que cree despertar Gregor luego de ese sue帽o intranquilo se hace realidad y no puede volver atr谩s su nueva condici贸n: es un monstruoso insecto.
Est谩 condenado y los verdaderos ejecutores son los integrantes de su propia familia.
Imposibilitado de defenderse, Gregor Samsa pierde su batalla de la misma manera que Kafka perdi贸 la suya sufriendo otra metamorfosis: la de un muchacho sano y joven que nadaba en su Praga natal all谩 por 1903 en la de un tuberculoso, agonizando en la cama de un hospital de Viena en los primeros d铆as de junio de 1924.
En otro pasaje de las tantas cartas que le escribiera a M铆lena Kafka dice: "No puedo hacerte comprender, no puedo hacer comprender a nadie lo que ocurre dentro de m铆. 驴C贸mo podr铆a explicar por qu茅 ocurre lo que est谩 ocurriendo? Ni siquiera puedo explic谩rmelo a m铆 mismo. Pero tampoco es esa la raz贸n principal. La raz贸n principal es evidente: es imposible llevar una vida humana cerca de m铆."
"La metamorfosis" es uno de esos claros ejemplos en el que realidad y ficci贸n van de la mano.
April 26, 2024
*edited on 26.04.2024 after reading and in response to Father's Last Escape by Bruno Schulz
The Metamorphosis can quite easily be one of Franz Kafka鈥檚 best works of literature- one of the best in Existentialist literature. Franz Kafka has been one of my all time favorite authors, he quite effortlessly shows the struggle of human existence- the problem of living in modern society- through the narrator, the world of Kafka is surreal having tinge of fantsay but still a perfect mirror to our real world.
One fine morning, Gregor Samsa wakes in his bed and finds himself metamorphosized into an a mammoth bug- the vermin; as expected, he struggles to comprehend what realily has transpired, for the reality may be stranger than fiction but what has happened is out of proportions, he checks out his little room and though everything looks ordinary to him anyway it gets a peculiar inclination it may not be so. He attempts to turn over and return to stay in bed so that he may do away with the unease of his newly found existence, requests to disregard what has occurred, but the state of strange and recently transformed back limits his mobility to just side to side, as if his degrees of movements have been limited in sync with his existence.
"As Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect."
Franz Kafka has a panache to throw the reader off guard, starightaway, through the very direct manner in which the initial lines of the novella relates the odd occasion of Gregor's transformation, the author raises the normal circumstances to abnormal levels to give it a tinge of surrealism and infuses it with commonality of the life to make a preposterous world which is crisp, disorganized as opposed to rational and normal, as we expect it to be; but the Kafka always do what you least expect.
The protagonist of the story, Gregor Samsa agonizingly becomes accustomed to his creepy vermin body and his family takes care of him (mostly an inappropriate things, however they couldn't care less) and expels furniture from his room with the goal that he can uninhibitedly move around and climb the walls. Be that as it may, they would prefer not to see his appalling structure, he is kept to his room, and normally stows away under the couch when his sister enters with his food, to save her sensibilities (as opposed to the pleasantly human creepy crawly Gregor, his sister isn't chivalrous in any way, yet progressively hostile and barbarous); his brutish dad (as Kafka himself had been quite afraid of his father) pursues him back by tossing apples at him when he once comes out. The relatives additionally need to take employments for they can no longer soak up the fruitful child. What's more, the circumstance separates, and the family crumbles.
The problem of alienation is explored to depth in the novella- Gregor become insect and behaviour of his family members change towards him, he may transformed to something unusual at the core he is still the same however he faces problem of acceptance by society due to his transformed appearance, which ridicules his being- his existence- as if he is thrown into the hell of nothingness without any notice. The feebleness of his existence disintegrates his being into nothingness, under the sheer pressure of the society- the 'Other'.
The novella raises some very basic and profound questions of human existence- alienation, identity, being. Kafka questions all our presuppositions of life- success, social position, money, that a healthy life is characterized by a steadily improving standard of living and a socially-acceptable appearance which we think matter most- through Gregor's metamorphosis. These presuppositions of our life pose more serious questions- which are very chilly and which can rip us apart from any sense of our (inauthentic) existence.
The author robs Gregor-the protagonist- of every sense of his inauthentic existence by stealing off all assumptions of his life, now he is striped down to the very core of his existence. The protagonist is encountered with basic problems of human existence- what it takes to be?- which we encounter in our lives- if we once appeared socially acceptable and now have ceased to do so, are we still in fact ourselves? Was the socially-acceptable persona in fact ourselves, or is there more essential self-ness in the being we have now become? Or have we, in fact, been nobody in the first place, and are we nobody still?
Gregor Samsa perhpas makes us to look in to our own abyss, to ponder our own character perhaps showing the horror of our lives, about the fluidity of what we take in our lives as fixed and steady. The Metamorphosis makes us question our identity, our very existence- what it takes to be human, about how we try to behave in an manner pleasing to others, perhpas underlining the bad faith of Sartre. The distrubing aspect of the story is the manner in which Gregor Samsa surrenders himself to the fivolity of his family members, the manner in which he is stripped off the exisetnce he has carved for himself is rather unsettling and speaks about irrationality of life, the horrors and dangers of our own metamorphosis. Kafka gives us that how the conventions of normal society are twisted because of our incompetence to look past the surface to the individual inside.
February 19, 2022
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兀賳 賷賰賵賳 賵賱丿賸丕 賲賴匕亘賸丕
兀賳 賷爻丕毓丿 毓丕卅賱鬲賴 賵兀賳 賷賮賳賶 賳賮爻賴 賱廿毓丕賱鬲賴丕
兀賳 賷賰賵賳 "毓賯賱丕賳賷賸丕" 賰賲丕 賵氐賮賴 賲丿賷乇賴 亘丕賱毓賲賱
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賴賷乇賲丕賳 賰丕賮賰丕- 賮乇丕賳夭 賰丕賮賰丕鈥�
毓賱丕賯丞 賰丕賮賰丕 亘兀亘賷賴 丕賱噩夭丕乇(丕賱賯氐賾丕亘) 丕賱卮乇爻 鬲鬲噩爻丿 鈥徺佡� 賰孬賷乇 賲賳 兀毓賲丕賱賴 丕賱兀丿亘賷丞 鈥�
賮賲孬賱丕 賮賷 賯氐丞 丕賱丨賰賲 賳噩丿 鈥徹з勜堌ж� 亘賷賳 丕賱丕孬賳賷賳 賷賳鬲賴賷 亘乇賰囟 丕賱丕亘賳 賲乇爻毓賸丕 賱賷賯鬲賱 賳賮爻賴 貙貙 鈥徺勝傌� 鈥徹Ｘ地� 丕賱賵丕賱丿 丕賱丨賰賲 賵賲丕 毓賱賷賴 爻賵賶 丕賱鬲賳賮賷匕
賵賴匕賴 丕賱賯爻賵丞 丕賱乇賴賷亘丞 丕賱鬲賷 賷丨賲賱賴丕 丕賱兀亘 丿賵賲賸丕 賵賷毓丕賲賱 鈥徹ㄙ囏� 丕亘賳賴 鬲亘丿賵 睾賷乇 賲亘乇乇丞 鈥徹屫屫娰堌з嗁娯┴屫屬勜ж官傎勜з嗁娯� 鈥徺堌关ㄘ娯� 鬲賲丕賲丕
賵賴賳丕賰 卮毓賵乇丕賳 兀爻丕爻賷丕賳 賷鬲囟丕賮乇丕賳 賲毓丕
賮亘賷賳賲丕 賷亘丿賵 賰丕賮賰丕 賲睾賲賵乇丕 賮賷 卮毓賵乇賴 亘丕賱匕賳亘 鈥徺堌з勜焚娯ω� 鈥撡冑堎嗁� 賵購賱丿 兀爻丕爻丕 兀賵 鬲賵丕噩丿 亘賴匕賴 丕賱丨賷丕丞
賳噩丿 丿賵賲丕 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賯丕亘 賵丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕賲 賵丕賱丨乇亘 丕賱亘丕乇丿丞 丕賱鬲賷 鈥徺娯促嗁囏� 賰丕賮賰丕 毓賱賶 賵丕賱丿賴 鈥�
賮賴賵 賷賳鬲賯賲 賲賳賴 毓賱賶 丕賱賵乇賯
賷丨賷賱賴 賵丨卮丕 亘兀賳賷丕亘 賵賷噩賱丿賴 賲乇丞 亘毓丿 兀禺乇賶
廿賳 丕賱丕賳鬲賯丕賲 噩賳亘丕 廿賱賶 噩賳亘 賲毓 丕賱卮毓賵乇 丕賱乇賴賷亘 亘丕賱匕賳亘 鈥徺冐з嗀� 兀爻丕爻 賰賱 賲丕 賰鬲亘賴 賰丕賮賰丕 毓賳 賵丕賱丿賴 賲乇丞 鈥徹ㄘ关� 賲乇丞
氐賵乇丞 賲噩賲毓丞 賱兀亘賵賷 賰丕賮賰丕
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
丕賱胤乇賷賮 兀賳賴 賮賷 丕賱賵賯鬲 丕賱匕賷 賰購鬲亘鬲 賮賷賴 賴匕賴 丕賱賳賵賮賷賱丕 丕賱亘丿賷毓丞 賱賲 鬲賰賳 鈥徹官嗁� 賰賱賲丞 丨卮乇丞 丕賱鬲賷 賳爻鬲禺丿賲賴丕 丕賱丌賳 丨乇賮賷丕 爻賵賶 鈥�
丨賷賵丕賳 睾賷乇 賳馗賷賮 賱丕 賷氐丨 丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲賴 賰兀囟丨賷丞" 鈥�"
"ungeheures Ungeziefer"
兀賷 兀賳 賰丕賮賰丕 丕禺鬲丕乇 賲氐胤賱丨丕 睾丕賲囟丕 賱賷亘賳賷 毓賱賷賴 賯氐鬲賴
賵亘丕賱鬲丕賱賷 爻鬲噩丿 賮賷 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丕鬲 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞 噩賲賷毓賴丕 兀賳賵丕毓丕 鈥徺勜� 鬲丨氐賶 賲賳 丕賱丨卮乇丕鬲 賵賲孬賷賱丕鬲賴丕 鈥�
丨鬲賶 亘丕賱毓乇亘賷丞 賳噩丿 賲賳 爻賲丕賴丕 亘丕賱賲爻禺 賵睾賷乇賴 賲賲賳 鈥徹迟呚з囏� 亘丕賱丿賵丿丞 丕賱毓賲賱丕賯丞
兀賲丕 賮賱丕丿賷賲賷乇 賳賵亘丕賰賵賮 丕賱乇賵丕卅賷 丕賱卮賴賷乇 賮賰丕賳 賷乇賶 兀賳 鈥徹池з呚池� 鬲丨賵賱 賱禺賳賮爻丕亍 賲爻鬲賳丿丕 毓賱賶 爻胤賵乇 賲毓賷賳丞 鈥徹ㄘз勜辟堌з娯�
丕賯乇兀賵丕-賰丕賮賰丕#
December 4, 2013
Gregor waking up one morning as a bug was a hilarious analogy of the effects an illness can have on someone, as well as on those who are close to him. Though the underlying story behind the hilarity of the analogy was anything but funny. I took it as more of a warning of what NOT to do when a loved-one is afflicted by some unfortunate disease or circumstance. I found his resistance of acknowledging to himself that he had become a bug in the beginning of the story to be very interesting. When he couldn't ignore his state any longer, he looked to others' reactions as to how he would look at his own condition. As he was trying to unlock his bedroom door to let his parents and supervisor in, he thought,
"If they took fright, then Gregor would have no further responsibility and could rest in peace. But if they took it all calmly, then he had no reason to get excited either and he could, if he hurried, actually be at the station by eight."
The reaction of those around him, and most importantly, those of his closest loved-ones, is what influenced his own attitude towards himself and his own state. He became completely ashamed of himself, striving to completely hide himself from view, though it took great effort and pain on his part to do so. His imprisonment, or rather, his confinement from the company of others, had a devastating affect upon his mental well-being and in turn, affected his physical well-being. Such a sad story and the fact that his family didn't feel remorse for their actions, but relief for themselves at his death... I don't believe Kafka was trying to say this is how humans are indubitably, even though most of them try to put on a show of galantry and higher morals. But that humans certainly can become some of the most self-serving, self-centered creatures on Earth. It serves as a warning to us all that while it is good to allow others to serve us from time to time, it is far better to always serve others. Gregor's family had all become accustomed to being taken care of by him. They didn't even mind that he was held in servitude to pay off their debts. This was made evident when the fact was made known that Gregor's father had been saving up extra money earned by Gregor, when it could have been used to pay for his freedom much sooner. Gregor, on the other hand, had been serving his family and loved them purely because of it. His first thought was not of himself, but of the hardship his condition would cause his family.
So lest we fall into such an ugly state of existence, let us guard ourselves by serving those we love, thus loving more those we serve.
"If they took fright, then Gregor would have no further responsibility and could rest in peace. But if they took it all calmly, then he had no reason to get excited either and he could, if he hurried, actually be at the station by eight."
The reaction of those around him, and most importantly, those of his closest loved-ones, is what influenced his own attitude towards himself and his own state. He became completely ashamed of himself, striving to completely hide himself from view, though it took great effort and pain on his part to do so. His imprisonment, or rather, his confinement from the company of others, had a devastating affect upon his mental well-being and in turn, affected his physical well-being. Such a sad story and the fact that his family didn't feel remorse for their actions, but relief for themselves at his death... I don't believe Kafka was trying to say this is how humans are indubitably, even though most of them try to put on a show of galantry and higher morals. But that humans certainly can become some of the most self-serving, self-centered creatures on Earth. It serves as a warning to us all that while it is good to allow others to serve us from time to time, it is far better to always serve others. Gregor's family had all become accustomed to being taken care of by him. They didn't even mind that he was held in servitude to pay off their debts. This was made evident when the fact was made known that Gregor's father had been saving up extra money earned by Gregor, when it could have been used to pay for his freedom much sooner. Gregor, on the other hand, had been serving his family and loved them purely because of it. His first thought was not of himself, but of the hardship his condition would cause his family.
So lest we fall into such an ugly state of existence, let us guard ourselves by serving those we love, thus loving more those we serve.
May 3, 2011
Gregor Samsa wakes up one morning to discover he's been transformed into a giant beetle-like creature. Can he and his family adjust to his new form?
The Metamorphosis is one of those books that a lot of people get dragooned into reading during high school and therefore are predisposed to loath. I managed to escape this fate and I'm glad. The Metamorphosis is quite a strange little book.
Translated from German, The Metamorphosis is the story of how Gregor Samsa's transformation tears his family apart. I feel like there are hidden meanings that are just beyond my grasp. I suspect it's a commentary about how capitalism devours its workers when they're unable to work or possibly about how the people who deviate from the norm are isolated. However, I mostly notice how Samsa's a big frickin' beetle and his family pretends he doesn't exist.
There's some absurdist humor at the beginning. Samsa's first thoughts upon finding out he's a beetle is how he's going to miss work. Now, I'm as dedicated to my job as most people but if I woke up to find myself a giant beetle, I don't think I'd have to mull over the decision to take a personal day or two.
Aside from that, the main thing that sticks out is what a bunch of bastards Samsa's family is. He's been supporting all of them for years in his soul-crushing traveling salesman job and now they're pissed that they have to carry the workload. Poor things. It's not like Gregor's sitting on the couch drinking beer while they're working. He's a giant damn beetle! Cut him some slack.
All kidding aside, the ending is pretty sad. I'll bet Mr. Samsa felt like a prick later. The Metamorphosis gets four stars, primarily for being so strange and also because it's the ancestor of many weird or bizarro tales that came afterwords. It's definitely worth an hour or two of your time.
The Metamorphosis is one of those books that a lot of people get dragooned into reading during high school and therefore are predisposed to loath. I managed to escape this fate and I'm glad. The Metamorphosis is quite a strange little book.
Translated from German, The Metamorphosis is the story of how Gregor Samsa's transformation tears his family apart. I feel like there are hidden meanings that are just beyond my grasp. I suspect it's a commentary about how capitalism devours its workers when they're unable to work or possibly about how the people who deviate from the norm are isolated. However, I mostly notice how Samsa's a big frickin' beetle and his family pretends he doesn't exist.
There's some absurdist humor at the beginning. Samsa's first thoughts upon finding out he's a beetle is how he's going to miss work. Now, I'm as dedicated to my job as most people but if I woke up to find myself a giant beetle, I don't think I'd have to mull over the decision to take a personal day or two.
Aside from that, the main thing that sticks out is what a bunch of bastards Samsa's family is. He's been supporting all of them for years in his soul-crushing traveling salesman job and now they're pissed that they have to carry the workload. Poor things. It's not like Gregor's sitting on the couch drinking beer while they're working. He's a giant damn beetle! Cut him some slack.
All kidding aside, the ending is pretty sad. I'll bet Mr. Samsa felt like a prick later. The Metamorphosis gets four stars, primarily for being so strange and also because it's the ancestor of many weird or bizarro tales that came afterwords. It's definitely worth an hour or two of your time.
December 1, 2022
A paraphrase. When my (ex)husband went out one evening from unsettling dreams of how faraway his wife was, he went out drinking and whoring. Next morning he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vermin. A cockroach. Much he knew it though. None of his friends recognised it, in fact they preferred the cockroach to the person he had been and he had a great time. When it was time for him to come home, armour-plated as he was he crushed his wife underfoot (well fists and kicks, but same thing).
Unlike Kafka's poor cockroach whom no one could come to terms with and is destroyed by their ultimate hatred of creepy, crawly insects that roam the house, my ex was embraced by all and became the most popular party person. Although at one stage I did have to fight off a woman who was swinging her handbag at me and tell a Spanish prostitute that my husband's unwanted attentions were no business of mine.
The moral of the story is that there is more than one type of human cockroach and Kafka only wrote about one. It's all in the shell, if you are ugly, big, brown and with six legs you are hated. But handsome, big, brown and with only two, you are adored.
Read this book back in 1999 and loved it. Social isolation for visible or invisible characterists reverberated with me, as did the cold gang mentality that rules once each has identified themselves as a sympathetic member.
5 star book
2 star ex husband (I did get my son so he gets a star for that).
Unlike Kafka's poor cockroach whom no one could come to terms with and is destroyed by their ultimate hatred of creepy, crawly insects that roam the house, my ex was embraced by all and became the most popular party person. Although at one stage I did have to fight off a woman who was swinging her handbag at me and tell a Spanish prostitute that my husband's unwanted attentions were no business of mine.
The moral of the story is that there is more than one type of human cockroach and Kafka only wrote about one. It's all in the shell, if you are ugly, big, brown and with six legs you are hated. But handsome, big, brown and with only two, you are adored.
Read this book back in 1999 and loved it. Social isolation for visible or invisible characterists reverberated with me, as did the cold gang mentality that rules once each has identified themselves as a sympathetic member.
5 star book
2 star ex husband (I did get my son so he gets a star for that).
October 24, 2009
I once used my copy to kill a beetle.
Thereby combining my two passions: irony and slaughter.
*wields*
Thereby combining my two passions: irony and slaughter.
*wields*
March 29, 2018
Any day you wake up as a cockroach is a shit day.
October 29, 2023
鈥渨ould you still love me if i was a worm?鈥� except it鈥檚 a whole book
February 25, 2025
It was no dream.
Gregor Samsa awakes one day, changed forever. How unpredictable is life, one moment leading to a new labyrinth of existence where forward is the only motion available, our scars and choices following us in a tuneless parade with few interested spectators. Despite our lives being a personal struggle, it is constantly judged, criticized and appraised by all those whom we encounter. Oh, the injuries we inflict upon one another. We alienate and assume instead of communicate, we fear differences and we yell when we should love. Strange how the ones we love tend to be the ones we hurt, or hurt us the most. Kafka鈥檚 classic story The Metamorphosis is an alarming tale of alienation and hurt that seems fantastical on the outside to house a bitter pill of reality that has roots in us all. What is most compelling about Kafka is his ability to construct a tale from personal anxiety and injury that broadcasts as a universal message to all that read it, honing in on the guilt, loneliness and frustration in every heart. Gregor鈥檚 terrifying tale of transformation is a powerful rendition of guilt and the failure to succeed in a father鈥檚 eyes that utilizes religious imagery and fantastical occurences to drive the knife into the reader鈥檚 heart and soul.
Gregor lives a life of solemn servitude to his job and, most importantly, his family. His job is a necessity to support a family whose debts accrued by the now-unemployed father are being repaid by the fruits of Gregor鈥檚 labor. While Gregor has provided the family with a modest home which he shares with them, the debt seems an unquenchable burden he can never fulfill. In the original German, the word schuld means both 鈥榙ebt鈥� and 鈥榞uilt鈥櫬�, a critical texture to the text ironed away by translation that opens a gateway of understanding Gregor鈥檚 father issues. There is the guilt at being unable to satisfy the father, to live up to the father, and the senior Samsa is a quick tempered man. Kafka struggled with a strained relationship with his own abusive father, a struggle that he transformed into a literary theme permeating much of his artistic output. Much of Kafka鈥檚 life soaks into this work, much like the constant slamming doors he often complained of in his own household with his family.
Despite his transformation, what initially upsets Gregor most is that he is missing work. I felt this sting deep within myself, being the head of a household and barely making ends meet despite long hours. The burden of the working class is to be so dependant on a job as life-blood creating a system of guilt and depraved necessity that pulls us from bed to work despite any affliction; we must work, we must provide, we must survive. To stumble is to die, yet even staggering onward seems just a slow suicide climbing towards an unattainable surface from our pit of existence. Gregor feels this, the reader feels this, and Kafka鈥檚 magic has been unleashed. To fail to work is yet another failure in the eyes of the obdurate father, but also in a society that is built to enrich the upper classes on the blood and sweat of the working class and at their expense. At its very core, this story is a critique of capitalism and the absurdities of upholding such a system.
The father and the Father seem united in the character of the elder Samsa. Kafka himself struggled with his Jewish identity, made plain in his diaries. As points out in his exquisite 虏, the number three is pivotal to the understanding of the story.
鈥�All language is but a poor translation,鈥� said Kafka, made evident in Gregor鈥檚 failure to communicate in his new form. Communication is the cornerstone of understanding others, and being stripped of his voice severs his link to his family and humanity. 鈥�That was the voice of an animal,鈥� the office chief exclaims after Gregor attempts to communicate with them through language. With his loss of language, his family slowly ceases to view him as Gregor but as a dumb beast, easing them into letting go of their notions that he is still Gregor. He is now an unproductive, dumb hindrance to their lives and they begin to forget him and move on to a productive life of work and family without him. It is like an invalid aging relative, many continue to care for them out of respect for their memory, but the person slowly becomes a chore or a burden and not a human-being in their minds. Another view of Gregor in his new state is that of a person stricken by crushing depression or other mental or emotional ailments where those around them begin to view them by their illness and not their soul. They forget the person that is still there, the person they know and love, and dwell on the chasm forged between them. It is human nature, it makes it easier to cope. How many people walk away when times get tough, even abandon the ones they love because it is easier to convince yourself they are not the person you loved than it is to fight for them or fight for what was once had. Kafka鈥檚 genius is that he took a personal experience and related it as a universal parable with endless interpretations, each unique and equally valid as they blossom within each respective reader.
It is interesting that the story occasionally translates Samsa into a cockroach whereas has asserted that Samsa is, in fact, a beetle. Kafka and wrote him with an intentional vagueness. 鈥�Kafka wanted us to see Gregor鈥檚 new body and condition with the same hazy focus with which Gregor himself discovers them,鈥� theorizes translator
Rereading this story was a rewarding experience and I very much connected with it. Gregor was a traveling businessman, and I am a traveling delivery driver. The musings on the plight and unique depression of long hours in strange faraway places hit home, as well as the notion from everyone else that traveling in such a manner is some royal treat. Granted, I greatly enjoy the work and the freedom of being, essentially, a professional vagrant, yet there is a tinge of alienation being a person without an anchor, always on the move, always chasing a horizon. The feelings of guilt, of alienation, the struggles with family, everything range true plucking my heartstrings like a guitar to form a foreboding yet fantastic melody. Kafka is as relevant to the modern reader as he was in his own time with themes that illuminate us with their timeless insight into society and the individual.
4.5/5
I cannot make you understand. I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself.
鹿 There is an interesting recently published by the BBC on 鈥榯he German鈥檚 debt psyche鈥� and the cultural relationship between debt and guilt stemming from the word schuld.
虏 There is a wonderful film adaptation of Nabokov鈥檚 lectures with Christopher Plummer as Nabokov. You can watch it .
Gregor Samsa awakes one day, changed forever. How unpredictable is life, one moment leading to a new labyrinth of existence where forward is the only motion available, our scars and choices following us in a tuneless parade with few interested spectators. Despite our lives being a personal struggle, it is constantly judged, criticized and appraised by all those whom we encounter. Oh, the injuries we inflict upon one another. We alienate and assume instead of communicate, we fear differences and we yell when we should love. Strange how the ones we love tend to be the ones we hurt, or hurt us the most. Kafka鈥檚 classic story The Metamorphosis is an alarming tale of alienation and hurt that seems fantastical on the outside to house a bitter pill of reality that has roots in us all. What is most compelling about Kafka is his ability to construct a tale from personal anxiety and injury that broadcasts as a universal message to all that read it, honing in on the guilt, loneliness and frustration in every heart. Gregor鈥檚 terrifying tale of transformation is a powerful rendition of guilt and the failure to succeed in a father鈥檚 eyes that utilizes religious imagery and fantastical occurences to drive the knife into the reader鈥檚 heart and soul.
Gregor lives a life of solemn servitude to his job and, most importantly, his family. His job is a necessity to support a family whose debts accrued by the now-unemployed father are being repaid by the fruits of Gregor鈥檚 labor. While Gregor has provided the family with a modest home which he shares with them, the debt seems an unquenchable burden he can never fulfill. In the original German, the word schuld means both 鈥榙ebt鈥� and 鈥榞uilt鈥櫬�, a critical texture to the text ironed away by translation that opens a gateway of understanding Gregor鈥檚 father issues. There is the guilt at being unable to satisfy the father, to live up to the father, and the senior Samsa is a quick tempered man. Kafka struggled with a strained relationship with his own abusive father, a struggle that he transformed into a literary theme permeating much of his artistic output. Much of Kafka鈥檚 life soaks into this work, much like the constant slamming doors he often complained of in his own household with his family.
Despite his transformation, what initially upsets Gregor most is that he is missing work. I felt this sting deep within myself, being the head of a household and barely making ends meet despite long hours. The burden of the working class is to be so dependant on a job as life-blood creating a system of guilt and depraved necessity that pulls us from bed to work despite any affliction; we must work, we must provide, we must survive. To stumble is to die, yet even staggering onward seems just a slow suicide climbing towards an unattainable surface from our pit of existence. Gregor feels this, the reader feels this, and Kafka鈥檚 magic has been unleashed. To fail to work is yet another failure in the eyes of the obdurate father, but also in a society that is built to enrich the upper classes on the blood and sweat of the working class and at their expense. At its very core, this story is a critique of capitalism and the absurdities of upholding such a system.
The father and the Father seem united in the character of the elder Samsa. Kafka himself struggled with his Jewish identity, made plain in his diaries. As points out in his exquisite 虏, the number three is pivotal to the understanding of the story.
The story is divided into three parts. There are three doors to Gregor鈥檚 room. His family consists of three people. Three servants appear in the course of the story. Three lodgers have three beards. Three Samsas write three letters.Three, of course, representing the Holy Trinity (there are many other important details surrounding three, such as the clock tower striking three after Gregor retreats into his room, or Gregor standing on his three hind legs since the fourth was damaged beyond repair). The rejection and unfulfillment of the father is also Gregor鈥檚 failure to be valuable in the eyes of the Father, God, and perhaps this may be the cause of the unexplained (and rather unquestioned for the most part) transformation that has befallen the poor man. The fatal blow pinning Gregor to the ground like a crucified Christ (while this may be a slight stretch, there are other Christ-like references such as the sudden pain in Gregor's side much like the spear in the side while on the cross) is an Edenic apple thrown from the father, rotting and festering in him like our sins until we breath our last.
鈥�All language is but a poor translation,鈥� said Kafka, made evident in Gregor鈥檚 failure to communicate in his new form. Communication is the cornerstone of understanding others, and being stripped of his voice severs his link to his family and humanity. 鈥�That was the voice of an animal,鈥� the office chief exclaims after Gregor attempts to communicate with them through language. With his loss of language, his family slowly ceases to view him as Gregor but as a dumb beast, easing them into letting go of their notions that he is still Gregor. He is now an unproductive, dumb hindrance to their lives and they begin to forget him and move on to a productive life of work and family without him. It is like an invalid aging relative, many continue to care for them out of respect for their memory, but the person slowly becomes a chore or a burden and not a human-being in their minds. Another view of Gregor in his new state is that of a person stricken by crushing depression or other mental or emotional ailments where those around them begin to view them by their illness and not their soul. They forget the person that is still there, the person they know and love, and dwell on the chasm forged between them. It is human nature, it makes it easier to cope. How many people walk away when times get tough, even abandon the ones they love because it is easier to convince yourself they are not the person you loved than it is to fight for them or fight for what was once had. Kafka鈥檚 genius is that he took a personal experience and related it as a universal parable with endless interpretations, each unique and equally valid as they blossom within each respective reader.
It is interesting that the story occasionally translates Samsa into a cockroach whereas has asserted that Samsa is, in fact, a beetle. Kafka and wrote him with an intentional vagueness. 鈥�Kafka wanted us to see Gregor鈥檚 new body and condition with the same hazy focus with which Gregor himself discovers them,鈥� theorizes translator
Rereading this story was a rewarding experience and I very much connected with it. Gregor was a traveling businessman, and I am a traveling delivery driver. The musings on the plight and unique depression of long hours in strange faraway places hit home, as well as the notion from everyone else that traveling in such a manner is some royal treat. Granted, I greatly enjoy the work and the freedom of being, essentially, a professional vagrant, yet there is a tinge of alienation being a person without an anchor, always on the move, always chasing a horizon. The feelings of guilt, of alienation, the struggles with family, everything range true plucking my heartstrings like a guitar to form a foreboding yet fantastic melody. Kafka is as relevant to the modern reader as he was in his own time with themes that illuminate us with their timeless insight into society and the individual.
4.5/5
I cannot make you understand. I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself.
鹿 There is an interesting recently published by the BBC on 鈥榯he German鈥檚 debt psyche鈥� and the cultural relationship between debt and guilt stemming from the word schuld.
虏 There is a wonderful film adaptation of Nabokov鈥檚 lectures with Christopher Plummer as Nabokov. You can watch it .
May 13, 2020
there was a trend going around on tiktok for a while where girls would ask their boyfriends, 鈥榠f i were a worm, would you still date me?鈥� those girls are literally this MC, except gregor samsas tiktok would be him asking his family, 鈥榠f i were an insect, would you still love me?鈥� and the answer is a hard NO.
at face value, i found this to be a rather weird and super depressing story. and this book is a perfect example of why i have such a love/hate relationship with stories that are considered classics. i read for entertainment, so i generally prefer not having to analyse the text in order to get a full understanding of the story. and this is one that requires deep analysis. gosh, any reader could spend hours trying to interpret this novella. religiously, psychologically, socially - all are different interpretations this story could take. not to mention the influence of different translations. but i found that i just didnt care enough about the story to put in all that effort.
maybe one day i will take the time to figure out what it all truly means. if i do, i have no doubt i will be able to appreciate this story more, like many other readers. but as of right now, im just not in the mood.
鈫� 2.5 stars
at face value, i found this to be a rather weird and super depressing story. and this book is a perfect example of why i have such a love/hate relationship with stories that are considered classics. i read for entertainment, so i generally prefer not having to analyse the text in order to get a full understanding of the story. and this is one that requires deep analysis. gosh, any reader could spend hours trying to interpret this novella. religiously, psychologically, socially - all are different interpretations this story could take. not to mention the influence of different translations. but i found that i just didnt care enough about the story to put in all that effort.
maybe one day i will take the time to figure out what it all truly means. if i do, i have no doubt i will be able to appreciate this story more, like many other readers. but as of right now, im just not in the mood.
鈫� 2.5 stars
May 19, 2023
- "丕賱鬲丨賵賱"貙 丕賮囟賱 鬲乇噩賲丞 賲賲賰賳丞 賱賴匕賴 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞貙 丕賯乇亘 亘賰孬賷乇 賲賳 "丕賱賲爻禺" 丕賵 "丕賱丿賵丿丞" 丕賵 睾賷乇賴丕 賲賳 丕賱鬲乇噩賲丕鬲 賱兀賳賴丕 鬲囟乇亘 氐賱亘 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 賲亘丕卮乇丞: 賮賴匕賴 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 賱賷爻鬲 賮丕賳鬲丕夭賷丕 賵賱丕 禺賷丕賱 毓賱賲賷 賵賱丕 賰賵賲賷賰 亘賱 賴賷 賮賷 氐賱亘 賮賱爻賮丞 賰丕賮賰丕 賱賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞貙 鬲亘丕賷賳賴丕貙 鬲丨賵賱賴丕 賵鬲睾乇賾亘賴丕...
- "噩乇賷噩賵乇" 丕賱卮丕亘 丕賱賲孬丕亘乇貙 丕賱賳卮賷胤貙 丕賱亘丕乇 賵丕賱賲毓賷賱 賱毓丕卅賱鬲賴貙 丕賱匕賷 賱丕 賷賰賱 賵賱丕 賷賲賱 賮賷 爻亘賷賱賴賲 (丕賲 賵丕亘 賵丕禺鬲) 賵丕賱匕賷 賱丿賷賴 鬲胤賱毓丕鬲 賱丨賷丕丞 賰乇賷賲丞 賷毓賷卮賵賳賴丕.. 賷爻鬲賷賯馗 賮廿匕 亘賴 賯丿 鬲丨賵賱 丕賱賶 "丨卮乇丞" 丕賵 "賲爻禺"貙 賮賷氐胤丿賲 亘賳賮賵乇 丕賴賱賴 賵丕丨丿 賲爻丐賵賱賷 毓賲賱賴貙 賮賷賯亘毓 賮賷 睾乇賮鬲賴貙 賮賷 丕賱馗賱丕賲貙 鬲丨鬲 丕賱賰賳亘丞 賵鬲亘丿兀 丕賱賯氐丞 賵丕賱賲毓丕賳丕丞 賵丕賱廿賴賲丕賱 賵丕賱鬲賳氐賾賱 賲賳 丕賱賲卮丕毓乇貙 賵丕賱賱丕賲亘丕賱丕丞 賮丕賱廿爻鬲睾賳丕亍 賮鬲賲賳賷 丕賱毓丿賲 賲賳 丕噩賱 丕賰賲丕賱 丕賱丨賷丕丞 (丕賱兀賴賱) 賮丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱兀賱賷賲丞 賵丕賱賲鬲賵賯毓丞....
- 賴賱 賳丨賳 亘丨丕噩丞 賱賳鬲丨賵賱 賱丨卮乇丕鬲 賰賷 賳丿乇賰 賲丕 賰鬲亘賴 賰丕賮賰丕責! 亘丕賱鬲兀賰賷丿 賱丕貙 賮丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 亘胤亘毓賴 賳丕賰乇 賱賱噩賲賷賱 賵賲鬲賰賷賾賮 賲毓 丕賱賲鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 丕賱丕 賲丕 乇丨賲 乇亘賷貙 賮丕賱兀亘 丕賱匕賷 賷乇賲賷賴 丕亘賳丕丐賴 毓賱賶 丕賱胤乇賷賯 亘毓丿 丕賳 賰丿 賵鬲毓亘 胤賵丕賱 毓賲乇賴 賴賵 賴匕賴 丕賱丨卮乇丞貙 賵丕賱兀賲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲乇賲賶 丕賰乇丕賲丕賸 賱夭賵噩丞 賴賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱丨卮乇丞貙 賵丕賱兀禺鬲 賵丕賱兀禺....
- 爻賱賾胤 賰丕賮賰丕 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賶 賲丕 賳乇賷丿 丕賳 賳賮毓賱賴 賵賱丕 賷賲賰賳賳丕 賮毓賱賴貙 丕賵 賱丕 鬲禺賵賱賳丕 賯丿乇丕鬲賳丕 丕賱噩爻丿賷丞 賲賳 賮毓賱賴貙 賵賴匕丕 乇亘賲丕 賲丕 賷鬲賵丕賮賯 賲毓 丕賱賲孬賱 丕賱毓乇亘賷 (丕賱毓賷賳 亘氐賷乇丞 賵丕賱賷丿 賯氐賷乇丞)
- 賵噩賾賴 賰丕賮賰丕 丕賱賳賯丿 丕賷囟丕賸 賱賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 丕賱匕賷 賱丕 賷賴賲賴 爻賵賶 丕賱毓賲賱 賵丕賱毓賲賱貙 亘睾囟 丕賱賳馗乇 毓賳 氐丨丞 丕賱毓丕賲賱 賵乇兀賷賴 賵鬲毓亘賴貙 賰賲丕 爻賱賾胤 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賶 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 賵丕賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲 丕賱賲亘賳賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賳賮毓丞貙 賵賰賷賮 鬲賳賯胤毓 丕賱毓賱丕賯丞 亘爻賯賵胤 丕賱賲賳賮毓丞.
丕賱賳賯胤丞 丕賱乇丕卅毓丞 丕賱鬲賷 賵噩丿鬲賴丕 賴賷 賲丨丕賵賱丞 "噩乇賷噩賵乇" 丕賱鬲毓賱賯 亘廿賳爻丕賳賷鬲賴 賵賲賳毓 丕賲賴 賲賳 丕賳鬲夭丕毓 氐賵乇鬲賴 毓賳 丕賱丨丕卅胤 賰賲丨丕賵賱丞 賱廿亘賯丕亍 丕賱乇丕亘胤 賲丕 亘賷賳賴 賵賲丕 亘賷賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞 乇睾賲 毓亘孬賷丞 賴匕丕 丕賱乇丕亘胤... 賵賴匕丕 丕賱乇丕亘胤 賷賲賰賳 丕賳 賳毓丕賷賳賴 亘鬲毓賱賯 賰亘丕乇 丕賱爻賳 亘賲丕囟賷賴賲 丕賵 鬲毓賱賯 丕賱噩賳丿賷 亘亘夭鬲賴 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷丞 亘毓丿 丕賱鬲賯丕毓丿 丕賵 丕賵 ...
- 丕禺賷乇丕賸貙 賱賲丕匕丕 丕禺鬲丕乇 賰丕賮賰丕 丕賱丿賵丿丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲丨賵賱 賱賮乇丕卮丞責 賱賲丕 賱賲 賷禺鬲乇 丨卮乇丞 丕禺乇賶! 丕賴賵 賱賱賯賵賱 亘鬲丨乇乇 丕賱乇賵丨 賵丕賳胤賱丕賯 丕賱賮乇丕卮丞!責 丕賲 賱賱賯賵賱 亘乇睾賲 丕賱賲丌爻賷 賮賯丿 賷兀鬲賷 丕賱噩賲賷賱 賲賳 丕賱賯亘賷丨... 賱丕 丕丿乇賷
- "噩乇賷噩賵乇" 丕賱卮丕亘 丕賱賲孬丕亘乇貙 丕賱賳卮賷胤貙 丕賱亘丕乇 賵丕賱賲毓賷賱 賱毓丕卅賱鬲賴貙 丕賱匕賷 賱丕 賷賰賱 賵賱丕 賷賲賱 賮賷 爻亘賷賱賴賲 (丕賲 賵丕亘 賵丕禺鬲) 賵丕賱匕賷 賱丿賷賴 鬲胤賱毓丕鬲 賱丨賷丕丞 賰乇賷賲丞 賷毓賷卮賵賳賴丕.. 賷爻鬲賷賯馗 賮廿匕 亘賴 賯丿 鬲丨賵賱 丕賱賶 "丨卮乇丞" 丕賵 "賲爻禺"貙 賮賷氐胤丿賲 亘賳賮賵乇 丕賴賱賴 賵丕丨丿 賲爻丐賵賱賷 毓賲賱賴貙 賮賷賯亘毓 賮賷 睾乇賮鬲賴貙 賮賷 丕賱馗賱丕賲貙 鬲丨鬲 丕賱賰賳亘丞 賵鬲亘丿兀 丕賱賯氐丞 賵丕賱賲毓丕賳丕丞 賵丕賱廿賴賲丕賱 賵丕賱鬲賳氐賾賱 賲賳 丕賱賲卮丕毓乇貙 賵丕賱賱丕賲亘丕賱丕丞 賮丕賱廿爻鬲睾賳丕亍 賮鬲賲賳賷 丕賱毓丿賲 賲賳 丕噩賱 丕賰賲丕賱 丕賱丨賷丕丞 (丕賱兀賴賱) 賮丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 丕賱兀賱賷賲丞 賵丕賱賲鬲賵賯毓丞....
- 賴賱 賳丨賳 亘丨丕噩丞 賱賳鬲丨賵賱 賱丨卮乇丕鬲 賰賷 賳丿乇賰 賲丕 賰鬲亘賴 賰丕賮賰丕責! 亘丕賱鬲兀賰賷丿 賱丕貙 賮丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 亘胤亘毓賴 賳丕賰乇 賱賱噩賲賷賱 賵賲鬲賰賷賾賮 賲毓 丕賱賲鬲睾賷乇丕鬲 丕賱丕 賲丕 乇丨賲 乇亘賷貙 賮丕賱兀亘 丕賱匕賷 賷乇賲賷賴 丕亘賳丕丐賴 毓賱賶 丕賱胤乇賷賯 亘毓丿 丕賳 賰丿 賵鬲毓亘 胤賵丕賱 毓賲乇賴 賴賵 賴匕賴 丕賱丨卮乇丞貙 賵丕賱兀賲 丕賱鬲賷 鬲乇賲賶 丕賰乇丕賲丕賸 賱夭賵噩丞 賴賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱丨卮乇丞貙 賵丕賱兀禺鬲 賵丕賱兀禺....
- 爻賱賾胤 賰丕賮賰丕 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賶 賲丕 賳乇賷丿 丕賳 賳賮毓賱賴 賵賱丕 賷賲賰賳賳丕 賮毓賱賴貙 丕賵 賱丕 鬲禺賵賱賳丕 賯丿乇丕鬲賳丕 丕賱噩爻丿賷丞 賲賳 賮毓賱賴貙 賵賴匕丕 乇亘賲丕 賲丕 賷鬲賵丕賮賯 賲毓 丕賱賲孬賱 丕賱毓乇亘賷 (丕賱毓賷賳 亘氐賷乇丞 賵丕賱賷丿 賯氐賷乇丞)
- 賵噩賾賴 賰丕賮賰丕 丕賱賳賯丿 丕賷囟丕賸 賱賱賳馗丕賲 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 丕賱匕賷 賱丕 賷賴賲賴 爻賵賶 丕賱毓賲賱 賵丕賱毓賲賱貙 亘睾囟 丕賱賳馗乇 毓賳 氐丨丞 丕賱毓丕賲賱 賵乇兀賷賴 賵鬲毓亘賴貙 賰賲丕 爻賱賾胤 丕賱囟賵亍 毓賱賶 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 丕賱乇兀爻賲丕賱賷 賵丕賱毓賱丕賯丕鬲 丕賱賲亘賳賷丞 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賳賮毓丞貙 賵賰賷賮 鬲賳賯胤毓 丕賱毓賱丕賯丞 亘爻賯賵胤 丕賱賲賳賮毓丞.
丕賱賳賯胤丞 丕賱乇丕卅毓丞 丕賱鬲賷 賵噩丿鬲賴丕 賴賷 賲丨丕賵賱丞 "噩乇賷噩賵乇" 丕賱鬲毓賱賯 亘廿賳爻丕賳賷鬲賴 賵賲賳毓 丕賲賴 賲賳 丕賳鬲夭丕毓 氐賵乇鬲賴 毓賳 丕賱丨丕卅胤 賰賲丨丕賵賱丞 賱廿亘賯丕亍 丕賱乇丕亘胤 賲丕 亘賷賳賴 賵賲丕 亘賷賳 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞 乇睾賲 毓亘孬賷丞 賴匕丕 丕賱乇丕亘胤... 賵賴匕丕 丕賱乇丕亘胤 賷賲賰賳 丕賳 賳毓丕賷賳賴 亘鬲毓賱賯 賰亘丕乇 丕賱爻賳 亘賲丕囟賷賴賲 丕賵 鬲毓賱賯 丕賱噩賳丿賷 亘亘夭鬲賴 丕賱毓爻賰乇賷丞 亘毓丿 丕賱鬲賯丕毓丿 丕賵 丕賵 ...
- 丕禺賷乇丕賸貙 賱賲丕匕丕 丕禺鬲丕乇 賰丕賮賰丕 丕賱丿賵丿丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲鬲丨賵賱 賱賮乇丕卮丞責 賱賲丕 賱賲 賷禺鬲乇 丨卮乇丞 丕禺乇賶! 丕賴賵 賱賱賯賵賱 亘鬲丨乇乇 丕賱乇賵丨 賵丕賳胤賱丕賯 丕賱賮乇丕卮丞!責 丕賲 賱賱賯賵賱 亘乇睾賲 丕賱賲丌爻賷 賮賯丿 賷兀鬲賷 丕賱噩賲賷賱 賲賳 丕賱賯亘賷丨... 賱丕 丕丿乇賷
March 1, 2019
4* for the novella + 1* for Benedict Cumberbatch narration ( I adore his voice).
A family (mother, father and sister) are forced to become responsible and find jobs when the son, the sole provider of the family, has a sort of a disease and cannot work anymore. As he becomes useless he is marginalized and despised. I almost forgot, the disease is that the son wakes up in the morning as a cockroach.
Methamorphosis is considered one of the best books ever written which is quite remarkable considering its size. To succeed to have such an impact in a few pages is an accomplishment. At a first glance it is the story of Gregor Samsa, who wakes up transformed as a vermin and becomes treated like one by the family. As with great literature, and with Kafka in particular, there is more than meets the eye.
Some of the themes that come to my mind (and some that I read in other reviews) are:
- What happens when a person is no longer sociable acceptable and it becomes marginalized
- The novel can be seen as a critic of discrimination or
- Kafka鈥檚 own existential suffering and his alienation from the world ( I think some reading about Kafka鈥檚 life is needed to better understand his work).
- A fable of Jews鈥� condition
For a better and more in depth analysis of the novella please check Vladimir Nabokov鈥檚 contribution:
A family (mother, father and sister) are forced to become responsible and find jobs when the son, the sole provider of the family, has a sort of a disease and cannot work anymore. As he becomes useless he is marginalized and despised. I almost forgot, the disease is that the son wakes up in the morning as a cockroach.
Methamorphosis is considered one of the best books ever written which is quite remarkable considering its size. To succeed to have such an impact in a few pages is an accomplishment. At a first glance it is the story of Gregor Samsa, who wakes up transformed as a vermin and becomes treated like one by the family. As with great literature, and with Kafka in particular, there is more than meets the eye.
Some of the themes that come to my mind (and some that I read in other reviews) are:
- What happens when a person is no longer sociable acceptable and it becomes marginalized
- The novel can be seen as a critic of discrimination or
- Kafka鈥檚 own existential suffering and his alienation from the world ( I think some reading about Kafka鈥檚 life is needed to better understand his work).
- A fable of Jews鈥� condition
For a better and more in depth analysis of the novella please check Vladimir Nabokov鈥檚 contribution:
March 1, 2022
Kafka鈥檚 classic tale written in 1912 is about the changes that can come about in our lives. Up until the very end, the entire tale takes place in an apartment of a mother, father, son and daughter. The son is unfortunately unable to continue to perform his job as a traveling salesman and support his family financially. This abrupt change forces the father, mother and daughter to exert more energy in their lives and take steps to earn money. Here is a word about each member of the family:
The Father 鈥� At the beginning of the tale he is too worn out to even stand up straight and walk across the apartment without pausing. At the end, he stands up straight, combs his white hair neatly, wears a uniform smartly in his new job working for a bank and can take charge of family situations and challenges with authority.
The Mother 鈥� At the outset, she is weak and helpless. At the end, she does the household cooking and helps support her family through taking in sewing.
The Daughter 鈥� A wan stay-at-home at the beginning and a healthy out-in-the-world worker at the end. At the very end, this 17 year-old blossoms into an attractive young lady, a real catch for some lucky guy.
This Kafka tale is, in some important ways, the forerunner of such books as How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie.
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Of course, what I've written above is tongue-in-cheek. Not to be taken seriously!
Review of The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka ---- Take 2
If I didn鈥檛 write this 鈥楾ake 2鈥� I suspect my book review would be the first in nearly 100 years not to mention Gregor wakes up transformed into an enormous bug. Since there already so many reviews posted, I鈥檇 like to offer several brief observations:
鈥� What is it about our attempt to maintain the status quo? Gregor is transformed into a monstrous verminous bug and all he and his mother and father and sister can ask is: 鈥楬ow can we change things back to how they were?鈥�.
鈥� The objective 3rd person narrator lets us know directly that although Gregor鈥檚 body has transformed, he still has his human mind with its memories. Why does his family assume Gregor lost his human mind? If they wanted, they could simply ask him questions to find out. For example, 鈥楪regor, if you can understand what I am saying, move over to the right side of your room鈥�. This speaks volumes about how people are too narrow in their thinking to deal with life creatively and with imagination.
鈥� What adds to the eeriness of Kafka tale is Gregor鈥檚 metamorphosis is in stark contrast to the humdrum regularity of the family in their apartment. The possible exception is the absurdist scene at the beginning where Gregor鈥檚 manager knocks on the door and insists on knowing why Gregor missed the early morning train. This combination of these opposites is a stroke of genius.
鈥� The most insightful review of this Kafka tale I鈥檝e read is from Vladimir Nabokov ------ . Nabokov adjudged Kafka鈥檚 tale the greatest novel of the 20th century behind Joyce鈥檚 Ulysses.
May 19, 2024
this book has altered my brain chemistry 馃槶馃馃徎
August 2, 2021
Die Verwandlung = The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka
The Metamorphosis is a novella written by Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915.
One of Kafka's best-known works, The Metamorphosis tells the story of salesman Gregor Samsa who wakes one morning to find himself inexplicably transformed into a huge insect and subsequently struggling to adjust to this new condition.
The novella has been widely discussed among literary critics, with differing interpretations being offered.
The Hunter Gracchus is a short story by Franz Kafka.
The story presents a boat carrying the long-dead Hunter Gracchus as it arrives at a port.
The mayor of Riva meets Gracchus, who gives him an account of his death while hunting, and explains that he is destined to wander aimlessly and eternally over the seas.
An additional fragment presents an extended dialogue between Gracchus and an unnamed interviewer, presumably the same mayor.
鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 丿乇 爻丕賱 1974 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖貨 亘丕乇 丿蹖诏乇: 乇賵夭 丿賴賲 賲丕賴 賳賵丕賲亘乇 爻丕賱 1995 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 賲爻禺: 賳賵卮鬲賴: 賮乇丕賳鬲爻 讴丕賮讴丕貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 氐丕丿賯 賴丿丕蹖鬲貨 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 賯胤毓 噩蹖亘蹖 賵 卮丕賲賱 丿丕爻鬲丕賳賴丕蹖: 芦賲爻禺禄貨 芦诏乇丕讴賵爻 卮讴丕乇趩蹖禄貨 芦卮賲卮蹖乇禄貨 芦丿乇 讴賳蹖爻賴 賲丕禄貨
賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 鬲乇噩賲賴 賮丕乇爻蹖 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇貙 丕夭 賲鬲賳 芦賮乇丕賳爻賴禄 亘賴 賯賱賲 乇賵丕賳卮丕丿 芦氐丕丿賯 賴丿丕蹖鬲禄 賲賳鬲卮乇 卮丿貨 爻倬爻 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 亘丕賳賵 芦賮乇夭丕賳賴 胤丕賴乇蹖禄 丿乇 爻丕賱1358賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貙 鬲賵爻胤 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 賳蹖賱賵賮乇 丌賲丿貙 讴賴 丕夭 賲鬲賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴 亘賵丿貙 賵 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 蹖丕賮鬲貨 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 丿蹖诏乇蹖 乇丕 賳蹖夭貙 噩賳丕亘 芦毓賱蹖 丕氐睾乇 丨丿丕丿禄 丕夭 賲鬲賳 丕氐賱蹖貙 賵 丕夭 夭亘丕賳 芦丌賱賲丕賳蹖禄貙 鬲乇噩賲賴 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿貙 讴賴 賳卮乇 賲丕賴蹖 賲賳鬲卮乇 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲
賲賻爻禺 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 讴賵鬲丕賴蹖貙 丕夭 芦賮乇丕賳鬲爻 讴丕賮讴丕禄 丕爻鬲貨 讴賴 丿乇 賲丕賴 丕讴鬲亘乇 爻丕賱 1915賲蹖賱丕丿蹖貙 丿乇 芦賱丕蹖倬夭蹖诏禄貙 亘賴 趩丕倬 乇爻蹖丿貨 芦賲爻禺禄 丕夭 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 丌孬丕乇 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 賮丕賳鬲夭蹖 爻丿賴 亘蹖爻鬲賲 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲貙 讴賴 丿乇 丿丕賳卮讴丿賴鈥� 賴丕貙 賵 丌賲賵夭卮诏丕賴鈥� 賴丕蹖 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 爻乇丕爻乇 噩賴丕賳 睾乇亘貙 鬲丿乇蹖爻 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿乇亘丕乇賴 蹖 賮乇賵卮賳丿賴 蹖 噩賵丕賳蹖貙 亘賴 賳丕賲 芦诏乇诏賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕禄 丕爻鬲貨 讴賴 蹖讴 乇賵夭 氐亘丨貙 丕夭 禺賵丕亘 亘蹖丿丕乇貙 賵 賲鬲賵噩賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴賴 亘賴 蹖讴 丨卮乇賴 蹖 賳賮乇鬲鈥� 丕賳诏蹖夭 亘丿賱 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲貨 亘乇賴丕賳 賲爻禺 芦爻丕賲爻丕禄貙 丿乇 胤賵賱 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 亘丕夭诏賵 賳賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 禺賵丿 芦讴丕賮讴丕禄 賳蹖夭貙 賴蹖趩诏丕賴 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丌賳 卮乇丨蹖 賳丿丕丿賴 丕賳丿貨 賱丨賳 乇賵卮賳貙 賵 丿賯蹖賯 賵 乇爻賲蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 鬲囟丕丿蹖 丨蹖乇鬲 丕賳诏蹖夭 亘丕 賲賵囟賵毓 讴丕亘賵爻鈥屬堌ж� 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿丕乇丿貨 芦賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賳丕亘丕讴賵賮禄貙 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕蹖賳 丿丕爻鬲丕賳貙 诏賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲: 芦丕诏乇 讴爻蹖 賲爻禺 讴丕賮讴丕 乇丕貙 趩蹖夭蹖 亘蹖卮 丕夭 蹖讴 禺蹖丕賱鈥屬矩必ж槽� 丨卮乇賴鈥� 卮賳丕爻丕賳賴 亘丿丕賳丿貙 亘賴 丕賵 鬲亘乇蹖讴 賲蹖鈥屭堐屬呚� 趩賵賳 亘賴 氐賮 禺賵丕賳卮诏乇丕賳 禺賵亘 賵 亘夭乇诏 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 丕爻鬲禄貨 賲鬲乇噩賲 賲爻禺 亘丕賵乇 丿丕乇丿貙 讴賴 芦诏乇诏賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕禄 丿乇 賵丕賯毓貙 讴賳丕蹖賴鈥� 丕蹖 丕夭 卮禺氐蹖鬲 禺賵丿 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 (讴丕賮讴丕) 丕爻鬲
賳賯賱 丕夭 賲鬲賳 倬卮鬲 讴鬲丕亘: (賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 讴賲蹖丕亘蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿貙 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 亘丕乇貙 爻亘讴 賵 賮讴乇 賵 賲賵囟賵毓 鬲丕夭賴 丕蹖 乇丕貙 亘賴 賲蹖丕賳 賲蹖讴卮賳丿貙 亘賴 禺氐賵氐 賲毓賳蹖 噩丿蹖丿 賲蹖丌賵乇賳丿貨 讴賴 倬蹖卮 丕夭 丌賳賴丕 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 讴丕賮讴丕 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賴賳乇賲賳丿鬲乇蹖賳 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲賴貙 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 賲蹖丌蹖丿.貨 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 丕蹖 讴賴 亘丕 丿賳蹖丕蹖 讴丕賮讴丕 爻乇 賵 讴丕乇 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖讴賳丿貙 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖讴賴 禺乇丿 賵 禺蹖乇賴 卮丿賴貙 亘賴 爻賵蹖卮 讴卮蹖丿賴 賲蹖卮賵丿.貨 賴賲蹖賳讴賴 丕夭 丌爻鬲丕賳賴 蹖 丿賳蹖丕蹖卮 诏匕卮鬲貙 鬲兀孬蹖乇 丌賳乇丕 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 禺賵丿 丨爻 賲蹖讴賳丿貙 賵 倬蹖 賲蹖亘乇丿貙 讴賴 丿賳蹖丕 丌賳賯丿乇 賴賲 亘賳 亘爻鬲 賳亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲.)貨 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳賯賱
鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 26/05/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 10/05/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
The Metamorphosis is a novella written by Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915.
One of Kafka's best-known works, The Metamorphosis tells the story of salesman Gregor Samsa who wakes one morning to find himself inexplicably transformed into a huge insect and subsequently struggling to adjust to this new condition.
The novella has been widely discussed among literary critics, with differing interpretations being offered.
The Hunter Gracchus is a short story by Franz Kafka.
The story presents a boat carrying the long-dead Hunter Gracchus as it arrives at a port.
The mayor of Riva meets Gracchus, who gives him an account of his death while hunting, and explains that he is destined to wander aimlessly and eternally over the seas.
An additional fragment presents an extended dialogue between Gracchus and an unnamed interviewer, presumably the same mayor.
鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 丿乇 爻丕賱 1974 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖貨 亘丕乇 丿蹖诏乇: 乇賵夭 丿賴賲 賲丕賴 賳賵丕賲亘乇 爻丕賱 1995 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 賲爻禺: 賳賵卮鬲賴: 賮乇丕賳鬲爻 讴丕賮讴丕貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 氐丕丿賯 賴丿丕蹖鬲貨 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 賯胤毓 噩蹖亘蹖 賵 卮丕賲賱 丿丕爻鬲丕賳賴丕蹖: 芦賲爻禺禄貨 芦诏乇丕讴賵爻 卮讴丕乇趩蹖禄貨 芦卮賲卮蹖乇禄貨 芦丿乇 讴賳蹖爻賴 賲丕禄貨
賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 鬲乇噩賲賴 賮丕乇爻蹖 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇貙 丕夭 賲鬲賳 芦賮乇丕賳爻賴禄 亘賴 賯賱賲 乇賵丕賳卮丕丿 芦氐丕丿賯 賴丿丕蹖鬲禄 賲賳鬲卮乇 卮丿貨 爻倬爻 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 亘丕賳賵 芦賮乇夭丕賳賴 胤丕賴乇蹖禄 丿乇 爻丕賱1358賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貙 鬲賵爻胤 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 賳蹖賱賵賮乇 丌賲丿貙 讴賴 丕夭 賲鬲賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴 亘賵丿貙 賵 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 蹖丕賮鬲貨 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 丿蹖诏乇蹖 乇丕 賳蹖夭貙 噩賳丕亘 芦毓賱蹖 丕氐睾乇 丨丿丕丿禄 丕夭 賲鬲賳 丕氐賱蹖貙 賵 丕夭 夭亘丕賳 芦丌賱賲丕賳蹖禄貙 鬲乇噩賲賴 讴乇丿賴 丕賳丿貙 讴賴 賳卮乇 賲丕賴蹖 賲賳鬲卮乇 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲
賲賻爻禺 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 讴賵鬲丕賴蹖貙 丕夭 芦賮乇丕賳鬲爻 讴丕賮讴丕禄 丕爻鬲貨 讴賴 丿乇 賲丕賴 丕讴鬲亘乇 爻丕賱 1915賲蹖賱丕丿蹖貙 丿乇 芦賱丕蹖倬夭蹖诏禄貙 亘賴 趩丕倬 乇爻蹖丿貨 芦賲爻禺禄 丕夭 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 丌孬丕乇 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 賮丕賳鬲夭蹖 爻丿賴 亘蹖爻鬲賲 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲貙 讴賴 丿乇 丿丕賳卮讴丿賴鈥� 賴丕貙 賵 丌賲賵夭卮诏丕賴鈥� 賴丕蹖 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 爻乇丕爻乇 噩賴丕賳 睾乇亘貙 鬲丿乇蹖爻 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿乇亘丕乇賴 蹖 賮乇賵卮賳丿賴 蹖 噩賵丕賳蹖貙 亘賴 賳丕賲 芦诏乇诏賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕禄 丕爻鬲貨 讴賴 蹖讴 乇賵夭 氐亘丨貙 丕夭 禺賵丕亘 亘蹖丿丕乇貙 賵 賲鬲賵噩賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴賴 亘賴 蹖讴 丨卮乇賴 蹖 賳賮乇鬲鈥� 丕賳诏蹖夭 亘丿賱 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲貨 亘乇賴丕賳 賲爻禺 芦爻丕賲爻丕禄貙 丿乇 胤賵賱 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 亘丕夭诏賵 賳賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 禺賵丿 芦讴丕賮讴丕禄 賳蹖夭貙 賴蹖趩诏丕賴 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丌賳 卮乇丨蹖 賳丿丕丿賴 丕賳丿貨 賱丨賳 乇賵卮賳貙 賵 丿賯蹖賯 賵 乇爻賲蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 鬲囟丕丿蹖 丨蹖乇鬲 丕賳诏蹖夭 亘丕 賲賵囟賵毓 讴丕亘賵爻鈥屬堌ж� 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿丕乇丿貨 芦賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賳丕亘丕讴賵賮禄貙 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕蹖賳 丿丕爻鬲丕賳貙 诏賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲: 芦丕诏乇 讴爻蹖 賲爻禺 讴丕賮讴丕 乇丕貙 趩蹖夭蹖 亘蹖卮 丕夭 蹖讴 禺蹖丕賱鈥屬矩必ж槽� 丨卮乇賴鈥� 卮賳丕爻丕賳賴 亘丿丕賳丿貙 亘賴 丕賵 鬲亘乇蹖讴 賲蹖鈥屭堐屬呚� 趩賵賳 亘賴 氐賮 禺賵丕賳卮诏乇丕賳 禺賵亘 賵 亘夭乇诏 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 丕爻鬲禄貨 賲鬲乇噩賲 賲爻禺 亘丕賵乇 丿丕乇丿貙 讴賴 芦诏乇诏賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕禄 丿乇 賵丕賯毓貙 讴賳丕蹖賴鈥� 丕蹖 丕夭 卮禺氐蹖鬲 禺賵丿 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 (讴丕賮讴丕) 丕爻鬲
賳賯賱 丕夭 賲鬲賳 倬卮鬲 讴鬲丕亘: (賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 讴賲蹖丕亘蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿貙 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 亘丕乇貙 爻亘讴 賵 賮讴乇 賵 賲賵囟賵毓 鬲丕夭賴 丕蹖 乇丕貙 亘賴 賲蹖丕賳 賲蹖讴卮賳丿貙 亘賴 禺氐賵氐 賲毓賳蹖 噩丿蹖丿 賲蹖丌賵乇賳丿貨 讴賴 倬蹖卮 丕夭 丌賳賴丕 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲. 讴丕賮讴丕 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賴賳乇賲賳丿鬲乇蹖賳 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲賴貙 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 賲蹖丌蹖丿.貨 禺賵丕賳賳丿賴 丕蹖 讴賴 亘丕 丿賳蹖丕蹖 讴丕賮讴丕 爻乇 賵 讴丕乇 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖讴賳丿貙 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖讴賴 禺乇丿 賵 禺蹖乇賴 卮丿賴貙 亘賴 爻賵蹖卮 讴卮蹖丿賴 賲蹖卮賵丿.貨 賴賲蹖賳讴賴 丕夭 丌爻鬲丕賳賴 蹖 丿賳蹖丕蹖卮 诏匕卮鬲貙 鬲兀孬蹖乇 丌賳乇丕 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 禺賵丿 丨爻 賲蹖讴賳丿貙 賵 倬蹖 賲蹖亘乇丿貙 讴賴 丿賳蹖丕 丌賳賯丿乇 賴賲 亘賳 亘爻鬲 賳亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲.)貨 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳賯賱
鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 26/05/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 10/05/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
May 31, 2021
Some modern personal transformations are no less dramatic than those immortalized by 鈥�
On turning into the loathsome insect, Gregor Samsa actually acquired his authentic essential nature 鈥� his body just had come into accordance with his inner insectival self. In his new shape, his parents had no sympathy for him and for his sister he has become a kind of a pet.
Strange may it seem but Gregor鈥檚 metamorphosis had set his family free 鈥� everyone became more independent and his kin began to feel that they have some obligations.
Nonentity鈥檚 tragedy was just his own tragedy and when he disappeared, everyone could breathe easy.
It makes me wonder how many paltry insects are really hiding behind human masks.
One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible vermin. He lay on his armour-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked.
On turning into the loathsome insect, Gregor Samsa actually acquired his authentic essential nature 鈥� his body just had come into accordance with his inner insectival self. In his new shape, his parents had no sympathy for him and for his sister he has become a kind of a pet.
Strange may it seem but Gregor鈥檚 metamorphosis had set his family free 鈥� everyone became more independent and his kin began to feel that they have some obligations.
Gregor drew his head back from the door and lifted it to look at his father. Truly, this was not the father he had imagined to himself; admittedly he had been too absorbed of late in his new recreation of crawling over the ceiling to take the same interest as before in what was happening elsewhere in the flat, and he ought really to be prepared for some changes. And yet, and yet, could that be his father? The man who used to lie wearily sunk in bed whenever Gregor set out on a business journey; who welcomed him back of an evening lying in a long chair in a dressing gown; who could not really rise to his feet but only lifted his arms in greeting, and on the rare occasions when he did go out with his family, on one or two Sundays a year and on high holidays, walked between Gregor and his mother, who were slow walkers anyhow, even more slowly than they did, muffled in his old greatcoat, shuffling laboriously forward with the help of his crook-handled stick which he set down most cautiously at every step and, whenever he wanted to say anything, nearly always came to a full stop and gathered his escort around him? Now he was standing there in fine shape; dressed in a smart blue uniform with gold buttons, such as bank messengers wear; his strong double chin bulged over the stiff high collar of his jacket; from under his bushy eyebrows his black eyes darted fresh and penetrating glances; his onetime tangled white hair had been combed flat on either side of a shining and carefully exact parting.
Nonentity鈥檚 tragedy was just his own tragedy and when he disappeared, everyone could breathe easy.
It makes me wonder how many paltry insects are really hiding behind human masks.
August 17, 2017
丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 賱賴匕賴 丕賱賯氐丞 丕賱乇丕卅毓丞 .
鬲賯乇賷乇 賲賳 廿丨丿賶 丕賱噩乇丕卅丿 :
賮賷 丕賱爻丕毓丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 賲賳 賷賵賲 丕賱禺賲賷爻 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賵 噩丿 丕賱毓丕賲賱賵賳 賮賷 兀丨丿 丕賱賲賳丕噩賲 丕賱禺丕氐丞 賱廿爻鬲禺乇丕噩 丕賱賮丨賲 噩孬丞 賲鬲毓賮賳丞貙 賵 亘毓丿 丕爻鬲禺乇丕噩賴丕 亘氐毓賵亘丞 賵 爻胤 丕賱乇賵丕卅丨 丕賱賳鬲賳丞 丕賱賲鬲噩賲毓丞 賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱賲賰丕賳 鬲丨鬲 爻胤丨 丕賱兀乇囟 賵 賳賯賱賴丕 禺丕乇噩 丕賱賲賳噩賲 鬲毓乇賮 兀丨丿 丕賱毓丕賲賱賷賳 毓賱賶 丕賱噩孬丞. 賵 賴賷 鬲毓賵丿 賱賱毓丕賲賱 乇賯賲 536 丕賱賲丿毓賵 (....) 賲賳 (....) .賵 賴賵 卮禺氐 賮賷 丕賱兀乇亘毓賷賳賷丕鬲 賲賳 毓賲乇賴 . 氐乇丨 兀丨丿 丕賱毓丕賲賱賷賳 毓賱賶 兀賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丨賵丕丿孬 賵 丕賱賵賮賷丕鬲 鬲丨丿孬 亘丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇 ..賱兀賳 丕賱賲賱丕賰 賷賳馗乇賵賳 廿賱賶 丕賱毓丕賲賱賷賳 毓賱賶 兀賳賴賲.. 丨卮乇丕鬲 ..禺賱賯鬲 賱鬲爻鬲睾賱
賲丨丕賵賱丞 丕賳鬲丨丕乇 賮丕卮賱丞 :
卮賴丿鬲 丿丕乇 丕賱賲爻賳賷賳 兀賵 賲丕 賷爻賲賶 亘丕賱賲乇賰夭 丕賱賵胤賳賷 賱賱鬲賰賮賱 亘丕賱毓噩丕卅夭 賵 丕賱卮賷賵禺 丨丕丿孬丞 睾乇賷亘丞 .. 丨賷孬 賯丕賲 兀丨丿 丕賱賲爻賳賷賳 亘毓賲賱賷丞 丕賳鬲丨丕乇 毓亘乇 卮賳賯 賳賮爻賴貙 賵 賱賰賳 丕賱毓賲賱賷丞 賮卮賱鬲 亘毓丿 丕賱鬲丿禺賱 丕賱爻乇賷毓 賲賳 胤乇賮 兀丨丿 毓賲丕賱 丕賱賳馗丕賮丞 . 賵 賷乇賵賷 氐丿賷賯 賴匕丕 丕賱毓噩賵夭 兀賳 丕賱賲丿毓賵 (....) 賰丕賳 賷毓丕賳賷 賲賳 囟睾賵胤 賳賮爻賷丞 乇賴賷亘丞 噩乇丕亍 廿賱鬲丨丕賯賴 亘賴匕丕 丕賱賲乇賰夭 .. 賮賴賵 賮賷 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賰丕賳 乇噩賱丕 賳卮賷胤丕 .. 睾賳賷丕 賳賵毓丕 賲丕 .. 賮毓丕賱丕 賮賷 賲噩鬲賲毓賴 .. 賱丕 賷鬲賵賯賮 毓賳 丕賱丨乇賰丞 .. 賵 賱賰賳賾賴 賵噩丿 賳賮爻賴 賮賷 丌禺乇 毓賲乇賴 賲賳亘賵匕丕 丿丕禺賱 賴匕丕 丕賱賳賵毓 賲賳 丕賱賲乇丕賰夭 .賵 兀囟丕賮 丕賱毓噩賵夭 毓賱賶 兀賳 氐丿賷賯賴 賰丕賳 賷毓鬲賯丿 亘兀賳賴.. 丨卮乇丞 賲賳亘賵匕丞 .. 丨卮乇丞 丕爻鬲睾賳賷 毓賳賴丕 毓賳丿 兀賵賱 廿卮丕乇丞 囟毓賮 .. 丨卮乇丞 賯丿賲鬲 丕賱睾丕賱賷 賵 丕賱賳賮賷爻 賱賲噩鬲賲毓賴丕 賵 賱賰賳 賯丕亘賱賴丕 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 亘丕賱賳亘匕 賵 丕賱廿亘毓丕丿 .
賲賯胤毓 賲賳 賮賷賱賲 氐乇禺丞 賳賲賱丞 :
- 丕賳丕 賳賲賱赖 廿鬲禺賱賯鬲 毓賱卮丕賳 賰賱 賵丕丨丿 賷丿賵爻 毓賱賷賴丕..
- 賳睾賷乇 丕賱賴鬲丕賮 賲賳 鬲爻賯胤 丕賱丨賰賵賲賴 丕賱賷 " 廿丨賳丕 丕賱賳賲賱 賮賷賳 丕賱爻賰乇"
- 乇噩賱 丕賱兀賲賳 賷賳氐丨 : 鬲毓賷卮 賳賲賱赖 鬲丕賰賱 爻賰乇
鬲賯乇賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲賳馗賲丞 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞 賱丨賯賵賯 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 :
兀賮丕丿鬲 廿丨丿賶 丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 毓賳 鬲兀孬賷乇 丕賱丨乇賵亘 毓賱賶 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賱賷爻 噩爻丿賷丕 兀賵 賳賮爻賷丕 賮賯胤 .. 亘賱 賴賵 兀毓賲賯 賲賳 賴匕丕 亘賰孬賷乇貙 賮賴賵
賷丐孬乇 毓賱賶 丕賱乇賵丨 賵 賷賱丕賲爻賴丕貙 鬲賱賰 丕賱乇賵丨 丕賱鬲賷 鬲卮毓乇 賮賷 夭賲賳 丕賱丨乇賵亘 亘丕賱賱丕噩丿賵賶 丕賱賳丕鬲噩丞 毓賳 丨亘 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賵 丕賱鬲賲爻賰 亘賴丕 .. 賮丕賱賳賯賷囟 賷賵賱丿 丕賱賳賯賷囟 兀丨賷丕賳丕 . 賰賲丕 兀賮丕丿鬲 賴匕賴 丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲 毓賱賶 兀賳 丕賱噩賳賵丿 .. 兀賷 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱兀禺賷乇丞 賵 丕賱丿乇噩丞 丕賱爻賮賱賶 賲賳 爻賱賲 丕賱賲乇丕鬲亘 賮賷 丕賱噩賷卮 鬲賰孬乇 賮賷賴賲 馗丕賴乇丞 丕賱廿賳鬲丨丕乇貙 賳鬲賷噩丞 卮毓賵乇賴賲 亘兀賳賴賲 亘賷丕丿賯 賮賷 兀賷丿賷 賰亘丕乇 丕賱賯賵丕丿 , 丨卮乇丕鬲 賷夭噩 亘賴丕 賮賷 丨乇賵亘 賱丕 賳丕賯丞 賱賴賲 賮賷賴丕 賵 賱丕 噩賲賱 .
賲賯鬲胤賮丕鬲 賲賳 廿丨丿賶 丕賱禺胤亘 :
廿賳 丕賱賵囟毓 丕賱毓乇亘賷 丕賱乇丕賴賳 丕賳鬲賯賱 賲賳 賲乇丨賱丞 丕賱禺乇賮丕賳 賵 丕賱賳毓丕噩 兀賷 賰賲丕 賯丕賱 兀賳卮鬲丕賷賳 " 賱賰賷 賷鬲賲賰賳 丕賱賲乇亍 賲賳 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 毓囟賵丕 賲孬丕賱賷丕 賮賷 賯胤賷毓 丕賱睾賳賲貙 賮廿賳 毓賱賷賴 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賯賱 賳毓噩丞 " 廿賱賶 賲乇丨賱丞 丕賱丨卮乇丕鬲.. 賳毓賲 廿賳賳丕 丕賱賷賵賲 丨卮乇丕鬲 鬲丿丕爻 亘丕賱兀賯丿丕賲 賵 鬲爻鬲賴丿賮 亘丕賱賳毓丕賱 .. 廿賳賳丕 丕賱賷賵賲 丨卮乇丕鬲 賵噩賵丿賴丕 囟丕乇 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賴賲 .. 賮賴賲 賷鬲賲賳賵賳 賲賳丕 兀賳 賳爻丨賯 賵 賳亘賷丿 毓賳 丌禺乇賳丕 .
廿賯鬲亘丕爻 賲賳 乇賵丕賷丞 :
丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 睾乇賷睾賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕 匕丕鬲 氐亘丕丨 賲賳 兀丨賱丕賲 賲夭毓噩丞貙 賵噩丿 賳賮爻賴 賵 賯丿 鬲丨賵賱 賮賷 賮乇丕卮賴 廿賱賶 丨卮乇丞 囟禺賲丞
賲賱丕丨馗丞 賵 廿爻鬲賳鬲丕噩 :
丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 毓丕賲賱 丕賱賲賳噩賲 .. 丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 丕賱賲爻賳 .. 丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 丕賱噩賳丿賷 .. 丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 丕賱賲賵丕胤賳 丕賱毓乇亘賷 .. 丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 丕賱禺丕丿賲 賮賷 丕賱賲賳夭賱 .. 丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 丕賱賮賯賷乇 丕賱賲毓賵夭.. 匕丕鬲 氐亘丕丨 賵 噩丿賵丕 兀賳賮爻賴賲 賵 賯丿 鬲丨賵賱賵丕 賮賷 賮乇丕卮賴賲 廿賱賶 丨卮乇丕鬲 囟禺賲丞 .
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丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨卮乇丞..丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 賵丕丨丿 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賰賱賴
赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌赌
鬲丨爻 賮噩兀丞 兀賳賰 鬲賱賯賷鬲 囟乇亘丞 毓賱賶 丕賱乇兀爻 亘毓丿 賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕賴 丕賱賯氐丞 .. 賱丕 .. 賱賲 鬲毓丿 賰賲丕 賰賳鬲 .. 賱爻鬲 兀賳鬲 .. 賱賲 鬲毓丿 兀賳鬲..賴賳丕賱賰 卮賷卅 賲丕 鬲睾賷乇..賱丕 兀丿乇賷 乇亘賲丕 賳馗乇丞..乇亘賲丕 廿丨爻丕爻 .. 卮毓賵乇 .. 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 .. 鬲毓乇賷賮..賱丕 兀丿乇賷 賵 賱賳 鬲丿乇賷 .. 賴匕丕 賴賵 賰丕賮賰丕 賵 賰鬲丕亘丕鬲賴 丕賱鬲賷 賴夭鬲 丕賱毓丕賱賲 .
" 丌賴 賷丕 廿賱賴賷 廿賳賴丕 賵馗賷賮丞 賲賳賴賰丞貙 丕賱胤賵丕賮 賮賷 丕賱亘賱丕丿 賷賵賲丕 亘毓丿 賷賵賲 .廿賳 廿夭毓丕噩丕鬲 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賲賱 兀賰亘乇 賲賳 廿夭毓丕噩丕鬲 丕賱毓賲賱 賮賷 丕賱賲丨賱 丕賱兀氐賱賷貙 賵 賮賵賯 賰賱 匕賱賰 賮乇囟 毓賱賷 毓賳丕亍 丕賱爻賮乇 賵 賴賳丕賰 丕賱禺賵賮 賲賳 毓丿賲 丕賱賱丨丕賯 亘丕賱賯胤丕乇丕鬲貙 賵 賴賳丕賰 賵噩亘丕鬲 丕賱胤毓丕賲 丕賱乇丿賷卅丞 賵 丕賱睾賷乇 賲賳鬲馗賲丞貙 賵 丕賱廿鬲氐丕賱丕鬲 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞 丕賱賲鬲亘丿賱丞 丿丕卅賲丕貙 睾賷乇 賲鬲賵丕氐賱丞 兀亘丿丕貙 賵 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲氐亘丨 賵丿賷丞 賯胤 賮賱賷兀禺匕 ( 丕賱卮賷胤丕賳 ) 匕賱賰 賰賱賴 "
" 毓賱賷 兀賳 兀噩賲毓 丕賱賲丕賱 .. 賰賷 兀爻丿丿 賱賴 丿賷賳 丕賱賵丕賱丿賷賳貙 兀毓賱賲 兀賳 賴匕丕 賷爻鬲睾乇賯 禺賲爻 兀賵 爻鬲 爻賳賵丕鬲 兀禺乇賶 丨鬲賶 兀賯賵賲 亘匕賱賰 毓賱賶 兀賷 丨丕賱 "
" 亘丕賱乇睾賲 兀賳 睾乇賷睾賵乇 兀氐亘丨 賮賷賲丕 亘毓丿 賷賰爻亘 賲賳 丕賱賲丕賱 賲丕 噩毓賱賴 賷鬲丨賲賱 賳賮賯丕鬲 丕賱兀爻乇丞 亘賰丕賲賱賴丕貙 賵 鬲丨賲賱賴丕 兀賷囟丕 . 賵 賯丿 丕毓鬲丕丿賵丕 匕賱賰貙 睾乇賷睾賵乇 賵 丕賱兀爻乇丞 賰丕賳 賴賵 賷毓胤賷 丕賱賲丕賱 亘爻乇賵乇貙 賵 賴賲 賷賯亘賱賵賳賴 亘毓乇賮丕賳貙 賵 賱賰賳 卮毓賵乇丕禺丕氐丕 亘丕賱丿賮亍 賱賲 賷卮兀 兀賳 賷賳卮兀 賱丨丿 丕賱丌賳 . "
丕爻鬲賱賯賶 睾乇賷睾賵乇 毓賱賶 爻乇賷乇賴 賲賳賴賰丕 .. 賲鬲兀賱賲丕 賲賳 賰孬乇丞 丕賱賲卮賷 .. 賷毓丕賳賷 賲賳 兀賱賲 賮賷 亘胤賳賴 亘爻亘亘 賵噩亘丞 乇丿賷卅丞 .. 丕爻鬲賱賯賶 賵 賴賵 賷賮賰乇 賮賷 賰賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱兀賲賵乇 .. 丕賱丿賷賳 .. 丕賱毓賲賱 .. 賲賵毓丿 丕賱賯胤丕乇丕鬲 丕賱氐亘丕丨賷丞 .. 丕賱賲亘賷毓丕鬲 .. 丨丕賱 丕賱兀爻乇丞 .. 丕賱禺賵賮 賲賳 丕賱鬲賯賱亘丕鬲 .. 丕賱鬲毓亘 .. 丕賱胤毓丕賲 .. 丕賱鬲丨丕賯 丕禺鬲賴 亘賲毓賴丿 丕賱賮賳賵賳 .. 丕賱賳丕爻 .. 賵 亘賷賳賲丕 賴賵 賮賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱丨丕賱丞 賵 匕賱賰 丕賱毓丕賱賲 .. 毓丕賱賲 賲丕 賯亘賱 丕賱賳賵賲 ..鬲氐賵乇 賳賮爻賴 賰丨卮乇丞 囟禺賲丞 .. 鬲丐丿賷 毓賲賱賴丕 丕賱乇賵鬲賷賳賷 丕賱賷賵賲賷 丿賵賳 賲卮丕毓乇 .. 賳丕賲 .. 賵 毓賳丿賲丕 丕爻鬲賷賯馗 賵噩丿 賳賮爻賴 賵 賯丿 鬲丨賵賱 廿賱賶 丨卮乇丞 兀賵 賵噩丿 賳賮爻賴 賰賲丕 賷毓乇賮賴丕 噩賷丿丕 丨卮乇丞 囟禺賲丞 .
丨賷賳 賳丿禺賱 廿賱賶 匕丕鬲 兀賳賮爻賳丕貙 賱賱賯丕亍 賲毓賴丕貙 賲丕 賷亘賯賶 禺丕乇噩賳丕 賴賵 丕賱丨賷賵丕賳: 噩賲賱丞 兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱丿丕亘丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲卮賷 鬲丨鬲賳丕 丿賵賳 兀賳 鬲賰賵賳 賳丨賳 賮丨賷賳 賳賳丕賲 賳丨賳 賳鬲乇賰 兀噩爻丕丿賳丕 禺丕乇噩賳丕. 賵賱丕 賳丨賲賱 賲毓賳丕 卮賷卅賸丕 廿賱賶 丕賱丿丕禺賱貙 睾賷乇 匕賵丕鬲賳丕.
丨卮乇丞 賮賷 毓丕賱賲 廿賳爻丕賳賷 .. 兀賲 廿賳爻丕賳 賮賷 毓丕賱賲 丕賱丨卮乇丕鬲 兀囟丨賶 睾乇賷睾賵乇 賵 兀氐亘丨 亘毓丿 丕爻鬲賷賯丕馗賴 責責
亘賷賳 噩丿乇丕賳 睾乇賮鬲賴 賷睾鬲乇亘 賵丨丿賴 .. 賵 賱賰賳 賲丕 丕賱噩丿賷丿 賮賷 匕賱賰 賵 賲丕 丕賱睾乇賮丞 賵 丕賱毓丕賱賲 兀噩賲毓 爻賵賶 丨丿賵丿 賵賴賲賷丞 .. 賮賴賵 賯亘賱 賴匕丕 賰丕賳 賵丨賷丿丕 鬲賲丕賲丕 賮賷 丕賱卮丕乇毓 賮賷 丕賱賲丨胤丞 .. 賮賷 丕賱賮賳丕丿賯 丕賱乇禺賷氐丞 .. 賮賷 丕賱毓賲賱 .
賷噩亘 兀賳 賳鬲禺賱氐 賲賳賴 .. 賴賰匕丕 氐乇禺鬲 丕賱兀禺鬲 賵丕賳鬲丨亘鬲 .. 賲賳 賲賳丕 賯丕丿乇 毓賱賶 丕賱廿賴鬲賲丕賲 亘賴.. 兀賳丕 賱丕 兀爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱廿丨鬲賲丕賱 賵 兀賳鬲 賷丕 兀賲賷 賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤毓賷賳 丕賱廿丨鬲賲丕賱 賵 兀賳鬲 賷丕 兀亘鬲 賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱廿丨鬲賲丕賱 .. 賰賱賳丕 賱丕 賳爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱廿丨鬲賲丕賱..賳丨賳 兀爻乇丞 賲賳賴賰丞 .. 賮賯賷乇丞 ..
賲賳 賲賳丕 賯丕丿乇 毓賱賶 丕賱廿賴鬲賲丕賲 亘睾乇賷睾賵乇 丕賴鬲賲丕賲丕 賷夭賷丿 賵賱賵 匕乇丞 賵丕丨丿丞 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賯丿丕乇 丕賱囟乇賵乇賷 責
賲丕鬲 睾乇賷睾賵乇.. 賰賲丕 賲丕鬲鬲 賲卮丕毓乇 丕賱丌禺乇賷賳 丕鬲噩丕賴賴 .. 賰賲丕 賲丕鬲鬲 毓丕胤賮鬲賴賲 賵 氐亘乇賴賲 .. 賰賲丕 賲丕鬲鬲 廿賳爻丕賳賷鬲賴賲 .
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賲丕鬲 睾乇賷睾賵乇.. 兀賵 .. 賱賲 賷賲鬲 賱兀賳賴 賲丕夭丕賱 丨賷丕 賮賷 兀爻乇 賰孬賷乇丞 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲..
賱兀賳 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 賵丕丨丿 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賰賱賴
睾乇賷睾賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕 賱賲 賷賲鬲..亘賱 賲丕夭丕賱 丨賷丕 賮賷 兀爻乇 賰孬賷乇丞 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲..亘賱 賴賵 賲賵噩賵丿 丿丕禺賱賳丕 賵 廿賳 丕禺鬲賱賮鬲 丿乇噩丕鬲 賵噩賵丿賴 賵賵囟賵丨賴丕..睾乇賷睾賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕 賲丕 賴賵 廿賱丕 兀賳丕 賵 兀賳鬲 .
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賰丕賮賰丕 賵丕丨丿 賲賳 兀毓馗賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 .
鬲賯乇賷乇 賲賳 廿丨丿賶 丕賱噩乇丕卅丿 :
賮賷 丕賱爻丕毓丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 賲賳 賷賵賲 丕賱禺賲賷爻 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賵 噩丿 丕賱毓丕賲賱賵賳 賮賷 兀丨丿 丕賱賲賳丕噩賲 丕賱禺丕氐丞 賱廿爻鬲禺乇丕噩 丕賱賮丨賲 噩孬丞 賲鬲毓賮賳丞貙 賵 亘毓丿 丕爻鬲禺乇丕噩賴丕 亘氐毓賵亘丞 賵 爻胤 丕賱乇賵丕卅丨 丕賱賳鬲賳丞 丕賱賲鬲噩賲毓丞 賮賷 匕賱賰 丕賱賲賰丕賳 鬲丨鬲 爻胤丨 丕賱兀乇囟 賵 賳賯賱賴丕 禺丕乇噩 丕賱賲賳噩賲 鬲毓乇賮 兀丨丿 丕賱毓丕賲賱賷賳 毓賱賶 丕賱噩孬丞. 賵 賴賷 鬲毓賵丿 賱賱毓丕賲賱 乇賯賲 536 丕賱賲丿毓賵 (....) 賲賳 (....) .賵 賴賵 卮禺氐 賮賷 丕賱兀乇亘毓賷賳賷丕鬲 賲賳 毓賲乇賴 . 氐乇丨 兀丨丿 丕賱毓丕賲賱賷賳 毓賱賶 兀賳 賴匕賴 丕賱丨賵丕丿孬 賵 丕賱賵賮賷丕鬲 鬲丨丿孬 亘丕爻鬲賲乇丕乇 ..賱兀賳 丕賱賲賱丕賰 賷賳馗乇賵賳 廿賱賶 丕賱毓丕賲賱賷賳 毓賱賶 兀賳賴賲.. 丨卮乇丕鬲 ..禺賱賯鬲 賱鬲爻鬲睾賱
賲丨丕賵賱丞 丕賳鬲丨丕乇 賮丕卮賱丞 :
卮賴丿鬲 丿丕乇 丕賱賲爻賳賷賳 兀賵 賲丕 賷爻賲賶 亘丕賱賲乇賰夭 丕賱賵胤賳賷 賱賱鬲賰賮賱 亘丕賱毓噩丕卅夭 賵 丕賱卮賷賵禺 丨丕丿孬丞 睾乇賷亘丞 .. 丨賷孬 賯丕賲 兀丨丿 丕賱賲爻賳賷賳 亘毓賲賱賷丞 丕賳鬲丨丕乇 毓亘乇 卮賳賯 賳賮爻賴貙 賵 賱賰賳 丕賱毓賲賱賷丞 賮卮賱鬲 亘毓丿 丕賱鬲丿禺賱 丕賱爻乇賷毓 賲賳 胤乇賮 兀丨丿 毓賲丕賱 丕賱賳馗丕賮丞 . 賵 賷乇賵賷 氐丿賷賯 賴匕丕 丕賱毓噩賵夭 兀賳 丕賱賲丿毓賵 (....) 賰丕賳 賷毓丕賳賷 賲賳 囟睾賵胤 賳賮爻賷丞 乇賴賷亘丞 噩乇丕亍 廿賱鬲丨丕賯賴 亘賴匕丕 丕賱賲乇賰夭 .. 賮賴賵 賮賷 丕賱賲丕囟賷 賰丕賳 乇噩賱丕 賳卮賷胤丕 .. 睾賳賷丕 賳賵毓丕 賲丕 .. 賮毓丕賱丕 賮賷 賲噩鬲賲毓賴 .. 賱丕 賷鬲賵賯賮 毓賳 丕賱丨乇賰丞 .. 賵 賱賰賳賾賴 賵噩丿 賳賮爻賴 賮賷 丌禺乇 毓賲乇賴 賲賳亘賵匕丕 丿丕禺賱 賴匕丕 丕賱賳賵毓 賲賳 丕賱賲乇丕賰夭 .賵 兀囟丕賮 丕賱毓噩賵夭 毓賱賶 兀賳 氐丿賷賯賴 賰丕賳 賷毓鬲賯丿 亘兀賳賴.. 丨卮乇丞 賲賳亘賵匕丞 .. 丨卮乇丞 丕爻鬲睾賳賷 毓賳賴丕 毓賳丿 兀賵賱 廿卮丕乇丞 囟毓賮 .. 丨卮乇丞 賯丿賲鬲 丕賱睾丕賱賷 賵 丕賱賳賮賷爻 賱賲噩鬲賲毓賴丕 賵 賱賰賳 賯丕亘賱賴丕 丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓 亘丕賱賳亘匕 賵 丕賱廿亘毓丕丿 .
賲賯胤毓 賲賳 賮賷賱賲 氐乇禺丞 賳賲賱丞 :
- 丕賳丕 賳賲賱赖 廿鬲禺賱賯鬲 毓賱卮丕賳 賰賱 賵丕丨丿 賷丿賵爻 毓賱賷賴丕..
- 賳睾賷乇 丕賱賴鬲丕賮 賲賳 鬲爻賯胤 丕賱丨賰賵賲賴 丕賱賷 " 廿丨賳丕 丕賱賳賲賱 賮賷賳 丕賱爻賰乇"
- 乇噩賱 丕賱兀賲賳 賷賳氐丨 : 鬲毓賷卮 賳賲賱赖 鬲丕賰賱 爻賰乇
鬲賯乇賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賲賳馗賲丞 丕賱毓丕賱賲賷丞 賱丨賯賵賯 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 :
兀賮丕丿鬲 廿丨丿賶 丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲 丕賱丨丿賷孬丞 毓賳 鬲兀孬賷乇 丕賱丨乇賵亘 毓賱賶 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 賱賷爻 噩爻丿賷丕 兀賵 賳賮爻賷丕 賮賯胤 .. 亘賱 賴賵 兀毓賲賯 賲賳 賴匕丕 亘賰孬賷乇貙 賮賴賵
賷丐孬乇 毓賱賶 丕賱乇賵丨 賵 賷賱丕賲爻賴丕貙 鬲賱賰 丕賱乇賵丨 丕賱鬲賷 鬲卮毓乇 賮賷 夭賲賳 丕賱丨乇賵亘 亘丕賱賱丕噩丿賵賶 丕賱賳丕鬲噩丞 毓賳 丨亘 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賵 丕賱鬲賲爻賰 亘賴丕 .. 賮丕賱賳賯賷囟 賷賵賱丿 丕賱賳賯賷囟 兀丨賷丕賳丕 . 賰賲丕 兀賮丕丿鬲 賴匕賴 丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲 毓賱賶 兀賳 丕賱噩賳賵丿 .. 兀賷 丕賱胤亘賯丞 丕賱兀禺賷乇丞 賵 丕賱丿乇噩丞 丕賱爻賮賱賶 賲賳 爻賱賲 丕賱賲乇丕鬲亘 賮賷 丕賱噩賷卮 鬲賰孬乇 賮賷賴賲 馗丕賴乇丞 丕賱廿賳鬲丨丕乇貙 賳鬲賷噩丞 卮毓賵乇賴賲 亘兀賳賴賲 亘賷丕丿賯 賮賷 兀賷丿賷 賰亘丕乇 丕賱賯賵丕丿 , 丨卮乇丕鬲 賷夭噩 亘賴丕 賮賷 丨乇賵亘 賱丕 賳丕賯丞 賱賴賲 賮賷賴丕 賵 賱丕 噩賲賱 .
賲賯鬲胤賮丕鬲 賲賳 廿丨丿賶 丕賱禺胤亘 :
廿賳 丕賱賵囟毓 丕賱毓乇亘賷 丕賱乇丕賴賳 丕賳鬲賯賱 賲賳 賲乇丨賱丞 丕賱禺乇賮丕賳 賵 丕賱賳毓丕噩 兀賷 賰賲丕 賯丕賱 兀賳卮鬲丕賷賳 " 賱賰賷 賷鬲賲賰賳 丕賱賲乇亍 賲賳 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 毓囟賵丕 賲孬丕賱賷丕 賮賷 賯胤賷毓 丕賱睾賳賲貙 賮廿賳 毓賱賷賴 兀賳 賷賰賵賳 毓賱賶 丕賱兀賯賱 賳毓噩丞 " 廿賱賶 賲乇丨賱丞 丕賱丨卮乇丕鬲.. 賳毓賲 廿賳賳丕 丕賱賷賵賲 丨卮乇丕鬲 鬲丿丕爻 亘丕賱兀賯丿丕賲 賵 鬲爻鬲賴丿賮 亘丕賱賳毓丕賱 .. 廿賳賳丕 丕賱賷賵賲 丨卮乇丕鬲 賵噩賵丿賴丕 囟丕乇 亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賴賲 .. 賮賴賲 賷鬲賲賳賵賳 賲賳丕 兀賳 賳爻丨賯 賵 賳亘賷丿 毓賳 丌禺乇賳丕 .
廿賯鬲亘丕爻 賲賳 乇賵丕賷丞 :
丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 睾乇賷睾賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕 匕丕鬲 氐亘丕丨 賲賳 兀丨賱丕賲 賲夭毓噩丞貙 賵噩丿 賳賮爻賴 賵 賯丿 鬲丨賵賱 賮賷 賮乇丕卮賴 廿賱賶 丨卮乇丞 囟禺賲丞
賲賱丕丨馗丞 賵 廿爻鬲賳鬲丕噩 :
丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 毓丕賲賱 丕賱賲賳噩賲 .. 丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 丕賱賲爻賳 .. 丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 丕賱噩賳丿賷 .. 丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 丕賱賲賵丕胤賳 丕賱毓乇亘賷 .. 丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 丕賱禺丕丿賲 賮賷 丕賱賲賳夭賱 .. 丨賷賳 兀賮丕賯 丕賱賮賯賷乇 丕賱賲毓賵夭.. 匕丕鬲 氐亘丕丨 賵 噩丿賵丕 兀賳賮爻賴賲 賵 賯丿 鬲丨賵賱賵丕 賮賷 賮乇丕卮賴賲 廿賱賶 丨卮乇丕鬲 囟禺賲丞 .
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丕賱廿賳爻丕賳 丕賱丨卮乇丞..丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 賵丕丨丿 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賰賱賴
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鬲丨爻 賮噩兀丞 兀賳賰 鬲賱賯賷鬲 囟乇亘丞 毓賱賶 丕賱乇兀爻 亘毓丿 賯乇丕亍丞 賴匕賴 丕賱賯氐丞 .. 賱丕 .. 賱賲 鬲毓丿 賰賲丕 賰賳鬲 .. 賱爻鬲 兀賳鬲 .. 賱賲 鬲毓丿 兀賳鬲..賴賳丕賱賰 卮賷卅 賲丕 鬲睾賷乇..賱丕 兀丿乇賷 乇亘賲丕 賳馗乇丞..乇亘賲丕 廿丨爻丕爻 .. 卮毓賵乇 .. 賵噩賴丞 賳馗乇 .. 鬲毓乇賷賮..賱丕 兀丿乇賷 賵 賱賳 鬲丿乇賷 .. 賴匕丕 賴賵 賰丕賮賰丕 賵 賰鬲丕亘丕鬲賴 丕賱鬲賷 賴夭鬲 丕賱毓丕賱賲 .
" 丌賴 賷丕 廿賱賴賷 廿賳賴丕 賵馗賷賮丞 賲賳賴賰丞貙 丕賱胤賵丕賮 賮賷 丕賱亘賱丕丿 賷賵賲丕 亘毓丿 賷賵賲 .廿賳 廿夭毓丕噩丕鬲 賴匕丕 丕賱毓賲賱 兀賰亘乇 賲賳 廿夭毓丕噩丕鬲 丕賱毓賲賱 賮賷 丕賱賲丨賱 丕賱兀氐賱賷貙 賵 賮賵賯 賰賱 匕賱賰 賮乇囟 毓賱賷 毓賳丕亍 丕賱爻賮乇 賵 賴賳丕賰 丕賱禺賵賮 賲賳 毓丿賲 丕賱賱丨丕賯 亘丕賱賯胤丕乇丕鬲貙 賵 賴賳丕賰 賵噩亘丕鬲 丕賱胤毓丕賲 丕賱乇丿賷卅丞 賵 丕賱睾賷乇 賲賳鬲馗賲丞貙 賵 丕賱廿鬲氐丕賱丕鬲 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷丞 丕賱賲鬲亘丿賱丞 丿丕卅賲丕貙 睾賷乇 賲鬲賵丕氐賱丞 兀亘丿丕貙 賵 丕賱鬲賷 賱丕 鬲氐亘丨 賵丿賷丞 賯胤 賮賱賷兀禺匕 ( 丕賱卮賷胤丕賳 ) 匕賱賰 賰賱賴 "
" 毓賱賷 兀賳 兀噩賲毓 丕賱賲丕賱 .. 賰賷 兀爻丿丿 賱賴 丿賷賳 丕賱賵丕賱丿賷賳貙 兀毓賱賲 兀賳 賴匕丕 賷爻鬲睾乇賯 禺賲爻 兀賵 爻鬲 爻賳賵丕鬲 兀禺乇賶 丨鬲賶 兀賯賵賲 亘匕賱賰 毓賱賶 兀賷 丨丕賱 "
" 亘丕賱乇睾賲 兀賳 睾乇賷睾賵乇 兀氐亘丨 賮賷賲丕 亘毓丿 賷賰爻亘 賲賳 丕賱賲丕賱 賲丕 噩毓賱賴 賷鬲丨賲賱 賳賮賯丕鬲 丕賱兀爻乇丞 亘賰丕賲賱賴丕貙 賵 鬲丨賲賱賴丕 兀賷囟丕 . 賵 賯丿 丕毓鬲丕丿賵丕 匕賱賰貙 睾乇賷睾賵乇 賵 丕賱兀爻乇丞 賰丕賳 賴賵 賷毓胤賷 丕賱賲丕賱 亘爻乇賵乇貙 賵 賴賲 賷賯亘賱賵賳賴 亘毓乇賮丕賳貙 賵 賱賰賳 卮毓賵乇丕禺丕氐丕 亘丕賱丿賮亍 賱賲 賷卮兀 兀賳 賷賳卮兀 賱丨丿 丕賱丌賳 . "
丕爻鬲賱賯賶 睾乇賷睾賵乇 毓賱賶 爻乇賷乇賴 賲賳賴賰丕 .. 賲鬲兀賱賲丕 賲賳 賰孬乇丞 丕賱賲卮賷 .. 賷毓丕賳賷 賲賳 兀賱賲 賮賷 亘胤賳賴 亘爻亘亘 賵噩亘丞 乇丿賷卅丞 .. 丕爻鬲賱賯賶 賵 賴賵 賷賮賰乇 賮賷 賰賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱兀賲賵乇 .. 丕賱丿賷賳 .. 丕賱毓賲賱 .. 賲賵毓丿 丕賱賯胤丕乇丕鬲 丕賱氐亘丕丨賷丞 .. 丕賱賲亘賷毓丕鬲 .. 丨丕賱 丕賱兀爻乇丞 .. 丕賱禺賵賮 賲賳 丕賱鬲賯賱亘丕鬲 .. 丕賱鬲毓亘 .. 丕賱胤毓丕賲 .. 丕賱鬲丨丕賯 丕禺鬲賴 亘賲毓賴丿 丕賱賮賳賵賳 .. 丕賱賳丕爻 .. 賵 亘賷賳賲丕 賴賵 賮賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱丨丕賱丞 賵 匕賱賰 丕賱毓丕賱賲 .. 毓丕賱賲 賲丕 賯亘賱 丕賱賳賵賲 ..鬲氐賵乇 賳賮爻賴 賰丨卮乇丞 囟禺賲丞 .. 鬲丐丿賷 毓賲賱賴丕 丕賱乇賵鬲賷賳賷 丕賱賷賵賲賷 丿賵賳 賲卮丕毓乇 .. 賳丕賲 .. 賵 毓賳丿賲丕 丕爻鬲賷賯馗 賵噩丿 賳賮爻賴 賵 賯丿 鬲丨賵賱 廿賱賶 丨卮乇丞 兀賵 賵噩丿 賳賮爻賴 賰賲丕 賷毓乇賮賴丕 噩賷丿丕 丨卮乇丞 囟禺賲丞 .
丨賷賳 賳丿禺賱 廿賱賶 匕丕鬲 兀賳賮爻賳丕貙 賱賱賯丕亍 賲毓賴丕貙 賲丕 賷亘賯賶 禺丕乇噩賳丕 賴賵 丕賱丨賷賵丕賳: 噩賲賱丞 兀毓囟丕亍 丕賱丿丕亘丞 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賲卮賷 鬲丨鬲賳丕 丿賵賳 兀賳 鬲賰賵賳 賳丨賳 賮丨賷賳 賳賳丕賲 賳丨賳 賳鬲乇賰 兀噩爻丕丿賳丕 禺丕乇噩賳丕. 賵賱丕 賳丨賲賱 賲毓賳丕 卮賷卅賸丕 廿賱賶 丕賱丿丕禺賱貙 睾賷乇 匕賵丕鬲賳丕.
丨卮乇丞 賮賷 毓丕賱賲 廿賳爻丕賳賷 .. 兀賲 廿賳爻丕賳 賮賷 毓丕賱賲 丕賱丨卮乇丕鬲 兀囟丨賶 睾乇賷睾賵乇 賵 兀氐亘丨 亘毓丿 丕爻鬲賷賯丕馗賴 責責
亘賷賳 噩丿乇丕賳 睾乇賮鬲賴 賷睾鬲乇亘 賵丨丿賴 .. 賵 賱賰賳 賲丕 丕賱噩丿賷丿 賮賷 匕賱賰 賵 賲丕 丕賱睾乇賮丞 賵 丕賱毓丕賱賲 兀噩賲毓 爻賵賶 丨丿賵丿 賵賴賲賷丞 .. 賮賴賵 賯亘賱 賴匕丕 賰丕賳 賵丨賷丿丕 鬲賲丕賲丕 賮賷 丕賱卮丕乇毓 賮賷 丕賱賲丨胤丞 .. 賮賷 丕賱賮賳丕丿賯 丕賱乇禺賷氐丞 .. 賮賷 丕賱毓賲賱 .
賷噩亘 兀賳 賳鬲禺賱氐 賲賳賴 .. 賴賰匕丕 氐乇禺鬲 丕賱兀禺鬲 賵丕賳鬲丨亘鬲 .. 賲賳 賲賳丕 賯丕丿乇 毓賱賶 丕賱廿賴鬲賲丕賲 亘賴.. 兀賳丕 賱丕 兀爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱廿丨鬲賲丕賱 賵 兀賳鬲 賷丕 兀賲賷 賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤毓賷賳 丕賱廿丨鬲賲丕賱 賵 兀賳鬲 賷丕 兀亘鬲 賱丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱廿丨鬲賲丕賱 .. 賰賱賳丕 賱丕 賳爻鬲胤賷毓 丕賱廿丨鬲賲丕賱..賳丨賳 兀爻乇丞 賲賳賴賰丞 .. 賮賯賷乇丞 ..
賲賳 賲賳丕 賯丕丿乇 毓賱賶 丕賱廿賴鬲賲丕賲 亘睾乇賷睾賵乇 丕賴鬲賲丕賲丕 賷夭賷丿 賵賱賵 匕乇丞 賵丕丨丿丞 毓賱賶 丕賱賲賯丿丕乇 丕賱囟乇賵乇賷 責
賲丕鬲 睾乇賷睾賵乇.. 賰賲丕 賲丕鬲鬲 賲卮丕毓乇 丕賱丌禺乇賷賳 丕鬲噩丕賴賴 .. 賰賲丕 賲丕鬲鬲 毓丕胤賮鬲賴賲 賵 氐亘乇賴賲 .. 賰賲丕 賲丕鬲鬲 廿賳爻丕賳賷鬲賴賲 .
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賲丕鬲 睾乇賷睾賵乇.. 兀賵 .. 賱賲 賷賲鬲 賱兀賳賴 賲丕夭丕賱 丨賷丕 賮賷 兀爻乇 賰孬賷乇丞 賮賷 賴匕丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲..
賱兀賳 丕賱賲賵囟賵毓 賵丕丨丿 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 賰賱賴
睾乇賷睾賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕 賱賲 賷賲鬲..亘賱 賲丕夭丕賱 丨賷丕 賮賷 兀爻乇 賰孬賷乇丞 賲賳 賴匕丕 丕賱毓丕賱賲..亘賱 賴賵 賲賵噩賵丿 丿丕禺賱賳丕 賵 廿賳 丕禺鬲賱賮鬲 丿乇噩丕鬲 賵噩賵丿賴 賵賵囟賵丨賴丕..睾乇賷睾賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕 賲丕 賴賵 廿賱丕 兀賳丕 賵 兀賳鬲 .
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賰丕賮賰丕 賵丕丨丿 賲賳 兀毓馗賲 丕賱賰鬲丕亘 賮賷 丕賱毓丕賱賲 .
February 25, 2025
I鈥檒l never forget that winter night at Christmas break when I read this one, during the transition phase into high school senior year.
What struck me Most the first read-through was the image of the pitched Apple that had pierced and penetrated into the soft, gooey underbelly of this hapless giant caterpillar.
That was so me, back then, in 1967! An outsider at school, my soft belly was routinely pierced by the fierce verbal slurs of the more outgoing members of the collegiate in-crowd.
I formed no alliances at high school except with friends I really loved. A nutty literary nerd.
Ah, those lost teen years!
And Gregor Samsa? How to explain his ugly transmogrification? And whatever can he do next?
First off, his case is a classic of Postructuralism. You see, his raging father (the dreaded Other - and the origin of Gregor鈥檚 faceless, Lacanian Dread) has turned Gregor, by the subtle reversal occasioned by his identity crisis, into the brutal and ugly Other itself. His father is no longer the demonic one: Gregor is.
Gregor must have been recently 鈥渃ured,鈥� and shriven of his acute neurosis, if that sounds familiar, guys! It鈥檚 a common medical tool鈥�
But enough armchchair psychotherapy!
Imagine, if you will, a dust- and perhaps carpet-concealed trap door in his fatefully transforming room - leading into his parents鈥� dark basement... (This little story is one possible personal continuation of Gregor鈥檚 story in honor of Kafka鈥檚 febrile imagination.)
Well, when Gregor the Caterpillar lands on the dark root cellar floor, he gets up, dusts off his damaged exoskeleton, and notices a secret door in the wall that says to him, 鈥渙pen me!鈥�
He does, finding himself in an ancient dark wood. But he doesn鈥檛 crawl far, before he is stopped dead in his tracks by three hungry mammals: the in-crowd leaders.
He is trapped.
A spirit guide (his literary hero) then appears and rescues him, telling him he must descend more deeply through these subterranean shadows to find Peace.
He does... All the way down to a first, ultimate revelation in the primordial sludge of Original Sin at the Bottom of his Luck.
And then back, All the Way Up (many months later) to his reward: Stable Peace of Mind.
Such, then, was Kafka鈥檚, Dante鈥檚 - and my own quest from the outside in. And all three of us FOUND our peace at the end of it:
Kafka had found Peace when he wrote Amerika.
Dante had found Peace when he wrote Paradiso.
And I?
I found Peace just recently, after following my spirit guide Dante as a minor bit player through a long, battered life.
I meandered woefully through the Hell of otherness.
I stumbled through the Purgatorial cleansing of acting as a working and dutiful husband and breadwinner.
And in the Old Age of Later Retirement Years I know the Peace of a personal practicality, sustained by the Old Rugged Cross:
That has instructed, nourished, and led me safely to the End of my Quest -
A time of New Beginnings -
Fifty Years after falling into the Darkness, as the outsider, Gregor Samsa.
What struck me Most the first read-through was the image of the pitched Apple that had pierced and penetrated into the soft, gooey underbelly of this hapless giant caterpillar.
That was so me, back then, in 1967! An outsider at school, my soft belly was routinely pierced by the fierce verbal slurs of the more outgoing members of the collegiate in-crowd.
I formed no alliances at high school except with friends I really loved. A nutty literary nerd.
Ah, those lost teen years!
And Gregor Samsa? How to explain his ugly transmogrification? And whatever can he do next?
First off, his case is a classic of Postructuralism. You see, his raging father (the dreaded Other - and the origin of Gregor鈥檚 faceless, Lacanian Dread) has turned Gregor, by the subtle reversal occasioned by his identity crisis, into the brutal and ugly Other itself. His father is no longer the demonic one: Gregor is.
Gregor must have been recently 鈥渃ured,鈥� and shriven of his acute neurosis, if that sounds familiar, guys! It鈥檚 a common medical tool鈥�
But enough armchchair psychotherapy!
Imagine, if you will, a dust- and perhaps carpet-concealed trap door in his fatefully transforming room - leading into his parents鈥� dark basement... (This little story is one possible personal continuation of Gregor鈥檚 story in honor of Kafka鈥檚 febrile imagination.)
Well, when Gregor the Caterpillar lands on the dark root cellar floor, he gets up, dusts off his damaged exoskeleton, and notices a secret door in the wall that says to him, 鈥渙pen me!鈥�
He does, finding himself in an ancient dark wood. But he doesn鈥檛 crawl far, before he is stopped dead in his tracks by three hungry mammals: the in-crowd leaders.
He is trapped.
A spirit guide (his literary hero) then appears and rescues him, telling him he must descend more deeply through these subterranean shadows to find Peace.
He does... All the way down to a first, ultimate revelation in the primordial sludge of Original Sin at the Bottom of his Luck.
And then back, All the Way Up (many months later) to his reward: Stable Peace of Mind.
Such, then, was Kafka鈥檚, Dante鈥檚 - and my own quest from the outside in. And all three of us FOUND our peace at the end of it:
Kafka had found Peace when he wrote Amerika.
Dante had found Peace when he wrote Paradiso.
And I?
I found Peace just recently, after following my spirit guide Dante as a minor bit player through a long, battered life.
I meandered woefully through the Hell of otherness.
I stumbled through the Purgatorial cleansing of acting as a working and dutiful husband and breadwinner.
And in the Old Age of Later Retirement Years I know the Peace of a personal practicality, sustained by the Old Rugged Cross:
That has instructed, nourished, and led me safely to the End of my Quest -
A time of New Beginnings -
Fifty Years after falling into the Darkness, as the outsider, Gregor Samsa.
April 22, 2023
Wow, this was brilliant!
(I wasn鈥檛 surprised to learn that one of Kafka鈥檚 greatest influences was Fyodor Dostoyevsky)
(I wasn鈥檛 surprised to learn that one of Kafka鈥檚 greatest influences was Fyodor Dostoyevsky)
April 10, 2025
Gregor Samsa awakes from a bad dream, into a mad nightmare, as he struggles, stuck in his own bed this weary, young traveling salesman, has overnight been miraculously transformed... incredibly Gregor is now a hideous bug, a dung beetle , or even a cockroach does it really matter what ? He has missed his train in more ways than one, but Samsa, is a real trooper, still thinks he can catch the locomotive and make that vile business trip, eventually getting off the bed with great difficulty, just a slight crash, in truth, opening the locked door somehow and moving around on the floor, in his many, new, ugly little legs the parents and sister are greatly shocked, at his new repulsive appearance. And when the office manager arrives to see what happened , big mistake, he spots Samsa and is out the door without a word spoken (twitching a little). Now the "Bug" becomes a burden to his lazy, ungrateful family after years of Gregor supporting them, all by himself (a job he hated, with a big passion), they much embarrassed , hide him in his modest quiet room, feeding the "monstrous vermin", leftover garbage from their table scraps, a menu the bug implausibly prefers...Months pass and it becomes obvious something has to give, the reader will decide is Samsa a real dung beetle, or is he mentally ill? But to some, the gist of the fable is, how much does your family love you? A brutal depiction of a family in tremendous turmoil...expediency triumphs.
July 8, 2017
賲爻禺 乇賵 賲毓賲賵賱丕賸 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 賷賴 丕孬乇 賮賱爻賮賶-丕噩鬲賲丕毓賶 賲賷卮賳丕爻賳貙 賵 賴賲賷賳 賰丕賮賷賴 賰賴 賴賲賴 賶 禺氐賵氐賷丕鬲 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賮乇丕賲賵卮 亘卮賳 賵 賴賲賴 賶 賲賳鬲賯丿賴丕 亘賴 噩丕蹖 丿丕爻鬲丕賳貙 亘賴 賲賮丕賴賷賲 倬卮鬲 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 鬲賵噩賴 賰賳賳. 賷毓賳賶 賴賲賴 賶 夭丨賲丕鬲 賳賵賷爻賳丿賴 亘乇丕賶 爻丕禺鬲賳 倬蹖讴乇賴 蹖 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賮乇丕賲賵卮 亘卮賴 賵 亘乇 亘丕丿 亘乇賴.
丨鬲賲丕賸 丨鬲賲丕賸 "丿乇亘丕乇賴 賶 賲爻禺" 賳丕亘丕賰賵賮 乇賵 亘禺賵賳賷丿貙 賵丕賯毓丕賸 丿賷丿 噩丿賷丿賶 賲賷丿賴 亘賴 丌丿賲 丿乇 夭賲賷賳賴 賶 賳賯丿 丕丿亘賶.
賵丨卮鬲
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 亘賶 鬲乇丿賷丿 丿乇 跇丕賳乇 賵丨卮鬲 胤亘賯賴 亘賳丿賶 賲賷卮賴. 賮囟丕賶 賰丕亘賵爻 賵丕乇 賯氐賴 賴丕賶 賰丕賮賰丕貙 賲丨卮乇賳. 丕賷賳 賰賴 賷賴 賰丕亘賵爻 賲爻賱賾賲 乇賵貙 賲賷丕乇賴 鬲賵賶 夭賳丿诏賶 賴乇 乇賵夭賴 賶 賲丕 賵 亘丕 丿賷丿賶 賵丕賯毓 诏乇丕賷丕賳賴 亘賴卮 賳诏丕賴 賲賷賰賳賴貙 賰賴 亘丕毓孬 賵丨卮鬲賳丕賰 鬲乇 卮丿賳 賯氐賴 賲賷卮賴. 丕夭 丕賷賳 噩賴鬲 卮丕賷丿 亘卮賴 诏賮鬲 賲亘丿毓 "乇卅丕賱賷爻賲 噩丕丿賵賷賶" 亘賴 賳丨賵賶 賰丕賮賰丕 亘賵丿賴貨 禺賵丿 诏丕亘乇賷賱 诏丕乇爻賷丕 賲丕乇賰夭貙 亘夭乇诏 鬲乇賷賳 賳賵賷爻賳丿賴 賶 乇卅丕賱賷爻賲 噩丕丿賵賷賶貙 賲賷诏賴 "賲賳 亘丕 禺賵賳丿賳 賰丕賮賰丕 賮賴賲賷丿賲 賲賷卮賴 噩賵乇 丿賷诏賴 丕賶 賴賲 賳賵卮鬲."
胤賳夭
丕賲丕 賲賴賲賴 賰賴 亘丿賵賳賷賲 賰丕賮賰丕貙 禺賵丿卮 亘賴 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賴丕賶 禺賵丿卮 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賵丨卮鬲 賳诏丕賴 賳賲賶 賰乇丿賴. 亘賱賴貙 賲爻禺 丿乇 賳馗乇 賰丕賮賰丕 賷賴 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 "胤賳夭" 亘賵丿賴. 賵賯鬲賶 亘乇丕賶 丿賷诏乇丕賳 賲賷禺賵賳丿賴 賷丕 乇丕噩毓 亘賴卮 氐丨亘鬲 賲賶 賰乇丿賴貙 亘乇 噩賳亘賴 賴丕賶 胤賳夭 丿丕爻鬲丕賳卮 鬲兀賰賷丿 丿丕卮鬲賴. 賲孬賱 鬲賯賱丕賷賶 賰賴 爻賵爻賰 賯氐賴貙 亘乇丕賶 亘賴 賲賵賯毓 乇爻賷丿賳 亘賴 爻乇 賰丕乇 賲賷賰賳賴貙 賷丕 鬲賱丕卮卮 亘乇丕賶 鬲賵囟賷丨 毓賱鬲 鬲兀禺賷乇卮 亘賴 賲兀賲賵乇 丕丿丕乇賴 卮 賷丕...
賴賲賴 賶 丕賷賳 賴丕貙 賳賵毓賶 丌賲賷禺鬲诏賶 胤賳夭 賵 賵丨卮鬲 丕賷噩丕丿 賲賷賰賳賴. 爻賵跇賴 賶 丕氐賱賶 賵丨卮鬲賴貙 丕賲丕 賵丕讴賳卮 卮禺氐賷鬲 賴丕 賵 鬲賳丕賯囟 卮丿賷丿 丕蹖賳 賵丕讴賳卮 亘丕 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 賲丕貙 倬賴賱賵 亘賴 胤賳夭 賲賷夭賳賴. 賳賴 丕賱夭丕賲丕賸 胤賳夭賶 賰賴 賯賴賯賴賴 亘夭賳賷丿貙 亘賱賰賴 鬲乇噩賷丨丕賸 胤賳夭賶 賰賴 賲賵 乇賵 亘乇 亘丿賳鬲賵賳 爻賷禺 賲賶 賰賳賴. 卮丕賷丿 亘卮賴 丕爻賲卮 乇賵 诏匕丕卮鬲 "诏乇賵鬲爻賰" 賷丕 "胤賳夭 爻賷丕賴".
丨鬲賲丕賸 丨鬲賲丕賸 "丿乇亘丕乇賴 賶 賲爻禺" 賳丕亘丕賰賵賮 乇賵 亘禺賵賳賷丿貙 賵丕賯毓丕賸 丿賷丿 噩丿賷丿賶 賲賷丿賴 亘賴 丌丿賲 丿乇 夭賲賷賳賴 賶 賳賯丿 丕丿亘賶.
賵丨卮鬲
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 亘賶 鬲乇丿賷丿 丿乇 跇丕賳乇 賵丨卮鬲 胤亘賯賴 亘賳丿賶 賲賷卮賴. 賮囟丕賶 賰丕亘賵爻 賵丕乇 賯氐賴 賴丕賶 賰丕賮賰丕貙 賲丨卮乇賳. 丕賷賳 賰賴 賷賴 賰丕亘賵爻 賲爻賱賾賲 乇賵貙 賲賷丕乇賴 鬲賵賶 夭賳丿诏賶 賴乇 乇賵夭賴 賶 賲丕 賵 亘丕 丿賷丿賶 賵丕賯毓 诏乇丕賷丕賳賴 亘賴卮 賳诏丕賴 賲賷賰賳賴貙 賰賴 亘丕毓孬 賵丨卮鬲賳丕賰 鬲乇 卮丿賳 賯氐賴 賲賷卮賴. 丕夭 丕賷賳 噩賴鬲 卮丕賷丿 亘卮賴 诏賮鬲 賲亘丿毓 "乇卅丕賱賷爻賲 噩丕丿賵賷賶" 亘賴 賳丨賵賶 賰丕賮賰丕 亘賵丿賴貨 禺賵丿 诏丕亘乇賷賱 诏丕乇爻賷丕 賲丕乇賰夭貙 亘夭乇诏 鬲乇賷賳 賳賵賷爻賳丿賴 賶 乇卅丕賱賷爻賲 噩丕丿賵賷賶貙 賲賷诏賴 "賲賳 亘丕 禺賵賳丿賳 賰丕賮賰丕 賮賴賲賷丿賲 賲賷卮賴 噩賵乇 丿賷诏賴 丕賶 賴賲 賳賵卮鬲."
胤賳夭
丕賲丕 賲賴賲賴 賰賴 亘丿賵賳賷賲 賰丕賮賰丕貙 禺賵丿卮 亘賴 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賴丕賶 禺賵丿卮 亘賴 毓賳賵丕賳 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 賵丨卮鬲 賳诏丕賴 賳賲賶 賰乇丿賴. 亘賱賴貙 賲爻禺 丿乇 賳馗乇 賰丕賮賰丕 賷賴 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 "胤賳夭" 亘賵丿賴. 賵賯鬲賶 亘乇丕賶 丿賷诏乇丕賳 賲賷禺賵賳丿賴 賷丕 乇丕噩毓 亘賴卮 氐丨亘鬲 賲賶 賰乇丿賴貙 亘乇 噩賳亘賴 賴丕賶 胤賳夭 丿丕爻鬲丕賳卮 鬲兀賰賷丿 丿丕卮鬲賴. 賲孬賱 鬲賯賱丕賷賶 賰賴 爻賵爻賰 賯氐賴貙 亘乇丕賶 亘賴 賲賵賯毓 乇爻賷丿賳 亘賴 爻乇 賰丕乇 賲賷賰賳賴貙 賷丕 鬲賱丕卮卮 亘乇丕賶 鬲賵囟賷丨 毓賱鬲 鬲兀禺賷乇卮 亘賴 賲兀賲賵乇 丕丿丕乇賴 卮 賷丕...
賴賲賴 賶 丕賷賳 賴丕貙 賳賵毓賶 丌賲賷禺鬲诏賶 胤賳夭 賵 賵丨卮鬲 丕賷噩丕丿 賲賷賰賳賴. 爻賵跇賴 賶 丕氐賱賶 賵丨卮鬲賴貙 丕賲丕 賵丕讴賳卮 卮禺氐賷鬲 賴丕 賵 鬲賳丕賯囟 卮丿賷丿 丕蹖賳 賵丕讴賳卮 亘丕 丕賳鬲馗丕乇 賲丕貙 倬賴賱賵 亘賴 胤賳夭 賲賷夭賳賴. 賳賴 丕賱夭丕賲丕賸 胤賳夭賶 賰賴 賯賴賯賴賴 亘夭賳賷丿貙 亘賱賰賴 鬲乇噩賷丨丕賸 胤賳夭賶 賰賴 賲賵 乇賵 亘乇 亘丿賳鬲賵賳 爻賷禺 賲賶 賰賳賴. 卮丕賷丿 亘卮賴 丕爻賲卮 乇賵 诏匕丕卮鬲 "诏乇賵鬲爻賰" 賷丕 "胤賳夭 爻賷丕賴".
October 22, 2018
Arabic/English Review
First read I got the impression; pretty disgusted yet very sad
賯乇丕卅鬲賷 丕賱兀賵賱賷 賱賴丕 卮毓乇鬲 亘卮卅 賲賳 丕賱丨夭賳 賵丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賯乇賮 賵丕賱丕卮賲卅夭丕夭
Second read,more emotional & sympathy forKafka Samsa
丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 卮毓乇鬲 亘賲卮丕毓乇 丨夭賳 兀賰孬乇..賵鬲毓丕胤賮 賲毓 賰丕賮賰丕,兀賯氐丿 爻丕賲爻丕
READ..FEEL..RE-READ
賴賷 賯氐丞 鬲賯乇兀賴丕..鬲卮毓乇 亘賴..賵鬲毓賷丿 賯乇丕卅鬲賴丕
賱匕丕 賯乇兀鬲賴丕 賱賲乇丞 孬丕賱孬丞 賵兀禺賷乇丞 賵賰賲 卮毓乇鬲 亘丕賱丨夭賳 賵丕賱丕賰鬲卅丕亘
鬲禺賷賱 兀賳賰 賰賳鬲 丕賱毓丕卅賱 丕賱賵丨賷丿 賱兀爻乇鬲賰貙 孬賲 兀氐亘丨鬲 毓丕噩夭丕 賵毓亘卅丕 毓賱賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱兀爻乇丞
賱賲噩乇丿 丕賳賰 氐乇鬲 亘丨丕賱丞 噩毓賱鬲賰...睾乇賷亘 丕賱兀胤賵丕乇
鬲卮鬲丕賯 賱賱噩賱賵爻 賲毓賴賲 賮賷 丕賱噩賱爻丕鬲 丕賱丕爻乇賷丞 丕賱丿丕賮卅丞 丕賱丨賲賷賲丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳 賷賲賳毓賰 毓賳賴丕 丿丕卅賲丕 毓賲賱賰 賵鬲噩賵丕賱賰 賱賰爻亘 賱賯賲丞 丕賱毓賷卮...賵丕賱丕賳 賵賲毓 毓噩夭賰 賵賲賱丕夭賲鬲賰 丕賱賲賳夭賱, 賷賲賳毓賰 毓噩夭賰 賵賲乇囟賰 賵睾乇丕亘丞 丕胤賵丕乇賰 賲賳 賳賮爻 丕賱噩賱爻丕鬲 丕賱丕爻乇賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 丕賮鬲賯丿賴丕 賵丕賳鬲 賱爻鬲 亘丕賱賲賳夭賱
賱兀賳 , 鬲禺賷賱, 丕賳 賲乇囟賰 賴匕丕 賷噩毓賱賰 賲賳賮乇丕 賱賴賲..賰丕賱賲爻禺
囟毓 賳賮爻賰 賲賰丕賳 賰丕賮賰丕 ,毓匕乇丕, 爻丕賲爻丕 賵丕賳鬲 鬲賯乇兀 鬲賱賰 丕賱賯氐丞..賮賴賵 丕賷囟丕 賰丕賳 毓賲賱賴 賷噩毓賱賴 亘毓賷丿丕 毓賳 丕賱亘賷鬲 賰孬賷乇丕 賱丿乇噩賴 丕賳賴 賮賷 賲匕賰乇丕鬲賴 賯丕賱 丕賳 爻賮乇賷丕鬲 毓賲賱賴 賲賳毓鬲賴 賲賳 噩毓賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 丕賮囟賱 , 兀賯氐丿 賴賳丕 賰丕賮賰丕 亘丕賱賮毓賱
賵賰匕賱賰 鬲賱賰 丕賱毓賱丕賯丞 丕賱賲毓賯丿丞 亘賷賳賴 賵亘賷賳 丕亘賷賴 賲賳 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱賲卮鬲乇賰丞 亘賷賳 賰丕賮賰丕 賵爻丕賲爻丕 亘胤賱 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 賱鬲卮毓乇 丕賳賴賲丕 賮毓賱丕 ..賵丕丨丿
賰賲丕 丕賳 賴賳丕賰 亘毓囟 丕賱兀噩夭丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賵囟丨 丕賳 睾乇丕亘鬲賴 賴匕賴 噩毓賱鬲賴 卮禺氐丕 丕賮囟賱 賳賵毓丕 賲丕, 賮賲孬賱丕 賴賵 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 亘丿兀 賷鬲匕賵賯 噩賲丕賱 丕賱賲賵爻賷賯賷 亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 丕賳賴 賱賲 賷賰賳 賷噩亘 丕賱賲賵爻賷賯賷 賰孬賷乇丕 賯亘賱 匕賱賰 賰賲丕 丕毓鬲乇賮 賵賴賵 賷賮賰乇 亘丕乇爻丕賱 丕禺鬲賴 丕賱賷 丕賱賰賵賳爻乇賮鬲賵丕乇
賲賲丕 賷噩毓賱賰 鬲卮毓乇 丕賳賴 賳賵毓 賲賳 丕賳賵丕毓 丕賱賲乇囟 丕賱賳賮爻賷 , 乇亘賲丕 丕賱兀賰鬲卅丕亘 賲賳 丕賱賵丕賯毓 丕賱賲馗賱賲 賵丕賱乇睾亘丞 賮賷 賲爻鬲賯亘賱 兀賰孬乇 噩賲丕賱丕..賵賲賳 賲賳丕 賱賲 賷卮毓乇 亘賴匕丕 丕賱兀賰鬲卅丕亘 賵賴匕賴 丕賱乇睾亘丞責
賴匕賴 丕賱乇睾亘丞 賯丿 鬲噩毓賱賰 賮毓賱丕..睾乇賷亘 丕賱兀胤賵丕乇 賮賷 賲孬賱 匕賱賰 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賲馗賱賲
丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱卮丕賯 丕賱匕賷 賷賷噩乇丿 丕賳爻丕賳賷鬲賰 賵賷噩毓賱賰 賰賲噩乇丿 丨卮乇丞 鬲爻毓賷 賱賱乇夭賯
賮丨鬲賷 丕賱兀睾賱賮丞 丕賱鬲賷 馗賴乇鬲 賱賱乇賵丕賷丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 兀卮乇賮 毓賱賷賴丕 賰丕賮賰丕 賱賲 賷賰賳 亘賴丕 丨鬲賷 氐賵乇丞 賱賱丨卮乇丞, 賵廿賳賲丕 賱賱毓丕卅賱丞 兀賵 賱卮禺氐 賷禺賮賷 賵噩賴賴
毓丕賲丕 賰賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲卮丕毓乇 卮毓乇鬲 亘氐丿賯 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴丕 賵賵噩毓賴丕 賵兀賱賲賴丕
賷噩亘 丕賳 鬲賯乇兀 亘丕賱賮毓賱
亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賱賳賴丕賷丞 賮毓賱丕 卮毓乇鬲 亘丕賳賴丕 睾乇賷亘丞,賰丕賳 賷賲賰賳 丕賳 鬲賰賵賳 丕賮囟賱 賰賲丕 丕毓鬲乇賮 賰丕賮賰丕 賳賮爻賴 賵賱賰賳賴丕 鬲馗賱 賲賱丕卅賲丞 賵乇賲夭賷丞..賵賷賰賮賷 丕賳賴 卮毓乇 亘丕丨丕爻賷爻賴 賰賱 賲賳 賯乇兀 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞..賵卮毓乇 亘賲毓丕賳丕丞 賰丕賮賰丕
Third read was after all that rant in my edition which I only liked a few of it all- It didn't tell me more than I already 'felt' about the story, some articles add more deep understanding to what I've already understand..but some was OVER-Analyze..may be away of what Kafka wanted to tell...
It's very sad story indeed, imagine that you become a burden on your family for unknowing, incurable sickness ,after you've been the sole support for your family....how you've been 'killing' yourself for bread winning to them..now they even can't look at you probably.
I've read Kafka's letters ,and with some of his real life sad story, He is a Metamorphosis himself...I felt it's not necessary a True Bug, it may be a sickness of the long time traveling and full time working, it may be just nervous breakdown or some other psychological illness..Who knows..It's a story about Feeling for me..that's why by my second reading I've felt more like the second picture I've add at the review..
And note that the original 1916 early edition's cover there's no an Actual Bug ,as well as most of the early ones.
*
It's a Story about feelings and differences..I won't spoil it for you But read it and try to put yourself in the position of Samsa, and that's very easy since Kafka's writing style here is very easy yet very classic well written.
I felt how much he'd been longing for warm time with the family that hard work always kept him away of that...and then being sick..
I felt how hard for his family to accept him..how they can't stand look at him and felt sorry for them..it's human nature after all..
I felt how this "metamorphosis" progress even made him a bit better from inside, As when he learn how to taste the music -while he mention he didn't like it before- ...how it made him feel more responsible for his family, but can't do a thing now...
I felt very sad for the family..and of course more sorry for him...Samsa / Kafka..
And the rating is up from 3.5 to 4 just because Kafka's admitting -at the extra in this edition- that:
Well,first read for me I felt it can be better,although I still felt very sad..but I also hate how was the ending at all,the last 4 or 5 pages I get it but it really can be better..well,his admitting that at his diaries made my rating higher.
Well,Rest in Peace Kafka, your work has been felt by millions of people..
May God Bless your soul.
Mohammed Arabey
From May 31 2014
To June 13 2014
PS : Since I've read a 200 pages edition of a 50 pages only novel, I Know how it feels to read long rant about a novel, It's Kinda boring..So I've tried to make my review short...but couldn't :) sorry
First read I got the impression; pretty disgusted yet very sad
賯乇丕卅鬲賷 丕賱兀賵賱賷 賱賴丕 卮毓乇鬲 亘卮卅 賲賳 丕賱丨夭賳 賵丕賱賰孬賷乇 賲賳 丕賱賯乇賮 賵丕賱丕卮賲卅夭丕夭
Second read,more emotional & sympathy for
丕賱賯乇丕亍丞 丕賱孬丕賳賷丞 卮毓乇鬲 亘賲卮丕毓乇 丨夭賳 兀賰孬乇..賵鬲毓丕胤賮 賲毓 賰丕賮賰丕,兀賯氐丿 爻丕賲爻丕
READ..FEEL..RE-READ
賴賷 賯氐丞 鬲賯乇兀賴丕..鬲卮毓乇 亘賴..賵鬲毓賷丿 賯乇丕卅鬲賴丕
賱匕丕 賯乇兀鬲賴丕 賱賲乇丞 孬丕賱孬丞 賵兀禺賷乇丞 賵賰賲 卮毓乇鬲 亘丕賱丨夭賳 賵丕賱丕賰鬲卅丕亘
鬲禺賷賱 兀賳賰 賰賳鬲 丕賱毓丕卅賱 丕賱賵丨賷丿 賱兀爻乇鬲賰貙 孬賲 兀氐亘丨鬲 毓丕噩夭丕 賵毓亘卅丕 毓賱賷 鬲賱賰 丕賱兀爻乇丞
賱賲噩乇丿 丕賳賰 氐乇鬲 亘丨丕賱丞 噩毓賱鬲賰...睾乇賷亘 丕賱兀胤賵丕乇
鬲卮鬲丕賯 賱賱噩賱賵爻 賲毓賴賲 賮賷 丕賱噩賱爻丕鬲 丕賱丕爻乇賷丞 丕賱丿丕賮卅丞 丕賱丨賲賷賲丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 賰丕賳 賷賲賳毓賰 毓賳賴丕 丿丕卅賲丕 毓賲賱賰 賵鬲噩賵丕賱賰 賱賰爻亘 賱賯賲丞 丕賱毓賷卮...賵丕賱丕賳 賵賲毓 毓噩夭賰 賵賲賱丕夭賲鬲賰 丕賱賲賳夭賱, 賷賲賳毓賰 毓噩夭賰 賵賲乇囟賰 賵睾乇丕亘丞 丕胤賵丕乇賰 賲賳 賳賮爻 丕賱噩賱爻丕鬲 丕賱丕爻乇賷丞 丕賱鬲賷 丕賮鬲賯丿賴丕 賵丕賳鬲 賱爻鬲 亘丕賱賲賳夭賱
賱兀賳 , 鬲禺賷賱, 丕賳 賲乇囟賰 賴匕丕 賷噩毓賱賰 賲賳賮乇丕 賱賴賲..賰丕賱賲爻禺
囟毓 賳賮爻賰 賲賰丕賳 賰丕賮賰丕 ,毓匕乇丕, 爻丕賲爻丕 賵丕賳鬲 鬲賯乇兀 鬲賱賰 丕賱賯氐丞..賮賴賵 丕賷囟丕 賰丕賳 毓賲賱賴 賷噩毓賱賴 亘毓賷丿丕 毓賳 丕賱亘賷鬲 賰孬賷乇丕 賱丿乇噩賴 丕賳賴 賮賷 賲匕賰乇丕鬲賴 賯丕賱 丕賳 爻賮乇賷丕鬲 毓賲賱賴 賲賳毓鬲賴 賲賳 噩毓賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 丕賮囟賱 , 兀賯氐丿 賴賳丕 賰丕賮賰丕 亘丕賱賮毓賱
賵賰匕賱賰 鬲賱賰 丕賱毓賱丕賯丞 丕賱賲毓賯丿丞 亘賷賳賴 賵亘賷賳 丕亘賷賴 賲賳 丕賱毓賵丕賲賱 丕賱賲卮鬲乇賰丞 亘賷賳 賰丕賮賰丕 賵爻丕賲爻丕 亘胤賱 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 賱鬲卮毓乇 丕賳賴賲丕 賮毓賱丕 ..賵丕丨丿
賰賲丕 丕賳 賴賳丕賰 亘毓囟 丕賱兀噩夭丕亍 丕賱鬲賷 鬲賵囟丨 丕賳 睾乇丕亘鬲賴 賴匕賴 噩毓賱鬲賴 卮禺氐丕 丕賮囟賱 賳賵毓丕 賲丕, 賮賲孬賱丕 賴賵 賮賷 丕賱賳賴丕賷丞 亘丿兀 賷鬲匕賵賯 噩賲丕賱 丕賱賲賵爻賷賯賷 亘丕賱乇睾賲 賲賳 丕賳賴 賱賲 賷賰賳 賷噩亘 丕賱賲賵爻賷賯賷 賰孬賷乇丕 賯亘賱 匕賱賰 賰賲丕 丕毓鬲乇賮 賵賴賵 賷賮賰乇 亘丕乇爻丕賱 丕禺鬲賴 丕賱賷 丕賱賰賵賳爻乇賮鬲賵丕乇
賲賲丕 賷噩毓賱賰 鬲卮毓乇 丕賳賴 賳賵毓 賲賳 丕賳賵丕毓 丕賱賲乇囟 丕賱賳賮爻賷 , 乇亘賲丕 丕賱兀賰鬲卅丕亘 賲賳 丕賱賵丕賯毓 丕賱賲馗賱賲 賵丕賱乇睾亘丞 賮賷 賲爻鬲賯亘賱 兀賰孬乇 噩賲丕賱丕..賵賲賳 賲賳丕 賱賲 賷卮毓乇 亘賴匕丕 丕賱兀賰鬲卅丕亘 賵賴匕賴 丕賱乇睾亘丞責
賴匕賴 丕賱乇睾亘丞 賯丿 鬲噩毓賱賰 賮毓賱丕..睾乇賷亘 丕賱兀胤賵丕乇 賮賷 賲孬賱 匕賱賰 丕賱毓丕賱賲 丕賱賲馗賱賲
丕賱毓賲賱 丕賱卮丕賯 丕賱匕賷 賷賷噩乇丿 丕賳爻丕賳賷鬲賰 賵賷噩毓賱賰 賰賲噩乇丿 丨卮乇丞 鬲爻毓賷 賱賱乇夭賯
賮丨鬲賷 丕賱兀睾賱賮丞 丕賱鬲賷 馗賴乇鬲 賱賱乇賵丕賷丞 賵丕賱鬲賷 兀卮乇賮 毓賱賷賴丕 賰丕賮賰丕 賱賲 賷賰賳 亘賴丕 丨鬲賷 氐賵乇丞 賱賱丨卮乇丞, 賵廿賳賲丕 賱賱毓丕卅賱丞 兀賵 賱卮禺氐 賷禺賮賷 賵噩賴賴
毓丕賲丕 賰賱 鬲賱賰 丕賱賲卮丕毓乇 卮毓乇鬲 亘氐丿賯 賰鬲丕亘鬲賴丕 賵賵噩毓賴丕 賵兀賱賲賴丕
賷噩亘 丕賳 鬲賯乇兀 亘丕賱賮毓賱
亘丕賱賳爻亘丞 賱賱賳賴丕賷丞 賮毓賱丕 卮毓乇鬲 亘丕賳賴丕 睾乇賷亘丞,賰丕賳 賷賲賰賳 丕賳 鬲賰賵賳 丕賮囟賱 賰賲丕 丕毓鬲乇賮 賰丕賮賰丕 賳賮爻賴 賵賱賰賳賴丕 鬲馗賱 賲賱丕卅賲丞 賵乇賲夭賷丞..賵賷賰賮賷 丕賳賴 卮毓乇 亘丕丨丕爻賷爻賴 賰賱 賲賳 賯乇兀 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞..賵卮毓乇 亘賲毓丕賳丕丞 賰丕賮賰丕
Third read was after all that rant in my edition which I only liked a few of it all- It didn't tell me more than I already 'felt' about the story, some articles add more deep understanding to what I've already understand..but some was OVER-Analyze..may be away of what Kafka wanted to tell...
It's very sad story indeed, imagine that you become a burden on your family for unknowing, incurable sickness ,after you've been the sole support for your family....how you've been 'killing' yourself for bread winning to them..now they even can't look at you probably.
I've read Kafka's letters ,and with some of his real life sad story, He is a Metamorphosis himself...I felt it's not necessary a True Bug, it may be a sickness of the long time traveling and full time working, it may be just nervous breakdown or some other psychological illness..Who knows..It's a story about Feeling for me..that's why by my second reading I've felt more like the second picture I've add at the review..
And note that the original 1916 early edition's cover there's no an Actual Bug ,as well as most of the early ones.
*It's a Story about feelings and differences..I won't spoil it for you But read it and try to put yourself in the position of Samsa, and that's very easy since Kafka's writing style here is very easy yet very classic well written.
I felt how much he'd been longing for warm time with the family that hard work always kept him away of that...and then being sick..
I felt how hard for his family to accept him..how they can't stand look at him and felt sorry for them..it's human nature after all..
I felt how this "metamorphosis" progress even made him a bit better from inside, As when he learn how to taste the music -while he mention he didn't like it before- ...how it made him feel more responsible for his family, but can't do a thing now...
I felt very sad for the family..and of course more sorry for him...Samsa / Kafka..
And the rating is up from 3.5 to 4 just because Kafka's admitting -at the extra in this edition- that:
I am now reading The Metamorphosis at jome and find it bad.
"from The Diaries of Franz Kafka. Oct.20, 1913
Well,first read for me I felt it can be better,although I still felt very sad..but I also hate how was the ending at all,the last 4 or 5 pages I get it but it really can be better..well,his admitting that at his diaries made my rating higher.
Great antipathy to "Metamorphosis." Unreadable ending.
Imperfect almost to the foundation. It would have turned out much better if I had not been interrupted at the time by the business trip.
"from The Diaries of Franz Kafka. Jan.19, 1914
Well,Rest in Peace Kafka, your work has been felt by millions of people..
May God Bless your soul.
Mohammed Arabey
From May 31 2014
To June 13 2014
PS : Since I've read a 200 pages edition of a 50 pages only novel, I Know how it feels to read long rant about a novel, It's Kinda boring..So I've tried to make my review short...but couldn't :) sorry
August 14, 2021
Gregor鈥檚 transformation into a bug is no ordinary plight, and yet the fallout of this event is bitterly recognizable. Relatable, even. In fact, I associate myself with Gregor so exactly that it is almost as if Kafka had been writing鈥攊n his veiled, symbolic way鈥攁bout my queer anxieties, just as they are today, in this summer of 2021.
For context, let me briefly address what鈥檚 going on in my life before getting into the novel.
I am a thirty-two year old gay man who recently 鈥渃ame out鈥� to his deeply religious family. I use quotes here because I did not so much come out as stop tip-toeing around this aspect of my life. For several years my family has known about my boyfriend and yet believes any recognition of my relationship will 鈥渃ondone鈥� the abominable act. So they pretend he doesn鈥檛 exist. Whenever my boyfriend鈥檚 name comes up, they turn to ice, go completely silent until the topic moves on to something else. I can return home for a visit, provided I travel alone and never speak of my personal life, otherwise I am not invited.
Having finally grown exhausted of this game, I informed my parents and siblings that if I could not see them with my boyfriend by my side, I simply couldn鈥檛 see them anymore. The response was flat 鈥渢hen I guess we won鈥檛 see each other for a while.鈥� And by 鈥渇or a while鈥� the subtext is, until I鈥檓 not gay鈥攐r at least until I鈥檓 not openly gay.
With this dilemma bubbling around in my head, I found it shocking that every detail in Kafka鈥檚 bizarre 1915 novel served as a parable for my experience, and indeed many other queer experiences which I haven鈥檛 personally encountered. It begins with the image of a locked door.
Gregor鈥檚 titular metamorphosis occurs behind closed doors, with his entire family 鈥渒nock[ing] lightly鈥� from both the main entrance and a side door leading to Gregor鈥檚 room. The family understands something is wrong, Gregor is usually quite punctual for work, and his mother makes excuses on his behalf: 鈥溾€楬e is not well, believe me, Mr. Manager鈥he young man has nothing in his head except business. I鈥檓 almost angry that he never goes out at night.鈥�
Meanwhile, the sister goes so far as to 鈥渂eg鈥� him to come out. The irony is, of course, that once the family gains access to Gregor (and thus Gregor鈥檚 secret) they are appalled and close the door again. Such probing accusations鈥斺€溾€榃hat is wrong? You barricade yourself in your room, give us no more than yes or no for an answer, you are causing serious and unnecessary concern to your parents鈥︹€欌€濃€攈ave a familiar echo to my own experiences. These translate in my head as 鈥淲hy are you so quiet? Why don鈥檛 you ever pursue that cute girl? What is wrong with you?鈥�
To those on the outside, these seem like ordinary questions capable of ordinary answers. But being inside the locked room, you know these answers will destroy your family relationship. Even slight hints at the truth鈥攕uch as when Gregor hits his insect head against the door and makes a 鈥渟mall sound鈥濃€攈ave the chilling effect of 鈥渟ilenc[ing] everyone.鈥� That queer sound alone is enough for the family to freeze in horror. Not in optimism鈥攊s he communicating with us?鈥攂ut revulsion. Something they do not want shared with third parties. Something they would rather not think about themselves.
The phrase 鈥渃oming out of the closet鈥� has long been used for revealing one鈥檚 sexuality, with some evidence that similar comparisons were used in Kafka鈥檚 time. In any case, the closet metaphor serves well because the image of a tightly-spaced room, typically with no light source, accurately represents the stifling, oppressive feeling queer persons feel while hiding from a heterocentric society. The social recuperations of being 鈥渟een鈥� are too great a risk.
Existing in a dark space, one is used to eavesdropping, of analyzing how much light can be seen through the keyhole, of vast hope whenever someone accidentally leaves the door open鈥攁re they signaling acceptance? Is it safe to come out now?
Gregor similarly finds himself 鈥減ressed upright against the door and listening鈥� to his family talk about him to gauge how much he matters to them in his present form. He reads into everything he hears, hoping for signs that he is still part of the family, a 鈥渇riendly word.鈥�
There's a fleeting moment when the sister enters his room to tidy up and provide food. Feeling optimistic, Gregor makes himself seen鈥攕lightly鈥攖o test her level of acceptance. Her revulsion assures him the timing is not right, however, so he reverts deeper into his hiding place under the sofa鈥攁 closet within a closet. He goes so far as to spend 鈥渇our hours鈥� 鈥渄rag[ging] a sheet鈥� over the couch so that his sister does not have to endure seeing 鈥渟mall parts of his body鈥� which 鈥渟tuck out.鈥�
As a queer person with an unaccepting family, this dance is yet again all too familiar. I have my own sister who I imagine very much views me as a hideous bug; a blight on the family. As time goes on I imagine she will change, that even if my 鈥渂ugginess鈥� continues to bother her she will choose to accept a bug as family. On the phone, I occasionally push boundaries. When she asks 鈥淲hat did you do this weekend?鈥� I might daringly respond 鈥淢e and Ryan went to the movies鈥� to see what happens. So far the reaction has not changed. She still turns to ice, letting the dead silence linger on the line until I inevitably say 鈥淲hat did you do?鈥� so that she can promptly change the subject.
Like Gregor below the sofa, I usually limit my speech to 鈥淣othing really,鈥� or something sufficiently vague, as a courtesy to her so that she doesn鈥檛 have to be exposed to the grotesque details of my ordinary life. Or maybe I do it for me. It鈥檚 not worth hearing her disgust in that long, hate-filled silence. Either way, I鈥檓 a bug hiding beneath a sofa with a sheet draped over it.
That Gregor continues to love his sister, even after she becomes increasingly cruel, is not surprising鈥擨 too continue to love my obstinate sister鈥攂ecause there is so much textual evidence to show that the Samsa siblings were particularly close prior to the metamorphosis.
Gregor worked relentless hours to keep his family financially stable. He even set aside extra wages so he could 鈥渟end [his sister] to the conservatory.鈥� Today we could compare this to paying for her college tuition. Additionally, their names鈥擥regor and Grete鈥攈ave a similar ring to them and imply the two are a well-suited pair. Till the bitter end, even after she spearheads a plan to kill him, his sister is the one he trusts and admires most.
Another reason Gregor never condemns his sister鈥檚 cruelty is the common queer experience of internalized homophobia. This occurs when queer individuals begin to view themselves as abhorrent because that is how others view them. Lines such as 鈥渢here was, of course, no question of her ever becoming fully used to the situation鈥� and 鈥淸it is] a requirement of family duty to suppress one鈥檚 aversion and to endure 鈥� nothing else, just endure鈥� and 鈥渉is mother鈥as perhaps near death, thanks to him鈥� show a growing ideology that Gregor sees himself as a problem which, in the best of circumstances, can be begrudgingly tolerated and at worst is killing his family.
This internalized homophobia climaxes, as it often does for queer persons, in death. As he lay dying, with 鈥減ains throughout his entire body,鈥� Gregor feels 鈥渞elatively content,鈥� with 鈥渄eep feelings of love鈥� for his family. Most telling is the line: 鈥渉is own thought that he had to disappear was, if possible, even more decisive than his sister鈥檚.鈥�
After seeing himself as a burden on his family for so long, the reason for their unhappiness and the hideous creature they see in him, he is ready for his life to end because he feels it will be for the greater good.
Gregor鈥檚 death is not a suicide鈥攖hough his relief in death can certainly be viewed as suicide-esque鈥攂ut rather the result of a festering wound from an apple that his enraged father threw at him after Gregor un-hid himself in front of his mother, causing her great distress. The 鈥渇estering wound鈥� is one of the finest symbolic moments to illustrate that Gregor鈥檚 death is the result of lingering insult that sticks to the skin (or exoskeleton) long after the initial confrontation. Even Mr. Samsa鈥檚 fruit of choice carries the symbolic weight that particularly resonates with my experience growing up in a deeply religious household.
Gregor鈥檚 father hurls from a 鈥渇ruit bowl鈥� and yet, if the bowl contains a variety of fruits, it is only apples used for ammunition. Indeed, 鈥淚t was an apple鈥� is one of the shortest sentences of the novel, drawing particular attention to itself.
Apples are, of course, most famously associated with original sin in the Garden of Eden. Thus it is impossible for someone like me, whose own father is a Baptist minister, to miss the interpretation that Mr. Samsa鈥檚 apple-hurling is effectively calling Gregor鈥檚 existence a crime against God. These accusations, common in the queer experience, are also the most 鈥渟ticky鈥� and hardest to ignore. One can brush off homophobic friends and even, with more difficulty, family, but the belief that your life is an affront to God is鈥攁t least for the religious鈥攖he wound least likely to heal.
In case the religious implications of the apples are missed, Kafka includes crucifixion imagery in the same scene. After being 鈥渂ombarded鈥� by apples, Gregor describes feeling 鈥渁s if he was nailed in place and lay stretched out.鈥� The word choice here is almost certainly an allusion to Jesus hanging on the cross. Furthermore, to once again cement religion as an issue, Mr. Samsa鈥檚 reaction to his son鈥檚 death is 鈥溾€榃ell鈥ow we can give thanks to God.鈥欌€�
These references to God at such critical moments stand out like a banner within a queer interpretation. It is so easy to imagine a homophobic family thrilled by such a convenient conclusion to their social problem. For the Samsas, at least, that relief is immediate and apparent.
The blight hidden in their apartment, the thing which hurt them financially and tormented their religious beliefs, is, 鈥渢hank God,鈥� finally gone. There is no period of mourning, only an immediate desire to 鈥減ass that day resting and going for a stroll.鈥� Out in the 鈥渙pen air鈥� and 鈥渨arm sun鈥� they congratulate themselves on securing alternative sources of income without Gregor and are eager to blot out any memory of his existence.
Again, Kafka breaks my heart with a depiction that is all too familiar to me personally, and queer reality in a broad sense. Some form of disownment continues to be a reality for queer persons from unsupportive families. This is why, out of 1.6 million homeless youth, it is reported that a staggering 40% will identify as LGBT. Though I am independent and cannot be thrown out of doors, my family works hard to 鈥渆rase鈥� me in other ways, such as tucking away pictures, home movies and other artifacts that may remind my young nephew of my existence. If the family shows any level of support for a gay person, they fear, it could reverse his installed belief that homosexuality is a sin against God.
At this moment, it is worth backtracking to discuss the issue of how we should interpret Gregor in his insect form. I鈥檝e wrote a lot about viewing Gregor as a queer person, but how should we deal with the fictional reality of his being an insect? Should we only see his bug exterior as a metaphor for the queer experience? Or should we ever take the story at face value? That is, that he has literally transformed into a bug? Based on Kafka鈥檚 careful word choice, the answer seems to be a bit of both.
Kafka includes many examples where Gregor moves his tiny limbs, creeps about the ceiling, or eats rotten food to assure us that he has, indeed, become a bug. There should be no doubting the reality of that. And yet, it is also interesting that his insect form does not overwhelm the novel. Gregor does not linger on how this metamorphosis happened. At first he thinks he鈥檚 dreaming, but after waking up there is scarcely a wonder how this came to be. If I transformed into a bug, I would do nothing but wonder how this happened and how it might be fixed. What did I eat last? What chemicals was I exposed to? Did a witch curse me?
That Gregor does not question this only further illustrates that is aware he is queer and, frankly, always has been. Now the exterior only matches the interior, and the dilemma is in handling that reality.
Neither does Gregor鈥檚 family go to any length to uncover the mystery of the metamorphosis. They do not ask, for example, 鈥淗ow did this happen?鈥� or offer any medical assistance鈥攄espite there being a hospital right across the street, visible from Gregor鈥檚 window. Instead, their primary concerns are getting third parties out of the house so that rumor does not get around.
Kafka further blends the insect issue by making it unclear precisely what bug Gregor has transformed into. Why avoid a line which plainly states 鈥渉e was a cockroach!鈥� or 鈥渉e was a ladybug!鈥� 鈥� why not make it easier for the reader to picture the protagonist as a specific type of bug? This seems fairly obvious, that Kafka wants the reader to view Gregor as an outcast more than a bug. He wants the reader to read Gregor as a brother and a son, as someone who has been alienated by his own family. There can be some doubt on whether or not Kafka intended the queer implications of his novel鈥攎ore on that later鈥攂ut the ambiguous language is certainly meant to make the reader view Gregor as human as possible in his bug form.
Miraculously, Kafka does name a specific type of insect in relation to Gregor, but that insect is so full of innuendo that could also be used as a human insult. The maid, using a tone that 鈥渟he probably considered friendly鈥� taunts Gregor with such phrases as 鈥溾€榗ome on then, you old dung-beetle!鈥欌€� and 鈥溾€楲ook at the old dung-beetle there!鈥欌€�
For the queer reader, the interpretation of this scene is a familiar affront of homophobic slurs. Regardless of the maid's tone, she uses the equivalent of such phrases as 鈥渇udge-packer鈥� or 鈥減oop dick鈥� when she calls him a dung beetle. In her mind she might consider this address as an actual way to build a connection, a way of saying I know what you are, and it鈥檚 disgusting, but I鈥檓 trying to be your friend. Gregor, of course, like every gay person who鈥檚 experienced the exact same thing, does not find this hostility as an effective way to build bridges. So he reverts more, deeper still into his closet within a closet.
By now I hope my argument is convincing that The Metamorphosis can be read as a parable for the queer experience. This naturally leads to the question of authorial intent.
Did Kafka intend to write about the gay experience? Is this the 鈥渢rue鈥� interpretation of the novel that a century of scholars have yet to identify? Maybe, probably not. In truth, it doesn鈥檛 matter. It鈥檚 certainly possible for a heterosexual to write a canonical queer novel without intending to. Furthermore, the art of masterpieces is often found in their ability to warrant many interpretations.
But textual evidence is so overwhelming, so seemingly personal, that I can鈥檛 not dig into Kafka鈥檚 life. As it turns out, there are some clues which may readily validate a queer interpretation.
鈥淜afka had homosexual fantasies, but everyone does,鈥� writes Reiner Stach, one of Kafka's most dedicated biographers. He goes on to argue that it was Kafka鈥檚 ability to tap into these subconscious desires which make him such an enduring and brilliant writer.
Max Brod, a close friend of Kafka and the recipient of his estate, described his companion as 鈥渢ortured by his sexual desires鈥� though he did not clarify if those desires were same-sex.
It is true that Kafka never married, despite finding himself engaged to a number of attractive, eligible women. Yet another Kafka scholar, Saul Friedl盲nder, concluded that the famous author led these women on for social acceptance while he secretly fantasized about men.
It would have been almost clich茅 for a gay man in the early 1900s to be repeatedly engaged to women before breaking off the wedding last minute. This stereotype alone does not, of course, prove anything. But on the flip side, the knowledge that Kafka attended brothels, presumably for their female entertainment, likewise does not prove an exclusive interest in women. Investing in prostitutes is, in fact, a common 鈥渢reatment鈥� for homosexuality even today. The methodology seeming to be that once you try heterosexuality you will like it. Perhaps Kafka, riddled with a sense of self-loathing, went to brothels to 鈥渇ix鈥� himself so he could finally marry one of his many female companions? If you thought of yourself as a crawling, creeping cockroach, what extremes would you go to for a cure?
Recent research into Kafka鈥檚 private life has found he subscribed to pornography. This detail is hardly revealing, except that The Metamorphosis possibly alludes to porn. In the memorable scene where Gregor鈥檚 family is removing all furnishings from his room, he, in a last ditch effort to preserve at least one personal artifact, crawls upon the wall and presses himself against the picture of 鈥渁 woman dressed in nothing but fur.鈥� An act which, it is worth noting the sexual phrasing here, 鈥渕ade his hot abdomen feel good.鈥�
One interpretation is that this portrait is merely art, a token of his prior life, however Kafka makes it clear that the removal of furnishings is symbolic of giving up hope on his condition. Mrs. Samsa goes so far as to speak this out loud: 鈥溾€樷€y taking the furniture away, won鈥檛 it seem like we鈥檙e showing that we鈥檝e given up all hope of improvement and we鈥檙e abandoning him to cope for himself?鈥欌€�
Since this line is spoken it has the ability to influence Gregor鈥檚 thinking. The nude art is the thing he chooses to save possibly because he views it as the item most likely bring him back to normal. Again, for the gay man seeking to 鈥渃hange鈥� his sexual orientation, pornographic depictions of women might be seen as medicine.
Of course there are other interpretations. Indeed almost anyone who has ever felt alienated from society, misunderstood, abused, or suffered from some ailment which the rest of the world doesn鈥檛 seem to understand, can imprint themselves on Gregor鈥檚 situation. This is not a fault of the novel, but rather one of its touchstone achievements.
Still, whether intended or not, Kafka鈥檚 tragic tableau tells the story of homophobia in society and within the home. As more queer readers respond to this novel and share their personal connections to it, I suspect there will be more recognition of its relevance as a queer literary landmark.
For context, let me briefly address what鈥檚 going on in my life before getting into the novel.
I am a thirty-two year old gay man who recently 鈥渃ame out鈥� to his deeply religious family. I use quotes here because I did not so much come out as stop tip-toeing around this aspect of my life. For several years my family has known about my boyfriend and yet believes any recognition of my relationship will 鈥渃ondone鈥� the abominable act. So they pretend he doesn鈥檛 exist. Whenever my boyfriend鈥檚 name comes up, they turn to ice, go completely silent until the topic moves on to something else. I can return home for a visit, provided I travel alone and never speak of my personal life, otherwise I am not invited.
Having finally grown exhausted of this game, I informed my parents and siblings that if I could not see them with my boyfriend by my side, I simply couldn鈥檛 see them anymore. The response was flat 鈥渢hen I guess we won鈥檛 see each other for a while.鈥� And by 鈥渇or a while鈥� the subtext is, until I鈥檓 not gay鈥攐r at least until I鈥檓 not openly gay.
With this dilemma bubbling around in my head, I found it shocking that every detail in Kafka鈥檚 bizarre 1915 novel served as a parable for my experience, and indeed many other queer experiences which I haven鈥檛 personally encountered. It begins with the image of a locked door.
Gregor鈥檚 titular metamorphosis occurs behind closed doors, with his entire family 鈥渒nock[ing] lightly鈥� from both the main entrance and a side door leading to Gregor鈥檚 room. The family understands something is wrong, Gregor is usually quite punctual for work, and his mother makes excuses on his behalf: 鈥溾€楬e is not well, believe me, Mr. Manager鈥he young man has nothing in his head except business. I鈥檓 almost angry that he never goes out at night.鈥�
Meanwhile, the sister goes so far as to 鈥渂eg鈥� him to come out. The irony is, of course, that once the family gains access to Gregor (and thus Gregor鈥檚 secret) they are appalled and close the door again. Such probing accusations鈥斺€溾€榃hat is wrong? You barricade yourself in your room, give us no more than yes or no for an answer, you are causing serious and unnecessary concern to your parents鈥︹€欌€濃€攈ave a familiar echo to my own experiences. These translate in my head as 鈥淲hy are you so quiet? Why don鈥檛 you ever pursue that cute girl? What is wrong with you?鈥�
To those on the outside, these seem like ordinary questions capable of ordinary answers. But being inside the locked room, you know these answers will destroy your family relationship. Even slight hints at the truth鈥攕uch as when Gregor hits his insect head against the door and makes a 鈥渟mall sound鈥濃€攈ave the chilling effect of 鈥渟ilenc[ing] everyone.鈥� That queer sound alone is enough for the family to freeze in horror. Not in optimism鈥攊s he communicating with us?鈥攂ut revulsion. Something they do not want shared with third parties. Something they would rather not think about themselves.
The phrase 鈥渃oming out of the closet鈥� has long been used for revealing one鈥檚 sexuality, with some evidence that similar comparisons were used in Kafka鈥檚 time. In any case, the closet metaphor serves well because the image of a tightly-spaced room, typically with no light source, accurately represents the stifling, oppressive feeling queer persons feel while hiding from a heterocentric society. The social recuperations of being 鈥渟een鈥� are too great a risk.
Existing in a dark space, one is used to eavesdropping, of analyzing how much light can be seen through the keyhole, of vast hope whenever someone accidentally leaves the door open鈥攁re they signaling acceptance? Is it safe to come out now?
Gregor similarly finds himself 鈥減ressed upright against the door and listening鈥� to his family talk about him to gauge how much he matters to them in his present form. He reads into everything he hears, hoping for signs that he is still part of the family, a 鈥渇riendly word.鈥�
There's a fleeting moment when the sister enters his room to tidy up and provide food. Feeling optimistic, Gregor makes himself seen鈥攕lightly鈥攖o test her level of acceptance. Her revulsion assures him the timing is not right, however, so he reverts deeper into his hiding place under the sofa鈥攁 closet within a closet. He goes so far as to spend 鈥渇our hours鈥� 鈥渄rag[ging] a sheet鈥� over the couch so that his sister does not have to endure seeing 鈥渟mall parts of his body鈥� which 鈥渟tuck out.鈥�
As a queer person with an unaccepting family, this dance is yet again all too familiar. I have my own sister who I imagine very much views me as a hideous bug; a blight on the family. As time goes on I imagine she will change, that even if my 鈥渂ugginess鈥� continues to bother her she will choose to accept a bug as family. On the phone, I occasionally push boundaries. When she asks 鈥淲hat did you do this weekend?鈥� I might daringly respond 鈥淢e and Ryan went to the movies鈥� to see what happens. So far the reaction has not changed. She still turns to ice, letting the dead silence linger on the line until I inevitably say 鈥淲hat did you do?鈥� so that she can promptly change the subject.
Like Gregor below the sofa, I usually limit my speech to 鈥淣othing really,鈥� or something sufficiently vague, as a courtesy to her so that she doesn鈥檛 have to be exposed to the grotesque details of my ordinary life. Or maybe I do it for me. It鈥檚 not worth hearing her disgust in that long, hate-filled silence. Either way, I鈥檓 a bug hiding beneath a sofa with a sheet draped over it.
That Gregor continues to love his sister, even after she becomes increasingly cruel, is not surprising鈥擨 too continue to love my obstinate sister鈥攂ecause there is so much textual evidence to show that the Samsa siblings were particularly close prior to the metamorphosis.
Gregor worked relentless hours to keep his family financially stable. He even set aside extra wages so he could 鈥渟end [his sister] to the conservatory.鈥� Today we could compare this to paying for her college tuition. Additionally, their names鈥擥regor and Grete鈥攈ave a similar ring to them and imply the two are a well-suited pair. Till the bitter end, even after she spearheads a plan to kill him, his sister is the one he trusts and admires most.
Another reason Gregor never condemns his sister鈥檚 cruelty is the common queer experience of internalized homophobia. This occurs when queer individuals begin to view themselves as abhorrent because that is how others view them. Lines such as 鈥渢here was, of course, no question of her ever becoming fully used to the situation鈥� and 鈥淸it is] a requirement of family duty to suppress one鈥檚 aversion and to endure 鈥� nothing else, just endure鈥� and 鈥渉is mother鈥as perhaps near death, thanks to him鈥� show a growing ideology that Gregor sees himself as a problem which, in the best of circumstances, can be begrudgingly tolerated and at worst is killing his family.
This internalized homophobia climaxes, as it often does for queer persons, in death. As he lay dying, with 鈥減ains throughout his entire body,鈥� Gregor feels 鈥渞elatively content,鈥� with 鈥渄eep feelings of love鈥� for his family. Most telling is the line: 鈥渉is own thought that he had to disappear was, if possible, even more decisive than his sister鈥檚.鈥�
After seeing himself as a burden on his family for so long, the reason for their unhappiness and the hideous creature they see in him, he is ready for his life to end because he feels it will be for the greater good.
Gregor鈥檚 death is not a suicide鈥攖hough his relief in death can certainly be viewed as suicide-esque鈥攂ut rather the result of a festering wound from an apple that his enraged father threw at him after Gregor un-hid himself in front of his mother, causing her great distress. The 鈥渇estering wound鈥� is one of the finest symbolic moments to illustrate that Gregor鈥檚 death is the result of lingering insult that sticks to the skin (or exoskeleton) long after the initial confrontation. Even Mr. Samsa鈥檚 fruit of choice carries the symbolic weight that particularly resonates with my experience growing up in a deeply religious household.
Gregor鈥檚 father hurls from a 鈥渇ruit bowl鈥� and yet, if the bowl contains a variety of fruits, it is only apples used for ammunition. Indeed, 鈥淚t was an apple鈥� is one of the shortest sentences of the novel, drawing particular attention to itself.
Apples are, of course, most famously associated with original sin in the Garden of Eden. Thus it is impossible for someone like me, whose own father is a Baptist minister, to miss the interpretation that Mr. Samsa鈥檚 apple-hurling is effectively calling Gregor鈥檚 existence a crime against God. These accusations, common in the queer experience, are also the most 鈥渟ticky鈥� and hardest to ignore. One can brush off homophobic friends and even, with more difficulty, family, but the belief that your life is an affront to God is鈥攁t least for the religious鈥攖he wound least likely to heal.
In case the religious implications of the apples are missed, Kafka includes crucifixion imagery in the same scene. After being 鈥渂ombarded鈥� by apples, Gregor describes feeling 鈥渁s if he was nailed in place and lay stretched out.鈥� The word choice here is almost certainly an allusion to Jesus hanging on the cross. Furthermore, to once again cement religion as an issue, Mr. Samsa鈥檚 reaction to his son鈥檚 death is 鈥溾€榃ell鈥ow we can give thanks to God.鈥欌€�
These references to God at such critical moments stand out like a banner within a queer interpretation. It is so easy to imagine a homophobic family thrilled by such a convenient conclusion to their social problem. For the Samsas, at least, that relief is immediate and apparent.
The blight hidden in their apartment, the thing which hurt them financially and tormented their religious beliefs, is, 鈥渢hank God,鈥� finally gone. There is no period of mourning, only an immediate desire to 鈥減ass that day resting and going for a stroll.鈥� Out in the 鈥渙pen air鈥� and 鈥渨arm sun鈥� they congratulate themselves on securing alternative sources of income without Gregor and are eager to blot out any memory of his existence.
Again, Kafka breaks my heart with a depiction that is all too familiar to me personally, and queer reality in a broad sense. Some form of disownment continues to be a reality for queer persons from unsupportive families. This is why, out of 1.6 million homeless youth, it is reported that a staggering 40% will identify as LGBT. Though I am independent and cannot be thrown out of doors, my family works hard to 鈥渆rase鈥� me in other ways, such as tucking away pictures, home movies and other artifacts that may remind my young nephew of my existence. If the family shows any level of support for a gay person, they fear, it could reverse his installed belief that homosexuality is a sin against God.
At this moment, it is worth backtracking to discuss the issue of how we should interpret Gregor in his insect form. I鈥檝e wrote a lot about viewing Gregor as a queer person, but how should we deal with the fictional reality of his being an insect? Should we only see his bug exterior as a metaphor for the queer experience? Or should we ever take the story at face value? That is, that he has literally transformed into a bug? Based on Kafka鈥檚 careful word choice, the answer seems to be a bit of both.
Kafka includes many examples where Gregor moves his tiny limbs, creeps about the ceiling, or eats rotten food to assure us that he has, indeed, become a bug. There should be no doubting the reality of that. And yet, it is also interesting that his insect form does not overwhelm the novel. Gregor does not linger on how this metamorphosis happened. At first he thinks he鈥檚 dreaming, but after waking up there is scarcely a wonder how this came to be. If I transformed into a bug, I would do nothing but wonder how this happened and how it might be fixed. What did I eat last? What chemicals was I exposed to? Did a witch curse me?
That Gregor does not question this only further illustrates that is aware he is queer and, frankly, always has been. Now the exterior only matches the interior, and the dilemma is in handling that reality.
Neither does Gregor鈥檚 family go to any length to uncover the mystery of the metamorphosis. They do not ask, for example, 鈥淗ow did this happen?鈥� or offer any medical assistance鈥攄espite there being a hospital right across the street, visible from Gregor鈥檚 window. Instead, their primary concerns are getting third parties out of the house so that rumor does not get around.
Kafka further blends the insect issue by making it unclear precisely what bug Gregor has transformed into. Why avoid a line which plainly states 鈥渉e was a cockroach!鈥� or 鈥渉e was a ladybug!鈥� 鈥� why not make it easier for the reader to picture the protagonist as a specific type of bug? This seems fairly obvious, that Kafka wants the reader to view Gregor as an outcast more than a bug. He wants the reader to read Gregor as a brother and a son, as someone who has been alienated by his own family. There can be some doubt on whether or not Kafka intended the queer implications of his novel鈥攎ore on that later鈥攂ut the ambiguous language is certainly meant to make the reader view Gregor as human as possible in his bug form.
Miraculously, Kafka does name a specific type of insect in relation to Gregor, but that insect is so full of innuendo that could also be used as a human insult. The maid, using a tone that 鈥渟he probably considered friendly鈥� taunts Gregor with such phrases as 鈥溾€榗ome on then, you old dung-beetle!鈥欌€� and 鈥溾€楲ook at the old dung-beetle there!鈥欌€�
For the queer reader, the interpretation of this scene is a familiar affront of homophobic slurs. Regardless of the maid's tone, she uses the equivalent of such phrases as 鈥渇udge-packer鈥� or 鈥減oop dick鈥� when she calls him a dung beetle. In her mind she might consider this address as an actual way to build a connection, a way of saying I know what you are, and it鈥檚 disgusting, but I鈥檓 trying to be your friend. Gregor, of course, like every gay person who鈥檚 experienced the exact same thing, does not find this hostility as an effective way to build bridges. So he reverts more, deeper still into his closet within a closet.
By now I hope my argument is convincing that The Metamorphosis can be read as a parable for the queer experience. This naturally leads to the question of authorial intent.
Did Kafka intend to write about the gay experience? Is this the 鈥渢rue鈥� interpretation of the novel that a century of scholars have yet to identify? Maybe, probably not. In truth, it doesn鈥檛 matter. It鈥檚 certainly possible for a heterosexual to write a canonical queer novel without intending to. Furthermore, the art of masterpieces is often found in their ability to warrant many interpretations.
But textual evidence is so overwhelming, so seemingly personal, that I can鈥檛 not dig into Kafka鈥檚 life. As it turns out, there are some clues which may readily validate a queer interpretation.
鈥淜afka had homosexual fantasies, but everyone does,鈥� writes Reiner Stach, one of Kafka's most dedicated biographers. He goes on to argue that it was Kafka鈥檚 ability to tap into these subconscious desires which make him such an enduring and brilliant writer.
Max Brod, a close friend of Kafka and the recipient of his estate, described his companion as 鈥渢ortured by his sexual desires鈥� though he did not clarify if those desires were same-sex.
It is true that Kafka never married, despite finding himself engaged to a number of attractive, eligible women. Yet another Kafka scholar, Saul Friedl盲nder, concluded that the famous author led these women on for social acceptance while he secretly fantasized about men.
It would have been almost clich茅 for a gay man in the early 1900s to be repeatedly engaged to women before breaking off the wedding last minute. This stereotype alone does not, of course, prove anything. But on the flip side, the knowledge that Kafka attended brothels, presumably for their female entertainment, likewise does not prove an exclusive interest in women. Investing in prostitutes is, in fact, a common 鈥渢reatment鈥� for homosexuality even today. The methodology seeming to be that once you try heterosexuality you will like it. Perhaps Kafka, riddled with a sense of self-loathing, went to brothels to 鈥渇ix鈥� himself so he could finally marry one of his many female companions? If you thought of yourself as a crawling, creeping cockroach, what extremes would you go to for a cure?
Recent research into Kafka鈥檚 private life has found he subscribed to pornography. This detail is hardly revealing, except that The Metamorphosis possibly alludes to porn. In the memorable scene where Gregor鈥檚 family is removing all furnishings from his room, he, in a last ditch effort to preserve at least one personal artifact, crawls upon the wall and presses himself against the picture of 鈥渁 woman dressed in nothing but fur.鈥� An act which, it is worth noting the sexual phrasing here, 鈥渕ade his hot abdomen feel good.鈥�
One interpretation is that this portrait is merely art, a token of his prior life, however Kafka makes it clear that the removal of furnishings is symbolic of giving up hope on his condition. Mrs. Samsa goes so far as to speak this out loud: 鈥溾€樷€y taking the furniture away, won鈥檛 it seem like we鈥檙e showing that we鈥檝e given up all hope of improvement and we鈥檙e abandoning him to cope for himself?鈥欌€�
Since this line is spoken it has the ability to influence Gregor鈥檚 thinking. The nude art is the thing he chooses to save possibly because he views it as the item most likely bring him back to normal. Again, for the gay man seeking to 鈥渃hange鈥� his sexual orientation, pornographic depictions of women might be seen as medicine.
Of course there are other interpretations. Indeed almost anyone who has ever felt alienated from society, misunderstood, abused, or suffered from some ailment which the rest of the world doesn鈥檛 seem to understand, can imprint themselves on Gregor鈥檚 situation. This is not a fault of the novel, but rather one of its touchstone achievements.
Still, whether intended or not, Kafka鈥檚 tragic tableau tells the story of homophobia in society and within the home. As more queer readers respond to this novel and share their personal connections to it, I suspect there will be more recognition of its relevance as a queer literary landmark.
August 1, 2021
Die Verwandlung und Der J盲ger Gracchus = The Metamorphosis and The Hunter Gracchus, Franz Kafka
The Metamorphosis is a novella written by Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915.
One of Kafka's best-known works, The Metamorphosis tells the story of salesman Gregor Samsa who wakes one morning to find himself inexplicably transformed into a huge insect and subsequently struggling to adjust to this new condition.
The novella has been widely discussed among literary critics, with differing interpretations being offered.
The Hunter Gracchus is a short story by Franz Kafka.
The story presents a boat carrying the long-dead Hunter Gracchus as it arrives at a port.
The mayor of Riva meets Gracchus, who gives him an account of his death while hunting, and explains that he is destined to wander aimlessly and eternally over the seas.
An additional fragment presents an extended dialogue between Gracchus and an unnamed interviewer, presumably the same mayor.
鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 爻丕賱 1974賲蹖賱丕丿蹖貨 亘丕乇 丿蹖诏乇: 乇賵夭 丿賴賲 賲丕賴 賳賵丕賲亘乇 爻丕賱 1995賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
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賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 鬲乇噩賲賴 賮丕乇爻蹖 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 丕夭 賲鬲賳 芦賮乇丕賳爻賴禄 亘賴 賯賱賲 乇賵丕賳卮丕丿 芦氐丕丿賯 賴丿丕蹖鬲禄 賲賳鬲卮乇 卮丿貨 爻倬爻 鬲乇噩賲賴 亘丕賳賵 芦賮乇夭丕賳賴 胤丕賴乇蹖禄 丿乇 爻丕賱1358賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貙 鬲賵爻胤 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 芦賳蹖賱賵賮乇禄貙 讴賴 丕夭 賲鬲賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴 亘賵丿貙 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 蹖丕賮鬲貨 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 丿蹖诏乇蹖 賳蹖夭 丕夭 噩賳丕亘 芦毓賱蹖 丕氐睾乇 丨丿丕丿禄 乇丕貙 讴賴 丕夭 賲鬲賳 丕氐賱蹖 賵 丕夭 夭亘丕賳 芦丌賱賲丕賳蹖禄 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴貙 賳卮乇 芦賲丕賴蹖禄 賲賳鬲卮乇 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲貨
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 讴賵鬲丕賴 芦賲賻爻禺禄 丕孬乇 芦賮乇丕賳鬲爻 讴丕賮讴丕禄 丕爻鬲貨 讴賴 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 亘丕乇 丿乇 賲丕賴 丕讴鬲亘乇 爻丕賱 1915賲蹖賱丕丿蹖貙 丿乇 芦賱丕蹖倬夭蹖诏禄 亘賴 趩丕倬 乇爻蹖丿貨 芦賲爻禺禄 丕夭 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 丌孬丕乇 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 賮丕賳鬲夭蹖 爻丿賴 蹖 亘蹖爻鬲賲 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲貙 讴賴 丿乇 丿丕賳卮讴丿賴鈥� 賴丕 賵 丌賲賵夭卮诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 爻乇丕爻乇 噩賴丕賳 睾乇亘貙 鬲丿乇蹖爻 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�
丿丕爻鬲丕賳貙 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賮乇賵卮賳丿賴 蹖 噩賵丕賳蹖 亘賴 賳丕賲 芦诏乇诏賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕禄 丕爻鬲貨 讴賴 蹖讴乇賵夭 氐亘丨 丕夭 禺賵丕亘 亘蹖丿丕乇貙 賵 賲鬲賵噩賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴賴 亘賴 蹖讴 賲禺賱賵賯 賳賮乇鬲鈥� 丕賳诏蹖夭 丨卮乇賴鈥� 賲丕賳賳丿貙 鬲亘丿蹖賱 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲貨 丿賱蹖賱 芦賲爻禺禄 卮丿賳 芦爻丕賲爻丕禄貙 丿乇 胤賵賱 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 亘丕夭诏賵 賳賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 禺賵丿 芦讴丕賮讴丕禄 賳蹖夭貙 賴蹖趩诏丕賴 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丌賳 鬲賵囟蹖丨蹖 賳丿丕丿賳丿貨 賱丨賳 乇賵卮賳貙 丿賯蹖賯貙 賵 乇爻賲蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 鬲囟丕丿蹖 丨蹖乇鬲 丕賳诏蹖夭貙 亘丕 賲賵囟賵毓 讴丕亘賵爻鈥屬堌ж� 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿丕乇丿貨
賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賳丕亘丕讴賵賮貙 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕蹖賳 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 诏賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲: (丕诏乇 讴爻蹖 芦賲爻禺禄 芦讴丕賮讴丕禄 乇丕 趩蹖夭蹖 亘蹖卮 丕夭 蹖讴 禺蹖丕賱鈥屬矩必ж槽� 丨卮乇賴鈥� 卮賳丕爻丕賳賴 亘丿丕賳丿貙 亘賴 丕賵 鬲亘乇蹖讴 賲蹖鈥屭堐屬呚� 趩賵賳 亘賴 氐賮 禺賵丕賳卮诏乇丕賳 禺賵亘貙 賵 亘夭乇诏 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 丕爻鬲.)貨
賲鬲乇噩賲 賮乇丕賳爻賵蹖 芦賲爻禺禄 亘丕賵乇 丿丕乇丿 讴賴: (芦诏乇诏賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕禄貙 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 讴賳丕蹖賴鈥� 丕蹖 丕夭 卮禺氐蹖鬲 禺賵丿 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 芦讴丕賮讴丕禄 丕爻鬲貨
賳賯賱 丕夭 賲鬲賳 倬卮鬲 噩賱丿 讴鬲丕亘: (賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 讴賲蹖丕亘蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 亘丕乇貙 爻亘讴 賵 賮讴乇 賵 賲賵囟賵毓 鬲丕夭賴 丕蹖 乇丕 亘賴 賲蹖丕賳 賲蹖讴卮賳丿貙 亘賴 禺氐賵氐 賲毓賳蹖 噩丿蹖丿 賲蹖丌賵乇賳丿貨 讴賴 倬蹖卮 丕夭 丌賳賴丕 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲貨 芦讴丕賮讴丕禄 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賴賳乇賲賳丿鬲乇蹖賳 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲賴 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 賲蹖丌蹖賳丿貨 禺賵丕賳卮诏乇蹖 讴賴 亘丕 丿賳蹖丕蹖 芦讴丕賮讴丕禄 爻乇 賵 讴丕乇 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖讴賳丿貙 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖讴賴 禺乇丿 賵 禺蹖乇賴 卮丿賴貙 亘丕夭 賴賲 亘賴 爻賵蹖卮 讴卮蹖丿賴 賲蹖卮賵丿貨 賴賲蹖賳 讴賴 丕夭 丌爻鬲丕賳賴 蹖 丿賳蹖丕蹖卮 诏匕卮鬲貙 鬲兀孬蹖乇 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 禺賵丿 賳蹖夭 丨爻 賲蹖讴賳丿貙 賵 倬蹖 賲蹖亘乇丿貙 讴賴 丿賳蹖丕 丌賳賯丿乇 賴賲 亘賳 亘爻鬲 賳亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲.)貨 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳賯賱
鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 12/07/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 09/05/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
The Metamorphosis is a novella written by Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915.
One of Kafka's best-known works, The Metamorphosis tells the story of salesman Gregor Samsa who wakes one morning to find himself inexplicably transformed into a huge insect and subsequently struggling to adjust to this new condition.
The novella has been widely discussed among literary critics, with differing interpretations being offered.
The Hunter Gracchus is a short story by Franz Kafka.
The story presents a boat carrying the long-dead Hunter Gracchus as it arrives at a port.
The mayor of Riva meets Gracchus, who gives him an account of his death while hunting, and explains that he is destined to wander aimlessly and eternally over the seas.
An additional fragment presents an extended dialogue between Gracchus and an unnamed interviewer, presumably the same mayor.
鬲丕乇蹖禺 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 禺賵丕賳卮: 爻丕賱 1974賲蹖賱丕丿蹖貨 亘丕乇 丿蹖诏乇: 乇賵夭 丿賴賲 賲丕賴 賳賵丕賲亘乇 爻丕賱 1995賲蹖賱丕丿蹖
毓賳賵丕賳: 賲爻禺 賵 诏乇丕讴賵爻 (诏乇丕趩賵爻) 卮讴丕乇趩蹖貨 賳賵卮鬲賴: 賮乇丕賳鬲爻 讴丕賮讴丕貨 賲鬲乇噩賲: 氐丕丿賯 賴丿丕蹖鬲貨 讴鬲丕亘 丿乇 賯胤毓 噩蹖亘蹖 賵 卮丕賲賱 丿丕爻鬲丕賳賴丕蹖: (賲爻禺貨 诏乇丕讴賵爻 卮讴丕乇趩蹖貨 卮賲卮蹖乇貨 丿乇 讴賳蹖爻賴 賲丕)貨 賲賵囟賵毓 丿丕爻鬲丕賳賴丕蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 丌賱賲丕賳 - 爻丿賴 20賲
賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 鬲乇噩賲賴 賮丕乇爻蹖 丕蹖賳 丕孬乇 丕夭 賲鬲賳 芦賮乇丕賳爻賴禄 亘賴 賯賱賲 乇賵丕賳卮丕丿 芦氐丕丿賯 賴丿丕蹖鬲禄 賲賳鬲卮乇 卮丿貨 爻倬爻 鬲乇噩賲賴 亘丕賳賵 芦賮乇夭丕賳賴 胤丕賴乇蹖禄 丿乇 爻丕賱1358賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貙 鬲賵爻胤 丕賳鬲卮丕乇丕鬲 芦賳蹖賱賵賮乇禄貙 讴賴 丕夭 賲鬲賳 丕賳诏賱蹖爻蹖 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴 亘賵丿貙 丕賳鬲卮丕乇 蹖丕賮鬲貨 鬲乇噩賲賴 蹖 丿蹖诏乇蹖 賳蹖夭 丕夭 噩賳丕亘 芦毓賱蹖 丕氐睾乇 丨丿丕丿禄 乇丕貙 讴賴 丕夭 賲鬲賳 丕氐賱蹖 賵 丕夭 夭亘丕賳 芦丌賱賲丕賳蹖禄 鬲乇噩賲賴 卮丿賴貙 賳卮乇 芦賲丕賴蹖禄 賲賳鬲卮乇 讴乇丿賴 丕爻鬲貨
丿丕爻鬲丕賳 讴賵鬲丕賴 芦賲賻爻禺禄 丕孬乇 芦賮乇丕賳鬲爻 讴丕賮讴丕禄 丕爻鬲貨 讴賴 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 亘丕乇 丿乇 賲丕賴 丕讴鬲亘乇 爻丕賱 1915賲蹖賱丕丿蹖貙 丿乇 芦賱丕蹖倬夭蹖诏禄 亘賴 趩丕倬 乇爻蹖丿貨 芦賲爻禺禄 丕夭 賲賴賲鬲乇蹖賳 丌孬丕乇 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 賮丕賳鬲夭蹖 爻丿賴 蹖 亘蹖爻鬲賲 賲蹖賱丕丿蹖 丕爻鬲貙 讴賴 丿乇 丿丕賳卮讴丿賴鈥� 賴丕 賵 丌賲賵夭卮诏丕賴鈥屬囏й� 丕丿亘蹖丕鬲 爻乇丕爻乇 噩賴丕賳 睾乇亘貙 鬲丿乇蹖爻 賲蹖鈥屫促堌�
丿丕爻鬲丕賳貙 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 賮乇賵卮賳丿賴 蹖 噩賵丕賳蹖 亘賴 賳丕賲 芦诏乇诏賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕禄 丕爻鬲貨 讴賴 蹖讴乇賵夭 氐亘丨 丕夭 禺賵丕亘 亘蹖丿丕乇貙 賵 賲鬲賵噩賴 賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 讴賴 亘賴 蹖讴 賲禺賱賵賯 賳賮乇鬲鈥� 丕賳诏蹖夭 丨卮乇賴鈥� 賲丕賳賳丿貙 鬲亘丿蹖賱 卮丿賴 丕爻鬲貨 丿賱蹖賱 芦賲爻禺禄 卮丿賳 芦爻丕賲爻丕禄貙 丿乇 胤賵賱 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 亘丕夭诏賵 賳賲蹖鈥屫促堌� 賵 禺賵丿 芦讴丕賮讴丕禄 賳蹖夭貙 賴蹖趩诏丕賴 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丌賳 鬲賵囟蹖丨蹖 賳丿丕丿賳丿貨 賱丨賳 乇賵卮賳貙 丿賯蹖賯貙 賵 乇爻賲蹖 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 丿乇 丕蹖賳 讴鬲丕亘貙 鬲囟丕丿蹖 丨蹖乇鬲 丕賳诏蹖夭貙 亘丕 賲賵囟賵毓 讴丕亘賵爻鈥屬堌ж� 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 丿丕乇丿貨
賵賱丕丿蹖賲蹖乇 賳丕亘丕讴賵賮貙 丿乇 賲賵乇丿 丕蹖賳 丿丕爻鬲丕賳 诏賮鬲賴 丕爻鬲: (丕诏乇 讴爻蹖 芦賲爻禺禄 芦讴丕賮讴丕禄 乇丕 趩蹖夭蹖 亘蹖卮 丕夭 蹖讴 禺蹖丕賱鈥屬矩必ж槽� 丨卮乇賴鈥� 卮賳丕爻丕賳賴 亘丿丕賳丿貙 亘賴 丕賵 鬲亘乇蹖讴 賲蹖鈥屭堐屬呚� 趩賵賳 亘賴 氐賮 禺賵丕賳卮诏乇丕賳 禺賵亘貙 賵 亘夭乇诏 倬蹖賵爻鬲賴 丕爻鬲.)貨
賲鬲乇噩賲 賮乇丕賳爻賵蹖 芦賲爻禺禄 亘丕賵乇 丿丕乇丿 讴賴: (芦诏乇诏賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕禄貙 丿乇 賵丕賯毓 讴賳丕蹖賴鈥� 丕蹖 丕夭 卮禺氐蹖鬲 禺賵丿 賳賵蹖爻賳丿賴 芦讴丕賮讴丕禄 丕爻鬲貨
賳賯賱 丕夭 賲鬲賳 倬卮鬲 噩賱丿 讴鬲丕亘: (賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 讴賲蹖丕亘蹖 賴爻鬲賳丿 讴賴 亘乇丕蹖 賳禺爻鬲蹖賳 亘丕乇貙 爻亘讴 賵 賮讴乇 賵 賲賵囟賵毓 鬲丕夭賴 丕蹖 乇丕 亘賴 賲蹖丕賳 賲蹖讴卮賳丿貙 亘賴 禺氐賵氐 賲毓賳蹖 噩丿蹖丿 賲蹖丌賵乇賳丿貨 讴賴 倬蹖卮 丕夭 丌賳賴丕 賵噩賵丿 賳丿丕卮鬲賴 丕爻鬲貨 芦讴丕賮讴丕禄 蹖讴蹖 丕夭 賴賳乇賲賳丿鬲乇蹖賳 賳賵蹖爻賳丿诏丕賳 丕蹖賳 丿爻鬲賴 亘賴 卮賲丕乇 賲蹖丌蹖賳丿貨 禺賵丕賳卮诏乇蹖 讴賴 亘丕 丿賳蹖丕蹖 芦讴丕賮讴丕禄 爻乇 賵 讴丕乇 倬蹖丿丕 賲蹖讴賳丿貙 丿乇 丨丕賱蹖讴賴 禺乇丿 賵 禺蹖乇賴 卮丿賴貙 亘丕夭 賴賲 亘賴 爻賵蹖卮 讴卮蹖丿賴 賲蹖卮賵丿貨 賴賲蹖賳 讴賴 丕夭 丌爻鬲丕賳賴 蹖 丿賳蹖丕蹖卮 诏匕卮鬲貙 鬲兀孬蹖乇 丌賳 乇丕 丿乇 夭賳丿诏蹖 禺賵丿 賳蹖夭 丨爻 賲蹖讴賳丿貙 賵 倬蹖 賲蹖亘乇丿貙 讴賴 丿賳蹖丕 丌賳賯丿乇 賴賲 亘賳 亘爻鬲 賳亘賵丿賴 丕爻鬲.)貨 倬丕蹖丕賳 賳賯賱
鬲丕乇蹖禺 亘賴賳诏丕賲 乇爻丕賳蹖 12/07/1399賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 09/05/1400賴噩乇蹖 禺賵乇卮蹖丿蹖貨 丕. 卮乇亘蹖丕賳蹖
April 6, 2023
賷賯丕賱 丕賳 噩丕匕亘賷丞 丕賱賮乇丕卮 賮賷 丕賱氐亘丕丨 鬲賰賵賳 毓卮乇丞 兀囟毓丕賮 丕賱噩丕匕亘賷丞 丕賱兀乇囟賷丞. 賮爻賵丕亍 賰賳鬲 胤丕賱亘丕 兀賵 毓丕賲賱丕 兀賵 丨鬲賷 乇亘丞 賲賳夭賱 賮賱爻賵賮 鬲賮毓賱 賰賱 賲丕 鬲爻鬲胤賷毓 賱鬲兀噩賷賱 賱丨馗丞 賲睾丕丿乇丞 丕賱賮乇丕卮 氐亘丕丨丕 爻賷賲丕 賵 丕賳 賵噩丿鬲 賲賮丕噩兀丞 睾賷乇 爻丕乇丞 鬲鬲賲孬賱 賮賷 賰賵賳賰 鬲乇賯丿 毓賱賶 馗賴乇賰 賵 鬲乇賮氐 賯賵丕卅賲賰 丕賱賰孬賷乇丞 丕賱賲鬲毓賱賯丞 賮賷 丕賱賴賵丕亍 賵 丕賷賯賳鬲 丕賳賰 鬲丨賵賱鬲 廿賱賶 丨卮乇丞 毓賲賱丕賯丞 賱賴丕 賵毓賷賰 丕賱廿賳爻丕賳賷 賵 賱賰賳 亘賲馗賴乇賴丕 丕賱賲賳賮乇 賱賱丌禺乇賷賳.
賷賯賵賱 丕賱毓賯丕丿 毓賳 丕賱賵馗賷賮丞 兀賳賴丕 毓亘賵丿賷丞 丕賱賯乇賳 丕賱毓卮乇賷賳 賵 賯丿 賰丕賳 噩乇賷噩賵乇 亘丕賱賮毓賱 毓亘丿丕 賱賱賵馗賷賮丞 乇睾賲 兀賳賮賴. 丕囟胤乇鬲賴 丕賱馗乇賵賮 賵 賴賵 丕賱賲爻鬲卮毓乇 賱賱賮賳賵賳 丕賱丨丕賱賲 亘丕賱賲賵爻賷賯賶 兀賳 賷毓賲賱 賮賷 丕賱鬲噩丕乇丞 賱賷毓賵賱 毓丕卅賱鬲賴 丕賱鬲賷 賷賱鬲氐賯 乇亘賴丕 亘丕賱兀乇賷賰賴 賵 鬲毓丕賳賷 毓賲賷丿鬲賴丕 賲賳 丕賱賲乇囟 丕賱毓囟丕賱 亘賷賳賲丕 鬲丨賱賲 氐睾賷乇鬲賴丕 亘丕賱鬲丨賱賷賯 賮賷 兀噩賵丕亍 丕賱爻毓丕丿丞 賵 丕賱賲乇丨. 賱賲 賷噩丿 賲賮乇 賲賳 兀賳 賷鬲丿乇毓 亘丕賱丨賲賱 賮賵賯 馗賴乇賴 賰丕賱禺賳賮爻賴 囟丕乇亘丕 亘賯賵丕卅賲賴 丕賱兀乇囟 賱賷亘賷毓 丕賱賵賴賲 賱賱兀禺乇賷賳 賵 賷卮鬲乇賷 乇賮丕賴賷丞 兀爻乇鬲賴 賵 賱賰賳賴 賮賷 賵毓賷賴 丕賱丨賯賷賯賷 賵 毓賯賱賴 丕賱亘丕胤賳 賷賰鬲卮賮 兀賳賴 賷亘賷毓 賳賮爻賴 亘丕賱賮毓賱 賮賷鬲丨賵賱 廿賱賶 賴匕丕 丕賱賲爻禺 丕賱賱毓賷賳 賱鬲鬲胤丕亘賯 丕賱氐賵乇丞 賲毓 丕賱賲毓賳賶 賮賷 鬲賳丕睾賲 賳亘賴賳丕 廿賱賷賴 丕賱毓亘賯乇賷 賰丕賮賰丕 賯亘賱 丕賱孬賵乇丞 丕賱亘賱卮賮賷丞 亘毓丿丞 爻賳賵丕鬲 賵 賯亘賱 丕賱賷賵賲 亘兀賰孬乇 賲賳 賲丕卅丞 毓丕賲
廿匕丕 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱亘丿丕賷丕鬲 鬲毓賷爻賴 賮丕賱賳賴丕賷丕鬲 亘丕賱囟乇賵乇丞 賱賷爻鬲 爻毓賷丿丞. 賵 賮賷 毓丕賱賲 睾賷乇 爻賵賷 賵 睾賷乇 毓丕丿賱 賵 賱丕 賲賳氐賮 賳氐胤丿賲 丿丕卅賲丕 亘丕賱丨賯賷賯丞 毓賯亘 賰賱 鬲賲乇丿 賵 賷賰賵賳 噩夭丕亍 噩乇賷噩賵乇 賴賵 鬲賳賰乇 丕賱噩賲賷毓 賱賴 卮賷卅丕 賮卮賷卅丕 丨鬲賶 鬲睾賷亘 賱匕丞 丕賱丨賷丕丞 鬲賲賴賷丿丕 賱睾賷丕亘 丕賱丨賷丕丞 賳賮爻賴丕.
July 17, 2009
I suspect interpreting Kafka says more about the reader than the author so here's some insight into my psyche:
Gregor's family are losers. Gregor takes over the "bread winner" position after his father's business fails and provides enough money for the family to live as well as help to pay down the large debt his father's business incurred. The rest of them are fine to let him and sit on their asses. Gregor's father is perfectly healthy, but is happy to mooch too. Then, we find out that his father has been squirreling away Gregor's money on the side to boot.
Gregor works for five years in this manner, never missing a day of work, and the first day he is ill they are jerks. Yet, when the vermin dies and they are employed, they all sit down quick to write letters of excuse for themselves. When the vermin's alive it's an excuse to not leave the house; when he dies they can't work.
They deplore the fact that the vermin cannot understand them despite evidence to the contrary when he hears them talk and follows their instructions (eg. to get back in the room, etc.). Furthermore, they make no effort to communicate with him. I'd like to think if a loved one turned into an insect and I decided to keep them alive in a bedroom of my house, I would get around to trying the blatantly obvious "Hiss one for yes, two for no" routine.
In short, f--- you Gregor's family. You suck.
Gregor's family are losers. Gregor takes over the "bread winner" position after his father's business fails and provides enough money for the family to live as well as help to pay down the large debt his father's business incurred. The rest of them are fine to let him and sit on their asses. Gregor's father is perfectly healthy, but is happy to mooch too. Then, we find out that his father has been squirreling away Gregor's money on the side to boot.
Gregor works for five years in this manner, never missing a day of work, and the first day he is ill they are jerks. Yet, when the vermin dies and they are employed, they all sit down quick to write letters of excuse for themselves. When the vermin's alive it's an excuse to not leave the house; when he dies they can't work.
They deplore the fact that the vermin cannot understand them despite evidence to the contrary when he hears them talk and follows their instructions (eg. to get back in the room, etc.). Furthermore, they make no effort to communicate with him. I'd like to think if a loved one turned into an insect and I decided to keep them alive in a bedroom of my house, I would get around to trying the blatantly obvious "Hiss one for yes, two for no" routine.
In short, f--- you Gregor's family. You suck.
March 14, 2024
In 1915, this novel defied time and had not aged a bit. The narration is slow, oppressive, repetitive, and better to support the surreal dimension of Gregor's condition. The immobility to which he has forced nails us to the ground. Everything occurs behind closed doors in his room, and the feeling of suffocation is intense.
The major metamorphosis is not of Gregor but the Samsa family in the face of their son and brother's degraded state. Their alienation does not surprise anyone at what happens to Gregor. The rejection reaction is primarily due to the changes in their own lives.
In a simple and accessible language, with a good touch of irony, this story opens several doors of reflection on Kafkaesque themes such as dependence, work, a ruthless world, social relationships, family, and the meaning of life.
The major metamorphosis is not of Gregor but the Samsa family in the face of their son and brother's degraded state. Their alienation does not surprise anyone at what happens to Gregor. The rejection reaction is primarily due to the changes in their own lives.
In a simple and accessible language, with a good touch of irony, this story opens several doors of reflection on Kafkaesque themes such as dependence, work, a ruthless world, social relationships, family, and the meaning of life.
February 6, 2025
He is fool by spending his life to them; nobody would care if he became an ugly Metamorphosis!!
廿賳賴 兀丨賲賯 毓賳丿賲丕 賷賳賮賯 丨賷丕鬲賴 毓賱賶 兀丨丿貨 賮賱賳 賷賴鬲賲賵丕 亘賴 兀亘丿丕賸 毓賳丿賲丕 賷氐亘丨 賲爻禺丕賸 !!
賵賱兀賯賵賱賴丕 氐乇賷丨丞貙 賮賰賱 毓賱丕賯丞 賷賳賯氐賴丕 丕賱鬲賰丕賮丐貙 爻鬲鬲丌賰賱 亘丕賱锟斤拷賯丕丿賲 丨鬲賲丕. 爻賵丕亍 賰丕賳鬲 丕賱乇丕亘胤丞 丨亘 兀賲 氐丿丕賯丞貙 賮賲氐賷乇賴丕 丕賱夭賵丕賱 亘鬲賱丕卮賷 丕丨鬲賷丕噩賴賲 賱賰 賵賱禺丿賲丕鬲賰. 丕賱丨亘 賵丕賱丕乇鬲亘丕胤 賴賷 賲噩乇丿 賲卮丕毓乇 鬲毓賰爻 乇睾亘丕鬲 賵丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲 丿賮賷賳丞 賯丿 賱丕 賳毓賷 亘賰賷賳賵賳鬲賴丕 亘丿丕禺賱賳丕.. 賷毓胤賷 丕賱賳丕爻 賲毓丕賳賷 賲禺丕丿毓丞 賱丕丨鬲賷丕噩丕鬲賴賲 丕賱賲禺噩賱丞!.
賵賱鬲鬲毓馗 亘亘胤賱 丕賱乇賵丕賷丞 "噩乇賷噩賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕"貙 丕賱匕賷 馗賱 賮乇丿丕 賲賳 丕賱毓丕卅賱丞 丨鬲賶 兀氐丕亘賴 丕賱毓噩夭 賵丕賳賯胤毓 毓賳 丕賱毓賲賱 賵丕賱賰爻亘貙 賮兀氐亘丨 亘毓丿賴丕 賲爻禺丕 賰丕賱丨卮乇丞貙 賵兀氐亘丨 賵噩賵丿賴 賲夭毓噩丕 賲賯夭夭丕..
乇亘賲丕 卮毓乇鬲 丕賱兀禺鬲 亘丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷丞 賵丕賱丕賱鬲夭丕賲 賳丨賵賴貨 "賮丕賱毓賽卮乇丞 賱丕 鬲賴賵賳 廿賱丕 毓賱賶 兀賵賱丕丿 丕賱丨乇丕賲"貙 賵賱賰賳 廿賱賶 賲鬲賶責 廿賱賶 賲鬲賶 爻鬲噩亘乇 賳賮爻賴丕 毓賱賶 禺丿賲鬲賴貙 乇睾賲 鬲賯夭夭賴丕 賵乇睾賲 "賯賱丞 丨賷賱鬲賴"責
氐丿賷賯賷貙 廿賱賶 賲鬲賶 爻鬲賯亘賱 亘亘賳丕亍 毓賱丕賯鬲賰 亘賴賲 毓賱賶 兀爻丕爻 卮賮賯鬲賴賲 賵亘毓囟 賲卮丕毓乇 丕賱丕賱鬲夭丕賲 丕賱賲丐賯鬲丞責!..
氐丿賷賯賷貙 兀賳丕 賱丕 兀乇鬲囟賷 賱賰 賲孬賱 賴匕賴 丕賱毓賱丕賯丞 丕賱亘丕卅爻丞貙 賮賱丕 鬲乇鬲囟賷賴丕 兀賳鬲 賱賳賮爻賰. 賵賱賳鬲毓馗 噩賲賷毓賳丕 賲賳 賵賯丕卅毓 丕賱賲爻禺 "噩乇賷噩賵乇 爻丕賲爻丕"..
Let's declare it directly honestly; that each relationship lacks of equality, would be definitely eroded as time goes by. Whether the bound was LOVE or FRIENDSHIP, its destiny would be a demise as they don't need you anymore. LOVE and ENGAGEMENT are merely feelings that reflect hidden needs and desires we might don't aware of its existence inside us.
People give their impressive needs a trickery terms.
Take a lesson from novel's main character "Gregor Samsa". he was part of the family until he is poor and incapable of working and earning, therefore he became a metamorphosis like a beetle, which is annoying to be exist with them.
May be his sister took responsibility and commitment to him, as they say "Intimacy doesn't be ignored except by sons of Prostitution". but how long? for how long she will force herself to serve him, despite she is disgusted of him and of his deficiency?!!.
My friend, how long will you accept building your relationship with them on their sympathy and kindness, and on their temporary feel of commitment?
My friend, I don't satisfy with such a poor relationship for you, so please, don't be okay with that for yourself.
and let's get a moral of Chronicles of "Gregor Samsa".
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